inks-msg - 6/25/09 ਀ഊPeriod and SCA inks for calligraphy. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: quills-msg, iwandpc-msg, parchment-msg, paper-msg, gold-leaf-msg, calligraphy-msg, callig-suppl-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊFrom: jab2 at stl.stc.co.uk (Jennifer Ann Bray) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Period Black Ink/Dye ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㠀 䴀愀爀 㤀㐀 ㄀㔀㨀㐀㌀㨀㐀㄀ഊOrganization: STC Technology Ltd., London Road, Harlow, UK. ਀ഊMistress Gwennis passed me a recipe for black ink which I tried out ਀氀愀猀琀 眀攀攀欀攀渀搀 愀琀 愀 挀爀愀昀琀 猀攀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀琀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 猀漀 眀攀氀氀 䤀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 猀漀洀攀漀渀攀ഊelse out there might like to try it. She got the recipe from a Dover ਀琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 琀攀砀琀 戀礀 䌀攀渀椀渀椀 ⠀猀瀀㼀⤀ഊ ਀圀攀 琀漀漀欀 愀 挀甀瀀 漀昀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀 挀甀瀀 漀昀 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 愀搀搀攀搀 愀 琀攀愀猀瀀漀漀渀ഊof iron salts (ferrous sulphate). To make writing ink add a few ਀猀瀀漀漀渀昀甀氀氀猀 漀昀 最甀洀 愀爀愀戀椀挀 ⠀䤀✀洀 琀漀氀搀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀爀漀眀爀漀漀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 眀漀爀欀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀Ⰰഊbut we didn't try that). ਀ഊThe ink looks light grey when it goes on, but as it oxidises it slowly ਀琀甀爀渀猀 琀漀 戀氀愀挀欀⸀ 䤀琀✀猀 焀甀椀琀攀 昀甀渀 眀愀琀挀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀欀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 礀漀甀爀ഊeyes, it's quite different from modern inks which just sit there ਀猀琀愀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 挀漀氀漀甀爀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 礀漀甀 氀攀愀瘀攀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 最甀洀 愀爀愀戀椀挀⼀愀爀爀漀眀爀漀漀琀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 搀礀攀⸀ 䠀攀愀琀 猀椀氀欀 椀渀ഊit and you get a dense bluish black. On wool it gives a very very dark ਀戀爀漀眀渀 挀漀氀漀甀爀Ⰰ 椀琀 氀漀漀欀猀 戀氀愀挀欀 戀攀猀椀搀攀 愀 戀氀愀挀欀 吀 猀栀椀爀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 栀愀搀 愀ഊdefinite brownish tinge when held next to the dyed silk. ਀ഊThe oak galls are a concentrated source of tannin. If you can't get ਀漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 眀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 愀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 戀礀 戀漀椀氀椀渀最 琀栀爀攀攀 琀攀愀戀愀最猀 椀渀 愀ഊcup of water for about quarter of an hour. It wasn't quite as good an ਀椀渀欀 愀猀 琀栀攀 猀琀甀昀昀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀琀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀渀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀ഊgave a reasonable black. The oak gall ink also improved overnight even ਀琀栀漀甀最栀 眀攀 栀愀搀 猀琀爀愀椀渀攀搀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 戀礀 瀀愀猀猀椀渀最 椀琀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀ഊcoarse cloth. I suppose there was still fine sediment in the pot that ਀眀愀猀 挀愀甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 琀愀渀渀椀渀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 最漀 甀瀀㼀 䄀昀琀攀爀 氀攀愀瘀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀渀椀最栀琀ഊthe ink went onto paper as a dark grey colour, and turned as black as ਀椀渀搀椀愀 椀渀欀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 氀椀欀攀 琀漀 琀爀礀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 愀最愀椀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 䤀爀漀渀ഊsince a bottle of Iron sulphate crytals doesn't look very period. ਀䤀爀漀渀 昀椀氀椀渀最猀 漀爀 爀甀猀琀 洀椀最栀琀 眀漀爀欀 愀猀 愀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 䤀爀漀渀 琀漀 戀氀愀挀欀攀渀 琀栀攀ഊink, as vegetable tanned leather turns black when exposed to iron ਀爀椀瘀攀琀猀 愀渀搀 昀椀琀琀椀渀最猀⸀ 䤀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 椀爀漀渀 椀猀 爀攀愀挀琀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 琀愀渀渀椀渀 椀渀ഊthe leather to produce the same black compound. ਀ഊThe oak gall ink dyes wood black, so I'm planning on using it to ਀瀀愀椀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀琀愀椀氀猀 漀渀 洀礀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 琀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀ഊGokstad ship had painted details on it. ਀ഊWe used quill pens to write with the ink, and sometimes found the ink ਀眀攀渀琀 漀渀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 最爀攀礀 愀猀 椀琀 爀愀渀 漀甀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 洀攀愀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 栀愀搀 琀漀 搀椀瀀ഊslightly more often than when using india ink, but it was worth it for ਀琀栀攀 昀甀渀 漀昀 眀愀琀挀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀攀琀琀攀爀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀 挀漀氀漀甀爀 愀猀 眀攀 眀爀漀琀攀⸀ഊ ਀䨀攀渀渀椀昀攀爀⼀刀愀渀渀瘀攀椀欀ഊVanaheim Vikings ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀⸀䄀⸀䈀爀愀礀 愀琀 戀渀爀⸀挀漀⸀甀欀 ⠀㌀⼀㄀㔀⼀㤀㐀⤀ഊTo: markh at sphinx ਀刀䔀㸀倀攀爀椀漀搀 䈀氀愀挀欀 䤀渀欀⼀䐀礀攀ഊ ਀㸀䈀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀㼀 䄀挀漀爀渀猀㼀 䄀挀漀爀渀 栀甀猀欀猀㼀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 椀渀猀攀挀琀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 琀栀攀 最愀氀氀 眀愀猀瀀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 氀愀礀猀 椀琀猀 攀最最猀 漀渀 漀愀欀 琀爀攀攀猀⸀ഊWhen the larvae hatch out they eat the oak bark which irritates the oak tree. ਀吀栀攀 琀爀攀攀 爀攀愀挀琀猀 戀礀 昀漀爀洀椀渀最 愀渀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀愀爀瘀愀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀ഊsphere made of a bark-like material, but smooth on the outside and with a ਀洀甀挀栀 栀椀最栀攀爀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀愀渀渀椀渀 琀栀愀渀 渀漀爀洀愀氀 漀愀欀 戀愀爀欀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀 愀爀攀ഊabout the size of a large acorn and grow straight out from the twigs. The ਀氀愀爀瘀愀攀 最爀漀眀 愀渀搀 瀀甀瀀愀琀攀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 琀栀攀渀 攀愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 眀愀礀 漀甀琀 氀攀愀瘀椀渀最ഊtiny circular exit holes. ਀吀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 愀爀攀 最漀漀搀 昀漀爀 洀愀欀椀渀最 椀渀欀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀 琀愀渀渀椀渀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀⸀ഊYou can also get tannin from oak trees by stripping off the bark, but ਀瀀椀挀欀椀渀最 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 搀愀洀愀最攀 琀栀攀 琀爀攀攀Ⰰ 甀渀氀椀欀攀 猀琀爀椀瀀瀀椀渀最 戀愀爀欀 漀昀昀 琀栀攀ഊtree which eventually can kill an oak. ਀ഊAlso the galls are very easy to pick, they just twist off the twig, sometimes ਀琀栀攀礀 昀愀氀氀 漀昀昀 漀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀眀渀 愀渀搀 挀愀渀 戀攀 最愀琀栀攀爀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 戀攀渀攀愀琀栀 琀栀攀ഊtree. Stripping bark from a tree is a comparitively difficult task. ਀ഊHope that explains it, I don't know if there are gall wasps in America. ਀ഊJennifer ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 爀甀搀椀㌀㤀㘀㐀 愀琀 甀琀搀愀氀氀愀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀欀ഊDate: 20 Apr 1995 21:12:33 -0500 ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 吀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 吀攀砀愀猀 愀琀 䐀愀氀氀愀猀ഊ ਀最愀眀愀椀渀 愀琀 昀爀攀攀渀攀琀⸀攀搀洀漀渀琀漀渀⸀愀戀⸀挀愀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Does anyone out there have any source material regarding inks used in ਀㸀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀㼀  䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 氀椀欀攀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 猀漀洀攀 昀漀爀 愀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 䤀✀洀 搀漀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀洀 ഊ> having some trouble locating recipes and other information. Feel free to ਀㸀 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀 洀攀 愀琀 㰀最愀眀愀椀渀 愀琀 昀爀攀攀渀攀琀⸀攀搀洀漀渀琀漀渀⸀愀戀⸀挀愀㸀⸀  䴀愀渀礀 琀栀愀渀欀猀⸀ഊ ਀匀攀爀攀渀愀 栀攀爀攀㨀  吀爀礀 䌀攀渀渀椀渀漀 䌀攀渀渀椀渀椀✀猀 琀爀攀愀琀椀猀攀 漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 ഊtechniques (I'm doing this off the top of my head, so can't give full ਀戀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀愀氀 椀渀昀漀㬀 椀琀✀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 䐀漀瘀攀爀 䈀漀漀欀猀⤀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀 琀爀礀 吀栀攀漀瀀栀椀氀甀猀 ഊ(same publisher). Daniel Thompson translated several period texts, ਀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 䌀攀渀渀椀渀椀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 椀渀 开吀栀攀 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 ഊTechniques of Medieval Painting_. The long and short of all of this is: ਀䔀椀琀栀攀爀 洀椀砀 氀愀洀瀀戀氀愀挀欀 瀀椀最洀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 最甀洀 愀爀愀戀椀挀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 甀渀琀椀氀 礀漀甀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 ഊconsistency, or do nasty things with/to oak galls until you have ink. All ਀椀渀 愀氀氀Ⰰ 椀琀✀猀 攀愀猀椀攀爀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀✀琀 戀攀愀琀 椀琀 昀漀爀 ഊpermanence. ਀ഊSerena Lascelles/ Diane Pilkington ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 搀樀栀攀礀搀琀 愀琀 甀挀氀椀渀欀⸀戀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀 䨀 䠀攀礀搀琀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀 伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 椀渀欀ഊDate: 7 Dec 1995 05:10:05 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀愀氀椀昀漀爀渀椀愀Ⰰ 䈀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀ഊ ਀䤀渀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 㰀　㄀䠀夀䠀匀㤀倀伀儀㔀夀　　　䈀堀䈀 愀琀 瀀洀搀昀⸀氀愀渀攀⸀攀搀甀㸀ⰀഊJanet Lueck wrote: ਀ഊ>I am interested in finding a workable recipe for making ink from oak galls. I ਀㸀愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀礀 栀攀氀瀀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 最椀瘀攀 洀攀⸀  吀栀愀渀欀猀℀ഊ ਀䘀椀渀搀 猀漀洀攀戀漀搀礀 眀栀漀✀猀 最漀琀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 漀氀搀 吀䤀猀⸀  䄀琀愀渀椀攀氀氀攀ഊUnesse" published a very useful article in, oh, mid-1980s I think, ਀琀椀琀氀攀搀 ∀䔀椀最栀琀 䜀椀氀氀猀 漀昀 䜀愀氀氀猀⸀∀ഊ ਀䐀漀爀漀琀栀攀愀 漀昀 䌀愀攀爀ⴀ䴀礀爀搀搀椀渀ऀऀ䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀 䨀⸀ 䠀攀礀搀琀ഊMists/Mists/West UC Berkeley ਀䄀爀最攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀 挀爀漀猀猀 昀漀爀洀攀✀攀 猀愀戀氀攀ऀऀ搀樀栀攀礀搀琀 愀琀 甀挀氀椀渀欀⸀戀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀⸀攀搀甀ഊPRO DEO ET REGE ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 搀愀瘀椀搀⸀爀愀稀氀攀爀 愀琀 挀漀洀瀀甀搀愀琀愀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀䐀䄀嘀䤀䐀 刀䄀娀䰀䔀刀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀 伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 椀渀欀ഊDate: Fri, 08 Dec 95 21:51:00 -0400 ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䌀漀洀瀀甀ⴀ䐀愀琀愀 䈀䈀匀 ⴀ㴀ⴀ 吀甀爀渀攀爀猀瘀椀氀氀攀Ⰰ 一䨀 ⴀ㴀ⴀ 㘀　㤀ⴀ㈀㌀㈀ⴀ㄀㈀㐀㔀ഊ ਀䐀䨀㸀䨀愀渀攀琀 䰀甀攀挀欀 㰀䰀唀䔀䌀䬀 愀琀 攀搀氀愀渀攀⸀氀愀渀攀⸀䔀䐀唀㸀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ ਀䐀䨀㸀㸀䤀 愀洀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 昀椀渀搀椀渀最 愀 眀漀爀欀愀戀氀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 洀愀欀椀渀最 椀渀欀 昀爀漀洀 漀愀欀ഊDJ>galls. I ਀䐀䨀㸀㸀愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀礀 栀攀氀瀀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 最椀瘀攀 洀攀⸀  吀栀愀渀欀猀℀ഊ ਀䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 ⨀愀瘀漀椀搀⨀ 甀猀椀渀最 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 愀猀 愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 愀 洀漀爀搀愀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ഊthen, only for documents one does not want to keep long. ਀ഊOak galls are rich sources of tannic acid, and, while they can be used ਀琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀 戀爀漀眀渀 搀礀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 搀礀攀 昀愀搀攀猀 洀甀挀栀 昀愀猀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 ഊlampblack, which is as permanent as the agent that binds it to a page, ਀戀甀琀 琀攀渀搀猀 琀漀 挀栀椀瀀 椀昀 昀氀攀砀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀一漀琀 漀渀氀礀 搀漀攀猀 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀 昀愀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀欀 椀猀 琀栀攀 瀀愀瀀攀爀✀猀 眀漀爀猀琀 ഊenemy. Adding any acid content to paper leads towards its eventual ਀戀爀攀愀欀搀漀眀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 洀漀猀琀 眀漀漀搀ⴀ瀀甀氀瀀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 礀攀氀氀漀眀 愀渀搀 昀氀愀欀攀⸀ഊ ਀䴀愀渀礀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 愀挀椀搀ⴀ昀爀攀攀Ⰰ 攀椀琀栀攀爀 戀礀 琀栀攀 渀愀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 漀爀 琀栀攀 ഊprocess used to create them. But that property can be destroyed by using ਀愀渀 愀挀椀搀椀挀 椀渀欀⸀ഊ ਀                        䄀氀攀欀猀愀渀搀爀 琀栀攀 吀爀愀瘀攀氀氀攀爀ഊ Who frequently has to warn people about "those little apples" ਀                  愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 漀搀搀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀爀攀攀稀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: cav at bnr.ca (Rick Cavasin) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: request Oak Gall ink ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㄀㄀ 䐀攀挀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀 ㄀㐀㨀㔀㈀㨀　㠀 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Bell-Northern Research Ltd. ਀ഊIn article <8B6851F.02DE00E663.uuout at compudata.com>, david.razler at compudata.com (DAVID RAZLER) writes: ਀簀㸀 ഊ|> DJ>Janet Lueck wrote: ਀簀㸀 ഊ|> DJ>>I am interested in finding a workable recipe for making ink from oak ਀簀㸀 䐀䨀㸀最愀氀氀猀⸀  䤀  ഊ|> DJ>>appreciate any help you can give me. Thanks! ਀簀㸀 ഊ|> I would *avoid* using oak galls as anything more than a mordant, and ਀簀㸀 琀栀攀渀Ⰰ 漀渀氀礀 昀漀爀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 漀渀攀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 氀漀渀最⸀ഊ ਀䠀漀眀 氀漀渀最 椀猀 ✀氀漀渀最✀㼀  䴀愀渀礀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 眀椀琀栀 椀爀漀渀 最愀氀氀漀ⴀ琀愀渀渀愀琀攀ഊinks have survived reasonably well. Some have been damaged by the ink, but ਀琀栀椀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 瀀愀爀琀氀礀 搀甀攀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瀀攀爀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀欀⸀ഊ ਀簀㸀 伀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 愀爀攀 爀椀挀栀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 琀愀渀渀椀挀 愀挀椀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀礀 挀愀渀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 ഊ|> to make a brown dye, the dye fades much faster than that made of ਀簀㸀 氀愀洀瀀戀氀愀挀欀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀猀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀 愀最攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 戀椀渀搀猀 椀琀 琀漀 愀 瀀愀最攀Ⰰ ഊ|> but tends to chip if flexed. ਀ഊBut iron gallo-tannate inks were the most commonly used inks in our period (in ਀䔀甀爀漀瀀攀⤀⸀  匀甀爀攀氀礀Ⰰ 椀昀 猀漀洀攀漀渀攀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 洀漀爀攀 愀甀琀栀攀渀琀椀挀 爀攀瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀ഊshould be trying to figure out why some inks destroyed their support while ਀漀琀栀攀爀猀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀Ⰰ 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 愀瘀漀椀搀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 椀渀欀 攀渀琀椀爀攀氀礀⸀ഊ ਀簀㸀 一漀琀 漀渀氀礀 搀漀攀猀 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀 昀愀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀欀 椀猀 琀栀攀 瀀愀瀀攀爀✀猀 眀漀爀猀琀 ഊ|> enemy. Adding any acid content to paper leads towards its eventual ਀簀㸀 戀爀攀愀欀搀漀眀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 洀漀猀琀 眀漀漀搀ⴀ瀀甀氀瀀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 礀攀氀氀漀眀 愀渀搀 昀氀愀欀攀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 愀戀漀甀琀 瀀愀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀椀琀栀 瀀愀爀挀栀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 最愀氀氀椀挀 愀渀搀 琀愀渀渀椀挀 愀挀椀搀 椀猀ഊnot the main culprit in the breakdown. From my admittedly limited reading ਀漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 䤀 最攀琀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀 䘀攀爀爀漀甀猀 猀甀氀瀀栀愀琀攀 愀搀搀攀搀ഊto make the ink black that is the main agent in damaging the parchment. It ਀猀攀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 琀爀椀挀欀 椀猀 琀漀 甀猀攀 樀甀猀琀 攀渀漀甀最栀 昀攀爀爀漀甀猀 猀甀氀瀀栀愀琀攀 琀漀 琀甀爀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀欀ഊblack, but not so much that there is a large residue that will breakdown the ਀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀  圀栀攀琀栀攀爀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 氀椀欀攀 昀攀爀爀漀甀猀 愀挀攀琀愀琀攀 ⠀漀戀琀愀椀渀攀搀 戀礀 搀椀猀猀漀氀瘀椀渀最ഊiron in vinegar) are more forgiving I cannot say. ਀ഊ|> Many papers are acid-free, either by the nature of the material or the ਀簀㸀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 䈀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 挀愀渀 戀攀 搀攀猀琀爀漀礀攀搀 戀礀 甀猀椀渀最 ഊ|> an acidic ink. ਀ഊHigh quality paper and (real) parchment/vellum will have a certain buffering ਀挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 渀攀甀琀爀愀氀椀稀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀洀漀甀渀琀猀 漀昀 愀挀椀搀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀椀氀攀 挀愀甀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀 戀攀 攀砀攀爀挀椀猀攀搀 椀渀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀椀渀最 椀爀漀渀ⴀ最愀氀氀漀ⴀ琀愀渀渀愀琀攀ഊinks, if it were as destructive as you say, we'd have precious few surviving ਀洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 漀甀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  匀漀洀攀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 搀愀洀愀最攀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 洀愀渀礀 愀爀攀 猀琀椀氀氀ഊuseable. ਀ഊAnd don't even get me started about oddments in freezers... ਀ഊCheers, Balderik (who aspires to having room in the freezer for food someday) ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 圀䤀匀䠀 愀琀 甀爀椀愀挀挀⸀甀爀椀⸀䔀䐀唀 ⠀倀攀琀攀爀 刀漀猀攀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 䤀渀欀⸀ഊDate: 7 Dec 1995 17:27:43 -0500 ਀ഊ>I am interested in finding a workable recipe for making ink from oak galls. I ਀㸀愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀礀 栀攀氀瀀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 最椀瘀攀 洀攀⸀  吀栀愀渀欀猀℀ഊ ਀圀攀氀氀Ⰰ 䤀 欀渀漀眀 昀漀爀 愀 昀愀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 吀栀攀漀瀀栀漀氀椀猀✀ 开伀渀 䐀椀瘀攀爀猀 䄀爀琀猀开 栀愀猀 愀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀ഊusing logwood, which ought to be the same process. ਀ഊTake logwood, cut in the spring, just as the sap starts to run, ਀挀甀琀 椀琀Ⰰ 氀攀琀 椀琀 搀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀栀愀搀攀 昀漀爀 㐀 眀攀攀欀猀⸀  戀攀愀琀 琀栀攀 戀愀爀欀 漀昀昀ഊwith a stick, let that steep in rainwater in an iron cauldron ਀昀漀爀 㠀 眀攀攀欀猀Ⰰ 琀愀欀攀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 戀愀爀欀Ⰰ 戀漀椀氀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀 戀愀爀欀 戀愀挀欀 椀渀Ⰰഊchanging the bark periodically until you're down to 1/3, ਀愀搀搀 猀漀洀攀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 挀栀攀愀瀀 爀攀搀 眀椀渀攀Ⰰ ⠀栀愀氀昀 愀猀 洀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀椀渀最ഊwater?) and boil it down until it becomes pudding-like. ਀氀攀琀 椀琀 搀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀渀 椀渀 愀 瀀愀爀挀栀洀攀渀琀 戀愀最⸀ഊWhen you want to use some liquify it with more cheap red wine, ਀椀昀 椀琀✀猀 渀漀琀 搀愀爀欀 攀渀漀甀最栀Ⰰ 瀀氀甀渀最攀 爀攀搀ⴀ栀漀琀 椀爀漀渀 椀渀琀漀 椀琀⸀ഊ ਀䘀漀爀 漀愀欀ⴀ最愀氀氀 ⠀漀愀欀 戀愀爀欀 眀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀✀猀 氀攀猀猀 琀愀渀渀椀渀 椀渀 椀琀⸀⤀ഊI'd pulverize the oak-gall, and let it sit in a bucket with ਀愀 戀甀渀挀栀 漀昀 椀爀漀渀 渀愀椀氀猀Ⰰ 猀琀攀攀氀 眀漀漀氀Ⰰ 攀琀挀Ⰰ 甀渀琀椀氀 椀琀✀猀 猀琀愀爀琀椀渀最ഊto rot, then boil it down. I tried it with oak bark and no ਀眀椀渀攀 愀渀搀 最漀琀 愀 眀愀琀攀爀礀ⴀ氀漀漀欀椀渀最 洀攀搀椀甀洀ⴀ戀爀漀眀渀 猀琀愀椀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀ഊyou wrote with it, slowly got darker over time. ਀ഊIn case you weren't expecting it, the boiling process smells a lot. ਀⨀䤀⨀ 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 猀洀攀氀氀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 挀栀愀渀挀攀猀 愀爀攀Ⰰ 礀漀甀爀 栀漀甀猀攀洀愀琀攀猀 眀漀渀✀琀⸀ഊdo the boiling outside, on a charcoal grill or something. ਀ഊ --Azelin ਀ഊPeter G. Rose | Azelin Cola | Ralph, the Carter, | ਀倀伀 䈀漀砀 ㌀　㜀㈀Ⰰ      簀 漀昀 圀椀猀栀昀漀爀搀Ⰰ 簀 漀昀 吀爀漀氀氀栀愀瘀攀渀      簀ഊKingston RI 02881 | Bridge, E.K. | | ਀⠀㐀　㄀⤀ 㜀㤀㈀ⴀ㈀㌀　㄀    簀 䜀甀⸀ 愀 琀攀爀渀 洀椀最爀愀渀琀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㌀ 儀甀愀琀爀攀昀漀椀氀猀 䄀爀⸀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: cav at bnr.ca (Rick Cavasin) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Oak Gall Ink. ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㠀 䐀攀挀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀 ㄀㌀㨀㐀㜀㨀　　 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Bell-Northern Research Ltd. ਀ഊWISH at uriacc.uri.EDU (Peter Rose) writes: ਀簀㸀 ഊ|> Well, I know for a fact that Theopholis' _On Divers Arts_ has a recipe ਀簀㸀 甀猀椀渀最 氀漀最眀漀漀搀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 戀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀ഊ|> ਀簀㸀 吀愀欀攀 氀漀最眀漀漀搀Ⰰ 挀甀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 樀甀猀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀 猀愀瀀 猀琀愀爀琀猀 琀漀 爀甀渀Ⰰഊ ^^^^^^^^ ਀ഊWhoa there big fella! I'd double check that! Logwood is the common name for ਀愀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 愀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 琀爀攀攀 琀栀愀琀 礀椀攀氀搀猀 愀 瀀甀爀瀀氀攀⼀戀氀甀攀 搀礀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 戀攀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀琀攀搀ഊto black with an iron mordant. Unfortunately, it was not available in Europe ਀甀渀琀椀氀 猀漀洀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀昀琀攀爀 䌀漀氀甀洀戀甀猀✀ 瘀漀礀愀最攀猀⸀  䴀礀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 吀栀攀漀瀀栀椀氀甀猀 椀猀 愀琀 栀漀洀攀Ⰰഊbut I seem to remember that the recipe you cite involved branches of some sort ਀漀昀 戀甀猀栀ⴀ氀椀欀攀 琀爀攀攀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 栀愀眀琀栀漀爀渀攀⸀  䔀瘀攀渀 椀昀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 眀漀爀氀搀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀ഊseveral centuries earlier, Theophilus would hardly be able to specify how the ਀眀漀漀搀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀甀琀 愀渀搀 搀爀椀攀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀愀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 漀甀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 椀琀ഊwas shipped to Europe. This recipe is very likely just using an alternate ਀猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 琀愀渀渀椀渀 ⠀漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 愀爀攀 樀甀猀琀 漀渀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀ഊdye found in logwood. ਀ഊCheers, Rick/Balderik ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 圀䤀匀䠀 愀琀 甀爀椀愀挀挀⸀甀爀椀⸀䔀䐀唀 ⠀倀攀琀攀爀 刀漀猀攀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 䤀渀欀ഊDate: 13 Dec 1995 15:49:04 -0500 ਀ഊ>|> Well, I know for a fact that Theopholis' _On Divers Arts_ has a recipe ਀㸀簀㸀 甀猀椀渀最 氀漀最眀漀漀搀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 戀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀ഊ>|> ਀㸀簀㸀 吀愀欀攀 氀漀最眀漀漀搀Ⰰ 挀甀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 樀甀猀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀 猀愀瀀 猀琀愀爀琀猀 琀漀 爀甀渀Ⰰഊ> ^^^^^^^^ ਀㸀圀栀漀愀 琀栀攀爀攀 戀椀最 昀攀氀氀愀℀  䤀✀搀 搀漀甀戀氀攀 挀栀攀挀欀 琀栀愀琀℀  䰀漀最眀漀漀搀 椀猀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 渀愀洀攀 昀漀爀ഊ>a central american tree that yields a purple/blue dye which can be converted ਀㸀琀漀 戀氀愀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 椀爀漀渀 洀漀爀搀愀渀琀⸀  唀渀昀漀爀琀甀渀愀琀攀氀礀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀ഊ>until some time after Columbus' voyages. My copy of Theophilus is at home, ਀㸀戀甀琀 䤀 猀攀攀洀 琀漀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 礀漀甀 挀椀琀攀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 戀爀愀渀挀栀攀猀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 猀漀爀琀ഊ>of bush-like tree, perhaps hawthorne. Even if the new world had been discovere ਀ഊYou're right. I misremembered. The Logwood recipe is from some ਀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 䤀 最漀琀 昀爀漀洀 䰀椀渀搀猀愀礀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䈀漀漀欀猀⸀  䤀 搀甀最 甀瀀ഊmy copy of theophilus, and extracted a functional recipe, ਀⠀眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 猀漀爀琀 漀昀 挀氀漀猀攀 琀漀 眀栀愀琀 䤀 瀀漀猀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀 戀椀琀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀  瀀漀猀琀攀搀 琀栀攀ഊthing at http://131.128.2.49/ink.html If anyone's still looking ਀昀漀爀 椀琀⸀   吀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 瀀愀爀琀 䤀 渀漀眀 搀漀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 爀椀最栀琀 椀猀㨀  圀栀愀琀✀猀 最爀攀攀渀 瘀椀琀爀椀漀氀㼀ഊ ਀                             ⴀⴀ䄀稀攀氀椀渀ഊ ਀倀攀琀攀爀 䜀⸀ 刀漀猀攀     簀 䄀稀攀氀椀渀 䌀漀氀愀  簀 刀愀氀瀀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䌀愀爀琀攀爀Ⰰ 簀ഊPO Box 3072, | of Wishford, | of Trollhaven | ਀䬀椀渀最猀琀漀渀 刀䤀 　㈀㠀㠀㄀ 簀 䈀爀椀搀最攀Ⰰ 䔀⸀䬀⸀ 簀                    簀ഊ(401) 792-2301 | Gu. a tern migrant between 3 Quatrefoils Ar. ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 挀愀瘀 愀琀 戀渀爀⸀挀愀 ⠀刀椀挀欀 䌀愀瘀愀猀椀渀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 䤀渀欀ഊDate: 13 Dec 1995 22:22:45 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䈀攀氀氀ⴀ一漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䰀琀搀⸀ഊ ਀簀㸀 夀漀甀✀爀攀 爀椀最栀琀⸀  䤀 洀椀猀爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀攀搀⸀  吀栀攀 䰀漀最眀漀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 椀猀 昀爀漀洀 猀漀洀攀ഊ|> chemistry handbook I got from Lindsay Technical Books. I dug up ਀簀㸀 洀礀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀漀瀀栀椀氀甀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀 愀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀Ⰰഊ|> (which was sort of close to what I posted, a bit), and posted the ਀簀㸀 琀栀椀渀最 愀琀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀㄀㌀㄀⸀㄀㈀㠀⸀㈀⸀㐀㤀⼀椀渀欀⸀栀琀洀氀  䤀昀 愀渀礀漀渀攀✀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最ഊ|> for it. The only part I now don't have right is: What's green vitriol? ਀ഊProbably ferrous sulphate, which I think was also called 'Roman Vitriol'. ਀匀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 昀漀爀 椀爀漀渀 椀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最 最愀氀氀漀ⴀ琀愀渀渀愀琀攀 椀渀欀猀⸀  吀栀愀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 䘀攀爀爀漀甀猀ഊacetate, which would have been the second most likely source of iron. ਀ഊI know, I know, I should look the stuff up, but all my books are at home.... ਀ഊCheers, Balderik/Rick ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 氀甀渀愀氀甀砀 愀琀 戀椀琀猀琀爀攀愀洀⸀一䔀吀 ⠀䰀甀渀愀氀甀砀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀攀愀氀椀渀最 眀愀砀Ⰰ 猀攀愀氀猀 ☀ 眀爀椀琀椀渀最 椀渀欀猀ഊDate: 12 Sep 1996 23:19:25 -0400 ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䰀甀渀愀氀甀砀 䄀爀琀 ☀ 䐀攀猀椀最渀 圀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀ഊ ਀䜀爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀 ⴀ 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 瀀愀猀琀 瀀漀猀琀椀渀最猀 漀渀 猀攀愀氀椀渀最 眀愀砀Ⰰ 猀攀愀氀猀 ☀ 椀渀欀 椀渀 ഊthe digest and thought I would offer some further information. ਀ഊ I have been making sealing wax and custom seals in my studio for a few ਀礀攀愀爀猀⸀ 䴀漀猀琀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀Ⰰ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最 琀栀爀攀攀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最 椀渀欀猀 昀爀漀洀 漀氀搀 ഊrecipes. These are SEPIA from cuttlefish ink, INDIGO, from Indigo plant ਀愀渀搀 漀昀 挀漀甀爀猀攀 䤀刀伀一ⴀ䜀䄀䰀䰀 椀渀欀⸀ഊ ਀䰀甀渀愀氀甀砀 椀猀 愀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 氀攀琀琀攀爀瀀爀攀猀猀 猀琀甀搀椀漀 椀渀 䴀椀渀渀攀愀瀀漀氀椀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 栀愀瀀瀀礀 琀漀 攀渀琀攀爀琀愀椀渀 愀渀礀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀 挀愀渀 戀攀 爀攀愀挀栀攀搀 ㄀　ⴀ㘀 ഊcentral time at: ਀ഊ Lunalux art & design workshop: 1618 Harmon Place Mpls.,MN 55403 ਀      吀攀氀攀瀀栀漀渀攀㬀 㘀㄀㈀ⴀ㌀㜀㌀ⴀ　㔀㈀㘀    䘀愀砀㨀 㘀㄀㈀ⴀ㘀㜀㌀ⴀ　㘀㜀㄀ഊ Lunalux at bitstream.net ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ 㐀 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㄀㈀㨀㐀㜀㨀　㠀 ⴀ　㐀　　 ⠀䔀䐀吀⤀ഊFrom: PamD956 at aol.com ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Oak Gall Recipe? ਀ഊ<< Greetings all, I have collected what I believe to be oak galls ਀ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 渀漀眀 氀椀欀攀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 漀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀洀 渀攀砀琀 椀渀 琀攀爀洀猀ഊ of making oak gall ink for some of my calliging friends. ਀ 䄀渀礀 漀渀攀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 最漀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀㼀ഊ Lady Isabeau Pferdebandiger, Constellation Region, Middle ਀  㸀㸀ഊ ਀䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 椀昀 椀琀✀猀 愀 最漀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 戀甀琀 椀琀 椀猀 愀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀渀攀⸀⸀⸀ 琀愀欀攀渀 昀爀漀洀 䰀漀猀琀ഊCountry Life, page 324: ਀∀䄀渀 攀愀爀氀礀 洀攀搀椀愀攀瘀愀氀 椀渀欀 眀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 戀氀愀挀欀琀栀漀爀渀 戀愀爀欀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 洀愀挀攀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀ഊrain water till the black powdery deposit formed a thick deposit at the ਀戀漀琀琀漀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀渀 猀琀爀愀椀渀攀搀 漀昀昀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀氀愀挀欀 爀攀猀椀搀甀攀 眀愀猀 搀爀椀攀搀Ⰰഊmixed with (cherry and apple bark gums) , and ground down. Other inks were ਀洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀⸀∀  䤀琀 愀氀猀漀 猀愀礀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 椀渀欀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 吀甀猀猀攀爀✀猀 戀漀漀欀猀 眀愀猀ഊoil bound, which accounted for it's long lasting color. ਀ഊLost Country Life by Dorothy Hartley ਀倀愀渀琀栀攀漀渀 戀漀漀欀猀 挀⸀ ㄀㤀㜀㤀ഊISBN 0-304-51036-4 ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ 㔀 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 　㠀㨀㄀㄀㨀㄀㘀 ⬀㈀㈀㌀　　㐀㔀㐀 ⠀䔀匀吀⤀ഊFrom: karen at addl.purdue.edu (Karen Stegmeier) ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: oak galls ਀ഊ Alban asked about what oak galls look like.. ਀圀栀愀琀 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 漀渀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 漀甀爀 礀漀甀渀最攀爀 漀愀欀 琀爀攀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 戀爀漀眀渀 戀愀氀氀猀ഊattached to the side of the twigs. Some had holes in them where the ਀氀椀琀琀攀 椀渀猀攀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀甀猀攀猀 琀栀攀洀 栀愀搀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 栀愀琀挀栀攀搀⸀  䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 ഊseemed fairly large-almost as big as the end of my finger and those were ਀猀洀漀漀琀栀 愀渀搀 渀甀琀琀礀 戀爀漀眀渀 椀渀 挀漀氀漀爀 眀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀 漀氀搀攀爀 漀渀攀猀 琀栀愀琀ഊhad shriveled up and were more of a grey/brown. ਀ഊHas anyone ever gotten the Oak Gall Ink Kit from the Gabriel guild and ਀最漀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀㼀  ⴀ䰀愀搀礀 䤀猀愀戀攀愀甀 倀昀攀爀搀攀戀愀渀搀椀最攀爀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Thu, 5 Jun 1997 22:52:31 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䴀愀爀最爀椀琀琀攀 㰀洀愀爀最爀椀琀琀 愀琀 洀椀渀搀猀瀀爀椀渀最⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 刀攀挀椀瀀攀㼀 ⠀䰀漀渀最 爀攀瀀氀礀⤀ഊ ਀㸀ऀ䜀爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀 愀氀氀Ⰰ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 眀栀愀琀 䤀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀漀 戀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀ഊ>I would now like to find out what to do with them next in terms ਀㸀漀昀 洀愀欀椀渀最 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 洀礀 挀愀氀氀椀最椀渀最 昀爀椀攀渀搀猀⸀ഊ>Any one out there have a good recipe? ਀㸀䰀愀搀礀 䤀猀愀戀攀愀甀 倀昀攀爀搀攀戀愀渀搀椀最攀爀Ⰰ 䌀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 刀攀最椀漀渀Ⰰ 䴀椀搀搀氀攀ഊ ਀䤀 洀愀搀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀 樀甀猀琀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 昀漀爀 漀甀爀 䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 䄀☀匀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䠀攀爀攀 椀猀ഊthe relevant portion of my documentation. I also made vineblack ink and ਀椀渀瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 椀渀欀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ䴀愀爀最爀椀琀琀攀ഊ ਀伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 䤀渀欀猀ഊ ਀ऀ吀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 椀渀欀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀 眀愀猀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 愀 搀礀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊnot a suspension of pigments. Tannic acid, when mixed with iron salts, ਀瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀猀 愀 搀愀爀欀 搀礀攀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 攀瘀攀渀 戀氀愀挀欀攀爀 愀猀 椀琀 漀砀椀搀椀稀攀猀 漀渀 攀砀瀀漀猀甀爀攀 琀漀ഊair. Tannic acid occurs naturally in oak trees, but large concentrations of ਀椀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ∀最愀氀氀猀∀ 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 愀渀 椀渀猀攀挀琀ഊbites an oak, the tree reacts by concentrating tannins in that point. The ਀琀愀渀渀椀渀猀 愀爀攀 瀀漀椀猀漀渀漀甀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 椀渀猀攀挀琀⸀ 䄀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀眀攀氀氀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀爀欀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀ഊthe tree from further damage. These galls were harvested, soaked in water ਀愀渀搀 洀椀砀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 椀爀漀渀 猀愀氀琀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 愀 昀椀渀攀 椀渀欀⸀ഊ Medieval calligraphers sometimes found that the oak gall ink did ਀渀漀琀 洀愀欀攀 愀 搀愀爀欀 攀渀漀甀最栀 氀椀渀攀 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 眀愀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 椀昀 愀ഊfine-tipped pen was used. Many recipes from late medieval English texts ਀爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀 戀甀爀渀椀渀最 愀 戀椀琀 漀昀 瀀愀爀挀栀洀攀渀琀 漀爀 瀀愀瀀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀搀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀漀漀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀ഊoak gall ink to make it more readable (Thompson. p. 84). ਀ഊ ਀ऀ∀䄀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䠀漀洀攀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀椀漀渀∀ 最椀瘀攀猀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀㨀ഊ ਀吀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀椀渀琀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀欀㨀 吀愀欀攀 最愀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 最甀洀Ⰰ 琀眀漀 漀甀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊthree ounces of copperas*. Crush the galls and soak them for three days. ਀吀栀攀渀 戀漀椀氀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 琀栀爀攀攀 焀甀愀爀琀攀猀 漀昀 爀愀椀渀 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀愀琀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 愀 猀琀椀氀氀 瀀漀漀氀⸀ഊWhen they have boiled enough and the water is almost half-boiled away ਀⠀䤀⸀攀⸀Ⰰ 渀漀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀椀渀琀攀猀 愀爀攀 氀攀昀琀⤀Ⰰ 琀愀欀攀 椀琀 漀昀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀攀Ⰰ 愀搀搀 琀栀攀ഊcopperas and gum, and stir it until it is cold. Then put it in a cold, damp ਀瀀氀愀挀攀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀爀攀攀 眀攀攀欀猀 椀琀 猀瀀漀椀氀猀⸀ ⠀䈀愀礀愀爀搀Ⰰ 瀀⸀ ㄀㌀㤀⤀⸀ ⨀一漀琀攀㨀䌀漀瀀瀀攀爀愀猀 椀猀ഊferrous sulfate. ਀ഊ While this is a really neat period recipe, and one which I may ਀愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 琀爀礀 猀漀洀攀搀愀礀Ⰰ 䤀 搀攀挀椀搀攀搀 琀漀 甀猀攀 愀 洀甀挀栀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀爀 洀攀琀栀漀搀 猀甀最最攀猀琀攀搀 戀礀ഊseveral calligraphy books and conversations with calligraphers: a simple ਀洀椀砀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀甀猀琀礀 渀愀椀氀猀⸀ഊ ਀ऀ䘀椀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀ഊexperiment. Although oak galls are usually found in late summer or autumn, ਀䤀 眀愀猀 氀甀挀欀礀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 洀椀渀攀 椀渀 攀愀爀氀礀 猀瀀爀椀渀最⸀ 䤀 瀀椀挀欀攀搀 愀 猀挀愀渀琀 栀愀渀搀昀甀氀ഊand put them in a baby food jar with just enough water to cover them well. ਀圀椀琀栀椀渀 愀 昀攀眀 栀漀甀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 眀愀猀 搀愀爀欀 戀爀漀眀渀 ⠀猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀ഊsprings near cypress trees, which also contain tannin). ਀ഊ The next day, I added a few rusty nails to provide the iron for the ਀洀椀砀琀甀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀欀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 戀氀愀挀欀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 愀琀 漀渀挀攀⸀ 䤀 氀攀昀琀 椀琀 猀椀琀琀椀渀最 椀渀 愀 猀甀渀渀礀ഊwindowsill for the next few weeks, shaking it occasionally to mix it. ਀ഊ Eventually, I noticed that the mixture had a tendency to separate ਀漀甀琀Ⰰ 氀攀愀瘀椀渀最 愀氀洀漀猀琀 瀀甀爀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 愀琀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀⸀ 䤀 搀爀愀椀渀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 漀昀昀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀ഊeye-dropper. Also, the ink had a thin oily film on the surface which was ਀猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 甀渀攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀⸀ 䤀 猀琀爀愀椀渀攀搀 琀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 欀椀琀挀栀攀渀ഊstrainer to remove what was left of the galls and nails. ਀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀ഊ _A Medieval Home Companion; Housekeeping in the Fourteenth ਀䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀开Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 攀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 吀愀渀椀愀 䈀愀礀愀爀搀⸀ 䠀愀爀瀀攀爀 倀攀爀攀渀渀椀愀氀Ⰰ 愀ഊdivision of Harper Collins Publishers; New York: 1992. ਀ऀ吀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀渀 愀戀爀椀搀最攀搀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ∀䰀攀 洀攀渀愀最椀攀爀 搀攀 倀愀爀椀猀∀Ⰰ 愀渀ഊinstruction book written by an elderly gentleman who had married a bride of ਀昀椀昀琀攀攀渀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀椀猀 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ 栀攀 琀爀椀攀搀 琀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 攀瘀攀爀礀琀栀椀渀最 猀栀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀ഊknow to be a model wife. The original manuscript has been lost, but there ਀愀爀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 挀漀瀀椀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 昀椀昀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀搀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀ഊonly one of the several translations that have been made. ਀ഊ _The Materials and Techniques of Medieval Painting_, by Daniel V. ਀吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 昀漀爀攀眀愀爀搀 戀礀 䈀攀爀渀愀爀搀 䈀攀爀攀渀猀漀渀⸀ 䐀漀瘀攀爀 倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 䤀渀挀⸀ⰀഊNew York: 1956. ਀ऀ䄀渀 椀渀攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀瘀攀 䐀漀瘀攀爀 瀀愀瀀攀爀戀愀挀欀⸀ 䤀琀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀攀猀 搀爀愀眀椀渀最ഊsurfaces, pigments, binding media, metals, and more. However, it tends to ਀戀攀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 漀瀀椀渀椀漀渀愀琀攀搀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 戀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ഊ ਀ऀ开䤀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 䴀漀搀攀爀渀 䌀愀氀氀椀最爀愀瀀栀攀爀猀㨀 倀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 䤀搀攀愀猀 昀爀漀洀ഊNineteenth-Century Handbooks_, by Christopher Jarman. Watson-Guptill ਀倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 ㄀㤀㠀㠀⸀ഊ This book is largely based on Ernest Guillot's L'Ornementation, ਀瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 倀愀爀椀猀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㤀　⸀ 䤀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀漀爀搀猀Ⰰ 嘀椀挀琀漀爀椀愀渀 挀愀氀氀椀最爀愀瀀栀礀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀ഊmedieval designs. Nonetheless, it has a short but informative section on ਀椀渀欀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 氀漀琀猀 漀昀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀 搀爀愀眀渀 昀爀漀洀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀ഊ-------------------------------------------------------------------- ਀䜀爀礀瀀栀漀渀✀猀 䴀漀漀渀 ⴀ 䌀栀攀挀欀 漀甀琀 漀甀爀 眀攀戀 挀愀琀愀氀漀最 愀琀㨀ഊhttp://www.mindspring.com/~maclain/ ਀伀爀 攀洀愀椀氀 甀猀 愀琀 最爀礀瀀栀漀渀猀⸀洀漀漀渀 愀琀 洀椀渀搀猀瀀爀椀渀最⸀挀漀洀ഊ-------------------------------------------------------------------- ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ 㤀 䨀甀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 　㠀㨀㈀㌀㨀　　 ⬀㈀㈀㌀　　㐀㔀㐀 ⠀䔀匀吀⤀ഊFrom: karen at addl.purdue.edu (Karen Stegmeier) ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: manuscript stuff ਀ഊ I don't know if anyone else has already mentioned this or not ਀猀椀渀挀攀 䤀 愀洀 渀漀琀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 眀愀琀挀栀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 瀀漀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 挀氀漀猀攀氀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀ഊThere is a wonderful supplier of period manuscript goods including ਀欀椀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀欀椀渀最 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀欀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀欀猀Ⰰ 瘀攀氀氀甀洀 攀琀挀⸀ഊIt is The Gabriel Guild. I believe they are out of New York and somewhat ਀愀昀昀椀氀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䴀攀琀爀漀瀀漀氀椀琀愀渀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 漀昀 䄀爀琀⸀  吀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀漀 戀攀ഊat Pennsic. I picked up a catalog last year when I bought some gold leaf ਀吀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 䤀渀欀 刀攀挀椀瀀攀⼀欀椀琀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 愀洀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 最攀琀琀椀渀最ഊ ਀ⴀ䤀猀愀戀攀愀甀 倀昀攀爀搀攀戀愀渀搀椀最攀爀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Wed, 26 Aug 1998 08:45:38 -0700 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䜀椀渀愀 䰀⸀ 䠀椀氀氀∀ 㰀栀攀欀愀瘀 愀琀 最琀攀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀䤀渀欀 昀爀漀洀 匀漀漀琀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀愀欀愀猀栀愀 愀琀 最琀攀⸀渀攀琀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Ahhh...I feel a new thread coming on. How do you make ink from soot? ਀㸀ഊ> Lady Joanna ਀ഊQuoting from the Anglo-Saxon and Viking Crafts - Manuscript Production ਀眀攀戀瀀愀最攀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 愀 猀漀漀琀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀渀攀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀漀爀渀眀漀漀搀⸀⸀⸀㨀ഊ ਀∀䠀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 椀渀欀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀㬀∀ഊ ਀∀吀愀欀攀 愀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀 漀昀 愀氀戀甀洀攀渀 ⠀攀最最 眀栀椀琀攀⤀ 愀渀搀 洀椀砀 琀栀漀甀爀漀甀最栀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 猀漀漀琀⸀ഊThen add honey and mix into a smooth paste. The ink is then ready to ਀甀猀攀⸀∀ഊThe site which has several other recipes quoted from "On divers arts" by ਀吀栀攀漀瀀栀椀氀甀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 䐀漀瘀攀爀 䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ 䤀匀䈀一 　ⴀ㐀㠀㘀ⴀ㈀㌀㜀㠀㐀ⴀ㈀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀琀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀氀礀 琀爀椀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 ⨀礀攀琀⨀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 椀渀琀攀渀搀 琀漀℀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀 洀漀猀琀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 猀椀琀攀℀  䰀漀琀猀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 琀椀搀戀椀琀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最ഊinstructions for cutting a proper and functional feather quill...to use ਀眀椀琀栀 礀漀甀爀 椀渀欀⸀  䔀渀樀漀礀℀ഊ ਀䠀攀爀攀✀猀 琀栀攀 唀刀䰀㨀ഊhttp://www.ftech.net/%7Eregia/quill3.htm ਀ഊEleanor of Leycestershyre ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㈀㘀 䄀甀最 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㈀㄀㨀　㐀㨀㈀　 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Elyse Boucher <70521.3645 at compuserve.com> ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䤀一吀䔀刀一䔀吀㨀猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊSubject: SCA-ARTS digest 504 ਀ഊLady Joanna Scripsit: ਀䄀栀栀栀⸀⸀⸀䤀 昀攀攀氀 愀 渀攀眀 琀栀爀攀愀搀 挀漀洀椀渀最 漀渀⸀  䠀漀眀 搀漀 礀漀甀 洀愀欀攀 椀渀欀 昀爀漀洀 猀漀漀琀㼀ഊ ਀䰀愀搀礀 䨀漀愀渀渀愀ഊ------- ਀䤀昀 礀漀甀 最漀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 氀椀渀欀 礀漀甀✀氀氀 昀椀渀搀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀椀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀欀椀渀最 椀渀欀ഊfrom soot. ਀ഊhttp://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Library/ink.html ਀ഊI have a number of medieval ink receipts online, as well as the rough draft ਀漀昀 洀礀 漀眀渀 琀爀愀渀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 开吀栀攀 䄀爀琀攀 漀昀 䰀椀洀洀椀渀最开Ⰰ 猀漀 礀漀甀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀ഊfind lots of information on the scribal sciences. :) ਀ഊSince I read the digest version of SCA-ARTS, I'm assuming that someone has ਀愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀攀搀 礀漀甀爀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 爀攀最愀爀搀椀渀最 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀氀礀 栀漀眀 椀渀欀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀ഊsoot, but JUST IN CASE no one did, here is the *short* version: ਀ഊCollect soot into a container of some sort. Add gum arabic solution. Then ਀愀搀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀欀 琀漀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀礀⸀ 吀愀 䐀愀℀ഊ ਀䄀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 猀漀漀琀 椀猀 愀 洀愀樀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀愀渀琀 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 椀渀欀猀㬀 猀甀洀椀⼀椀渀搀椀愀 椀渀欀猀 愀氀氀 最攀琀ഊtheir black from carbon; modern stick inks are pretty much the same thing ਀愀猀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 猀漀漀琀 椀渀欀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀 眀漀爀欀 眀攀氀氀 椀渀 爀攀瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 瀀椀攀挀攀猀⸀ഊGum arabic is a plant sap commonly used in many art applications. And food ਀愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䄀渀搀 椀琀 愀氀猀漀 眀漀爀欀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 昀爀愀礀 挀栀攀挀欀㬀 䤀 爀攀愀搀 琀栀愀琀ഊin Arnold, though; have never tried it myself. :) Versatile (sp?) stuff, ਀攀栀㼀ഊ ਀䈀甀琀 䤀✀洀 搀爀椀昀琀椀渀最 渀漀眀⸀ 䄀氀愀猀⸀ഊ ਀䔀瘀攀爀 礀漀甀爀 猀攀爀瘀愀渀琀Ⰰ 䴀攀爀漀甀搀愀 倀攀渀搀爀愀礀⸀ 㨀⤀ഊ---------- ਀䴀攀爀漀甀搀愀 倀攀渀搀爀愀礀㨀 䌀愀攀爀 䄀渀琀攀爀琀栀Ⰰ 一漀爀琀栀猀栀椀攀氀搀Ⰰ 䴀椀搀搀氀攀⸀ഊ(Elyse C. Boucher: West Allis, Wisconsin, USA) ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㄀㘀 䴀愀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㈀㈀㨀㈀㘀㨀㄀㄀ ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: capriest at cs.vassar.edu (Carolyn Priest-Dorman) ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Ink Recipes ਀ഊJovian asked: ਀㸀䐀漀攀猀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 欀渀漀眀 漀昀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀爀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀欀㼀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀 眀栀漀氀攀 瀀椀氀攀 漀昀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 氀椀渀欀⸀ഊhttp://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Library/2036/ink.html ਀ഊCarolyn Priest-Dorman Thora Sharptooth ਀挀愀瀀爀椀攀猀琀  愀琀  挀猀⸀ 瘀愀猀猀愀爀⸀ 攀搀甀         䘀爀漀猀琀愀栀氀椀搀Ⰰ 䄀甀猀琀洀漀爀欀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 16 Mar 1999 22:46:30 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䬀愀爀攀渀 愀琀 猀琀椀攀爀戀愀挀栀⸀愀琀氀愀渀琀椀愀⸀猀挀愀⸀漀爀最 ⠀䰀愀爀猀搀愀琀琀攀爀Ⰰ 䬀愀爀攀渀 ⤀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 䤀渀欀 䰀椀渀欀猀ഊ ਀䘀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 椀渀欀礀 氀椀渀欀猀Ⰰ 挀栀攀挀欀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀ഊhttp://moas.atlantia.sca.org/topics/call.htm (towards the bottom of ਀琀栀攀 瀀愀最攀⤀ഊ ਀愀渀搀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀洀漀愀猀⸀愀琀氀愀渀琀椀愀⸀猀挀愀⸀漀爀最⼀琀漀瀀椀ⴀ琀椀⸀栀琀洀⌀搀礀攀猀椀渀欀猀 ⠀琀漀瀀椀挀猀 椀渀 吀䤀ഊrelating to inks, etc.) ਀ഊKaren Larsdatter ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㜀 䴀愀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀㌀㨀㐀㈀㨀㈀　 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: "Elyse C. Boucher" <70521.3645 at compuserve.com> ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: SCA-ARTS digest 706 ਀ഊgreetings from the humble scribe Merouda. ਀ഊIf you would like info on ink, first, let me suggest that you visit my ਀眀攀戀 猀椀琀攀㨀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀最攀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀⸀挀漀洀⼀䌀漀氀氀攀最攀倀愀爀欀⼀䰀椀戀爀愀爀礀⼀㈀　㌀㘀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀渀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 琀栀攀爀攀椀渀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀猀 氀椀渀欀猀 琀漀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 椀渀欀 爀攀挀椀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊalso has several ink receipts within the article itself. ਀ഊSecond, I suggest that you obtain Jack Thompson's _Medieval Inks_. ਀䄀琀 唀匀␀㠀⸀　　 瀀氀甀猀 匀☀䠀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 愀渀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 戀漀漀欀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最ഊa transcription of a 16th century book about ink making, a section ਀猀甀洀洀攀爀椀稀椀渀最 栀椀猀 漀眀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀甀洀洀攀爀椀稀椀渀最 䌀⸀ 䰀椀渀戀氀愀搀攀✀猀ഊ(sp) research on stick inks. An excellent book. The website is, I _think_ ਀氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀琀攀氀攀瀀漀爀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀縀琀挀氀 䤀昀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀渀✀琀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀氀礀 爀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 䤀ഊdo have his web site inluded in the "links" section of my website. ਀ഊThird, I suggest you scan through the bibliography on my site; there are ਀愀戀漀甀琀 ㄀㄀ 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 ⠀愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀欀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⤀ഊlocated in the section of the bibliography that deals with instructional ਀戀漀漀欀猀⸀ഊ ਀䠀漀瀀攀 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 栀攀氀瀀昀甀氀 琀漀 礀漀甀㬀 䤀✀搀 樀甀猀琀 氀椀猀琀 琀椀琀氀攀猀 昀漀爀 礀漀甀 愀渀搀 猀漀 昀漀爀琀栀Ⰰ 戀甀琀ഊI'm currently at work and so have no access to my list of specifics. :-) ਀ഊTake care, your servant, Merouda Pendray ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㄀㔀 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㈀㌀㨀㔀㤀㨀㐀㜀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: "Gryphon's Moon" ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Oak Gall Recipe? ਀ഊ> Greetings all, I have collected what I believe to be oak galls ਀㸀䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 渀漀眀 氀椀欀攀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 漀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀洀 渀攀砀琀 椀渀 琀攀爀洀猀ഊ>of making oak gall ink for some of my calliging friends. ਀㸀䄀渀礀 漀渀攀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 最漀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀㼀ഊ>Lady Isabeau Pferdebandiger, Constellation Region, Middle ਀ഊHere's part of my documentation for an entry of 3 period inks (oak ਀最愀氀氀Ⰰ 瘀椀渀攀 戀氀愀挀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀⤀㨀ഊ ਀伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀 䤀渀欀猀ഊ ਀        䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 椀渀欀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀 眀愀猀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 愀 搀礀攀Ⰰഊand not a suspension of pigments. Tannic acid, when mixed with iron ਀猀愀氀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀猀 愀 搀愀爀欀 搀礀攀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 攀瘀攀渀 戀氀愀挀欀攀爀 愀猀 椀琀 漀砀椀搀椀稀攀猀ഊon exposure to air. Tannic acid occurs naturally in oak trees, but ਀氀愀爀最攀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 椀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ∀最愀氀氀猀∀ 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀ഊsometimes produced. When an insect bites an oak, the tree reacts by ਀挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀渀最 琀愀渀渀椀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 瀀漀椀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀愀渀渀椀渀猀 愀爀攀 瀀漀椀猀漀渀漀甀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀ഊinsect. A small swelling in the bark protect the tree from further ਀搀愀洀愀最攀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 最愀氀氀猀 眀攀爀攀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀攀搀Ⰰ 猀漀愀欀攀搀 椀渀 眀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 洀椀砀攀搀 眀椀琀栀ഊiron salts to produce a fine ink. ਀        䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 挀愀氀氀椀最爀愀瀀栀攀爀猀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀ഊdid not make a dark enough line when it was first applied, especially ਀椀昀 愀 昀椀渀攀ⴀ琀椀瀀瀀攀搀 瀀攀渀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀⸀ 䴀愀渀礀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 氀愀琀攀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀ഊEnglish texts recommend burning a bit of parchment or paper and ਀愀搀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀漀漀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 椀琀 洀漀爀攀 爀攀愀搀愀戀氀攀ഊ(Thompson. p. 84). ਀ഊ "A Medieval Home Companion" gives the following recipe for ਀漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀㨀ഊ ਀吀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀椀渀琀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀欀㨀 吀愀欀攀 最愀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 最甀洀Ⰰ 琀眀漀 漀甀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀Ⰰഊand three ounces of copperas*. Crush the galls and soak them for ਀琀栀爀攀攀 搀愀礀猀⸀ 吀栀攀渀 戀漀椀氀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 琀栀爀攀攀 焀甀愀爀琀攀猀 漀昀 爀愀椀渀 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀愀琀攀爀ഊfrom a still pool. When they have boiled enough and the water is ਀愀氀洀漀猀琀 栀愀氀昀ⴀ戀漀椀氀攀搀 愀眀愀礀 ⠀䤀⸀攀⸀Ⰰ 渀漀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀椀渀琀攀猀 愀爀攀 氀攀昀琀⤀Ⰰഊtake it off the fire, add the copperas and gum, and stir it until it ਀椀猀 挀漀氀搀⸀ 吀栀攀渀 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀 愀 挀漀氀搀Ⰰ 搀愀洀瀀 瀀氀愀挀攀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀爀攀攀 眀攀攀欀猀 椀琀ഊspoils. (Bayard, p. 139). *Note:Copperas is ferrous sulfate. ਀ഊ While this is a really neat period recipe, and one which I ਀洀愀礀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 琀爀礀 猀漀洀攀搀愀礀Ⰰ 䤀 搀攀挀椀搀攀搀 琀漀 甀猀攀 愀 洀甀挀栀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀爀 洀攀琀栀漀搀ഊsuggested by several calligraphy books and conversations with ਀挀愀氀氀椀最爀愀瀀栀攀爀猀㨀 愀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 洀椀砀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀甀猀琀礀 渀愀椀氀猀⸀ഊ Oak galls are usually found in late summer or autumn. Pick a ਀猀挀愀渀琀 栀愀渀搀昀甀氀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 樀愀爀 ⠀戀愀戀礀 昀漀漀搀 樀愀爀猀 愀爀攀 愀 最爀攀愀琀ഊsize for ink experiments) with just enough water to cover them well. ਀圀椀琀栀椀渀 愀 昀攀眀 栀漀甀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 眀椀氀氀 琀甀爀渀 搀愀爀欀 戀爀漀眀渀 ⠀猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀ഊwater found in springs near cypress trees, which also contain ਀琀愀渀渀椀渀⤀⸀ 䄀搀搀 愀 昀攀眀 爀甀猀琀礀 渀愀椀氀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 椀爀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 洀椀砀琀甀爀攀⸀ഊThe ink will turn black almost at once. Leave it sitting in a sunny ਀眀椀渀搀漀眀猀椀氀氀 昀漀爀 愀 眀攀攀欀 漀爀 琀眀漀Ⰰ 猀栀愀欀椀渀最 椀琀 漀挀挀愀猀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀 琀漀 洀椀砀 椀琀⸀ഊ Eventually, you will notice that the mixture has a tendency ਀琀漀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 漀甀琀Ⰰ 氀攀愀瘀椀渀最 愀氀洀漀猀琀 瀀甀爀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 愀琀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀⸀ 䐀爀愀椀渀 琀栀椀猀 漀昀昀ഊwith an eye-dropper. Strain the final product through a kitchen ਀猀琀爀愀椀渀攀爀 琀漀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 氀攀昀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最愀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 渀愀椀氀猀⸀ഊ ਀䈀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀ഊ ਀        䄀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䠀漀洀攀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀椀漀渀㬀 䠀漀甀猀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 䘀漀甀爀琀攀攀渀琀栀ഊCentury, translated and edited by Tania Bayard. Harper Perennial, a ਀搀椀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 䠀愀爀瀀攀爀 䌀漀氀氀椀渀猀 倀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀爀猀㬀 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 ㄀㤀㤀㈀⸀ഊ This is an abridged translation of "Le menagier de Paris", an ਀椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀漀漀欀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 戀礀 愀渀 攀氀搀攀爀氀礀 最攀渀琀氀攀洀愀渀 眀栀漀 栀愀搀 洀愀爀爀椀攀搀 愀ഊbride of fifteen. In this book, he tried to include everything she ਀眀漀甀氀搀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 欀渀漀眀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 洀漀搀攀氀 眀椀昀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 栀愀猀ഊbeen lost, but there are three copies from the fifteenth century ਀眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀搀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 漀渀氀礀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀ഊthat have been made. ਀ഊ The Materials and Techniques of Medieval Painting, by Daniel ਀嘀⸀ 吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 昀漀爀攀眀愀爀搀 戀礀 䈀攀爀渀愀爀搀 䈀攀爀攀渀猀漀渀⸀ 䐀漀瘀攀爀 倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀ⰀഊInc., New York: 1956. ਀        䄀渀 椀渀攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀瘀攀 䐀漀瘀攀爀 瀀愀瀀攀爀戀愀挀欀⸀ 䤀琀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀攀猀ഊdrawing surfaces, pigments, binding media, metals, and more. However, ਀椀琀 琀攀渀搀猀 琀漀 戀攀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 漀瀀椀渀椀漀渀愀琀攀搀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 戀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ഊ ਀        䤀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 䴀漀搀攀爀渀 䌀愀氀氀椀最爀愀瀀栀攀爀猀㨀 倀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 䤀搀攀愀猀 昀爀漀洀ഊNineteenth-Century Handbooks, by Christopher Jarman. Watson-Guptill ਀倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 ㄀㤀㠀㠀⸀ഊ This book is largely based on Ernest Guillot's ਀䰀✀伀爀渀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 倀愀爀椀猀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㤀　⸀ 䤀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀漀爀搀猀ⰀഊVictorian calligraphy based on medieval designs. Nonetheless, it has ਀愀 猀栀漀爀琀 戀甀琀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 椀渀欀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 氀漀琀猀 漀昀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀ഊpictures drawn from period sources. ਀ഊ-Margritte ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㘀 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 　㐀㨀㈀㄀㨀㔀㌀ ⴀ　㔀　　 ⠀䌀䐀吀⤀ഊFrom: "Jack C. Thompson" ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Oak Gall Recipe? ਀ഊI'd like to correct a couple of things which Margritte explained ਀愀戀漀甀琀 椀爀漀渀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀⸀ഊ ਀㸀圀栀攀渀 愀渀 椀渀猀攀挀琀 戀椀琀攀猀 愀渀 漀愀欀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 琀爀攀攀 爀攀愀挀琀猀 戀礀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀渀最ഊ>tannins in that point. The tannins are poisonous to the insect. ਀ഊThe first part is correct. Many different insects lay their eggs ਀椀渀 漀愀欀 戀愀爀欀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 漀渀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 欀渀漀眀渀 椀猀 琀栀攀 最愀氀氀 眀愀猀瀀 ⠀䌀礀渀椀瀀猀ഊKollari). The tree considers these eggs to be an infection and ਀最爀漀眀猀 愀 眀愀爀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 最愀氀氀 琀漀 椀猀漀氀愀琀攀 琀栀攀洀⸀  䈀甀琀 琀愀渀渀椀挀 愀挀椀搀 椀猀 渀漀琀ഊpoisonous to the eggs, it is their food. ਀ഊIf you collect galls to make ink or dye, the ones with a hole ਀愀爀攀 最愀氀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 眀愀猀瀀猀 栀愀瘀攀 攀猀挀愀瀀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀搀 琀栀漀猀攀 最愀氀氀猀 栀愀瘀攀ഊless tannic acid than galls which still contain eggs. ਀ഊ>Many recipes from late medieval English texts recommend burning a ਀㸀戀椀琀 漀昀 瀀愀爀挀栀洀攀渀琀 漀爀 瀀愀瀀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀搀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀漀漀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀 椀渀欀ഊ>to make it more readable ਀㸀⠀吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀⸀ 瀀⸀ 㠀㐀⤀⸀ഊ ਀䈀甀琀 栀攀 愀氀猀漀 最漀攀猀 漀渀 琀漀 猀愀礀 琀栀愀琀 猀漀漀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 洀椀砀 眀攀氀氀 眀椀琀栀 眀愀琀攀爀ഊand iron gall ink is water with stuff in. Try it some time. ਀ഊWhile I'm at it, I may as well plug my own book, _Manuscript Inks_ ਀眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 戀攀 猀攀攀渀 漀渀 洀礀 眀攀戀 瀀愀最攀 ⠀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀琀攀氀攀瀀漀爀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀縀琀挀氀⤀ 樀甀猀琀ഊfollow the Caber Press link. ਀ഊThis book explains how to make iron gall ink and cooperas (ferrous sulfate) ਀愀渀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀 氀漀渀最 愀瀀瀀攀渀搀椀砀 戀礀 䌀氀愀攀猀 䰀椀渀搀戀氀愀搀 漀渀 䄀猀椀愀渀 猀琀椀挀欀 椀渀欀猀⸀ഊ ਀䨀愀挀欀 䌀⸀ 吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀ഊThompson Conservation Laboratory ਀㔀　㌀⼀㜀㌀㔀ⴀ㌀㤀㐀㈀  ⠀瘀漀椀挀攀⼀昀愀砀⤀ഊhttp://www.teleport.com/~tcl ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㄀㜀 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 　㜀㨀㈀㠀㨀㐀　 ⴀ　㔀　　 ⠀䌀䐀吀⤀ഊFrom: "Jack C. Thompson" ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Oak Gall Recipe? ਀ഊ>That was very interesting. I have never heard of gall ink or how they made ਀㸀椀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀⸀ഊ>Why is the acid important. Does it made a darker color on the paper or ਀㸀猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最⸀ 䴀愀爀最甀攀爀椀琀攀ഊ ਀吀愀渀渀椀挀 愀挀椀搀 眀椀氀氀 眀爀椀琀攀 漀甀琀 戀爀漀眀渀 ⠀瀀愀氀攀 琀漀 搀愀爀欀Ⰰ 搀攀瀀攀渀搀椀渀最 漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀⤀ഊon paper and parchment, but it will fade in time. So will iron gall inks, ਀椀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 愀挀椀搀Ⰰ 欀渀漀眀渀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀氀礀 愀猀 最爀攀攀渀 瘀椀琀爀椀漀氀Ⰰ 挀漀瀀瀀攀爀愀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀攀爀爀漀甀猀ഊsulphate, is added the combination will turn a dark black on the page and ਀椀琀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀⸀  䤀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀⸀  吀漀漀 洀甀挀栀 挀漀瀀瀀攀爀愀猀ഊand the ink will slowly eat holes in the paper/parchment; too little, and ਀琀栀攀 椀渀欀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 琀甀爀渀 瘀攀爀礀 戀氀愀挀欀 ⠀洀愀礀 渀漀琀 琀甀爀渀 戀氀愀挀欀 愀琀 愀氀氀 ⴀ 漀渀氀礀 漀渀攀 漀爀ഊanother shade of brown - reddish-brown). ਀ഊCopperas contains a little free sulfuric acid. In correct proportions it ਀栀愀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 愀渀 椀渀欀 椀渀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀愀渀渀椀挀 愀挀椀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 氀愀猀琀攀搀 昀漀爀ഊcenturies and does not wash out, as carbon-based inks will. ਀ഊIf carbon-based inks (watercolor paints, really. soot and gum arabic) are ਀欀攀瀀琀 搀爀礀 琀栀攀礀 愀氀猀漀 氀愀猀琀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 