naalbinding-msg - 5/27/02
A Scandinavian needle art, similar to knitting. Also spelled nalebinding and nalbinding. "Single needle knitting".
NOTE: See also the files: knitting-msg, knitting-lnks, p-knitting-bib, Norse-msg, weaving-msg, spinning-msg, lace-msg, linen-msg, textiles-msg.
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This file is a collection of various messages having a common theme that I have collected from my reading of the various computer networks. Some messages date back to 1989, some may be as recent as yesterday.
This file is part of a collection of files called Stefan's Florilegium. These files are available on the Internet at: http://www.florilegium.org
I have done a limited amount of editing. Messages having to do with separate topics were sometimes split into different files and sometimes extraneous information was removed. For instance, the message IDs were removed to save space and remove clutter.
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Thank you,
Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous
Stefan at florilegium.org
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From: Gunnora Hallakarva <gunnora at bga.com>
To: ansteorra at Ansteorra.ORG
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 21:55:46 -0500
Subject: ANST - Naalbinding and Sieves
Stephan li Rous asked what naalbinding was.
Naalbinding is also known as "single-needle knitting." The technique
produces a looped fabric, much as true knitting or crochet does.
Naalbinding is an extremely ancient technique and examples can be found in
almost every culture. Certainly it existed in the Egypt of the pharohs, as
well as the Viking Age.
Mistress Alix Tiburga has been working on developing instructions with
step-by-step diagrams for the technique, which is extremely simple to do
but very difficult to explain without a hands-on demonstration. ideally,
the technique uses a thick needle with a big eye, often made of antler or
bone, but a tapestry needle can be substituted in a pinch.
A class in the technique was taught at 3YC. Baroness Thordis
Hakonarsdatter and Master Ragnar Ulfgarsson brought it back to Ansteorra.
Thordis taught me, I taught Rhiane and Alix, and Alix has gone nuts and is
teaching anyone else she can get to sit still long enough.
You can buy expensive $15 needles direct from Iceland on the web
(http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/tools/nale.html, or see
http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/instructions/gloves.html for a photo of the
finished fabric), but I've been making them from antler from fallow deer
and from whitetail deer for no cost other than the labor. The best needles
to work with are curved near the tip. Mine looks like a finger crooked in
a "come here" gesture. If you want to make your own needles, soak the
antler two days in cold water, then boil them for about an hour or so. Use
a sharp knife to shape and smooth the needle. It doesn't need a sharp
point, and in fact does better with a rounded one. Leave the butt end
large enough for a hole up to 1/4" in diameter. Drill the hole, and
carefully smooth the edges and inside of the hole. Sand to finish, and
buff well with beeswax.
I notice that Stephan li Rous actually has some information about
naalbinding in his Florilegium files at
http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/rialto/knitting-msg.html
Martinson and Hald both have good photos of strainers... they are made of
cow-hair, not horse-hair, to correct my earlier post.
Geijir, Agnes. Birka III: Die Textilfunde aus den Graben. Uppsala: Kungl.
Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akadamien. 1938.
Hald, Margrethe. Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials: A
Comparative Study of Costume and Iron Age Textiles.
Archaeological-Historical Series 21. Copenhagen: National Museum of
Denmark. 1980.
Hutchinson, Elaine. Nalebinding: The History, Origins, Construction and
Use of 'Needle-Binding' with Specific Reference to the 'Coppergate Sock'.
http://www.ftech.net/~regia/naalbind.htm
Ligon, Linda. "The Ubiquitous Loop" Piecework. Jan/Feb 1994. pp. 64-66.
Martinson, Kate. "Scandinavian Nalbinding: Needle-Looped Fabric." The
Weaver's Journal. Fall 1987. pp. 12-15.
Nordland, O. Primitive Scandinavian Textiles in Knotless Netting. Oslo.
1961.
Rutt, Richard. A History of Handknitting. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press.
1987.
Turnau, Irena. "The Diffusion of Knitting in Medieval Europe." Cloth and
Clothing in Medieval Europe: Essays in Memory of Professor E.M. Carus
Wilson. Pasold Studies in Textile History 2. eds. B.B. Harte and K. G.
Ponting. London: Pasold. 1983. pp. 368-389.
