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{\subject Medieval navagation instruments.}{\author Edited by Mark Harris}{\keywords ships, navigation, instruments, sextant, astronomy, compass}{\operator Mark S. Harris}{\creatim\yr2008\mo1\dy25\hr22\min21}{\revtim\yr2008\mo1\dy25\hr22\min21}{\version2}
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\f7\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f5\fs36\ul\insrsid12276615 nav-inst-msg - 9/25/98
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-980\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-980\lin0\itap0\pararsid11010126 {\f6\fs20\insrsid12276615 
\par Period navigational instruments and navigation.
\par 
\par NOTE: See also the files: med-ships-art, ships-bib, }{\f6\fs20\insrsid11010126\charrsid11010126 Seakeeping-p1-art}{\f6\fs20\insrsid12276615 ,  ships-msg, boat-building-msg, Nav-Crosstaff-art, travel-foods-msg.
\par 
\par ************************************************************************
\par NOTICE -
\par 
\par This file is a collection of various messages having a common theme that I  have collected from my reading of the various computer networks. Some messages date back to 1989, some may be as recent as yesterday.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri-980\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-980\lin0\itap0\pararsid11010126 \f6\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12276615 
This file is part of a collection of files called Stefan's Florilegium. These files are available on the Internet at: http://www.florilegium.org
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri-980\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-980\lin0\itap0\pararsid11010126 \f7\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f6\fs20\insrsid12276615 
\par I  have done  a limited amount  of  editing. Messages having to do  with
 separate topics  were sometimes split into different files and sometimes extraneous information was removed. For instance, the  message IDs  were removed to save space and remove clutter.
\par 
\par The comments made in these messages are not necessarily my viewpoints. I make  no claims  as  to the accuracy  of  the information  given  by the individual authors.
\par 
\par Please  respect the time  and  efforts of  those who have written  these messages. The  copyright status  of these messages  is  unclear  at this time. If  information  is  published  from  these  messages, please give credit to the originator(s).
\par 
\par Thank you,
\par     Mark S. Harris                  AKA:  THLord Stefan li Rous
\par                                           Stefan at florilegium.org
\par ************************************************************************
\par 
\par From: whheydt at PacBell.COM (Wilson Heydt)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-980\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin-980\lin0\itap0 {\f6\fs20\insrsid12276615 Date: 21 Oct 91 22:49:58 GMT
\par Organization: Pacific * Bell, San Ramon, CA
\par 
\par moonman at buhub.bradley.edu (Craig Levin) writes:
\par >I am interested in the study of medieval navigation techniques.
\par >However, the books I have found about astronomy of the time deal
\par >mainly with cosmological theory and not the scientific practices of
\par >the time. Does anyone else here have an interest in this as well?
\par 
\par One place to start would be the History of Navigation section of _The
\par American Practical Navigator_ by Nathaniel Bowditch.  The edition I
\par have is the 1967, but the work has been kept in print by the US Navy
\par since 1867 (the book--in it's original form--actually goes back to
\par 1803).
\par 
\par         --Hal
\par 
\par         Hal Ravn, Province of the Mists, West Kingdom
\par         Wilson H. Heydt, Jr.,  Albany, CA 94706,  415/524-8321 (home)
\par 
\par 
\par From: jartificer at aol.com (Jartificer)
\par Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
\par Subject: Re: Instruction for using a SexTent
\par Date: 19 Jan 1996 06:24:39 -0500
\par 
\par If you are talking about Sextants (as in navigation), there are plenty of
\par books on sailing, navigation, and such.
\par If you are interested for SCA purposes, keep in mind that sextants are a
\par little too late, even by the 1650 limit.  The immediate ancestor of the
\par sextant is the Backstaff, which looks somewhat similar but is much larger
\par and works in a slightly different way.  I just saw a bunch of them in the
\par UK while reseraching astrolabes, quadrants, sundials and such. They were
\par all made by instrument makers, who upgraded their wares with new
\par technology, much as we are switching to GPS.
\par 
\par Have fun
\par John the Artificer
\par John Rose
\par 
\par 
\par From: chk at primenet.com (Chris Kurtz)
\par Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
\par Subject: Re: Instruction for using a SexTent
\par Date: 19 Jan 1996 16:11:02 -0700
\par 
\par darknite at usa.net (Michael Martin) wrote:
\par >I am looking for onstruction in the proper use of a Sextent.  I any one 
\par >has a copy and wont mind uploading them to me I would greatly appreciate 
\par >it.
\par 
\par You might also try http://www.drake.edu/public/awb001/sail.html on the
\par World Wide Web.
\par 
\par +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
\par | Chris H. Kurtz (blue at rocinante.com)            http://www.primenet.com/~blue |
\par |   Known in the Society as Lord Kristoff McLain Cameron                       |
\par |     Member of Duchy Aquitaine, Khanate Jaded Axe and First Mate of the I.B.B.|
\par +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
\par 
\par 
\par From: david.razler at compudata.com (DAVID RAZLER)
\par Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
\par Subject: Re: period sextant? Answer
\par Date: Mon, 22 Jan 96 18:35:00 -0400
\par Organization: Compu-Data BBS -=- Turnersville, NJ -=- 609-232-1245
\par 
\par CK>>I am looking for onstruction in the proper use of a Sextent.  I any
\par CK>one  >has a copy and wont mind uploading them to me I would greatly
\par CK>appreciate  >it.
