naalbinding-msg - 5/27/02 A Scandinavian needle art, similar to knitting. Also spelled nalebinding and nalbinding. "Single needle knitting". NOTE: See also the files: knitting-msg, knitting-lnks, p-knitting-bib, Norse-msg, weaving-msg, spinning-msg, lace-msg, linen-msg, textiles-msg. ************************************************************************ NOTICE - This file is a collection of various messages having a common theme that I have collected from my reading of the various computer networks. Some messages date back to 1989, some may be as recent as yesterday. This file is part of a collection of files called Stefan's Florilegium. These files are available on the Internet at: http://www.florilegium.org I have done a limited amount of editing. Messages having to do with separate topics were sometimes split into different files and sometimes extraneous information was removed. For instance, the message IDs were removed to save space and remove clutter. The comments made in these messages are not necessarily my viewpoints. I make no claims as to the accuracy of the information given by the individual authors. Please respect the time and efforts of those who have written these messages. The copyright status of these messages is unclear at this time. If information is published from these messages, please give credit to the originator(s). Thank you, Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous Stefan at florilegium.org ************************************************************************ From: Gunnora Hallakarva To: ansteorra at Ansteorra.ORG Date: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 21:55:46 -0500 Subject: ANST - Naalbinding and Sieves Stephan li Rous asked what naalbinding was. Naalbinding is also known as "single-needle knitting." The technique produces a looped fabric, much as true knitting or crochet does. Naalbinding is an extremely ancient technique and examples can be found in almost every culture. Certainly it existed in the Egypt of the pharohs, as well as the Viking Age. Mistress Alix Tiburga has been working on developing instructions with step-by-step diagrams for the technique, which is extremely simple to do but very difficult to explain without a hands-on demonstration. ideally, the technique uses a thick needle with a big eye, often made of antler or bone, but a tapestry needle can be substituted in a pinch. A class in the technique was taught at 3YC. Baroness Thordis Hakonarsdatter and Master Ragnar Ulfgarsson brought it back to Ansteorra. Thordis taught me, I taught Rhiane and Alix, and Alix has gone nuts and is teaching anyone else she can get to sit still long enough. You can buy expensive $15 needles direct from Iceland on the web (http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/tools/nale.html, or see http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/instructions/gloves.html for a photo of the finished fabric), but I've been making them from antler from fallow deer and from whitetail deer for no cost other than the labor. The best needles to work with are curved near the tip. Mine looks like a finger crooked in a "come here" gesture. If you want to make your own needles, soak the antler two days in cold water, then boil them for about an hour or so. Use a sharp knife to shape and smooth the needle. It doesn't need a sharp point, and in fact does better with a rounded one. Leave the butt end large enough for a hole up to 1/4" in diameter. Drill the hole, and carefully smooth the edges and inside of the hole. Sand to finish, and buff well with beeswax. I notice that Stephan li Rous actually has some information about naalbinding in his Florilegium files at http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/rialto/knitting-msg.html Martinson and Hald both have good photos of strainers... they are made of cow-hair, not horse-hair, to correct my earlier post. Geijir, Agnes. Birka III: Die Textilfunde aus den Graben. Uppsala: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akadamien. 1938. Hald, Margrethe. Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials: A Comparative Study of Costume and Iron Age Textiles. Archaeological-Historical Series 21. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark. 1980. Hutchinson, Elaine. Nalebinding: The History, Origins, Construction and Use of 'Needle-Binding' with Specific Reference to the 'Coppergate Sock'. http://www.ftech.net/~regia/naalbind.htm Ligon, Linda. "The Ubiquitous Loop" Piecework. Jan/Feb 1994. pp. 64-66. Martinson, Kate. "Scandinavian Nalbinding: Needle-Looped Fabric." The Weaver's Journal. Fall 1987. pp. 12-15. Nordland, O. Primitive Scandinavian Textiles in Knotless Netting. Oslo. 1961. Rutt, Richard. A History of Handknitting. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press. 1987. Turnau, Irena. "The Diffusion of Knitting in Medieval Europe." Cloth and Clothing in Medieval Europe: Essays in Memory of Professor E.M. Carus Wilson. Pasold Studies in Textile History 2. eds. B.B. Harte and K. G. Ponting. London: Pasold. 1983. pp. 368-389. Gunnora Hallakarva Herskerinde Date: Wed, 22 Oct 1997 00:00:24 -0500 From: Gunnora Hallakarva To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: naalbinding >Date: Tue, 21 Oct 1997 16:41:22 -0500 >From: L Schmitt >To: gunnora at bga.com >Subject: naalbinding > >Just a brief announcement for those having an interest in naalbinding. >Larry Schmitt's third naalbinding workbook is now available. It is >titled "Lessons in Naalbinding: Mittens, Mittens, Mittens!" This >workbook is an exploration of the traditional Scandinavian naalbinding >mittens -- including -- directions for four naalbinding stitches and six >mitten patterns (each in three sizes). > >This is practical manual intended for the craftperson who wants to make >real, "wearable" mittens, but attention is also given to historical >background, traditional finishing touches and adornments, as well as >directions for making naalbinding needles. A special feature of this >workbook is a detailed and descriptive list of the more than thirty >stitches that have been found in Scandinavian naalbinding mittens, with >specific recommendations for yarn selection for each stitch. > >Schmitt's "Lessons in Naalbinding: Mittens, Mittens, Mittens!" (along >with the two earlier volumes, "Scarves, Wimples and More", and "Edgings >and Embellishments") is available from Susan's Fiber Shop, N250 Hwy A, >Columbus, WI 53925 USA (telephone: 920-623-4237). For more information >you can reach Susan McFarland by e-mail at susanfiber at internetwis.com. >Please address wholesale inquiries to schmitt at mailbag.com. Gunnora Hallakarva Herskerinde Date: Wed, 22 Oct 1997 09:16:21 +0930 From: "Melinda Shoop" To: "SCA Arts" Subject: Naalbinding I would like to announce that I am also a source for the Nalbinding Booklets by Larry Schmitt. The First two booklets are $5.75 each pp US, $6.00 Canada, and the Third Booklet, the one about mittens is $13.75 pp US, $14.00 Canada. My Address: Melinda Shoop 4002 W Arlington St Yakima WA 98908 1-509-972-0615 mediknit at nwinfo.net From: mjbr at tdk.dk (Michael Bradford) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Re: Nalbinding Date: Mon, 23 Mar 1998 07:34:30 GMT Organization: Tele Denmark Ron Cupples (artfuldodger at msn.com) wrote: : Help!! Does anyone know of any good sources on the art of nalbinding : (Scandinavian needle art). Very period, but hard to find any good : references on it. My Lady/wife is having trouble tracking down info. She : does have some info if any are interested.Write or E-Mail to : needlewitch at msn.com : Many thanks from Thorbjorn the Berserker A book that is worth looking at is: Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials by Margrethe Hald It contains a chapter on Nalbinding, which includes some good diagrams demonstrating various stitching techniques. The book also includes sections on tablet weaving, sewing and patterns. Michael Bradford Denmark Subject: naalbinding Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1998 07:54:26 -0600 From: L Schmitt To: stefan at texas.net Just a brief announcement for those having an interest in naalbinding. Larry Schmitt's third naalbinding workbook is now available. It is titled "Lessons in Naalbinding: Mittens, Mittens, Mittens!" This workbook is an exploration of the traditional Scandinavian naalbinding mitten -- including -- directions for four naalbinding stitches and six mitten patterns (each in three sizes). This is practical manual intended for the craftperson who wants to make real, "wearable" mittens, but attention is also given to historical background, traditional finishing touches and adornments, as well as directions for making nålbinding needles. A special feature of this workbook is a detailed and descriptive list of the more than thirty stitches that have been found in