pilgrm-badges-msg - 4/26/09 ਀ഊMedieval pilgrim badges. References. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: pilgrimages-msg, casting-msg, tokens-msg, soapstone-msg, relics-msg, Relics-fr-all-art, saints-msg, icons-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊFrom: sniderm at mcmail2.cis.McMaster.CA (Mike Snider) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Documentation ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㠀 䄀瀀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀 ㄀㄀㨀㄀㘀㨀㐀㤀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊOrganization: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. ਀ഊGreetings, ਀  䤀 栀愀瘀攀 洀愀搀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 猀琀漀渀攀 洀漀氀搀猀 昀漀爀 挀愀猀琀椀渀最 戀甀琀琀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀 琀漀欀攀渀猀⸀ഊIf she has the Museum of London Dress Accessories book, that is a great ਀猀漀甀爀挀攀 戀甀琀 猀栀攀 洀愀礀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 琀爀愀挀欀 搀漀眀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最⸀ഊPilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges By Brian Spencer ISBN 0 947535 128 ਀ഊMedieval Pilgrim and Secular Badges by Michael Mitchiner ਀ഊI would recomment entering in the dress acc. category rather than as a ਀洀攀琀愀氀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 攀渀琀爀礀 椀昀 琀栀攀 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀愀 眀栀攀爀攀 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 椀猀 愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 氀椀欀攀 椀琀 椀猀 ഊhere in the Middle Kingdom. I am currently working on criteria for stone ਀挀愀猀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀琀 眀漀渀✀琀 戀攀 椀渀 甀猀攀 昀漀爀 愀 眀栀椀氀攀⸀ഊ ਀  䤀昀 猀栀攀 栀愀猀 愀渀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 琀漀 猀栀愀爀攀 漀爀 渀攀攀搀猀 愀渀礀 栀攀氀瀀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 ഊme directly by E-mail. I would love to hear from fellow casters. ਀ഊElizabeth Cadfan ਀ഊ ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Saints Badges (was: Re: Pentacles (again and again and again)) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㄀㘀 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㈀㈀㨀㌀㐀㨀㈀㈀ ⴀ　㐀　　ഊOrganization: Bell Global Solutions ਀ഊSharon Krossa wrote: ਀㸀 猀挀氀愀爀欀 愀琀 挀栀愀猀猀⸀甀琀漀爀漀渀琀漀⸀挀愀 ⠀匀甀猀愀渀 䌀愀爀爀漀氀氀ⴀ䌀氀愀爀欀⤀ 眀爀漀琀攀 漀渀 ㄀㈀ 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀㨀ഊ ਀圀爀漀琀攀 愀渀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀 瀀漀猀琀 漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀渀 猀礀洀戀漀氀猀⸀ഊ ਀㸀 䘀椀爀猀琀 ⴀⴀ 瘀攀爀礀 渀椀挀攀 瀀漀猀琀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 最漀漀搀 瀀漀椀渀琀℀ഊ> ਀㸀 匀攀挀漀渀搀 ⴀⴀ 漀欀愀礀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 最漀琀 洀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀⸀ 䌀愀渀 礀漀甀 琀攀氀氀 甀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 ഊ>saints' badges? I am familiar with *modern* RC saints' medals (which I've ਀㸀愀氀眀愀礀猀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 眀攀爀攀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀愀挀欀礀 戀甀琀 琀栀椀猀 渀攀瘀攀爀 猀琀漀瀀瀀攀搀 洀攀 愀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 愀 昀攀眀 㬀ⴀ⤀Ⰰ ഊ>are saints' badges a precursor of these? What forms do they ਀㸀琀愀欀攀㼀 圀栀愀琀 搀椀搀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀洀㼀 䠀漀眀 搀椀搀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 愀焀甀椀爀攀 琀栀攀洀㼀ഊ> ਀㸀 䔀昀昀爀椀挀 渀攀礀渀 䌀愀渀渀椀挀栀 瘀挀 爀愀氀琀攀ഊ> mka Sharon Krossa, too curious as always... ਀ഊPerhaps Mistress Nicolae will give as better reply to this but here ਀最漀攀猀⸀ 匀愀椀渀琀✀猀 戀愀搀最攀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 洀攀琀愀氀 戀愀搀最攀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 ㄀⼀㈀ 琀漀 ㈀ ഊinches across. They where often made of pewter. They contain some ਀愀猀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀愀椀渀琀 ⴀ 瀀椀最猀 昀漀爀 匀琀⸀ 䄀渀琀栀漀渀礀 瀀愀琀爀漀渀 猀愀椀渀琀 漀昀 ഊswineherders, shell for St. James, a crown for St. Edward the ਀䌀漀渀昀攀猀猀漀爀Ⰰ 愀 洀愀琀礀爀搀漀洀 漀昀 匀琀⸀ 䄀氀戀愀渀 昀漀爀 栀椀猀 洀攀琀愀氀 攀琀挀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 ഊmounted with pin on the back to be worn on your clothing or pilgrims ਀戀愀最⸀ 吀栀攀礀 眀栀攀爀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 瀀甀爀挀栀愀猀攀搀 愀猀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀猀 琀漀欀攀渀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 瘀椀猀椀琀椀渀最 愀 ഊsaint's site. They where often poorly made - basically tourist ਀琀爀椀挀欀攀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 氀漀琀猀 漀昀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 洀漀猀琀氀礀 攀砀琀攀渀琀 瀀椀攀挀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 欀渀漀眀 漀昀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 匀䌀䄀 愀爀琀椀猀椀愀渀猀 眀栀漀 洀愀欀攀 猀甀挀栀 琀漀欀攀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 ഊmodest price ($5 to $20 each). They are a great addition to a high ਀洀椀搀搀氀攀 愀最攀猀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀⸀ 吀栀爀攀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀 猀攀氀氀 愀琀 倀攀渀渀猀椀挀⸀ഊ ਀刀攀最愀爀搀猀ഊRichard Larmer ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 猀挀氀愀爀欀 愀琀 挀栀愀猀猀⸀甀琀漀爀漀渀琀漀⸀挀愀 ⠀匀甀猀愀渀 䌀愀爀爀漀氀氀ⴀ䌀氀愀爀欀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀愀椀渀琀猀 䈀愀搀最攀猀 ⠀眀愀猀㨀 刀攀㨀 倀攀渀琀愀挀氀攀猀 ⠀愀最愀椀渀 愀渀搀 愀最愀椀渀 愀渀搀 愀最愀椀渀⤀⤀ഊDate: 17 Jun 1996 10:58:36 -0400 ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 吀漀爀漀渀琀漀 ⴀⴀ 䔀倀䄀匀ഊ ਀䜀爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀℀ഊ ਀匀愀椀渀琀猀✀ 戀愀搀最攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀 琀漀欀攀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀甀洀攀 樀攀眀攀氀氀攀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊMiddle Ages. They were usually made of pewter and cast in large quantities, ਀漀昀琀攀渀 戀攀椀渀最 猀漀氀搀 ⠀猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 猀愀椀渀琀猀✀ 洀攀搀愀氀氀椀漀渀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 琀漀搀愀礀⤀ഊin and nearby churches and shrines. Pilgrims would often pick them up as ਀琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 琀ⴀ猀栀椀爀琀Ⰰ 猀攀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 愀 栀愀琀 漀爀 挀氀漀愀欀⸀ 吀栀攀ഊidea has already been picked up in the SCA with things such as the Pennsic ਀瀀椀氀最爀椀洀✀猀 琀漀欀攀渀 愀渀搀 猀漀 昀漀爀琀栀⸀  匀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 琀栀攀 琀漀欀攀渀 眀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最ഊother than pewter--seashells were the pilgrim badge of Compostella, ਀昀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀⸀  吀栀攀猀攀 戀愀搀最攀猀 洀漀猀琀氀礀 搀愀琀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 ㄀㌀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 漀渀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀ഊthe idea seems to be older. ਀ഊMany of these badges are quite beautiful, and there are whole books devoted ਀琀漀 猀栀漀眀椀渀最 攀砀琀愀渀琀 漀渀攀猀⸀  䴀礀 昀爀椀攀渀搀Ⰰ 䐀愀洀攀 䔀氀椀稀愀戀攀琀栀 䌀愀搀昀愀渀Ⰰ 洀愀欀攀猀 琀栀攀洀 愀猀ഊpart of her business. If you will be at Pennsic, look for Fettered Cock ਀倀攀眀琀攀爀猀㬀  椀昀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀✀琀 洀愀欀攀 椀琀Ⰰ 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀 洀攀 愀渀搀 䤀✀氀氀 最椀瘀攀 礀漀甀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 椀渀昀漀⸀ഊ ਀䌀栀攀攀爀猀℀ഊNicolaa de Bracton ਀猀挀氀愀爀欀 愀琀 挀栀愀猀猀⸀甀琀漀爀漀渀琀漀⸀挀愀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: "Robert Dawson,PA-C" ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Pilgrimage Badge Pictures? ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㄀㔀 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㄀㔀㨀㈀㌀㨀㄀㤀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊ ਀㸀䌀愀渀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 猀栀漀眀椀渀最 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀愀最攀 戀愀搀最攀猀㼀ഊ> ਀㸀   䘀攀爀渀愀渀搀漀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 漀渀攀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 栀愀爀搀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀琀 栀愀猀 猀漀洀攀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀 氀椀渀攀ഊdrawings and discussion of pilgrim's tokens and badges: ਀ഊ'In the Steps of the Pilgrims' ਀匀椀搀渀攀礀 䠀攀愀琀栀ഊG.P. Putnam's Sons, NY ਀漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㄀Ⰰ 爀攀瘀椀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 㔀　✀猀ഊ ਀䬀攀渀渀愀 䴀挀䬀攀渀渀愀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Mark Shier ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Pilgrimage Badge Pictures? ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀愀琀Ⰰ ㄀㈀ 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㄀　㨀㌀㈀㨀㐀㐀 ⴀ　㜀　　ഊOrganization: Islandnet.com on Vancouver Island B.C. Canada ਀ഊ I believe Dress Accessories and the Age of Chivalry catalogue each show ਀漀渀攀 漀爀 眀漀 戀愀搀最攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 戀漀漀欀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀 戀攀 攀愀猀礀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀⸀ഊThere is an excellent volume in Dutch on the subject, but I don't have the ਀琀椀琀氀攀⸀ 伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀甀琀栀 圀椀氀琀猀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 昀漀爀洀 匀愀氀椀猀戀甀爀礀 栀愀猀 戀愀搀最攀猀⸀ഊ ਀    䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 倀椀氀最爀椀洀 愀渀搀 匀攀挀甀氀愀爀 䈀愀搀最攀猀 戀礀 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 䴀椀琀挀栀攀渀攀爀⸀ 䠀愀眀欀椀渀猀 ㄀㤀㠀㘀⸀ഊHundreds of good pictures, very suspect text. Hard to find, expensive. ਀ഊ Medieval Pilgrim Badges from Norfolk by Brian Spencer. Norfolk Museums ਀匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 ㄀㤀㠀　⸀ 倀愀瀀攀爀戀愀挀欀⸀ 䄀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 戀礀 匀瀀攀渀挀攀爀 椀猀 最漀漀搀⸀ഊ ਀     䔀渀猀攀椀最渀攀猀 搀攀 倀攀氀攀爀椀渀愀最攀 攀琀 䔀渀猀攀椀最渀攀猀 倀爀漀昀愀渀攀猀 戀礀 䐀攀渀椀猀 䈀爀甀渀愀⸀   刀攀甀渀椀漀渀ഊdes Musees Nationaux, Paris 1996. Excellent, expensive. I have made some ਀戀愀搀最攀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀椀猀 戀漀漀欀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 愀琀 洀礀 眀攀戀 瀀愀最攀ഊ(www.medievalwares.com)- go to the "New" section. ਀ഊ If you need more information on these titles, such as ISBNs, just let me ਀欀渀漀眀⸀ഊ ਀䴀愀爀欀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: "Karyn Schmidt" ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Pilgrimage Badge Pictures? ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㄀㈀ 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㈀㈀㨀㌀　㨀　㤀 䜀䴀吀ഊ ਀䘀瘀椀最椀氀 㰀昀瘀椀最椀氀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Can anyone recommend some sources showing a variety of pilgrimage badges? ਀ഊYou want some steenking badges.... ਀ഊF.E. Halliday. Chaucer and his world. NY, Viking, 1968, page 112, has two ਀ⴀⴀ 愀 戀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 愀 瀀愀椀爀 漀昀 漀瀀攀渀 栀愀渀搀猀⸀ ഊDerek Brewer. Chaucer and his World. NY, Dodd, Mead, 1978, page 202 has ਀琀栀爀攀攀 ⴀⴀ 愀 栀攀愀搀 ⠀漀昀 䈀攀挀欀攀琀⤀ 愀 栀攀愀搀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 愀 爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 氀椀欀攀ഊa buckle, and page 203 shows one with two figures in a frame. ਀䄀氀愀渀 䬀攀渀搀愀氀氀⸀  䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 倀椀氀最爀椀洀猀⸀ ⠀倀甀琀渀愀洀 䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 匀攀爀椀攀猀⤀  一夀ⰀഊG.P.Putnam's Sons, 1970, page 113 has a very clear line drawing showing ਀䈀攀挀欀攀琀✀猀 栀攀愀搀 椀渀 愀 爀漀甀渀搀 昀爀愀洀攀⸀  吀栀攀 昀爀漀渀琀椀猀瀀椀攀挀攀 猀栀漀眀猀 愀 瀀愀椀渀琀椀渀最 漀昀 愀ഊpilgrim wearing a shell on his hat. I recommend this book as an ਀椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀漀渀 漀昀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀愀最攀⸀  䤀琀✀猀 氀漀愀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀✀猀 愀 猀琀愀爀琀 昀漀爀 礀漀甀⸀ഊKudrun fle Pilegrim ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ 　㐀 䘀攀戀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀㘀㨀㈀㄀㨀㔀　 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: rmhowe ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Odd bits of metal / Pilgrims Tokens / Minting Books ਀ഊWhilst groping about the web last nite I came on the following site. ਀夀漀甀 氀漀琀 漀昀琀攀渀 最愀戀 愀戀漀甀琀 挀愀猀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 漀爀 洀椀渀琀椀渀最 洀漀渀攀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 攀瘀攀渀 琀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀ഊof Gallic coinage, British Isles, European, or World. ਀ഊAmong other offerings are: ਀䌀漀椀渀 䠀漀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 嘀漀氀甀洀攀 䤀Ⰰ 刀漀礀愀氀 一甀洀椀猀洀愀琀椀挀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 ꌀ㄀　⸀　　ഊCoin Hoards, Volume 2, Royal Numismatic Society, London £10.00 ਀䌀漀椀渀 䠀漀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 嘀漀氀甀洀攀 嘀Ⰰ 刀漀礀愀氀 一甀洀椀猀洀愀琀椀挀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㤀 ꌀ㄀　⸀　　ഊCoin Hoards, Volume VI, Royal Numismatic Society, London, 1981 £10.00 ਀䌀漀椀渀 䠀漀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 嘀漀氀甀洀攀 嘀䤀䤀䤀Ⰰ 刀漀礀愀氀 一甀洀椀猀洀愀琀椀挀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ 䜀爀攀攀欀ഊHoards £40.00 ਀ഊCooper, D.R., The Art and Craft of Coinmaking, A History of Minting ਀吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㠀Ⰰ ㈀㘀㐀 瀀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 洀愀渀礀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 椀渀ഊcolour £29.50 ਀ഊDekesel, Christian E., A Bibliography of 16th Century Numismatic ਀䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ ㄀㄀　㐀 瀀愀最攀猀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀渀最 愀氀氀 欀渀漀眀渀 戀漀漀欀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊperiod, limited to 400 copies, casebound £200.00 ਀ഊMetallurgy in Numismatics. Volume 1. Metcalf, D. M. and Oddy, W. A. ਀⠀攀搀猀⸀⤀Ⰰ 刀⸀一⸀匀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 一漀⸀ ㄀㌀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀　Ⰰ ㈀㈀　 瀀愀最攀猀Ⰰ ㈀㠀ഊplates, cloth reduced to £8.00 ਀ഊMetallurgy in Numismatics. Volume 2. Oddy, W. A. (ed.), R.N.S. Special ਀倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 一漀⸀ ㄀㤀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㠀Ⰰ ㄀㌀㈀ 瀀愀最攀猀Ⰰ ㄀㄀ 瀀氀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 挀氀漀琀栀 ꌀ㄀㠀⸀　　ഊ ਀䴀攀琀愀氀氀甀爀最礀 椀渀 一甀洀椀猀洀愀琀椀挀猀⸀ 嘀漀氀甀洀攀 ㌀⸀ 䄀爀挀栀椀戀愀氀搀Ⰰ 䴀⸀ 䴀⸀ 愀渀搀 䌀漀眀攀氀氀Ⰰ 䴀⸀ഊR. (eds.), R.N.S. Special Publication No. 24, London, 1993, 296 pages, ਀㌀㠀 瀀氀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 挀氀漀琀栀 ꌀ㐀　⸀　　ഊ ਀䴀椀琀挀栀椀渀攀爀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀Ⰰ 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 倀椀氀最爀椀洀 愀渀搀 匀攀挀甀氀愀爀 䈀愀搀最攀猀Ⰰ 匀愀渀搀攀爀猀琀攀愀搀Ⰰഊ1986, 288 pages, over 1100 badges described and illustrated, covering ਀䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀Ⰰ ㄀㌀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 琀漀 氀愀琀攀 ㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 䈀攀氀最椀甀洀ⰀഊNorway, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Byzantine and post-Byzantine, and ਀漀琀栀攀爀 愀爀琀攀昀愀挀琀猀Ⰰ 挀愀猀攀戀漀甀渀搀Ⰰ ㄀㈀⸀㔀∀ 砀 㠀⸀㔀∀Ⰰ ꌀ㌀　⸀　　ഊ ਀⠀昀爀漀洀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀攀琀挀漀氀氀攀挀琀⸀挀漀⸀甀欀⼀  攀渀焀甀椀爀椀攀猀 愀琀 渀攀琀挀漀氀氀攀挀琀⸀挀漀⸀甀欀ഊmail at netcollect.co.uk) ਀ഊ Collectors Gallery ਀                 㜀 䌀愀猀琀氀攀 䜀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 匀栀爀攀眀猀戀甀爀礀 匀夀㄀ ㈀䄀䔀ഊ Tel: 01743 272140 Fax: 01743 366041 ਀                   攀⸀洀愀椀氀 洀⸀瘀攀椀猀猀椀搀 愀琀 戀琀椀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀⸀挀漀洀ഊhttp://www.netcollect.co.uk/MainDealers/C.Gallery%20Main/cg_book_list.htm ਀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊThe other principal Pilgrim and Secular Badges books I am aware of ਀洀愀礀 戀攀 栀愀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 伀砀戀漀眀⸀ 䤀✀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 䴀椀琀挀栀攀渀攀爀 昀漀爀 愀 戀椀琀⸀ഊBTW I got the Salisbury Museum Catalog on Medieval Pilgrim and Secular ਀䈀愀搀最攀猀 氀愀猀琀 眀攀攀欀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 瘀攀爀礀 瀀氀攀愀猀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 椀琀⸀ 嘀攀爀礀 挀氀攀愀爀氀礀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀ഊand a nice selection. There are two. Other books on Medieval Badges ਀眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 䠀攀椀氀椀最 愀渀搀 倀爀漀昀愀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 漀昀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䌀愀琀愀氀漀最⸀ഊ ਀伀砀戀漀眀 䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ 倀愀爀欀 䔀渀搀 倀氀愀挀攀Ⰰ 伀砀昀漀爀搀Ⰰ 伀堀㄀ ㄀䠀一Ⰰ 唀䬀ഊTel:(044)-1865-241249 Fax:(044)-1865-794449 ਀䔀ⴀ洀愀椀氀㨀 漀砀戀漀眀 愀琀 漀砀戀漀眀戀漀漀欀猀⸀挀漀洀   栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀漀砀戀漀眀戀漀漀欀猀⸀挀漀洀⼀ഊ ਀唀匀 挀甀猀琀漀洀攀爀猀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀㨀 ⠀唀匀䄀⤀ 䐀愀瘀椀搀 䈀爀漀眀渀 䈀漀漀欀 䌀漀Ⰰ 倀伀 䈀漀砀 㔀㄀㄀Ⰰ 伀愀欀瘀椀氀氀攀ⰀഊCT 06779 ਀吀攀氀㨀 㠀㘀　 㤀㐀㔀 㤀㌀㈀㤀 䘀愀砀㨀 㠀㘀　 㤀㐀㔀 㤀㐀㘀㠀  圀攀戀猀椀琀攀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀漀砀戀漀眀戀漀漀欀猀⸀挀漀洀ഊ......................................................................... ਀䜀爀攀攀渀氀椀最栀琀 倀甀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 琀爀愀挀欀攀搀 搀漀眀渀 椀昀 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀ഊthe Detector Finds Series: ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 猀攀攀 眀眀眀⸀挀漀椀渀猀ⴀ愀渀搀ⴀ愀渀琀椀焀甀椀琀椀攀猀⸀挀漀⸀甀欀⼀戀漀漀欀猀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊGreenlight Publishing ਀吀栀攀 倀甀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 䠀漀甀猀攀ഊ119 Newland Street ਀圀椀琀栀愀洀Ⰰ 䔀猀猀攀砀 䌀䴀㠀 ㄀圀䘀ഊTel: 01376 521900 ਀䘀愀砀㨀 　㄀㌀㜀㘀 㔀㈀㄀㤀　㄀ഊemail magazines at easynet.co.uk ਀ഊI believe the webpage is one short on their historical buckles books ਀愀猀 椀琀 氀椀猀琀猀 漀渀氀礀 猀椀砀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 瀀愀最攀 䤀 渀漀琀攀搀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 㜀 戀漀漀欀猀 琀漀琀愀氀ഊpublished by them. The missing book is: ਀䜀甀椀搀攀 琀漀 䐀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 䘀椀渀搀猀 㨀 䜀甀椀搀攀 琀漀 䐀愀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀椀渀最  䈀甀挀欀氀攀猀Ⰰഊby Bailey, Gordon; Payne, Greg (Ed.)(Retail Price £6.00Each) ਀ഊMy impression is that the same books are cheaper, and more fully listed ਀漀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 瀀愀最攀㨀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀戀漀漀欀猀栀漀瀀⸀挀漀⸀甀欀⼀猀攀爀⼀猀攀爀瀀最攀⸀愀猀瀀㼀吀礀瀀攀㴀䔀砀愀挀琀倀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀爀☀匀攀愀爀挀栀ഊ=Greenlight+Publishing ਀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊMaster Magnus Malleus, OL, Atlantia, Great Dark Horde ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㈀ 䘀攀戀 ㈀　　㄀ ㄀㘀㨀㔀㌀㨀㔀㔀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: rmhowe ਀吀漀㨀 ∀ⴀ 匀琀攀瀀栀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀∀ 㰀猀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 琀攀砀愀猀⸀渀攀琀㸀Ⰰഊ - Authenticity List ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 䈀漀漀欀 猀琀愀洀瀀猀 ⼀ 戀漀愀琀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 ⼀ 倀椀氀最爀椀洀 䄀洀瀀甀氀氀愀攀 昀爀漀洀 䐀甀戀氀椀渀ഊ ਀圀愀氀氀愀挀攀Ⰰ 倀愀琀爀椀挀欀 䘀⸀⠀䔀搀⸀⤀㨀  䴀椀猀挀攀氀氀愀渀攀愀 ㄀㨀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䐀甀戀氀椀渀 䔀砀挀愀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ഊ 1962-81, National Museum of Ireland, 48pp PB Royal Irish ਀ऀ䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀Ⰰ 䐀甀戀氀椀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㠀 倀䈀 䤀匀䈀一 　㤀　㄀㜀㄀㐀㜀㄀㈀Ⰰ 䠀䈀 䤀匀䈀一 　㤀　㄀㜀㄀㐀㜀㄀㈀⸀ ഊ $13.49 in paperback from Amazon.com. ਀ऀ  吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 愀 䈀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 漀昀 䐀甀戀氀椀渀 㠀㐀　ⴀ㄀㌀　　 ഊ listing all articles. About 5 pages of solid bibliography ਀ऀ戀礀 倀愀琀爀椀挀欀 圀愀氀氀愀挀攀⸀ഊ The second section is A 'Winchester-style' Bronze Mount ਀ऀ戀礀 䄀渀搀爀攀眀 䠀愀氀瀀椀渀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 搀攀瀀椀挀琀猀 昀漀甀爀 搀椀昀昀攀爀渀琀 洀漀甀渀琀猀⸀ 匀椀洀椀氀愀爀 ഊ ones are thought to possibly have been sword pommels. This ਀ऀ漀渀攀 椀猀 栀椀最栀氀礀 挀愀爀瘀攀搀 椀渀 愀渀 愀渀椀洀愀氀椀猀琀椀挀 爀漀洀愀渀攀猀焀甀攀 猀琀礀氀攀 愀渀搀 ഊ is thought to have been a ceremonial staff end of some type. ਀ऀ⠀䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 琀漀 洀攀 椀琀 氀漀漀欀猀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 ഊ upside down in context). 