Gunnora Hallakarva
Herskerinde
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 1997 00:00:24 -0500
From: Gunnora Hallakarva <gunnora at bga.com>
To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
Subject: naalbinding
>Date: Tue, 21 Oct 1997 16:41:22 -0500
>From: L Schmitt <schmitt at mailbag.com>
>To: gunnora at bga.com
>Subject: naalbinding
>
>Just a brief announcement for those having an interest in naalbinding.
>Larry Schmitt's third naalbinding workbook is now available. It is
>titled "Lessons in Naalbinding: Mittens, Mittens, Mittens!" This
>workbook is an exploration of the traditional Scandinavian naalbinding
>mittens -- including -- directions for four naalbinding stitches and six
>mitten patterns (each in three sizes).
>
>This is practical manual intended for the craftperson who wants to make
>real, "wearable" mittens, but attention is also given to historical
>background, traditional finishing touches and adornments, as well as
>directions for making naalbinding needles. A special feature of this
>workbook is a detailed and descriptive list of the more than thirty
>stitches that have been found in Scandinavian naalbinding mittens, with
>specific recommendations for yarn selection for each stitch.
>
>Schmitt's "Lessons in Naalbinding: Mittens, Mittens, Mittens!" (along
>with the two earlier volumes, "Scarves, Wimples and More", and "Edgings
>and Embellishments") is available from Susan's Fiber Shop, N250 Hwy A,
>Columbus, WI 53925 USA (telephone: 920-623-4237). For more information
>you can reach Susan McFarland by e-mail at susanfiber at internetwis.com.
>Please address wholesale inquiries to schmitt at mailbag.com.
Gunnora Hallakarva
Herskerinde
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 1997 09:16:21 +0930
From: "Melinda Shoop" <mediknit at nwinfo.net>
To: "SCA Arts" <SCA-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu>
Subject: Naalbinding
I would like to announce that I am also a source for the Nalbinding
Booklets by Larry Schmitt. The First two booklets are $5.75 each pp US,
$6.00 Canada, and the Third Booklet, the one about mittens is $13.75 pp US,
$14.00 Canada.
My Address:
Melinda Shoop
4002 W Arlington St
Yakima WA 98908
1-509-972-0615
mediknit at nwinfo.net
From: mjbr at tdk.dk (Michael Bradford)
Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
Subject: Re: Nalbinding
Date: Mon, 23 Mar 1998 07:34:30 GMT
Organization: Tele Denmark
Ron Cupples (artfuldodger at msn.com) wrote:
: Help!! Does anyone know of any good sources on the art of nalbinding
: (Scandinavian needle art). Very period, but hard to find any good
: references on it. My Lady/wife is having trouble tracking down info. She
: does have some info if any are interested.Write or E-Mail to
: needlewitch at msn.com
: Many thanks from Thorbjorn the Berserker
A book that is worth looking at is:
Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials
by Margrethe Hald
It contains a chapter on Nalbinding, which includes some good diagrams
demonstrating various stitching techniques. The book also includes
sections on tablet weaving, sewing and patterns.
Michael Bradford
Denmark
Subject: naalbinding
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1998 07:54:26 -0600
From: L Schmitt <schmitt at mailbag.com>
To: stefan at texas.net
Just a brief announcement for those having an interest in naalbinding.
Larry Schmitt's third naalbinding workbook is now available. It is
titled "Lessons in Naalbinding: Mittens, Mittens, Mittens!" This
workbook is an exploration of the traditional Scandinavian naalbinding
mitten -- including -- directions for four naalbinding stitches and six
mitten patterns (each in three sizes).
This is practical manual intended for the craftperson who wants to make
real, "wearable" mittens, but attention is also given to historical
background, traditional finishing touches and adornments, as well as
directions for making nŒlbinding needles. A special feature of this
workbook is a detailed and descriptive list of the more than thirty
stitches that have been found in Scandinavian naalbinding mittens, with
specific recommendations for yarn selection for each stitch.
Schmitt's "Lessons in Naalbinding: Mittens, Mittens, Mittens!" (along
with the two earlier volumes, "Scarves, Wimples and More", and "Edgings
and Embellishments") is available from Susan's Fiber Shop, N250 Hwy A,
Columbus, WI 53925 USA (telephone: 920-623-4237). For more information
you can reach Susan McFarland by e-mail at susanfiber at internetwis.com.