Scandinavian naalbinding mittens, with specific recommendations for yarn selection for each stitch. Schmitt's "Lessons in Naalbinding: Mittens, Mittens, Mittens!" (along with the two earlier volumes, "Scarves, Wimples and More", and "Edgings and Embellishments") is available from Susan's Fiber Shop, N250 Hwy A, Columbus, WI 53925 USA (telephone: 920-623-4237). For more information you can reach Susan McFarland by e-mail at susanfiber at internetwis.com. From: Sharon Palmer Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Re: Lucets and Nalebinding Date: Sat, 28 Mar 1998 06:17:21 -0500 Organization: WOSU Dick Eney wrote: > Sarah Smith wrote: > > I am very interested in learning the techniques of Lucet and > >Nalebinding weaving. I have been able to find a few articles on the > Nalebinding, also spelled nalbinding and naalbinding, .... > Since there are so many identified historic patterns, I defy anyone to > say you're doing it "wrong" as long as it makes a fabric that does what > you want - close to keep out cold, or loose to make a milk strainer. It is better to stay with what is likely, than what cannot be proven to be "wrong". Naalbinding was (and is) most often used for the things we use knitting, socks, mittens, etc. It can be hard to tell from knitting. Usually (but not always) it looks like twisted-stitch knitting. Thing of trying to mend socks with a needle, and you get the idea. Nalbinding is upside down compared to knitting, That is, the top of knitting has loops, but the loops are on the bottom of nalbinding. A sock was often started from a single loop at the toe. By all means, do some research before beginning a major project. Ranvaig the Weaver Sharon Palmer palmer.74 at osu.edu Subject: naalbinding references Date: Mon, 27 Apr 1998 18:57:57 -0700 From: "Wanda Pease" To: I am in the SCA. I'm known as either Vigdis the Stout, or Fiametta La Ghianda. I have taught knitting at an Ithra that was down there a couple of years ago. I'm pleased that you are interested in the nalbinding booklets. I do have all of them available for shipping, and also some handmade wooden nalbinding needles. Larry's first two booklets, "Edgings and Embellishments" and "Scarves, Wimples, and More" are each $5.75 pp, and the newest, being 3 times longer than the first ones, is "Mittens! Mittens! Mittens!" and is $13.75 pp The nalbinding needle is $5.00 pp, and is made of cocobolo wood, very smooth and flat with an eye at one end, about 3-1/2 inches long. I also publish a little newsletter, The Ravel'd Sleeve, about medieval knitting. You may have seen it. Please let me know if I can send you anything that I have. Thanks again, Melinda Shoop 4002 W Arlington St Yakima WA 98908 1-509-972-0615 Date: Mon, 30 Nov 1998 23:14:19 -0500 From: Karen at stierbach.atlantia.sca.org (Larsdatter, Karen ) To: khkeeler Cc: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: Documentation difficulties But, by the same token ... let's say we have someone who's researching nalebinding for socks. There are two good places to go for information on this particular artifact: http://www.yorkarch.demon.co.uk/secrets/vikindrs.htm which has a really kickin' picture of a sock worked in this style and http://www.ftech.net/~regia/naalbind.htm which is an article by an English lady who does work in this style for her English reenacting group Now, neither of these are Crowfoot's "Textiles," but if our artisan is having a hard time envisioning what the sock looks like from the drawings, they really should check out the sock at the York Archaeological Trust's website; the other article will be excellent for pointers on how the technique works. But both of 'em are certainly better than a "brag page" of pretty baby-socks all done up in nalebinding. ;) Karen Larsdatter Date: Wed, 26 May 1999 08:38:39 -0500 From: "C.L. Ward" To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: Naalbinding Gniewomir z Suraza (ex-Gren Fredbosson) mka Jerzy A. Brzozowski asked: >Is there any Web page that teaches nailbinding (nalebinding) _in detail_? If >the answer is no, could someone manage to teach me? Naalbinding is also known as "single-needle knitting." The technique produces a looped fabric, much as true knitting or crochet does. Naalbinding is an extremely ancient technique and examples can be found in almost every culture. Certainly it existed in the Egypt of the pharohs, as well as the Viking Age.