10 C. English Import. Two inches ਀ऀ眀椀搀攀 戀礀 愀戀漀甀琀 㔀⼀㠀∀ 琀栀椀挀欀⸀ 匀栀漀眀渀 愀挀琀甀愀氀 猀椀稀攀 椀渀 琀栀爀攀攀ഊ orthographic drawings, and one photo. ਀ऀ  吀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀昀 匀栀椀瀀 䜀爀愀昀昀椀琀椀 愀渀搀 䴀漀搀攀氀猀 戀礀 䄀爀渀攀ⴀ䔀洀椀氀ഊ Christianson. This one looks like fun, it has a number of ਀ऀ最爀愀昀昀椀琀椀 漀昀 攀愀爀氀礀 猀栀椀瀀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀 栀漀爀渀攀搀 搀爀愀最漀渀 栀攀愀搀 猀栀椀瀀 ഊ and some obvious toys and models. Both carved models and real ਀ऀ戀漀愀琀猀 愀爀攀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀 愀 䈀椀爀欀愀 挀漀椀渀 愀渀搀 愀 眀漀漀搀攀渀 最愀洀椀渀最 ഊ piece from High Street which is rather like a checker piece. ਀ऀ㈀㔀 椀氀氀甀猀⸀ 䈀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ഊ The fourth section is Romanesque bookbinding fragments ਀ऀ戀礀 䨀漀猀攀瀀栀 䴀挀䐀漀渀渀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 栀愀猀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 戀漀漀欀 猀琀愀洀瀀 猀琀礀氀攀猀 ऀഊ illustrated. Not the actual punches but the impressions of ਀ऀ琀栀攀洀⸀  吀栀椀猀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 爀愀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 氀攀愀琀栀攀爀 ഊ bits and the six different stamp designs used are depicted. ਀ऀ䄀 瀀愀氀洀攀琀琀攀Ⰰ 愀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀椀渀最 瀀愀氀洀攀琀琀攀Ⰰ 愀 氀漀戀攀 猀栀愀瀀攀搀 搀爀愀最漀渀Ⰰ 愀 搀漀瘀攀ഊ without a nimbus enclosed in a palmette frame, an Ostrich?, ਀ऀ愀渀搀 愀 戀漀愀爀⸀ഊ The last section if Pilgrim Souvenirs by Brian Spencer ਀ऀ眀栀椀挀栀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀猀 漀昀 焀甀椀琀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀氀礀 猀栀愀瀀攀搀 ഊ Ampullae. Ten illustrations and about 40 citations in the ਀ऀ戀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ഊ ਀䴀愀最渀甀猀 䴀愀氀氀攀甀猀Ⰰ 伀䰀Ⰰ 䄀琀氀愀渀琀椀愀Ⰰ 䜀䐀䠀 ⼀ 刀⸀䴀⸀䠀漀眀攀 ഊ.......... ਀⨀⨀⨀一漀琀 琀漀 戀攀 昀漀爀攀眀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 匀䌀䄀ⴀ唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀愀猀 漀爀 愀渀礀 漀瀀攀渀 一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀Ⰰ ഊespecially the Rialto. Closed email lists of the SCA or reenactor ਀挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 愀爀攀 昀椀渀攀⸀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Cynthia Virtue ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Pilgrim tokens ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ 　㐀 䄀瀀爀 ㈀　　㄀ ㄀㐀㨀㈀㔀㨀㄀　 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊ ਀㸀 䄀渀礀漀渀攀 欀渀漀眀 眀栀攀爀攀 䤀 挀愀渀 猀攀攀 瀀栀漀琀漀猀 漀昀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 氀椀欀攀㼀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀戀椀氀氀椀攀愀渀搀挀栀愀爀氀椀攀⸀挀漀洀 椀猀 愀渀 匀䌀䄀 洀攀爀挀栀愀渀琀 眀栀漀 搀漀攀猀ഊreproductions. Good stuff. ਀ഊ> Were they pinned to clothes? hats? worn on strings? ਀ഊYes to the first two, not so sure about the last. ਀ഊ> How big were they? ਀ഊVaried. The repros I've seen are between 1/2" and 2" ਀ⴀⴀഊCynthia du PrŽ Argent (Hartshorn-dale, East) ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䐀愀瘀椀搀 䐀攀戀漀渀漀 㰀搀愀瘀椀搀⸀搀攀戀漀渀漀 愀琀 洀漀渀琀愀挀甀琀攀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 倀椀氀最爀椀洀 琀漀欀攀渀猀ഊDate: Wed, 04 Apr 2001 23:09:01 +0100 ਀ഊOn Wed, 04 Apr 2001 12:11:54 -0700, db wrote: ਀㸀䤀 愀洀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 漀昀 猀琀爀椀欀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀 猀椀琀攀 琀漀欀攀渀猀⸀ 䄀渀搀 椀琀 漀挀挀甀爀猀 琀漀ഊ>me that following the pattern for pilgrim tokens, which I ਀㸀甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ∀䤀✀瘀攀 猀攀攀渀ഊ>the WORLD FAMOUS two headed Calf" bumper stickers of today, ਀㸀洀椀最栀琀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 洀愀欀攀 昀漀爀 栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀ഊ>used as an A&S project as well. Anyone know where I can see ਀㸀瀀栀漀琀漀猀 漀昀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 氀椀欀攀㼀 圀攀爀攀 琀栀攀礀 瀀椀渀渀攀搀 琀漀ഊ>cloths? hats? worn on strings? How big were they? ਀㸀䌀漀渀猀瀀椀爀椀渀最 洀椀渀搀猀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 欀渀漀眀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊ>db ਀ഊThere are various traders in the UK who produce replica Pilgrimage ਀䈀愀搀最攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀愀攀瘀愀氀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 椀猀 戀攀挀欀攀琀猀 吀漀洀戀 昀爀漀洀ഊthe pilgrimage trail to Canterbury. these tended to be of Lead in ਀瀀攀爀椀漀搀 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 昀爀漀洀 眀栀愀琀攀瘀攀爀 愀氀氀漀礀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 琀爀愀搀攀爀 甀猀攀⸀ 䤀䴀䔀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀ഊabout 2" tall and about 1 1.2" wide and tended to be either sewn onto ਀挀氀漀琀栀椀渀最 愀渀搀 栀愀琀猀⸀ ഊ ਀圀攀氀氀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀 琀栀愀琀 唀䬀✀爀猀 眀攀愀爀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 䨀攀爀甀猀愀氀攀洀Ⰰ 䌀漀洀瀀漀猀琀攀氀氀愀 愀渀搀ഊwalsingham are all common themes. ਀ഊPeople wore them as an open show of their piety having done the walk ਀⠀愀猀 椀琀 眀攀爀攀⤀ 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 猀椀琀攀猀⸀ 䄀猀 愀渀 椀搀攀愀 昀漀爀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀 眀愀爀猀 ⠀愀猀ഊI understand them) then why not. A modern/old type of car window ਀猀琀椀挀欀攀爀 ⨀猀洀椀氀攀⨀ഊ ਀䐀愀瘀椀搀 䐀⸀ഊThe Mediaeval Combat Society ਀吀栀攀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 刀攀攀渀愀挀琀洀攀渀琀 圀攀戀 匀椀琀攀ഊhttp://www.montacute.net/histrenact/welcome.htm ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 爀氀漀戀椀渀猀欀攀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 䰀漀戀椀渀猀欀攀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 　㔀 䄀瀀爀 ㈀　　㄀ ㄀㄀㨀　　㨀㄀㈀ 䜀䴀吀ഊSubject: Re: Pilgrim tokens ਀ഊ>db wrote: ਀㸀㸀 䤀 愀洀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 漀昀 猀琀爀椀欀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀 猀椀琀攀 琀漀欀攀渀猀⸀ 䄀渀搀 椀琀 漀挀挀甀爀猀 琀漀ഊ>> me that following the pattern for pilgrim tokens, which I ਀㸀㸀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ∀䤀✀瘀攀 猀攀攀渀ഊ>> the WORLD FAMOUS two headed Calf" bumper