From: Sharon Palmer <palmer.74 at osu.edu>
Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
Subject: Re: Lucets and Nalebinding
Date: Sat, 28 Mar 1998 06:17:21 -0500
Organization: WOSU
Dick Eney wrote:
> Sarah Smith <ogre68 at iquest.net> wrote:
> > I am very interested in learning the techniques of Lucet and
> >Nalebinding weaving. I have been able to find a few articles on the
> Nalebinding, also spelled nalbinding and naalbinding, ....
> Since there are so many identified historic patterns, I defy anyone to
> say you're doing it "wrong" as long as it makes a fabric that does what
> you want - close to keep out cold, or loose to make a milk strainer.
It is better to stay with what is likely, than what cannot be proven
to be "wrong".
Naalbinding was (and is) most often used for the things we use
knitting, socks, mittens, etc. It can be hard to tell from
knitting. Usually (but not always) it looks like twisted-stitch
knitting. Thing of trying to mend socks with a needle, and you
get the idea. Nalbinding is upside down compared to knitting,
That is, the top of knitting has loops, but the loops are on the
bottom of nalbinding. A sock was often started from a single
loop at the toe. By all means, do some research before beginning
a major project.
Ranvaig the Weaver
Sharon Palmer palmer.74 at osu.edu
Subject: naalbinding references
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 1998 18:57:57 -0700
From: "Wanda Pease" <wandapease at bigfoot.com>
To: <stefan at texas.net>
I am in the SCA. I'm known as either Vigdis the Stout, or Fiametta La
Ghianda. I have taught knitting at an Ithra that was down there a
couple of years ago.
I'm pleased that you are interested in the nalbinding booklets. I do
have all of them available for shipping, and also some handmade wooden
nalbinding needles. Larry's first two booklets, "Edgings and Embellishments"
and "Scarves, Wimples, and More" are each $5.75 pp, and the newest, being
3 times longer than the first ones, is "Mittens! Mittens! Mittens!" and
is $13.75 pp
The nalbinding needle is $5.00 pp, and is made of cocobolo wood,
very smooth and flat with an eye at one end, about 3-1/2 inches long.
I also publish a little newsletter, The Ravel'd Sleeve, about medieval
knitting. You may have seen it.
Please let me know if I can send you anything that I have.
Thanks again,
Melinda Shoop
4002 W Arlington St
Yakima WA 98908
1-509-972-0615
Date: Mon, 30 Nov 1998 23:14:19 -0500
From: Karen at stierbach.atlantia.sca.org (Larsdatter, Karen )
To: khkeeler <kkeeler at unlinfo.unl.edu>
Cc: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
Subject: Re: Documentation difficulties
But, by the same token ... let's say we have someone who's
researching nalebinding for socks. There are two good places to
go for information on this particular artifact:
http://www.yorkarch.demon.co.uk/secrets/vikindrs.htm
which has a really kickin' picture of a sock worked in this style
and
http://www.ftech.net/~regia/naalbind.htm
which is an article by an English lady who does work in this style
for her English reenacting group
Now, neither of these are Crowfoot's "Textiles," but if our artisan is
having a hard time envisioning what the sock looks like from the
drawings, they really should check out the sock at the York
Archaeological Trust's website; the other article will be excellent for
pointers on how the technique works. But both of 'em are certainly
better than a "brag page" of pretty baby-socks all done up in
nalebinding. ;)
Karen Larsdatter
Date: Wed, 26 May 1999 08:38:39 -0500
From: "C.L. Ward" <gunnora at bga.com>
To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
Subject: Re: Naalbinding
Gniewomir z Suraza (ex-Gren Fredbosson) mka Jerzy A. Brzozowski asked:
>Is there any Web page that teaches nailbinding (nalebinding) _in detail_? If
>the answer is no, could someone manage to teach me?
Naalbinding is also known as "single-needle knitting." The technique
produces a looped fabric, much as true knitting or crochet does.
Naalbinding is an extremely ancient technique and examples can be found in
almost every culture. Certainly it existed in the Egypt of the pharohs, as
well as the Viking Age.=20
Naalbinding cannot be taught via illustrations alone. You will absolutely
have to sit down with someone who knows how it's done and learn. The good
news is that it's simple to do and easy to learn. The hardest part is
getting the item started to begin with. Once you have the piece started,
then the rest is really easy.