=20 Naalbinding cannot be taught via illustrations alone. You will absolutely have to sit down with someone who knows how it's done and learn. The good news is that it's simple to do and easy to learn. The hardest part is getting the item started to begin with. Once you have the piece started, then the rest is really easy. I recommend using a large antler needle. You can buy expensive $15 needles direct from Iceland on the web (http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/tools/nale.html, or see http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/instructions/gloves.html for a photo of the finished fabric), but I've been making them from antler from fallow deer and from whitetail deer for no cost other than the labor. The best needles to work with are curved near the tip. Mine looks like a finger crooked in a "come here" gesture. If you want to make your own needles, soak the antler two days in cold water, then boil them for about an hour or so. Use a sharp knife to shape and smooth the needle. It doesn't need a sharp point, and in fact does better with a rounded one. Leave the butt end large enough for a hole up to 1/4" in diameter. Drill the hole, and carefully smooth the edges and inside of the hole. Sand to finish, and buff well with beeswax. (In a pinch you can use a large-eyed tapestry needle instead). If you come to Ansteorra, there are several folks here who can get you started. There was also a lady at Pennsic last year who showed naalbinding in the A&S Display who taught everyone who slowed down long enough about the art of naalbinding. SOURCES: Geijir, Agnes. Birka III: Die Textilfunde aus den Graben. Uppsala: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akadamien. 1938. Hald, Margrethe. Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials: A Comparative Study of Costume and Iron Age Textiles. Archaeological-Historical Series 21. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark. 1980. Hutchinson, Elaine. Nalebinding: The History, Origins, Construction and Use of 'Needle-Binding' with Specific Reference to the 'Coppergate Sock'. http://www.ftech.net/~regia/naalbind.htm Ligon, Linda. "The Ubiquitous Loop" Piecework. Jan/Feb 1994. pp. 64-66. Martinson, Kate. "Scandinavian Nalbinding: Needle-Looped Fabric." The Weaver's Journal. Fall 1987. pp. 12-15. =20 Nordland, O. Primitive Scandinavian Textiles in Knotless Netting. Oslo. 1961. Rutt, Richard. A History of Handknitting. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press. 1987. Turnau, Irena. "The Diffusion of Knitting in Medieval Europe." Cloth and Clothing in Medieval Europe: Essays in Memory of Professor E.M. Carus Wilson. Pasold Studies in Textile History 2. eds. B.B. Harte and K. G. Ponting. London: Pasold. 1983. pp. 368-389. Walton, Penelope. 1989. Textiles, Cordage and Fiber from 16-22 Coppergate. The Archaeology of York 17: The Small Finds, Fascicule 5. Dorchester: The Council for British Archaeology and The Dorset Press.=20 Some Web resources for naalbinding include: Stefan li Rous's Floregium files http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/rialto/knitting-msg.html http://www.ftech.net/~regia/naalbind.htm (A good introduction to the technique, but the diagram is useless.) http://www.dmv.com/~iceland/ (Information on Icelandic wool yarns,rovings and naalbinding needles. I make my own needles myself for free, it's really easy. Or you can use a commercial tapestry needle) Gunnora Hallakarva Baroness to the Court of Ansteorra Date: Wed, 26 May 1999 16:19:46 +0200 From: Anna Troy To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: Naalbinding Hi. Naal binding hung around for quite some time here in Sweden and as a lot of other crafts had a resurgance in the 70's. As for needles, reindeer antler is good, though I didn't process mine in quite the same way. I just sawed it out, sanded and then polished it. It's about 4 inches long and it's fairly blunt. Reindeer antler also often comes with the right curve as well. You can also use bone and hard wood like Juniper. Basicly you want that needle to be SMOOTH. The curve is a good thing to have bit it's not absolutly necessary. Unfortuantly I've only found some pages in Swedish that describe the technique and this http://www.duke.edu/~scg3/naal.html in English. Simpler Naalbinding techniques (there are over 20 different types at least) can be learned from illustrations but it is darn hard. Date: Tue, 29 Feb 2000 10:51:05 -0600 From: Schmitt Subject: Naalbinding Mittens Workshop If you are interested in naalbinding, read on! Nålbinding Mittens at North House, with Larry Schmitt - April 7-9 20000 Nalbinding Mitten workshop: Learn the ancient craft of Naalbinding - April 7-9, 2000 at North House Folk School, on the harbor at beautiful Grand Marais, Minnesota. These mittens were once an essential for rural Scandinavians for more than a thousand years. You will quickly discover why these mittens are better than knitted mittens! Naalbinding is a way to make a looped structure fabric using one needle. Though somewhat similar to knitting, this craft is much older. In this workshop, students will learn at least one of the traditional naalbinding mitten stitches, as well as the basics of shaping a mitten. A variety of finishing techniques will also be demonstrated. Students will have an opportunity to make their own needles. While this workshop is a must for anyone interested in prehistoric textiles, you will find that naalbinding mittens are eminently practical for the 21st century. Larry Schmitt, our teacher, is the author of the "Lessons in Naalbinding" series of books. The mitten book from the series - "Mittens, mittens, mittens!" - was recently reviewed in Spin Off magazine. Tuition $125.00, plus $12.00 materials fee. One needle, lesson materials and a small amount of yarn will be provided. Additional supplies will be available for purchase. North House Folk School was created to promote and preserve knowledge, skills, and crafts of the past and present, and through them, to better understand the future and our role in it. The learning that is emphasized is inspired by the Scandinavian "folkhögskolar" where learning is valued for its own sake. The focus is on traditional methods and technologies and their application in a variety of areas. This course will be held at North House Folk School, located on Lake Superior in Grand Marais, Minnesota at the foot of the Gunflint Trail. Grand Marais is located 110 miles from Duluth and is reached by following Highway 61 north. A detailed map will be provided on registration. Contact: North House Folk School, P.O. Box 759, Grand Marais, MN 55604 218-387-9762 or toll free at 888-387-9762 www.northhouse.org Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2000 08:03:20 -0500 From: Schmitt To: stefan at texas.net Subject: Naalbinding Just a brief announcement for those with an interest in naalbinding. Larry Schmitt's fourth naalbinding workbook is now available. It is titled "Lessons in Naalbinding: Lots of Socks." This workbook is an exploration of the traditional naalbound socks -- including -- directions for ten naalbinding stitches appropriate for socks and seven sock patterns based on traditional examples -- with numerous variations. This is practical manual intended for the craftperson who wants to make real, "wearable" socks, but attention is also given to historical background and traditional finishes. The work book also contains a survey of naalbinding scholarship and directions for making your own needles. Schmitt's "Lessons in Naalbinding: Lots of Socks" is available from Susan's Fiber Shop, N250 Hwy A, Columbus, WI 53925 USA, phone 920-623-4237 (susanfiber at internetwis.com, or http://www.handspinning.com/susansfiber/). From: gunnora at my-deja.com Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Re: naal binding Date: Fri, 03 Nov 2000 14:41:56 GMT Roxanne Greenstreet asked: >How did the early Scandinavian peoples get naal binding and not >knitting till later. Naalbinding arises naturally out of activities such as repairing fishing nets. It's ancient -- examples exist at least as early as the Bronze Age, and there are examples from all over the world. Barber's "Women's Work" cites (I think) a naalbinding linen bag from Isarel, ca. 6500 BC. Naalbinding is, literally, "single-needle knotting". The fabric produced by this method resembles in some ways crochet or knitting, but because the weave is knotted it's much less likely to ravel if cut. >Did these early Scandinavians have knitting too and I just don't >know about it? Nope. They didn't get knitting until post Viking Age, sometime in the Middle Ages if I recall correctly. Thirteenth century seems to be the date I recall, but I don't have the materials here in front of me. This is all discussed in detail in the excellent article I already cited: Turnau, Irena. "The Diffusion of Knitting in Medieval Europe." Cloth and Clothing in Medieval Europe: Essays in Memory of Professor E.M. Carus Wilson. Pasold Studies in Textile History 2. eds. B.B. Harte and K. G. Ponting. London: Pasold. 