stickers of today, ਀㸀㸀 洀椀最栀琀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 洀愀欀攀 昀漀爀 栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀ഊ>> used as an A&S project as well. Anyone know where I can see ਀㸀㸀 瀀栀漀琀漀猀 漀昀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 氀椀欀攀㼀 圀攀爀攀 琀栀攀礀 瀀椀渀渀攀搀 琀漀ഊ>> cloths? hats? worn on strings? How big were they? ਀㸀㸀 䌀漀渀猀瀀椀爀椀渀最 洀椀渀搀猀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 欀渀漀眀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊ>> db ਀ഊLook for the book "Mediaeval European Jewellery : with a catalogue of the ਀挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 嘀椀挀琀漀爀椀愀 ☀ 䄀氀戀攀爀琀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 ∀ 戀礀 刀漀渀愀氀搀 圀⸀ 䰀椀最栀琀戀漀眀渀⸀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㈀⤀ഊThis book has several photos of pilgrims badges. Sizes seem to vary, but up to ਀愀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 椀渀挀栀攀猀⸀  䘀漀爀 搀漀椀渀最 猀椀琀攀 琀漀欀攀渀猀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 洀椀最栀琀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 猀挀愀氀攀搀 搀漀眀渀ഊpieces to save on materials cost. Even though pewter is relatively ਀椀渀攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 搀漀椀渀最 攀渀漀甀最栀 昀漀爀 攀瘀攀渀 愀 洀漀搀攀猀琀 攀瘀攀渀琀 眀椀氀氀 挀漀渀猀甀洀攀 愀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀戀氀攀ഊamount of metal. ਀ഊVictor Hildebrand vonn Koln ਀洀欀愀 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 䰀漀戀椀渀猀欀攀ഊTrimaris ਀ഊ ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Pilgrim tokens ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 樀漀栀渀 攀渀稀椀渀愀猀 㰀樀瘀愀最甀攀 愀琀 最攀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊDate: Thu, 05 Apr 2001 17:28:57 GMT ਀ഊmark shier shared ਀㸀    䈀椀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 䌀栀愀爀氀椀攀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 戀愀搀最攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 洀愀欀攀 猀漀洀攀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀⸀ 䰀椀欀攀ഊ>B+C, mine are made using stone moulds, the period way. ਀㸀            洀愀爀欀ഊ>http://medievalwares.com/medieval_badges.htm ਀ഊAlso there are the creations of the Fettered Cock. ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀攀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀⸀挀漀洀⼀猀氀⼀瀀攀眀琀攀爀戀爀漀渀稀攀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: clevin at ripco.com (Craig Levin) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Pilgrim tokens ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㘀 䄀瀀爀 ㈀　　㄀ ㄀㜀㨀㔀㄀㨀㐀㔀 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Ripco Internet, Chicago ਀ഊIn article , Lux wrote: ਀㸀伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀猀琀 琀漀欀攀渀猀 甀猀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 眀愀猀 愀 猀栀攀氀氀 ⠀氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀ഊ>one in Shell gasoline). It symbolized the pilgrims that arrived at Santiago di ਀㸀䌀漀洀瀀漀猀琀攀氀氀愀 椀渀 倀漀爀琀甀最愀氀Ⰰ ⠀匀愀椀渀琀 䨀愀洀攀猀✀ 最爀愀瘀攀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 樀甀猀琀 瀀椀挀欀 椀琀 ഊ>up off the shore. ਀ഊActually, Compostella de Santiago is quite some distance inland, ਀愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 栀愀爀戀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀 琀愀欀攀ഊpilgrims' ships, like La Corun~a and Vigo. These are probably ਀眀栀攀爀攀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 最漀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀挀愀氀氀漀瀀猀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 搀攀猀瀀椀琀攀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀琀 琀栀愀琀ഊCompostella is in Galicia, which has a number of cultural ਀猀椀洀椀氀愀爀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 倀漀爀琀甀最愀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 倀漀爀琀甀最甀攀猀攀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 椀猀 眀愀礀ഊto the south to Compostella, at the Rio Min~o. ਀ഊPedro ਀ⴀⴀഊhttp://pages.ripco.net/~clevin/index.html ਀挀氀攀瘀椀渀 愀琀 爀挀椀⸀爀椀瀀挀漀⸀挀漀洀ഊCraig Levin ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 刀漀戀攀爀琀 䠀甀昀昀 㰀爀漀戀攀爀琀栀甀昀昀 愀琀 爀挀渀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 倀椀氀最爀椀洀 琀漀欀攀渀猀ഊDate: Fri, 06 Apr 2001 20:53:28 -0400 ਀ഊCraig Levin wrote: ਀㸀 䄀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 䌀漀洀瀀漀猀琀攀氀氀愀 搀攀 匀愀渀琀椀愀最漀 椀猀 焀甀椀琀攀 猀漀洀攀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 椀渀氀愀渀搀Ⰰഊ> although there are several harbors that traditionally take ਀㸀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀猀✀ 猀栀椀瀀猀Ⰰ 氀椀欀攀 䰀愀 䌀漀爀甀渀縀愀 愀渀搀 嘀椀最漀⸀ഊ ਀        䤀 挀漀甀氀搀渀✀琀 昀椀渀搀 漀渀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀挀愀氀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀 挀栀攀挀欀 漀昀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 洀愀瀀猀ഊimplies Santiago is maybe 25km from the western coast, and twice ਀琀栀愀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀Ⰰ  䄀 渀椀挀攀 搀愀礀✀猀 眀愀氀欀Ⰰ 椀渀 最漀漀搀 眀攀愀琀栀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀                                䐀椀攀最漀 䴀甀渀搀漀稀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Byron Whited ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䨀甀渀攀 㠀Ⰰ ㈀　　㐀 㠀㨀㈀㄀㨀　㘀 倀䴀 䌀䐀吀ഊTo: bryn-gwlad at ansteorra.org ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嬀䈀爀礀渀ⴀ最眀氀愀搀崀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 ⠀刀ⴀ爀愀琀攀搀⤀ഊ ਀䈀攀氀漀眀 愀爀攀 猀漀洀攀 渀漀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀渀欀猀 䤀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 倀椀氀最爀椀洀 䈀愀搀最攀猀Ⰰഊbased on the book "Pilgrimage Explored". Any comments or links to web ਀瀀愀最攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 眀攀氀挀漀洀攀⸀ഊ ਀倀椀氀最爀椀洀愀最攀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀攀搀ഊEdited by J. Stopford ਀夀漀爀欀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 倀爀攀猀猀ഊISBN 0 95297343X ਀ഊLifting the Veil on Pligrim Badges ਀戀礀 䄀⸀ 䴀⸀ 䬀漀氀搀攀眀攀椀樀ഊp. 