mirrors-msg - 2/16/98 Period mirrors. Mirror cases. Construction. Referances. NOTE: See also the files: cosmetics-msg, hair-msg, p-hygiene-msg, ivory-msg, glassware-msg. ************************************************************************ NOTICE - This file is a collection of various messages having a common theme that I have collected from my reading of the various computer networks. Some messages date back to 1989, some may be as recent as yesterday. This file is part of a collection of files called Stefan's Florilegium. These files are available on the Internet at: http://www.florilegium.org I have done a limited amount of editing. Messages having to do with separate topics were sometimes split into different files and sometimes extraneous information was removed. For instance, the message IDs were removed to save space and remove clutter. The comments made in these messages are not necessarily my viewpoints. I make no claims as to the accuracy of the information given by the individual authors. Please respect the time and efforts of those who have written these messages. The copyright status of these messages is unclear at this time. If information is published from these messages, please give credit to the originator(s). Thank you, Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous Stefan at florilegium.org ************************************************************************ Date: Thu, 03 Dec 1998 14:51:25 -0500 From: rmhowe To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: Mirror views Melanie Wilson wrote: > >Now if anyone can tell _ME_ where I might find some cross sectional > >views or back side views, or actual _mirror_ composition to medieval > >European Ivory Mirrors I should very much appreciate it. I have > >the Dress Accessories book. > > What page ? I think you misunderstood me here, Mel, I am not looking for infor- mation on the _little mirrors_ in the Dress Accessories book _unless_ it is the composition of the reflective elements which aren't in the Dress Accessories book that I recall. I think that is all empty frames. I am looking for the _cross sectional_ views of Ivory mirrors, that is - *how joined - Did the side interfit, or were they hinged? *what the reflective elements were made of that went in them - and *how they were attached - (glued in or maybe fitted with some sort of spline, wire or frame at the edges.) I want to know what the functional side of the mirror was like. I bet I have a dozen or more different pictures of the pretty sides. > > What I'm looking for is the side you > > never see in the picture books that show the lovely carved side. > > I'd like to know if there was a back cover to those things and if so > > how joined and what got put in them to reflect and how set > > I'll see if I can find more if you write a list of questions to be > asked I can hassle all my museum chums here, I'm hoping to do a > mirror myself in the future so I need the info too. > > Mel I'd appreciate any help on this. Incidentally that Art of Medieval Love book has a really nice mirror from eastern Europe with a handle of intertwined lovers and a fold down cover hinged to the mirror itself. Cast metal. Quite nice. Magnus Date: Thu, 03 Dec 1998 21:45:05 -0800 From: Mary Haselbauer To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: ivory mirror cases Some ivory mirror cases seem to have survived in pairs. I remember some sources calling them "valves" like a clam shell is said to have two valves. Anyway, I can't think of any of my sources that showed anything other than the front or how they were hinged. Slaine Date: Fri, 4 Dec 1998 06:31:45 -0500 From: Melanie Wilson To: LIST SCA arts Subject: Mirrors ! OK I've spoken to the Museum of London, they are sending me some articles etc, these are in German I'm afraid but I can get them translated. So more to follow. As for the reflective surfaces they blew a glass bubble then smashed it, the pieces were cut to the size required and backed with foil, placed in the frame in the correct manner to magnify. Most frames were wooden or metal. Only the top ones were Ivory. Most were very small. Mel Date: Sat, 5 Dec 1998 13:58:49 -0500 From: Melanie Wilson To: LIST SCA arts Subject: Mirrors ! Translation summery to follow, but if anyone wants to look up the German articles here are the details: 1) BONNER JAHRBUCHER des Rheinischen Landesmuseumsin Bohn und des rheinischen Amtes fur Bodendenkmalpflege im LANDSCHAFTSVERBAND RHEINLAND und des VEREINS VON ALTERTUMSFREUNDEN IM RHEINLANDE. sONDERDRUCK AUS bONNER jAHRBUCHER 195 1995 2) BONNER JAHRBUCHER des Rheinischen Landesmuseumsin Bohn und des rheinischen Amtes fur Bodendenkmalpflege im LANDSCHAFTSVERBAND RHEINLAND und des VEREINS VON ALTERTUMSFREUNDEN IM RHEINLANDE. sONDERDRUCK AUS bONNER jAHRBUCHER 190 1990 Mel Date: Sat, 05 Dec 1998 17:52:18 -0600 From: Gunnora Hallakarva To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Mirror Case Construction Several folks had been asking about how medieval ivory mirror cases were constructed, and I thought the following might be helpful. There is never a good description nor a picture of the hinging, but several other sources