I recommend using a large antler needle. You can buy expensive $15 needles
direct from Iceland on the web
(http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/tools/nale.html, or see
http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/instructions/gloves.html for a photo of the
finished fabric), but I've been making them from antler from fallow deer
and from whitetail deer for no cost other than the labor. The best needles
to work with are curved near the tip. Mine looks like a finger crooked in
a "come here" gesture. If you want to make your own needles, soak the
antler two days in cold water, then boil them for about an hour or so. Use
a sharp knife to shape and smooth the needle. It doesn't need a sharp
point, and in fact does better with a rounded one. Leave the butt end
large enough for a hole up to 1/4" in diameter. Drill the hole, and
carefully smooth the edges and inside of the hole. Sand to finish, and
buff well with beeswax. (In a pinch you can use a large-eyed tapestry
needle instead).
If you come to Ansteorra, there are several folks here who can get you
started. There was also a lady at Pennsic last year who showed naalbinding
in the A&S Display who taught everyone who slowed down long enough about
the art of naalbinding.
SOURCES:
Geijir, Agnes. Birka III: Die Textilfunde aus den Graben. Uppsala: Kungl.
Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akadamien. 1938.
Hald, Margrethe. Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials: A
Comparative Study of Costume and Iron Age Textiles.
Archaeological-Historical Series 21. Copenhagen: National Museum of
Denmark. 1980.
Hutchinson, Elaine. Nalebinding: The History, Origins, Construction and
Use of 'Needle-Binding' with Specific Reference to the 'Coppergate Sock'.
http://www.ftech.net/~regia/naalbind.htm
Ligon, Linda. "The Ubiquitous Loop" Piecework. Jan/Feb 1994. pp. 64-66.
Martinson, Kate. "Scandinavian Nalbinding: Needle-Looped Fabric." The
Weaver's Journal. Fall 1987. pp. 12-15. =20
Nordland, O. Primitive Scandinavian Textiles in Knotless Netting. Oslo.
1961.
Rutt, Richard. A History of Handknitting. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press.
1987.
Turnau, Irena. "The Diffusion of Knitting in Medieval Europe." Cloth and
Clothing in Medieval Europe: Essays in Memory of Professor E.M. Carus
Wilson. Pasold Studies in Textile History 2. eds. B.B. Harte and K. G.
Ponting. London: Pasold. 1983. pp. 368-389.
Walton, Penelope. 1989. Textiles, Cordage and Fiber from 16-22 Coppergate.
The Archaeology of York 17: The Small Finds, Fascicule 5. Dorchester: The
Council for British Archaeology and The Dorset Press.=20
Some Web resources for naalbinding include:
Stefan li Rous's Floregium files
http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/rialto/knitting-msg.html
http://www.ftech.net/~regia/naalbind.htm
(A good introduction to the technique, but the diagram is useless.)
(Information on Icelandic wool yarns,rovings and naalbinding
needles. I make
my own needles myself for free, it's really easy. Or you can use a
commercial tapestry needle)
Gunnora Hallakarva
Baroness to the Court of Ansteorra
Date: Wed, 26 May 1999 16:19:46 +0200
From: Anna Troy <Anna.Troy at bibks.uu.se>
To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
Subject: Re: Naalbinding
Hi. Naal binding hung around for quite some time here in Sweden and as a
lot of other crafts had a resurgance in the 70's. As for needles, reindeer
antler is good, though I didn't process mine in quite the same way. I just
sawed it out, sanded and then polished it. It's about 4 inches long and
it's fairly blunt. Reindeer antler also often comes with the right curve as
well. You can also use bone and hard wood like Juniper. Basicly you want
that needle to be SMOOTH. The curve is a good thing to have bit it's not
absolutly necessary. Unfortuantly I've only found some pages in Swedish
that describe the technique and this http://www.duke.edu/~scg3/naal.html in
English. Simpler Naalbinding techniques (there are over 20 different types
at least) can be learned from illustrations but it is darn hard.
Date: Tue, 29 Feb 2000 10:51:05 -0600
From: Schmitt <schmitt at mailbag.com>
Subject: Naalbinding Mittens Workshop
If you are interested in naalbinding, read on!
NŒlbinding Mittens at North House,
with Larry Schmitt – April 7-9 20000
Nalbinding Mitten workshop: Learn the ancient craft of Naalbinding –
April 7-9, 2000 at North House Folk School, on the harbor at beautiful
Grand Marais, Minnesota.