167 ਀ഊ"For academics the great value of religious and secular badges is that they ਀眀攀爀攀 挀栀攀愀瀀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 椀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 眀漀爀渀 戀礀 漀爀搀椀渀愀爀礀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀椀渀最ഊexamples represent aspects of those ordinary people's thoughts and beliefs. ਀吀栀攀 戀愀琀搀攀猀 愀猀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 瀀漀椀渀琀 漀昀 搀攀瀀愀爀琀甀爀攀 昀漀爀 戀爀漀愀搀攀爀ഊdiscussions. . ਀ഊThe situation is more problematic in the case of profane, secular material. ਀吀栀攀 戀愀搀最攀猀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀 椀渀 愀渀 愀洀愀稀椀渀最氀礀 爀椀挀栀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀爀椀最甀椀渀最 愀猀猀漀爀琀洀攀渀琀ഊof subjects and themes, with numerous variants and an ever-widening range of ਀爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀 甀渀氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀爀攀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 挀漀甀渀琀攀爀瀀愀爀琀猀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 昀愀爀ഊfewer sources which relate to these badges. Although we have the actual ਀漀戀樀攀挀琀猀Ⰰ 眀攀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ 氀椀琀琀氀攀 漀爀 渀漀ഊinformation about who produced them, what inspired them, who bought them or ਀眀栀礀⸀∀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀渀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 戀愀搀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀渀攀猀 栀攀 挀氀愀猀猀椀昀椀攀猀 愀猀ഊ"religious" are like, ਀ഊ"Cockle-shell 1400-1450, pilgrim badge from Santiago de Compostela, ਀攀砀挀愀瘀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 一椀攀甀眀氀愀渀搀攀Ⰰ ∀ 愀渀搀 ∀嘀攀爀愀 䤀挀漀渀 戀愀搀最攀 昀爀漀洀 刀漀洀攀⸀ 匀琀愀洀瀀攀搀 戀爀愀猀猀Ⰰഊ1475-1525, excavated Rotterdam." and "St. Anne pilgrim badge, from Duren. ਀䰀攀愀搀ⴀ琀椀渀Ⰰ ㄀㐀㜀㔀ⴀ㄀㔀㈀㔀Ⰰ 攀砀挀愀瘀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 䐀漀爀搀爀攀挀栀琀⸀∀ഊ ਀䄀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 ∀瀀爀漀昀愀渀攀Ⰰ 猀攀挀甀氀愀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀∀ 椀猀 猀栀漀眀渀 椀洀愀最攀猀 漀昀 愀 瀀栀愀氀氀椀挀 猀礀洀戀漀氀ഊwith legs, and "Badge: crowned vulva as an archer on horseback, her crossbow ਀琀愀甀琀⸀ 䰀攀愀搀ⴀ琀椀渀Ⰰ ㄀㌀㜀㔀ⴀ㄀㐀㈀㔀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䄀洀猀琀攀爀搀愀洀⸀∀ഊ ਀䄀渀搀 ∀戀愀搀最攀㨀 瘀甀氀瘀愀ⴀ瀀椀氀最爀椀洀 眀椀琀栀 瀀栀愀氀氀甀猀 猀琀愀昀昀 愀渀搀 爀漀猀愀爀礀Ⰰ 眀攀愀爀椀渀最 愀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀✀猀ഊhat and wooden pattens. Lead-tin, 1375-1425, found at Reimerswaal." "Badge: ਀昀攀洀愀氀攀 猀洀椀琀栀 昀漀爀最椀渀最 愀 瀀栀愀氀氀甀猀⸀ 䰀攀愀搀ⴀ琀椀渀 昀漀甀爀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 昀漀甀渀搀 愀琀ഊKondtanz, Fischmarkt." ਀ഊP. 185 ਀ഊ"Many of the erotic badges have been found alongside their more strictly ਀爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 昀攀氀氀漀眀猀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀Ⰰ 愀氀猀漀 Ⰰ 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 氀愀爀最攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 挀愀渀渀漀琀ഊbe regarded as isolated, late-medieval curiosities. Because they are so ਀愀氀椀攀渀 琀漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 氀椀昀攀 琀栀攀礀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀眀渀Ⰰ 渀漀眀ഊextinct, tradition, and seen in a broad anthropological context." ਀ഊ ਀䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 戀愀搀最攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀猀琀 戀攀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀漀漀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀砀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊMedieval Rebus or Memory Pun. ਀ഊI think these badges were not "secular" or "erotic" but were religious, the ਀爀攀愀猀漀渀 䤀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀⼀爀攀渀愀椀猀猀愀渀挀攀 氀漀瘀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀 瀀甀渀⸀ഊ ਀䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀㨀ഊ ਀䰀攀漀渀愀爀搀漀 刀攀戀甀猀✀ഊhttp://italian.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.archimedes%2Dlab.org/rebuses.html ਀ഊLatin Rebus' ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀椀琀愀氀椀愀渀⸀愀戀漀甀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀最椀⼀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀⼀漀昀昀猀椀琀攀⸀栀琀洀㼀猀椀琀攀㴀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀爀挀栀椀洀攀搀攀猀─㈀䐀氀愀戀⸀漀爀最⼀爀攀戀甀猀攀猀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ ∀搀漀甀戀琀氀攀猀猀 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 愀眀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 瀀甀渀 眀栀椀挀栀ഊmade Domini Canes (the Hounds of God) of Dominicans." ਀ഊPuns were not just used in Europe but also in East Indian religious art: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀渀渀攀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀昀氀㄀㔀　㄀⼀㄀㔀　㄀　㜀㌀　⸀栀琀洀ഊ ਀ഊSee medieval "secular" badges here: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀琀爀愀挀攀猀⸀渀甀⼀愀爀琀椀昀愀挀琀猀开洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀开瀀攀眀琀攀爀开攀爀漀琀椀挀开戀愀搀最攀猀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 漀渀攀 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 瘀攀爀礀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 眀愀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 愀猀㨀ഊ ਀∀䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 瀀攀眀琀攀爀 攀爀漀琀椀挀 戀愀搀最攀ഊShowing a vulva on stilts, crowned with 3 phallus. ਀䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 眀椀琀栀 瀀椀渀⸀∀ഊ ਀一漀眀 昀漀爀 洀礀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀椀最 栀椀渀琀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀攀愀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊvulva in these badges, is the fact that many are associated with Rosary ਀戀攀愀搀猀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 椀猀 搀攀瘀漀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ∀嘀椀爀最椀渀∀⸀ 䠀漀眀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 愀 椀氀氀椀琀攀爀愀琀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀ഊto show that they are devoted to the Virgin than to wear a literal virgin ਀戀漀搀礀 瀀愀爀琀㼀ഊ ਀圀栀礀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 瀀栀愀氀氀甀猀 椀洀愀最攀猀㼀 䠀攀爀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 瀀甀渀⸀ 倀攀渀椀猀 瀀甀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 瀀攀渀愀渀挀攀⸀ഊWearing the Penis image shows they were doing penance. The 3 phallus images ਀椀渀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 戀愀搀最攀 椀猀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀攀搀 戀礀㨀ഊ ਀∀吀栀攀 昀漀甀爀琀栀 猀愀挀爀愀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 瀀攀渀愀渀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀ഊmaterial, as we may say, consists in the acts of ਀瀀攀渀椀琀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 搀椀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 吀䠀刀䔀䔀 瀀愀爀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀ഊfirst of these is contrition of the heart, wherein the ਀猀椀渀渀攀爀 洀甀猀琀 最爀椀攀瘀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀椀渀猀 栀攀 栀愀猀 