1983. pp. 368-389. Also see this excellent bibliography on early knitting and the diffusion/spread of knitting: http://www.florilegium.org/files/TEXTILES/p-knitting-bib.html >I have some documentation for knitted items that are definitly >knitted and very, very old But "very, very old" is not documentation -- it's folklore. *How* old? And exactly where? Actually, "where" is almost more important in this case than "when" because new technologies do not appear in a big *poof* of flame everywhere simultaneously, nor do people readily give up their old ways of doing things quickly. New technologies spread gradually, and can be traced. A parallel example is the game of chess. It existed very early in India -- but didn't get to Scandinavia until relatively late. > I guess what I really want to know is why naal binding manage to > travel far and wide and not knitting till much, much later. Naalbinding seems to have been developed independently in several places Egypt, among the Andean Indians, etc. It's idiot-simple to do, and derives from knotting. Knitting, on the other hand, is not intuitively obvious to this naalbinder, and I suspect that that is why it wasn't spontaneously developed all over the place. >Is it possible to put in a Dutch heel in a naal-bound sock? In naalbinding you add loops or decrease loops wherever you need them, from what I understand much easier than you can in knitting. My naalbinding socks look like modern sports "anklet" type socks, because I worked in the shape as I went. Rutt, Richard. A History of Handknitting (Loveland, CO: Interweave Press. 1987) has a couple of drawings which explain the differences/similarities between increase/decrease techniques in knitting vs. naalbinding, which are labelled as follows: "(a) Nailbinding decrease, which cannot be simulated in knitting; (b) nailbinding increase, which can be simulated by knitting, but only with difficulty." Regia Angelorum has a really good drawing of the Coppergate naalbinding socks (the kind that I usually make) you should look at, it's located at: http://www.regia.org/naalbind.htm As a note, don't expect to be able to learn naalbinding from the explanation on this page or usually in any written source. It's easy to do, but I've yet to see a good printed explanation, even one with good diagrams. > Why did knitting supercede naal binding as a way to make socks, > mittens, ect.? Check the Turnau article. Other sources: Hald, Margrethe. Ancient Danish Textiles from Bogs and Burials, trans. Jean Olsen. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark. 1980. [Hald has a lot of information about naalbinding, and is quite good for documentation. I found it of no help in initially learning naalbinding.] Schmitt, Larry. Lessons in Nalbinding, Mittens, Mittens, Mittens: A Nalbinding Workbook. Author can be reached at: Larry Schmitt, 154 W. Reynolds St., P.O. Box 219, Cottage Grove, WI 53527. Or order from: Susanâs Fiber Shop, N250 Hwy A, Columbus, WI 53925 USA, 920-623-4237, http://www.handspinning.com/susansfiber/ Schmitt, Larry. Lessons in Naalbinding: Lots of Socks. (Same contact info as above). Naalbinding Mail List at eGroups nalbinding-owner at egroups.com [Lots of really good info. Larry Schmidt and many others are on this list, which can make it very helpful.] Phialia's String Pages: Naalbinding http://www.duke.edu/~scg3/string.html#naal Morganna McGlachlen's Naalbinding Page http://technetdesign.hypermart.net/naalbinding.html Mistress Þ-ra Sharptooth posted the following sources on the Norsefolk eGroups list a while back. I have some additional articles that she doesn't list, which I will try and dig up this weekend. All biblio below is from Þ-ra: Bayerisches Nationalmuseum. _Sakrale GewŠnder des Mittelalters: Ausstellung im Bayerischen Nationalmuseum Munchen, 8. Juli bis 25. September 1955_, ed. Sigrid MŸller- Christensen. Munchen: Hirmer, 1955. [Catalogue entry for a mid-12th century nalebinding linen glove from Germany.] Burnham, Dorothy. "Coptic Knitting: An Ancient Technique," _Textile History_ 3 (December 1972), pp. 116-124. [General techniques of nalebinding used on Coptic socks. Some nice photos.] Hansen, Egon. "Nalebinding: definition and description," _Textiles in Northern