These mittens were once an essential for rural Scandinavians for more
than a thousand years. You will quickly discover why these mittens are
better than knitted mittens! Naalbinding is a way to make a looped
structure fabric using one needle. Though somewhat similar to knitting,
this craft is much older.
In this workshop, students will learn at least one of the traditional
naalbinding mitten stitches, as well as the basics of shaping a mitten.
A variety of finishing techniques will also be demonstrated. Students
will have an opportunity to make their own needles.
While this workshop is a must for anyone interested in prehistoric
textiles, you will find that naalbinding mittens are eminently practical
for the 21st century.
Larry Schmitt, our teacher, is the author of the "Lessons in
Naalbinding" series of books. The mitten book from the series –
"Mittens, mittens, mittens!" – was recently reviewed in Spin Off
magazine.
Tuition $125.00, plus $12.00 materials fee. One needle, lesson
materials and a small amount of yarn will be provided. Additional
supplies will be available for purchase.
North House Folk School was created to promote and preserve knowledge,
skills, and crafts of the past and present, and through them, to better
understand the future and our role in it. The learning that is
emphasized is inspired by the Scandinavian "folkhšgskolar" where
learning is valued for its own sake. The focus is on traditional
methods and technologies and their application in a variety of areas.
This course will be held at North House Folk School, located on Lake
Superior in Grand Marais, Minnesota at the foot of the Gunflint Trail.
Grand Marais is located 110 miles from Duluth and is reached by
following Highway 61 north. A detailed map will be provided on
registration.
Contact: North House Folk School, P.O. Box 759, Grand Marais, MN 55604
218-387-9762 or toll free at 888-387-9762
www.northhouse.org
Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2000 08:03:20 -0500
From: Schmitt <schmitt at mailbag.com>
To: stefan at texas.net
Subject: Naalbinding
Just a brief announcement for those with an interest in naalbinding. Larry
SchmittÕs fourth naalbinding workbook is now available. It is titled "Lessons
in Naalbinding: Lots of Socks." This workbook is an exploration of the
traditional naalbound socks -- including -- directions for ten naalbinding
stitches appropriate for socks and seven sock patterns based on traditional
examples -- with numerous variations.
This is practical manual intended for the craftperson who wants to make real,
"wearable" socks, but attention is also given to historical background and
traditional finishes. The work book also contains a survey of naalbinding
scholarship and directions for making your own needles.
SchmittÕs "Lessons in Naalbinding: Lots of Socks" is available from SusanÕs
Fiber Shop, N250 Hwy A, Columbus, WI 53925 USA, phone 920-623-4237
(susanfiber at internetwis.com, or http://www.handspinning.com/susansfiber/).
From: gunnora at my-deja.com
Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
Subject: Re: naal binding
Date: Fri, 03 Nov 2000 14:41:56 GMT
Roxanne Greenstreet <ghelena661 at aol.com> asked:
>How did the early Scandinavian peoples get naal binding and not
>knitting till later.
Naalbinding arises naturally out of activities such as repairing
fishing nets. It's ancient -- examples exist at least as early as the
Bronze Age, and there are examples from all over the world.
Barber's "Women's Work" cites (I think) a naalbinding linen bag from
Isarel, ca. 6500 BC.
Naalbinding is, literally, "single-needle knotting". The fabric
produced by this method resembles in some ways crochet or knitting, but
because the weave is knotted it's much less likely to ravel if cut.
>Did these early Scandinavians have knitting too and I just don't
>know about it?
Nope. They didn't get knitting until post Viking Age, sometime in the
Middle Ages if I recall correctly. Thirteenth century seems to be the
date I recall, but I don't have the materials here in front of me.
This is all discussed in detail in the excellent article I already
cited:
Turnau, Irena. "The Diffusion of Knitting in Medieval Europe." Cloth
and Clothing in Medieval Europe: Essays in Memory of Professor E.M.
Carus Wilson. Pasold Studies in Textile History 2. eds. B.B. Harte and
K. G. Ponting. London: Pasold. 1983. pp. 368-389.
Also see this excellent bibliography on early knitting and the
diffusion/spread of knitting:
http://www.florilegium.org/files/TEXTILES/p-knitting-bib.html
>I have some documentation for knitted items that are definitly
>knitted and very, very old
But "very, very old" is not documentation -- it's folklore. *How*
old? And exactly where? Actually, "where" is almost more important in
this case than "when" because new technologies do not appear in a big
*poof* of flame everywhere simultaneously, nor do people readily give
up their old ways of doing things quickly. New technologies spread
gradually, and can be traced.