氀漀渀最 琀椀洀攀⸀  吀栀椀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 椀渀欀 甀猀攀搀 漀渀 䔀最礀瀀琀椀愀渀ഊpapyrus. ਀ഊJack C. Thompson ਀吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀 䌀漀渀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 䰀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Thu, 17 Jun 1999 07:28:44 -0500 (CDT) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䨀愀挀欀 䌀⸀ 吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀∀ 㰀琀挀氀 愀琀 琀攀氀攀瀀漀爀琀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 伀愀欀 䜀愀氀氀猀ഊ ਀㸀吀栀攀 漀愀欀 最愀氀氀猀 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 琀愀氀欀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 最愀氀氀猀 昀漀爀洀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀渀欀ഊ>and branches of the tree, or on the leaves? ਀ഊ>Ellen of the Scholars ਀㸀䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䬀椀渀最搀漀洀ഊ ਀䤀✀瘀攀 渀攀瘀攀爀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀渀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀渀欀 漀昀 愀渀 漀愀欀 琀爀攀攀 漀爀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 渀攀愀爀 琀栀攀ഊleaves. The gall wasp likes to lay her eggs in young, new growth because the ਀戀愀爀欀 椀猀 琀栀椀渀渀攀爀⼀眀攀愀欀攀爀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀攀礀 眀椀氀氀 漀昀琀攀渀 戀攀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀攀搀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀瘀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䴀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最愀氀氀猀 䤀 昀椀渀搀 椀渀 伀爀攀最漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀愀氀椀昀漀爀渀椀愀 愀爀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 猀椀稀攀 漀昀ഊping pong balls, light and fairly hollow, or about the size of crab apples, ਀搀攀渀猀攀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 氀椀最栀琀⸀  吀栀攀 氀愀琀琀攀爀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 欀渀漀眀渀 愀猀 漀愀欀 愀瀀瀀氀攀猀⸀  䤀✀瘀攀 渀攀瘀攀爀ഊmade very good ink from oak apples, but the 'ping pong' balls work fine. ਀ഊThe best oak galls are from about 1/4 inch to about an inch in diameter, ਀栀愀爀搀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀礀 搀攀渀猀攀⸀  吀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 挀愀洀攀 椀渀琀漀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀ഊSyrian port of Aleppo, and are still known as Aleppo galls. ਀ഊThe important thing, in making up a decoction of tannic acid is to keep ਀琀栀椀渀最猀 椀渀 瀀爀漀瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀⸀  䤀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 挀愀氀氀猀 昀漀爀 猀漀愀欀椀渀最 ㌀ 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 䄀氀攀瀀瀀漀ഊgalls in 30 parts water (all parts by weight) you'll be soaking a lot more ਀氀椀最栀琀 最愀氀氀猀 琀栀愀渀 䄀氀攀瀀瀀漀 最愀氀氀猀⸀ഊ ਀䄀渀搀 搀漀渀✀琀 琀栀爀漀眀 琀栀攀 最愀氀氀猀 愀眀愀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 爀甀渀渀椀渀最⸀  䤀✀瘀攀 洀愀搀攀 愀 最漀漀搀ഊink from the third running of some galls a friend sent to me from Minnesota. ਀ഊYou can always get two runnings, but you'll want to cook the second running ਀搀漀眀渀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 爀甀渀渀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀䨀愀挀欀 䌀⸀ 吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀ഊThompson Conservation Laboratory ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ ㈀㘀 䴀愀礀 ㈀　　　 　㈀㨀㈀㐀㨀㔀㤀 ⬀　㈀　　ഊFrom: Thomas Gloning ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 椀渀昀漀 漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀欀 昀漀爀洀甀氀愀攀ഊ ਀㰀㰀⸀⸀⸀ 愀洀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀椀渀最 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 椀渀昀漀 漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀欀 昀漀爀洀甀氀愀攀 ⸀⸀⸀ 䄀渀礀 栀攀氀瀀 ⸀⸀⸀ഊ>> ਀ഊThere are some wellknown medieval recipes/techniques for ink and for the ਀挀漀氀漀爀猀 琀漀 椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀攀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀⸀ 匀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀欀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀漀爀猀ഊeven found their way into the cookbook of Maister Hanns (1460). Here are ਀猀漀洀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀洀漀猀琀氀礀 椀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀Ⰰ 挀愀渀✀琀 栀攀氀瀀 椀琀⤀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ 䈀漀㼀栀愀洀洀攀爀Ⰰ 䜀⸀㨀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀猀挀栀攀 甀渀搀 䘀愀爀戀爀攀稀攀瀀琀攀 搀攀猀 䬀愀猀猀攀氀攀爀 䌀漀搀攀砀ഊmedicus 4810. Untersuchungen zur Berufssoziologie des mittelalterlichen ਀䰀愀椀攀渀愀爀稀琀攀猀⸀ 倀愀琀琀攀渀猀攀渀Ⰰ 䠀愀渀⸀ ㄀㤀㜀㜀 ⠀圀렀爀稀戀甀爀最攀爀 洀攀搀椀稀椀渀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀猀挀栀攀ഊForschungen 10). ਀ഊ- -- Dodwell, C.D. (transl.): Theophilus, De diversis artibus. London ਀㄀㤀㘀㄀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ 䐀爀攀猀猀氀攀爀Ⰰ 䘀⸀㨀 匀挀爀椀瀀琀漀爀甀洀 漀瀀甀猀⸀ 匀挀栀爀攀椀戀攀爀洂였渀挀栀攀 愀洀 圀攀爀欀⸀ 圀椀攀猀戀愀搀攀渀ഊ1971. ਀ഊ- -- Ilg, A. (Hg.): Heraclius. Von den Farben und K¸nsten der Rˆmer. Wien ਀㄀㠀㜀㌀ ⠀儀甀攀氀氀攀渀猀挀栀爀椀昀琀攀渀 昀렀爀 䬀甀渀猀琀最攀猀挀栀椀挀栀琀攀 甀渀搀 䬀甀渀猀琀琀攀挀栀渀椀欀 搀攀猀ഊMittelalters und der Renaissance 4). ਀ഊ- -- Ilg, A. (Hg.): Theophilus Presbyter, Schedula diversarum artium. Wien ਀㄀㠀㜀㐀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ 䴀愀椀猀琀攀爀 䠀愀渀渀猀Ⰰ 搀攀猀 瘀漀渀 圀椀爀琀攀渀戀攀爀最 䬀漀挀栀㨀 䜀甀漀琀 䐀椀渀最 瘀漀渀 愀氀氀攀爀氀愀礀 䬀漀挀栀攀渀ഊ(1460). Faksimile der Handschrift A.N.V. 12 der UB Basel. Hg. von ਀吀甀瀀瀀攀爀眀愀爀攀⸀ 吀爀愀渀猀欀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ†㤀戀攀爀猀攀琀稀甀渀最Ⰰ 䜀氀漀猀猀愀爀 甀渀搀ഊkulturgeschichtlicher Kommentar von T. Ehlert. Frankfurt a.M. 1996. ਀ഊ- -- Ploss, E.: Studien zu den deutschen Maler- und F‰rberb¸chern des ਀䴀椀琀琀攀氀愀氀琀攀爀猀⸀ 䐀椀猀猀⸀ 䴀렀渀挀栀攀渀 ㄀㤀㔀㈀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ 倀氀漀猀猀Ⰰ 䔀⸀㨀 䔀椀渀 䈀甀挀栀 瘀漀渀 愀氀琀攀渀 䘀愀爀戀攀渀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀 搀攀爀 吀攀砀琀椀氀昀愀爀戀攀渀 椀洀ഊMittelalter mit einem Ausblick auf die festen Farben. Heidelberg/ Berlin ਀㄀㤀㘀㈀⸀ ⠀䐀爀椀琀琀攀 䄀甀昀氀愀最攀㨀 䴀렀渀挀栀攀渀 ㄀㤀㜀㌀⸀⤀ഊ ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ 刀漀漀猀攀渀ⴀ刀甀渀最攀Ⰰ 䠀⸀㨀 䐀椀攀 䈀甀挀栀洀愀氀攀爀攀椀爀攀稀攀瀀琀攀 搀攀猀 吀栀攀漀瀀栀椀氀甀猀⸀ 䤀渀㨀 䴀렀渀挀栀渀攀爀ഊJahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, 3. Folge, III/IV (1952/53) 159-171. ਀ഊ- -- Roosen-Runge, H.: Farbgebung und Technik fr¸hmittelalterlicher ਀䈀甀挀栀洀愀氀攀爀攀椀⸀ 匀琀甀搀椀攀渀 稀甀 搀攀渀 吀爀愀欀琀愀琀攀渀 ∀䴀愀瀀瀀愀攀 䌀氀愀瘀椀挀甀氀愀∀ 甀渀搀ഊ"Heraclius". Zwei B‰nde. M¸nchen 1967. ਀ഊ- -- Roosen-Runge, H.: Farben- und Malrezepte in fr¸hmittelalterlichen ਀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀猀挀栀攀渀 䠀愀渀搀猀挀栀爀椀昀琀攀渀⸀ 䤀渀㨀 倀氀漀猀猀Ⰰ 䔀⸀䔀⸀⼀ 刀漀漀猀攀渀ⴀ刀甀渀最攀Ⰰ 䠀⸀⼀ഊSchipperges, H./ Buntz, H.: Alchimia. Ideologie und Technologie. M¸nchen ਀㄀㤀㜀　Ⰰ 㐀㜀ⴀ㘀㘀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ 刀漀漀猀攀渀ⴀ刀甀渀最攀Ⰰ 䠀⸀㨀 䐀椀攀 吀椀渀琀攀 搀攀猀 吀栀攀漀瀀栀椀氀甀猀⸀ 䤀渀㨀 䘀攀猀琀猀挀栀爀椀昀琀 䰀甀椀琀瀀漀氀搀ഊDussler. M¸nchen 1972, 87-112. ਀ഊ- -- Smith, C.S./ Hawthorne, J.G.: Mappae clavicula. A little key to the ਀眀漀爀氀搀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ 倀栀椀氀愀搀攀氀瀀栀椀愀 ㄀㤀㜀㐀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ 吀攀渀渀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀栀⸀㨀†㤀戀攀爀 攀椀渀椀最攀 䘠　爀戀攀爀攀稀攀瀀琀攀 搀攀爀 䐀愀爀洀猀琠　搀琀攀爀 䠀愀渀搀猀挀栀爀椀昀琀ഊ1999 aus dem sp‰ten 15. Jahrhundert. In: Keil, G. (Hg.): "gelÍrter der ਀愀爀稀攀渀팀攀Ⰰ 漀甀挀栀 愀瀀漀琀촀欀攀爀∀⸀ 䘀攀猀琀猀挀栀爀椀昀琀 圀椀氀氀攀洀 䘀⸀ 䐀愀攀洀猀⸀ 倀愀琀琀攀渀猀攀渀Ⰰ 䠀愀渀⸀ഊ1982, 79-90. ਀ഊ- -- Trost, V.: Gold- und Silbertinten. Technologische Untersuchung zur ਀愀戀攀渀搀氠　渀搀椀猀挀栀攀渀 䌀栀爀礀猀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀 甀渀搀 䄀最礀爀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀 瘀漀渀 搀攀爀 匀瀠　琀愀渀琀椀欀攀 戀椀猀ഊzum hohen Mittelalter. Diss. W¸rzburg 1983. ਀ഊ- -- Trost, V.: Scriptorium. Die Buchherstellung im Mittelalter. ਀䠀攀椀搀攀氀戀攀爀最 ㄀㤀㠀㘀 ⠀䠀攀椀搀攀氀戀攀爀最攀爀 䈀椀戀氀椀漀琀栀攀欀猀猀挀栀爀椀昀琀攀渀 ㈀㔀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀漀洀愀猀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Fri, 01 Dec 2000 10:15:52 -0000 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䔀氀漀渀眀攀渀 昀攀爀挀栀 䐀愀昀礀搀搀∀ 㰀攀氀漀渀眀攀渀 愀琀 栀漀琀洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀琀椀渀欀椀渀✀ 䤀渀欀ഊ ਀䄀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 眀愀礀 漀昀 洀愀欀椀渀最 椀渀欀 ⠀愀渀搀 䤀✀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 琀漀氀搀 琀栀愀琀 ഊit is a period recipie, though I myself have not studied the subject, so I ਀搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀欀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 猀漀漀琀Ⰰ 攀最最 ⠀眀栀椀琀攀㼀⤀ ഊand honey. A friend of mine made it (in a mixer, not very period but easy ਀愀渀搀 昀愀猀琀⤀ 愀渀搀 栀攀 猀愀椀搀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 攀瘀攀渀 愀昀琀攀爀 愀 礀攀愀爀Ⰰ 椀昀 椀琀 眀愀猀 ഊkept in an air-tight jar. ਀ഊElonwen ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ 㐀 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　　 　　㨀㔀㄀㨀㈀㜀 ⴀ　㘀　　 ⠀䌀匀吀⤀ഊFrom: "Jack C. Thompson" ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Stinkin' Ink ਀ഊ>This whole ink question begs another question from me! Let's say you were ਀㸀最漀椀渀最 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀 氀愀洀瀀戀氀愀挀欀 椀渀欀㨀 圀栀愀琀 戀椀渀搀椀渀最 愀最攀渀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 礀漀甀 甀猀攀㼀ഊ ਀䰀愀洀瀀戀氀愀挀欀Ⰰ 最爀漀甀渀搀 甀瀀 眀椀琀栀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 最攀氀愀琀椀渀 愀渀搀 栀漀渀攀礀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 愀 搀攀挀攀渀琀ഊink. Gelatin to keep the carbon particles together and honey to act ਀愀猀 愀 栀甀洀攀挀琀愀渀琀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 椀渀欀 昀爀漀洀 挀爀愀挀欀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀一漀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀Ⰰ 爀攀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀攀 漀氀搀 昀漀氀欀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 洀愀搀攀 甀瀀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀椀猀ഊ'to taste' and altered them as the season was hot and dry, or cold ਀愀渀搀 搀愀洀瀀⸀ഊ ਀䨀愀挀欀ഊ ਀䨀愀挀欀 䌀⸀ 吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀ഊThompson Conservation Lab. ਀㜀㔀㐀㤀 一⸀ 䘀攀渀眀椀挀欀ഊPortland, Oregon 97217 ਀唀匀䄀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 4 Dec 2000 11:26:37 -0600 (CST) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀倀椀砀攀氀Ⰰ 儀甀攀攀渀 漀昀 䌀愀琀猀∀ 㰀瀀椀砀攀氀 愀琀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀ⴀ愀挀爀攀ⴀ眀漀漀搀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 猀琀椀渀欀椀渀✀ 䤀渀欀ⴀ最爀椀渀搀攀爀ഊ ਀䤀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 瀀椀最洀攀渀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 漀渀 洀愀爀戀氀攀 漀爀 最氀愀猀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 昀氀愀琀 最爀椀渀搀攀爀猀ഊcalled mullers, so that the particles would be as fine as possible. I ਀搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 椀昀 愀 渀甀琀洀攀最 