挀漀洀洀椀琀琀攀搀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀ഊthe resolve to commit no further sins. Second comes ਀挀漀渀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 洀漀甀琀栀Ⰰ 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀琀 瀀攀爀琀愀椀渀猀 琀栀愀琀ഊthe sinner should make confession to his priest of all ਀琀栀攀 猀椀渀猀 栀攀 栀漀氀搀猀 椀渀 栀椀猀 洀攀洀漀爀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀 椀猀ഊsatisfaction for sins according to the judgment of the ਀瀀爀椀攀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 挀栀椀攀昀氀礀 戀礀 瀀爀愀礀攀爀Ⰰ 昀愀猀琀椀渀最Ⰰഊand almsgiving. The form of this sacrament consists in ਀琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀猀 漀昀 愀戀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀攀猀琀 猀瀀攀愀欀猀 眀栀攀渀ഊbe says, "I absolve thee," etc. ; and the minister of ਀琀栀椀猀 猀愀挀爀愀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀攀猀琀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 栀愀猀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀礀 琀漀ഊabsolve either regularly or by the commission of a ਀猀甀瀀攀爀椀漀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀愀挀爀愀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 愀戀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀ഊfrom sins." ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀愀爀琀猀 琀漀 瀀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀攀渀椀猀✀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀礀 琀栀攀 猀琀椀氀琀猀㼀ഊ ਀圀攀氀氀Ⰰ 洀愀礀戀攀 椀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀 愀猀 眀愀氀欀椀渀最 愀戀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 昀椀氀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊearth, as: ਀ഊ"Scatches Stilts worn in the early sixteenth to ਀渀椀渀攀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀 眀栀攀渀 眀愀氀欀椀渀最 椀渀 昀椀氀琀栀礀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀⸀ഊWithout them, one might have been forced to pautch, ਀∀眀愀氀欀 甀渀挀漀洀昀漀爀琀愀戀氀礀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 搀攀攀瀀 洀甀搀⸀∀ 吀栀攀ഊword scatches is based on the same Greek root as ਀攀椀最栀琀攀攀渀琀栀ⴀ挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 猀挀愀琀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ ∀琀栀攀 猀琀甀搀礀 漀昀 搀甀渀最Ⰰ∀ 愀渀搀ഊthe earlier scatomancy, "fecal fortune-telling." The ਀䐀甀琀挀栀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 猀挀栀愀愀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀挀愀琀猀攀猀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 伀氀搀ഊFrench eschasse, in the mid 1600s. Eventally these ਀眀漀爀搀猀 挀愀洀攀 琀漀 洀攀愀渀 ∀⠀椀挀攀⤀ 猀欀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ∀ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀爀攀 昀椀爀猀琀ഊfashioned from the lower leg bones of cows." ਀ഊBut what about the badge: "Badge: female smith forging a phallus. Lead-tin ਀昀漀甀爀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 昀漀甀渀搀 愀琀 䬀漀渀搀琀愀渀稀Ⰰ 䘀椀猀挀栀洀愀爀欀琀⸀∀ഊ ਀䘀漀爀最椀渀最 椀猀 眀漀爀欀⸀ 䌀漀甀氀搀 琀栀攀 眀漀洀愀渀 戀攀 搀漀椀渀最 ∀眀漀爀欀猀 漀昀 瀀攀渀愀渀挀攀∀㼀 吀栀攀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀愀最攀ഊwas a work of penance. ਀ഊAny thoughts or suggestions welcome. ਀ഊByron ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䘀瘀椀最椀氀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊDate: August 11, 2008 10:13:55 AM CDT ਀吀漀㨀 瀀攀眀琀攀爀攀爀猀最甀椀氀搀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀最爀漀甀瀀猀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubject: Re: [pewterersguild] Historical reference books? ਀ഊsean.wales at comcast.net suggested:: ਀㰀㰀㰀 ഊPilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges ਀䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䘀椀渀搀猀 昀爀漀洀 䔀砀挀愀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀ഊ ਀匀愀氀椀猀戀甀爀礀 ☀ 匀漀甀琀栀 圀椀氀琀猀栀椀爀攀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀ഊPilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges ਀ ഊHeilig En Profann 2 ਀ ഊMusee National du Moyen Age-Thermes de Cluny ਀䔀渀猀攀椀最渀攀猀 搀攀 倀攀氀攀爀椀渀愀最攀 攀琀 䔀渀猀攀椀最渀攀猀 倀爀漀昀愀渀攀猀 ഊ>>> ਀ഊI'm just getting home from Pennsic so I'm a bit behind here. ਀ ഊIf you are interested in pilgrimage badges, I highly recommend the first two books Sean mentioned. These are both by Brian Spencer, who was widely regarded as the foremost authority on pilgrimage badges. ਀ ഊHere are a few more suggestions for resource books: ਀  ഊ* Dress Accessories, c.1150-c.1450 ਀  ⠀䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䘀椀渀搀猀 昀爀漀洀 䔀砀挀愀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀⤀ഊ - Geoff Egan and Francis Pritchard ਀ ഊThis is from the same collection as the first suggestion above. It covers things like buckles, buttons, belt mounts and brooches and is a pretty nice resource. It used to run about $100, but was finally reprinted and the price dropped to around $50. Amazon occasionally has it at pretty big discounts. ਀ ഊ[Side note: The entire Medieval Finds from Excavations in London series (put out by the Museum of London) is pretty awesome. The series includes not only the two previous books, but books on Knives and Scabbards, Horse Equipment, Textiles, and possibly others. These are all great resources if you are interested in their fields.] ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䘀瘀椀最椀氀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊDate: August 11, 2008 4:58:46 PM CDT ਀吀漀㨀 瀀攀眀琀攀爀攀爀猀最甀椀氀搀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀最爀漀甀瀀猀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubject: Re: [pewterersguild] Feeling a little dumb... ਀ഊkandrinchae at hotmail.com writes: ਀㸀匀漀 眀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 倀椀氀最爀椀洀 戀愀搀最攀猀㼀ഊ ਀    䠀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 爀攀愀氀 猀栀漀爀琀 愀渀猀眀攀爀⸀  䄀 戀椀琀 漀昀 最漀漀最氀椀渀最 眀椀氀氀 琀甀爀渀 甀瀀 瀀氀攀渀琀礀 洀漀爀攀⸀ഊ ਀    倀椀氀最爀椀洀愀最攀 戀愀搀最攀猀 眀攀爀攀 最攀渀爀愀氀氀礀 猀椀最渀猀 眀漀爀渀 戀礀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀猀 琀漀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 栀愀搀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 愀 樀漀甀爀渀攀礀 琀漀 愀 栀漀氀礀 瀀氀愀挀攀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䨀攀爀甀猀愀氀攀洀 漀爀 琀栀攀 猀栀爀椀渀攀 漀昀 愀 猀愀椀渀琀 漀爀 洀愀爀琀礀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 攀愀爀氀椀攀猀琀 猀甀挀栀 戀愀搀最攀猀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀 挀爀漀猀猀 漀昀 爀攀搀 挀氀漀琀栀 猀攀眀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀氀漀琀栀椀渀最 漀昀 愀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀 琀漀 