\par 
\par For *period* navigational gear, get ahold of "Chaucer [yes,the Goeffrey 
\par Chaucer] on the Astrolabe with Original Illustrations" available in 
\par Middle English or a 1931 Modern English edition published by Oxford 
\par University Press or the revised edition (1977) self-published by Norman 
\par Greene (Box 7657/ Berkeley, Ca. 94707 or (415) 524-1109)) He may (if in 
\par a good mood) offer to sell you some of his reconstructions which, though 
\par accurate, are expensive.
\par 
\par If you happen to find an original Middle English first edition printed 
\par by Caxton, I'll be only too glad to trade it for a modern translation 
\par <sick grin>
\par 
\par Seriously, the ME may be available on the Web either through The Chaucer 
\par Project or Project Gutenberg as the copyright has long expired.
\par 
\par Also I *think* the Gies's Cathedral, Forge and Waterwheel makes mention 
\par of early navigational instruments, as do several episodes of James 
\par Glenk's Connections broadcast every month or so on The Learning Channel. 
\par Both of the above are purely secondary sources, but hey...
\par 
\par                         In Service
\par                   Aleksandr the Traveller
\par                  [david.razler at compudata.com]
\par 
\par 
\par From: "David K. Schreur" <baronfum at net-link.net>
\par Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
\par Subject: Re: period sextant? Answer
\par Date: 24 Jan 1996 00:08:29 GMT
\par 
\par Of course, the sextant was not used intil very late if at all
 in period. Aleksandr has given the best advice in looking up Chaucer on the astrolabe, which was the chief method of determining latitude in later period.  Another instrument of navigation which is quite easy to recreate is the "Jacob's ladder" which con
sisted of a marked stick with a sliding crosspiece which was used for making sightings.  And, of course, longitude simply could not be determined in period and was not accurately determined until the refinement of an accurate chronometer.
\par 
\par 
\par From: clevin at ripco.com (Craig Levin)
\par Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
\par Subject: Re: Navigation - maps and instruments
\par Date: 6 Feb 1997 05:16:54 GMT
\par Organization: Ripco Internet BBS, Chicago
\par 
\par Matthew Legge  <mlegge at quokka.epidem.uwa.edu.au> wrote:
\par 
\par >I was wondering if any one could help me with some research I am doing. 
\par >The subject is maritime navigation, the methods and instruments used. I 
\par >have found one good source, but it focuses on ships and their design. Is 
\par >there any one out on the ether who can direct me to any SCA publications 
\par >on the subject or any person who has looked into this subject.
\par 
\par Given that the SCA's period stretches from the end of the Roman
\par _classes_ to the Great Armada, the question of navigation isn't
\par an easy one to answer. My own research has mostly concentrated on
\par the Age of Exploration, and even more specifically on the voyages
\par and voyagers of the Iberian Peninsula, more on Portugal than on
\par Aragon or Castile.
\par 
\par A fair introductory work to the entire sweep of mediaeval
\par seafaring was written by the late Archibald Lewis. IMO, his
\par European Naval and Maritime History belongs in every college
\par library, and mine, too, if I can find a way to get it cheaply. 
\par 
\par If you wish to look into my half-acre of maritime history, you're
\par more than welcome! Start with Hale's Renaissance Exploration, and
\par Parry's Age of Reconnaisance, and Brown's Story of Maps. Samuel
\par Eliot Morison's Admiral of the Ocean Sea, while focussing on
\par Cristobal Colon, is also a worthy work to keep near at hand, for
\par Morison was a yachtsman, and sailed many of the same seas that
\par Colon did.
\par --
\par http://pages.ripco.com:8080/~clevin/index.html 
\par clevin at ripco.com
\par Craig Levin
\par 
\par 
\par Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
\par From: brandt at dca.net (Keith E. Brandt)
\par Subject: Re: Navigation - maps and instruments
\par Date: Mon, 10 Feb 97 17:38:51 GMT
\par 
\par There is a fairly recent book called "Latitude Hooks and Azmuth Rings" which 
\par discussed how to build working replicas of early navigation instruments. There 
\par are a few primitive tools, but most are 1500 and later. I don't have the 
\par author or ISBN of the book handy, but can supply it if necessary.
\par 
\par Galen of Ockham
\par Friar, Chirurgeon, Pilot, and sometimes Fighter
\par Shire of Caer Adamant
\par East Kingdom
\par 
\par 
\par Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
\par From: brandt at dca.net (Keith E. Brandt)
\par Subject: Re: Navigation - maps and instruments
\par Date: Thu, 13 Feb 97 02:55:11 GMT
\par 
\par I received a few queries by email, so here's the full reference
\par 
\par Latitude Hooks and Azimuth Rings
\par    How to build and use 18 traditional navigational tools
\par Dennnis Fisher
\par 1995
\par International Marine, an imprint of TAB books. TAB Books is a division of 
\par      McGraw-Hill (800)233-1128
\par ISBN 0-07-021120-5
\par 
\par --Galen
\par --------------------------------------------------------------------
\par Galen of Ockham
\par Friar, Chirurgeon, Pilot, and sometimes Fighter
\par Shire of Caer Adamant
\par East Kingdom
\par ===============================================================================
\par Keith E. Brandt, MD, WD9GET      ||  I don't really care if they label me a
\par  Major, Flight Surgeon           ||     Jesus Freak,
\par Dover AFB, Delaware              || 'Cause there ain't no disguisin' the truth! 
\par brandt at dca.net                   ||  
\par http://www.dca.net/~brandt       ||                                --DC Talk
\par ===============================================================================
\par 
\par <the end>
\par }}