最爀椀渀搀攀爀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 昀椀渀攀 攀渀漀甀最栀ഊparticles for ink. You might want to ask on the scribes list ਀⠀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 愀琀 挀愀猀琀氀攀⸀漀爀最⤀ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 眀栀漀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀氀礀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀眀渀ഊink and pigments. ਀ഊMargaret FitzWilliam ਀ഊ--- Amy Betz wrote: ਀㸀 䠀攀爀攀✀猀 愀 猀甀最最攀猀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 䤀 渀攀瘀攀爀 琀爀椀攀搀 椀琀⸀  䤀渀ഊ> some of the better kitchen ਀㸀 猀琀漀爀攀猀 琀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀 渀甀琀洀攀最 最爀椀渀搀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 最爀椀渀搀 琀栀攀 栀愀爀搀ഊ> nuts into a fine powder. It might work for your purposes too. ਀㸀   䤀搀栀甀渀渀愀ഊ> who always seems to find similarities in Art and ਀㸀 挀漀漀欀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 04 Dec 2000 12:57:04 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 爀洀栀漀眀攀 㰀䴀䴀愀最渀甀猀䴀 愀琀 戀攀氀氀猀漀甀琀栀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀琀椀渀欀椀渀✀ 䤀渀欀ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀⸀ 伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀搀攀愀猀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 猀攀攀渀 椀渀 愀 洀漀搀攀氀氀椀渀最ഊbook / magazine is to cut a hole in a block of wood the size of the ਀戀漀琀琀氀攀⠀猀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀猀攀爀琀 琀愀挀欀猀 漀渀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 猀椀搀攀 愀渀搀 洀漀甀渀琀⼀猀挀爀攀眀 椀琀 琀漀 愀漀猀挀椀氀氀愀琀椀渀最ഊpad sander base. The tacks are for strong rubber bands used to hold ਀琀栀攀 椀渀欀 ⼀ 瀀愀椀渀琀 戀漀琀琀氀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 栀漀氀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀愀搀 猀愀渀搀攀爀 栀愀渀搀氀攀 椀猀ഊinverted in a vise and the unit turned on for a while. ਀ഊSome of my pad sanders have hook and loop paper attachment methods so ਀䤀✀洀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀 愀戀漀甀琀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀 洀漀爀攀 氀漀漀瀀 猀琀甀昀昀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀ഊbottom of the blocks. Blocks and bottles are a lot heavier however. ਀ഊ*Note - I have not had time to try this yet. I have about twenty variously ਀挀漀氀漀爀攀搀 椀渀欀 戀漀琀琀氀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀椀爀琀礀 礀攀愀爀猀 愀最漀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 最漀漀搀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀ഊat the time. The liquid is still there, the pigment has just settled ਀漀甀琀⸀⨀ഊSo I'm interested in the answer as well. ਀ഊMagnus, who used to paint, and calligraph, a verrrry long time ago. ਀ഊ> On Thu, 30 Nov 2000, K Thomas wrote: ਀㸀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 ㈀ 戀漀琀琀氀攀猀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 搀爀椀攀搀 漀甀琀ഊ> to a hard ball. I want to grind the pigment and get it ਀㸀 戀愀挀欀 椀渀琀漀 愀 洀攀搀椀甀洀 愀最愀椀渀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 琀漀 甀猀攀㼀 䘀爀愀渀欀氀礀Ⰰ 漀渀ഊ> this account I am not so concerned about using ਀㸀 愀甀琀栀攀渀琀椀挀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 礀愀欀 甀爀椀渀攀 漀爀 猀漀洀攀ഊ> such, common modern solutions would work for me at the ਀㸀 洀漀洀攀渀琀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 夀猀愀戀攀愀甀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 04 Dec 2000 19:31:03 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 刀漀渀 䌀栀愀爀氀漀琀琀攀 㰀爀漀渀挀栀㈀ 愀琀 戀攀氀氀猀漀甀琀栀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀琀椀渀欀椀渀✀ 䤀渀欀ഊ ਀䄀琀 　㔀㨀㄀㠀 倀䴀 ㄀㈀⼀㌀⼀　　 ⴀ　㔀　　Ⰰ 匀愀爀愀搀眀攀渀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ>This whole ink question begs another question from me! Let's say you were ਀㸀最漀椀渀最 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀 氀愀洀瀀戀氀愀挀欀 椀渀欀㨀 圀栀愀琀 戀椀渀搀椀渀最 愀最攀渀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 礀漀甀 甀猀攀㼀 䐀漀攀猀 愀渀礀漀渀攀ഊ>know of a good period ink recipe that they would be willing to share? ਀ഊI make no claims on the following recipe, It's one of a number of inks and ਀瀀愀椀渀琀猀 漀甀琀 漀昀 愀 戀漀漀欀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀洀甀氀愀猀ഊit contains: ਀ഊEXCERPTED FROM: ਀开吀栀攀 匀攀挀爀攀琀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀攀瘀攀爀攀渀搀攀 䴀愀椀猀琀攀爀 䄀氀攀砀椀猀 漀昀 倀椀攀洀漀甀渀琀开ഊ ANNO 1558 ਀刀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㜀㔀 戀礀 吀栀攀愀琀爀甀洀 伀爀戀椀猀 吀攀爀爀愀爀甀洀Ⰰ 䰀琀搀⸀Ⰰ 䄀洀猀琀攀爀搀愀洀ഊ ISBN 90 221 0707 8 ਀ഊTo Make ynke, or a colour to wryte with, in a verye good perfection. ਀ഊ Take good Galles, and breake theim in three or foure pieces, that is to ਀猀愀礀Ⰰ 猀琀愀洀瀀攀 琀栀攀洀 猀氀椀最栀琀氀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 愀 昀爀礀椀渀最攀 瀀愀渀渀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀漀洀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 礀爀漀渀 瀀愀渀渀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 氀椀琀氀攀 伀礀氀攀Ⰰ 昀爀椀攀渀最 琀栀攀洀 愀 氀椀琀氀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 琀愀欀攀 愀 瀀漀甀渀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 瘀攀猀猀攀氀 氀攀愀搀攀搀Ⰰ 瀀漀甀爀椀渀最攀 椀渀琀漀 椀琀 愀猀 洀甀挀栀攀 眀栀椀琀攀 眀椀渀攀 愀猀 眀礀氀氀 挀漀瘀攀爀 椀琀 漀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 洀漀爀攀 琀栀攀渀 愀 最漀漀搀 栀愀渀搀 戀爀攀愀搀琀栀⸀  䄀昀琀攀爀Ⰰ 琀愀欀攀 愀 瀀漀甀渀搀攀 漀昀 䜀漀洀洀攀 䄀爀愀戀椀挀欀Ⰰ 眀攀氀氀 猀琀爀愀洀瀀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀礀最栀琀攀 漀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 嘀椀琀爀椀漀氀攀 眀攀氀氀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 瀀漀甀氀搀攀爀㨀  洀礀爀攀 愀氀氀 眀攀氀氀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 愀渀搀 猀攀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀渀渀攀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀攀 搀愀礀攀猀Ⰰ 猀琀攀爀椀渀最 椀琀 愀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 愀猀 礀漀甀 洀愀礀㨀 琀栀攀渀 戀漀礀氀攀 椀琀 愀 氀椀琀氀攀 椀昀 礀漀甀 猀攀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 渀攀攀搀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 猀琀爀愀椀渀攀 椀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀攀⸀ഊ ਀䄀渀搀 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 氀攀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 爀攀洀愀礀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀攀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 洀愀礀攀 瀀漀甀爀攀 漀琀栀攀爀ഊwine, and boyle it a little, and strain it. You may put wine upon the same ਀氀攀攀猀 愀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 愀猀 礀漀甀 眀椀氀氀㨀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 琀漀 猀愀礀Ⰰ 甀渀琀椀氀 礀漀甀 猀攀 礀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀攀 眀栀椀挀栀攀ഊyou put in, will straine or be coloured no more. Then, mingle al the saied ਀眀椀渀攀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀椀渀琀漀 礀漀甀 猀栀愀氀 瀀甀琀 漀琀栀攀爀 最愀氀氀攀猀Ⰰ 最漀洀洀攀 愀渀搀 瘀椀琀爀椀漀氀攀 愀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀ഊbeginning then keping it in the Sunne, you shal have a better inck than the ਀昀礀爀猀琀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀漀 猀漀 攀瘀攀爀礀 搀愀礀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 漀昀琀攀渀攀爀 礀漀甀 搀漀 椀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 礀漀甀ഊshall have it, and with lesse coste. ਀ഊAnd if you finde it to thicke, or that it be not flowinge ynough, put to it ਀愀 氀礀琀琀氀攀 挀氀攀愀爀攀 氀椀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀攀 眀椀氀氀 洀攀欀攀 椀琀 氀椀焀甀椀搀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀椀渀渀攀 椀渀漀甀最栀攀⸀  䤀昀 椀琀ഊbe to cleare, adde to it a little gomme Arabick. The galles must be smal, ਀挀甀爀氀攀搀 愀渀搀 洀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 眀椀琀栀椀渀Ⰰ 椀昀 琀栀攀礀 戀攀 最漀漀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀漀搀 瘀椀琀爀椀漀氀氀攀 椀猀 愀氀眀愀礀猀ഊwithin of a colour like unto the elemyt. The best gomme, is cleere and ਀戀爀椀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 椀渀 猀琀愀洀瀀椀渀最 椀琀Ⰰ 椀琀 戀攀挀漀洀洀攀琀栀 愀 瀀漀甀氀搀攀爀 攀愀猀攀氀礀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀ഊcleaving together. ਀ഊ al Thaalibi -- An Crosaire, Trimaris ਀        刀漀渀 䌀栀愀爀氀漀琀琀攀 ⴀⴀ 䜀愀椀渀攀猀瘀椀氀氀攀Ⰰ 䘀䰀ഊ afn03234 at afn.org OR ronch2 at bellsouth.net ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ 　㔀 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　　 　㜀㨀㐀㜀㨀㈀㔀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: Ron Charlotte ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Stinkin' Ink ਀ഊAt 09:20 PM 12/4/00 -0500, Saradwen wrote: ਀㸀㸀 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 爀攀挀椀瀀攀Ⰰ 䤀琀✀猀 漀渀攀 漀昀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 椀渀欀猀 愀渀搀ഊ>> paints out of a book that I have for some of the other recipes and ਀㸀昀漀爀洀甀氀愀猀ഊ>> it contains: ਀㸀㸀ഊ>> EXCERPTED FROM: ਀㸀㸀 开吀栀攀 匀攀挀爀攀琀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀攀瘀攀爀攀渀搀攀 䴀愀椀猀琀攀爀 䄀氀攀砀椀猀 漀昀 倀椀攀洀漀甀渀琀开ഊ>> ANNO 1558 ਀㸀㸀 刀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㜀㔀 戀礀 吀栀攀愀琀爀甀洀 伀爀戀椀猀 吀攀爀爀愀爀甀洀Ⰰ 䰀琀搀⸀Ⰰ 䄀洀猀琀攀爀搀愀洀ഊ>> ISBN 90 221 0707 8 ਀㸀ഊ>Wow, thanks a whole lot! Very, very cool!! I'm gonna save that one for ਀㸀昀甀琀甀爀攀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀℀ഊ ਀䤀琀✀猀 愀 眀漀渀搀攀爀昀甀氀 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 漀昀 ㌀ 椀渀 昀愀挀琀⸀  匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀瀀漀琀栀漀挀愀爀礀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀ഊthey contain are down right scary, but the artist's formulas are invaluable. ਀ഊ Ron Charlotte -- Gainesville, FL ਀ऀ愀昀渀　㌀㈀㌀㐀 愀琀 愀昀渀⸀漀爀最 伀刀 爀漀渀挀栀㈀ 愀琀 戀攀氀氀猀漀甀琀栀⸀渀攀琀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Anplica Fiore ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䄀甀最甀猀琀 ㌀㄀Ⰰ ㈀　　㘀 ㄀　㨀㐀㐀㨀　㌀ 䄀䴀 䌀䐀吀ഊTo: Sca-librarians at lists.gallowglass.org, northshield at northshield.org ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ氀椀戀爀愀爀椀愀渀猀崀 䤀爀漀渀 䜀愀氀氀 䤀渀欀ഊ ਀䄀 戀氀甀爀戀 漀渀 琀栀椀猀 眀攀攀欀✀猀 渀攀眀猀氀攀琀琀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䰀椀戀爀愀爀礀 䄀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀ഊdirected me to a site on iron gall ink. This ink was used quite a bit ਀椀渀 漀甀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 猀琀甀搀礀 猀椀渀挀攀 椀琀 椀猀 猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 ⸀  吀栀攀ഊdownside is depending on the recipe used in its creation and the ਀挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀 椀琀✀猀 猀琀漀爀攀搀 椀渀 椀琀 挀愀渀 挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀瀀攀爀 椀琀ഊis used on. For more information on this fascinating ink, including ਀爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 椀渀 椀爀漀渀 最愀氀氀ഊink, check out the ink corrosion website: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀欀渀愀眀⸀渀氀⼀攀挀瀀愀⼀椀渀欀⼀⸀ഊ ਀匀椀最渀漀爀愀 䄀渀瀀氀椀愀 䘀椀漀爀攀ഊCompass & Ministraro Herald - Kingdom of Northshield ਀ഊ ਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ椀渀欀猀ⴀ洀猀最ऀ倀愀最攀 ㈀㄀ 漀昀 ㈀㄀ഊ ਊ