A parallel example is the game of chess. It existed very early in
India -- but didn't get to Scandinavia until relatively late.
> I guess what I really want to know is why naal binding manage to
> travel far and wide and not knitting till much, much later.
Naalbinding seems to have been developed independently in several
places Egypt, among the Andean Indians, etc. It's idiot-simple to do,
and derives from knotting. Knitting, on the other hand, is not
intuitively obvious to this naalbinder, and I suspect that that is why
it wasn't spontaneously developed all over the place.
>Is it possible to put in a Dutch heel in a naal-bound sock?
In naalbinding you add loops or decrease loops wherever you need them,
from what I understand much easier than you can in knitting. My
naalbinding socks look like modern sports "anklet" type socks, because
I worked in the shape as I went.
Rutt, Richard. A History of Handknitting (Loveland, CO: Interweave
Press. 1987) has a couple of drawings which explain the
differences/similarities between increase/decrease techniques in
knitting vs. naalbinding, which are labelled as follows: "(a)
Nailbinding decrease, which cannot be simulated in knitting; (b)
nailbinding increase, which can be simulated by knitting, but only with
difficulty."
Regia Angelorum has a really good drawing of the Coppergate naalbinding
socks (the kind that I usually make) you should look at, it's located
at:
http://www.regia.org/naalbind.htm
As a note, don't expect to be able to learn naalbinding from the
explanation on this page or usually in any written source. It's easy
to do, but I've yet to see a good printed explanation, even one with
good diagrams.
> Why did knitting supercede naal binding as a way to make socks,
> mittens, ect.?
Check the Turnau article.
Other sources:
Hald, Margrethe. Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials, trans.
Jean Olsen. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark. 1980.
[Hald has a lot of information about naalbinding, and is quite good for
documentation. I found it of no help in initially learning
naalbinding.]
Schmitt, Larry. Lessons in Nalbinding, Mittens, Mittens, Mittens: A
Nalbinding Workbook. Author can be reached at: Larry Schmitt, 154 W.
Reynolds St., P.O. Box 219, Cottage Grove, WI 53527. Or order from:
Susan‰s Fiber Shop, N250 Hwy A, Columbus, WI 53925 USA, 920-623-4237,
http://www.handspinning.com/susansfiber/
Schmitt, Larry. Lessons in Naalbinding: Lots of Socks. (Same contact
info as above).
Naalbinding Mail List at eGroups
nalbinding-owner at egroups.com
[Lots of really good info. Larry Schmidt and many others are on this
list, which can make it very helpful.]
Phialia's String Pages: Naalbinding
http://www.duke.edu/~scg3/string.html#naal
Morganna McGlachlen's Naalbinding Page
http://technetdesign.hypermart.net/naalbinding.html
Mistress Þ—ra Sharptooth posted the following sources on the Norsefolk
eGroups list a while back. I have some additional articles that she
doesn't list, which I will try and dig up this weekend. All biblio
below is from Þ—ra:
Bayerisches Nationalmuseum. _Sakrale GewŠnder des Mittelalters:
Ausstellung im Bayerischen Nationalmuseum Munchen, 8. Juli bis 25.
September 1955_, ed. Sigrid MÙller- Christensen. Munchen: Hirmer,
1955.
[Catalogue entry for a mid-12th century nalebinding linen glove from
Germany.]
Burnham, Dorothy. "Coptic Knitting: An Ancient Technique," _Textile
History_ 3 (December 1972), pp. 116-124.
[General techniques of nalebinding used on Coptic socks. Some nice
photos.]
Hansen, Egon. "Nalebinding: definition and description," _Textiles in
Northern Archaeology: NESAT III Textile Symposium in York 6-9 May 1987_,
ed. Penelope Walton and John-Peter Wild. London: Archetype
Publications, 1990.
[Typology and notation system for the different interlacements. The
intellectual equivalent of Collingwood's sprang and tablet weaving
typologies; highly recommended.]
MÙller-Christensen, Sigrid, et al. "Die GrŠber im Kšnigschor," pp. 923-
1023 in Hans Erich Kubach and Walter Haas, eds., _Der Dom zu Speyer_,
Vol. 2 (Textband). MÙnich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1972.