are cited which may prove more helpful. "Mirror and Other Cases >From the late thirteenth century until about the middle of the fifteenth, richly ornamented ivory mirror-cases were among the most popular products of French ivory carving schools (see, for example, Koechlin 1924; Longhurst 1929). These cases, designed to hold small circular mirrors, mostly of metal, were made in two elements with an internal recess for the mirror. The suitably tender scenes (lovers in a garden, the storming of the Castle of Love, and so on) carved on the outer faces are frequently contained within a circular frame, often with four angular supporters which impose an overall square format (Figure 55). Related pairs of valves have occasionally been recognized but the method by which they were attached to one another is not always clear. A series of what may be cheaper versions of mirrow-cases provide one of the rare instances of composite construction in bone during the medieval period. To meet the need for material which is both appropriately large in area and of sufficient thickness to allow relief carving on the outside and a recess on the inside, three strips of bone (presumably from cattle or horse long-bones) were riveted together by means of cross-bars at the top and bottom. A well-preserved example from Warburg, Niedersachen, is illustrated by Schultz (1965), and two representatives of this type, one of them complete (Figure 56), are in the Museum of London. Drilled holes on the cross-bars of the London pieces may indicate the former presence of pivoting doors. All three display castellated architectural forms, a feature also found on smaller one-piece cases from Esneux, Belgium, and from Hitzacker, Elbe (Wachter, 1976). The latter piece has both elements intact and retains two glass disks within its ovoid internal recess. The latter were so diminuitive, however, as to be useless as mirrors. Wachter's identification of the piece as an amulet may well be correct: one might imagine a lock of hair or some similar relic enclosed between the glass disks. The architectural allusions of certain lead-alloy pilgrim badges (Hansmann and Kriss-Rettenbeck 1966) may lend further support to this suggestion." Arthur MacGregor. Bone, Antler, Ivory and Horn. Totowa: Barnes and Noble. 1985. p. 99. Here are the full cites for the material above: L. Hansmann and L. Kriss-Rettenbeck. Amulett und Talisman: Ersheinungsform und Geschicte. Munich: Callwey. 1966 R. Koechlin. Les Ivoires Gothiques Francais. Paris: Picard. 1924 M.H. Longhurst. Catalogue of Carvings in Ivory 2. London: Victoria and Albert Museum. 1929. H.A. Schultz "Die Karamik der Bugr Warberg im Elm, Kreis Helmsted". Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Niedersachsen 2. 1965. pp. 253-60. B. Wachter. "Mittelalterliche Knochenscnitzarbeiten von der Weinbergburg in Hitzacker (Elbe)". Zeitschrift fur Archaologie des Mittelalters 4. 1976. pp 123-30. Gunnora Hallakarva Herskerinde Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1999 16:56:54 -0500 From: Melanie Wilson Cc: LIST SCA arts Subject: Mirrors Translation of the later article A short resume of the mirrors-article by Ingeborg Krueger. It is a follow up of an earlier one from 1990 in which all known material about medieval mirrors was given. There have been no new insights since then, but lots of new mirrors have been found (and some published) in digs since 1990. These and some older, but not heretofore known examples will be described in the article. Many more decorated mirrorcases of bone and horn have been found, but these have been written about in an earlier article (note 2). Then she describes two bone mirrors, one found in Burg Hain (Hessen) and another (1240-50) in Bamberg in the cathedral mount. Both are very small (much smaller then the French ivory ones); the first case about 8 x 5,3 cm, mirror D 4 cm, the second case 3 x 3,1 cm, mirror D 2,6 cm. Many new metal mirrorcases have been found since 1990. Almost all are cast form a copper alloy and ca 3 cm D. Because so many of this type have been found in England and those on the continent look so much like these, she thinks most of them must have been made in Britain. (see also Dress Accessories by Geoff Egan). The continental ones are from the west of Nederland and Belgium; some of these even have remains of glass in them with the kit used to fasten them to the cases. An other, very curiously, was found in Corinth, Greece, probably from the French occupation of this city between 1210 and 1313. Lastly there are 2 fragments of chalkstone casting moulds in the Museum of London, of even smaller mirrorcase (2,8 cm). This is another indication for a British production-centre. Cases made of pewter are fewer. They vary between 3 to 5,4 cm and have been found over a wider area than the copper ones (London, Paris-St Denis, Nieuwlande-Nederland, Perth-Scotland, Lund-Sweden, Rougiers-Provence, Cork-Ireland, Meols-Cheshire, Beverly-Yorkshire). The rest of the articles are descriptions of the cases and comparisons between them. No final theory is given, but the article does not seem to be finished on page 225 Edited by Mark S. Harris mirrors-msg 5