䨀攀爀甀猀愀氀攀洀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀 猀攀愀ⴀ猀栀攀氀氀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 戀攀愀挀栀 漀昀 匀愀渀琀椀愀最漀 搀攀 䌀漀洀瀀漀猀琀攀氀氀愀⸀ 䈀甀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 ㄀㌀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 瀀攀眀琀攀爀 琀漀欀攀渀猀 栀愀搀 戀攀最甀渀 琀漀 爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀琀攀洀猀⸀ഊ ਀    吀栀攀猀攀 琀漀欀攀渀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 琀愀欀攀 愀 洀礀爀椀愀搀 漀昀 昀漀爀洀猀⸀ 䔀愀爀氀礀 漀渀 昀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 愀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀栀爀椀渀攀 漀昀 匀琀⸀ 吀栀漀洀愀猀 䈀攀挀欀攀琀 洀椀最栀琀 栀愀瘀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 瀀攀眀琀攀爀 愀洀瀀甀氀氀愀攀 ⠀戀漀琀琀氀攀⤀ 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 眀愀琀攀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 洀椀砀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 戀氀漀漀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀愀椀渀琀⸀ 䰀愀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 戀愀搀最攀猀 戀攀最愀渀 琀漀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 琀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 昀氀愀琀 瀀椀渀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 眀漀爀渀 猀栀漀眀椀渀最 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 椀洀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀琀攀洀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 栀漀氀礀 猀椀琀攀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 匀栀爀椀渀攀 漀昀 吀栀漀洀愀猀 䈀攀挀欀攀琀琀 戀攀最愀渀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 戀愀搀最攀猀  猀栀漀眀椀渀最 䈀攀挀欀攀琀琀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 漀爀 栀椀猀 洀甀爀搀攀爀 眀攀愀瀀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀漀爀洀猀㬀 䌀愀洀瀀漀猀琀攀氀氀愀 戀攀最愀渀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀攀眀琀攀爀 猀攀愀ⴀ猀栀攀氀氀猀㬀 䄀 猀栀爀椀渀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 嘀椀爀最椀渀 䴀愀爀礀 洀椀最栀琀 栀愀瘀攀 最椀瘀攀渀 愀 氀攀琀琀攀爀 䴀 眀椀琀栀 愀 挀爀漀眀渀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀椀渀最 栀攀爀 愀猀 琀栀攀 儀甀攀攀渀 漀昀 䠀攀愀瘀攀渀㬀 攀琀挀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀    匀漀洀攀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀琀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀戀椀氀氀礀愀渀搀挀栀愀爀氀椀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀椀渀搀攀砀㈀⸀栀琀洀氀 漀爀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀昀攀琀琀攀爀攀搀挀漀挀欀瀀攀眀琀攀爀猀⸀挀漀洀⼀ഊ ਀    吀栀攀猀攀 戀愀搀最攀猀 眀攀爀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 琀漀甀挀栀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 栀漀氀礀 爀攀氀椀挀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀愀最攀 猀椀琀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 栀攀氀搀 甀瀀 椀渀 瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 爀攀氀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 椀洀戀甀攀搀 琀栀攀洀 眀椀琀栀 愀 戀椀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀漀氀礀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 戀愀搀最攀猀 眀攀爀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 猀椀挀欀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀漀 戀爀椀渀最 氀甀挀欀 琀漀 愀 栀漀洀攀 漀爀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀⸀ഊ ਀    䄀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀 琀栀攀猀攀 戀愀搀最攀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀攀攀渀 愀猀 猀椀最渀猀 漀昀 猀愀昀攀 瀀愀猀猀愀最攀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀猀 愀 猀椀最渀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 最爀愀渀琀 攀砀琀爀愀 栀漀猀瀀椀琀愀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀⸀ഊ ਀    䘀椀渀愀氀氀礀 猀漀洀攀 栀愀瘀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 琀栀攀洀 愀猀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀攀爀琀 琀ⴀ猀栀椀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 搀愀礀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 礀漀甀 最攀琀 栀漀洀攀 昀爀漀洀 愀 挀漀渀挀攀爀琀 礀漀甀 眀攀愀爀 礀漀甀爀 渀攀眀 琀ⴀ猀栀椀爀琀 琀漀 猀栀漀眀 愀氀氀 礀漀甀爀 昀爀椀攀渀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 最漀琀 琀漀 最漀 ⴀ 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀氀礀 眀攀愀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀愀最攀 戀愀搀最攀 洀椀最栀琀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 猀攀攀渀 愀猀 愀 眀愀礀 漀昀 猀栀漀眀椀渀最 漀昀昀 礀漀甀爀 瀀椀氀最爀椀洀愀最攀 琀漀 猀漀洀攀 昀愀爀 愀眀愀礀 瀀氀愀挀攀⸀ഊ ਀䘀攀爀渀愀渀搀漀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Dan Towse ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㌀　Ⰰ ㈀　　㤀 ㄀㄀㨀㈀㤀㨀㐀㘀 䄀䴀 䌀匀吀ഊTo: ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嬀瀀攀眀琀攀爀攀爀猀最甀椀氀搀崀 䠀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 倀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 䈀愀搀最攀猀ഊ ਀䤀渀 挀愀猀攀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀眀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀Ⱐ⠠⠀ 吀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 一椀樀洀攀最攀渀 䌀攀渀琀爀攀 昀漀爀 䄀爀琀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 栀愀猀 愀 昀愀戀甀氀漀甀猀 漀渀氀椀渀攠⠀ 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀攀眀琀攀爀 戀愀搀最攀猠⠠⠀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀氀攀琀⸀欀甀渀⸀渀氀⼀挀欀搀⼀欀甀渀攀爀愀⼠⠠⠀䌀栀漀漀猀攀 昀爀漀洀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 倀爀漀昀愀愀渀 ⠀匀攀挀甀氀愀爀⤀ 漀爀 刀攀氀椀最椀攀甀猀 ⠀匀愀挀爀攀搀⤠⠀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Guillaume de Garrigues ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㌀㄀Ⰰ ㈀　　㤀 㘀㨀㔀㤀㨀㈀㔀 倀䴀 䌀匀吀ഊTo: pewterersguild at yahoogroups.com ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀瀀攀眀琀攀爀攀爀猀最甀椀氀搀崀 刀攀㨀 䠀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 倀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 䈀愀搀最攀猀ഊ ਀䜀爀攀愀琀 猀椀琀攀⸀  䤀 愀搀搀攀搀 椀琀 琀漀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀瀀攀眀琀攀爀攀爀猀最甀椀氀搀⸀漀爀最⼀䴀愀椀渀⼀䰀椀渀欀猀 ⠀漀琀栀攀爀 氀椀渀欀猀 礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀爀攀㼀  氀攀琀 洀攀 欀渀漀眀⸀⸀⸀⤀ഊ ਀䤀 渀漀琀椀挀攀搀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 愀氀猀漀 戀爀漀眀猀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 猀椀琀攀 椀渀 ⠀洀漀猀琀氀礀⤀ 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀Ⰰ 戀礀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 氀椀渀欀㨀ഊ ਀    栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀氀攀琀⸀欀甀渀⸀渀氀⼀挀欀搀⼀欀甀渀攀爀愀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀瀀栀瀀㼀氀愀渀最㴀甀欀ഊ ਀䜀甀椀氀氀愀甀洀攀 ഊ ਀㰀㰀㰀 吀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 一椀樀洀攀最攀渀 䌀攀渀琀爀攀 昀漀爀 䄀爀琀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 栀愀猀 愀 昀愀戀甀氀漀甀猀 漀渀氀椀渀攀ഊcollection of Pewter badges ਀ഊhttp://www.let.kun.nl/ckd/kunera/ >>> ਀ഊ ਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ瀀椀氀最爀洀ⴀ戀愀搀最攀猀ⴀ洀猀最ऀ倀愀最攀 ㄀㐀 漀昀 ㄀㐀ഊ ਊ