[Catalogue entry for a fragmentary 11th century nalebinding silk glove
from Germany.]
Nordland, Odd. _Primitive Scandinavian Textiles in Knotless Netting_.
Oslo University Press, 1961.
[He combed museums in Scandinavia for examples; well worth a look, even
though he's not very clear on the techniques themselves.]
Schmedding, Brigitta. _Mittelalterliche Textilien in Kirchen und
Klostern der Schweiz_. Schriften der Abegg-Stiftung. Bern: Verlag
StŠmpfli & Cie., 1978.
[Some 12th century linen episcopal stockings from Switzerland.]
Walton, Penelope. _Textiles, Cordage and Raw Fibre from 16-22
Coppergate_. The Archaeology of York, Volume 17, Fascicule 5. York:
York Archaeological Trust and the Council for British Archaeology,
1989.
[Has a write-up on the Coppergate shoe liner / sock from the 10th
century, plus some succinct comparative information on nalebinding
stockings. The "Coppergate stitch" isn't covered in Schmitt.]
And *still* more on naalbinding:
Bennett, Wendell and Junius Bird. Andean Culture History. The Natural
History Press. 1964.
[Has a brief description of naalbinding in the Andes, see pg. 221.]
Nylen, Anna-Maja. Swedish Handcraft. Translation 1977? ISBN:
0517365537. see pp. 96-97, 315-318.
[Shows historical examples and a common technique. Various local terms
were used for needle looping, variously nalbindning (sewing with a
needle), binda med nal (to sew with a needle), nata (to needle), and
somma (to seam). Nalbindning (noun) and binda med nal (verb) are the
generally accepted terms in Sweden today for needle looping.]
Davidson, D. S.; "Knotless netting in America and Oceania?"
American Anthropologist, New Series, 37; 1935.
Martinson, Kate; "Scandinavian NÎlbinding; Needle Looped Fabric?" in
Weaver's Journal XII, No. 2, Issue 46; Fall 1987.
Westman, Berit; NÎlbindning; 12 varianter; Andersson & Kagardt,
VŠsterÎs, 1983; ISBN 91-970550-0-X.
[Good instructions, in Swedish.]
Ligon, Linda. "The Ubiquitous Loop" Piecework (Jan/Feb 1994) pp. 64-66.
Martinson, Kate. "Scandinavian Nalbinding: Needle-Looped Fabric." The
Weaver's Journal. Fall 1987. pp. 12-15.
::GUNNORA::
Subject: [MR] Nalbinding article
Date: Fri, 4 May 2001 21:37:52 EDT
From: EXCMairi at aol.com
To: sca-east at indra.com
CC: atlantia at atlantia.sca.org
For the nalbinding fanatics out there (I'm married to one), there is a very nice article in the most recent (May/June 2001) Piecework, written by Nancy Bush (who wrote Folk Socks and Folk Knitting in Estonia). The article is a good introduction, with both ancient (read Dura-Europa and viking age) as well as modern Estonian examples. There are really nice color photos of the Coppergate sock (before and after restoration) as well as the nicest photo of teh Mammen pieces I have ever seen (actually shows almost all of one of the pennants/banners instead of just a close up).
The issue also has a piece entitled "A Mobius Scarf to Nalbind" with instructions for making the scarf by Rudy Amann. She doesn't use the usual black and white drawings of nalbinding stitches, but photos of someone actually doing it (a bit harder to see, since they are not close up enough for my taste, but it's a different way of approaching the problem of illustrating how to do it on paper).
A note says that Mr. Amann will be teaching "Spinning Thicker Yarns and Nalbinding" at SOAR (Spin-Off's Autumn Retreat) in Snowbird, Utah Sept. 16-23, 2001. He lives in Maine, in case anybody want to try and find him. ; )
Also gives a source for wooden nalbinding needles - Woodchuck Products, PO Box 1138, Taos, NM 87571; (505) 776-4180.
Mairi
From: "james rich" <7152 at cableone.net>
Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
Subject: Magazine article on naalbinding
Date: Wed, 30 May 2001 14:06:49 -0500
If anyone is interested, the current (May-June) issue of Piecework Magazine
has a nice article on naalbinding.
AElfwenna
<the end>