Archaeology: NESAT III Textile Symposium in York 6-9 May 1987_, ed. Penelope Walton and John-Peter Wild. London: Archetype Publications, 1990. [Typology and notation system for the different interlacements. The intellectual equivalent of Collingwood's sprang and tablet weaving typologies; highly recommended.] MŸller-Christensen, Sigrid, et al. "Die GrŠber im Kšnigschor," pp. 923- 1023 in Hans Erich Kubach and Walter Haas, eds., _Der Dom zu Speyer_, Vol. 2 (Textband). MŸnich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1972. [Catalogue entry for a fragmentary 11th century nalebinding silk glove from Germany.] Nordland, Odd. _Primitive Scandinavian Textiles in Knotless Netting_. Oslo University Press, 1961. [He combed museums in Scandinavia for examples; well worth a look, even though he's not very clear on the techniques themselves.] Schmedding, Brigitta. _Mittelalterliche Textilien in Kirchen und Klostern der Schweiz_. Schriften der Abegg-Stiftung. Bern: Verlag StŠmpfli & Cie., 1978. [Some 12th century linen episcopal stockings from Switzerland.] Walton, Penelope. _Textiles, Cordage and Raw Fibre from 16-22 Coppergate_. The Archaeology of York, Volume 17, Fascicule 5. York: York Archaeological Trust and the Council for British Archaeology, 1989. [Has a write-up on the Coppergate shoe liner / sock from the 10th century, plus some succinct comparative information on nalebinding stockings. The "Coppergate stitch" isn't covered in Schmitt.] And *still* more on naalbinding: Bennett, Wendell and Junius Bird. Andean Culture History. The Natural History Press. 1964. [Has a brief description of naalbinding in the Andes, see pg. 221.] Nylen, Anna-Maja. Swedish Handcraft. Translation 1977? ISBN: 0517365537. see pp. 96-97, 315-318. [Shows historical examples and a common technique. Various local terms were used for needle looping, variously nalbindning (sewing with a needle), binda med nal (to sew with a needle), nata (to needle), and somma (to seam). Nalbindning (noun) and binda med nal (verb) are the generally accepted terms in Sweden today for needle looping.] Davidson, D. S.; "Knotless netting in America and Oceania?" American Anthropologist, New Series, 37; 1935. Martinson, Kate; "Scandinavian NŒlbinding; Needle Looped Fabric?" in Weaver's Journal XII, No. 2, Issue 46; Fall 1987. Westman, Berit; NŒlbindning; 12 varianter; Andersson & Kagardt, VŠsterŒs, 1983; ISBN 91-970550-0-X. [Good instructions, in Swedish.] Ligon, Linda. "The Ubiquitous Loop" Piecework (Jan/Feb 1994) pp. 64-66. Martinson, Kate. "Scandinavian Nalbinding: Needle-Looped Fabric." The Weaver's Journal. Fall 1987. pp. 12-15. ::GUNNORA:: Subject: [MR] Nalbinding article Date: Fri, 4 May 2001 21:37:52 EDT From: EXCMairi at aol.com To: sca-east at indra.com CC: atlantia at atlantia.sca.org For the nalbinding fanatics out there (I'm married to one), there is a very nice article in the most recent (May/June 2001) Piecework, written by Nancy Bush (who wrote Folk Socks and Folk Knitting in Estonia). The article is a good introduction, with both ancient (read Dura-Europa and viking age) as well as modern Estonian examples. There are really nice color photos of the Coppergate sock (before and after restoration) as well as the nicest photo of teh Mammen pieces I have ever seen (actually shows almost all of one of the pennants/banners instead of just a close up). The issue also has a piece entitled "A Mobius Scarf to Nalbind" with instructions for making the scarf by Rudy Amann. She doesn't use the usual black and white drawings of nalbinding stitches, but photos of someone actually doing it (a bit harder to see, since they are not close up enough for my taste, but it's a different way of approaching the problem of illustrating how to do it on paper). A note says that Mr. Amann will be teaching "Spinning Thicker Yarns and Nalbinding" at SOAR (Spin-Off's Autumn Retreat) in Snowbird, Utah Sept. 16-23, 2001. He lives in Maine, in case anybody want to try and find him. ; ) Also gives a source for wooden nalbinding needles - Woodchuck Products, PO Box 1138, Taos, NM 87571; (505) 776-4180. Mairi From: "james rich" <7152 at cableone.net> Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Magazine article on naalbinding Date: Wed, 30 May 2001 14:06:49 -0500 If anyone is interested, the current (May-June) issue of Piecework Magazine has a nice article on naalbinding. AElfwenna Edited by Mark S. Harris naalbinding-msg 13