poetry-msg - 3/26/09 ਀ഊPeriod poetry styles and techniques. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: poems-msg, p-songs-msg, p-stories-msg, bardic-msg, Bardic-Guide-art, storytelling-art, song-sources-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊFrom: sbloch at euler.ucsd.edu (Steve Bloch) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀　 伀挀琀 㤀㄀ ㄀㜀㨀　㤀㨀㄀㘀 䜀䴀吀ഊ ਀䠀娀匀 愀琀 瀀猀甀瘀洀⸀瀀猀甀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀吀栀攀爀椀漀渀⤀ 挀椀琀攀猀㨀ഊ>Lyrics of the Middle Ages, an anthology. / edited by James J. Wilhelm. New ਀㸀  夀漀爀欀Ⰰ 䜀愀爀氀愀渀搀 倀甀戀⸀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀　⸀     椀猀戀渀 　㠀㈀㐀　㌀㌀㐀㔀　Ⰰ 　㠀㈀㐀　㜀　㐀㤀㘀 ⠀瀀戀欀⸀⤀ഊ> xix, 341 p. ill. 23 cm. ਀ഊThis sounds very similar, but not identical, to what's on my shelf: ਀䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 匀漀渀最Ⰰ 䄀渀 䄀渀琀栀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 䠀礀洀渀猀 愀渀搀 䰀礀爀椀挀猀ഊtranslated by James J. Wilhelm. ਀䔀⸀倀⸀䐀甀琀琀漀渀 ☀ 䌀漀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 ㄀㤀㜀㄀⸀ 猀戀渀 　ⴀ㔀㈀㔀ⴀ㐀㜀㈀㤀㜀ⴀ㔀ഊ416 p. incl. contents & index ਀ഊFrom the back cover: ਀吀栀椀猀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀栀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 愀渀琀栀漀氀漀最礀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀 昀甀氀氀ഊhistorical development of medieval poetry from the end of the ਀挀氀愀猀猀椀挀愀氀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 最爀漀眀琀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀椀渀愀氀氀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀ഊblossoming of secular lyrics. There are 230 lyrics grouped as ਀昀漀氀氀漀眀猀㨀 䰀愀琀攀 䌀氀愀猀猀椀挀愀氀 瀀漀攀洀猀Ⰰ 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀 栀礀洀渀猀Ⰰ 䰀愀琀椀渀 氀礀爀椀挀猀 漀昀ഊ600-1050, Carmina Burana, Provencal songs, Italian, German, and North ਀䘀爀攀渀挀栀 猀漀渀最猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀渀最猀 漀昀 䜀爀攀愀琀 䈀爀椀琀愀椀渀 ⴀⴀ 挀栀椀攀昀氀礀 伀氀搀 愀渀搀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀ഊEnglish. The translator, Professor James J. Wilhelm of Rutgers ਀唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀氀猀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 嬀㈀㄀崀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 琀攀砀琀猀 椀渀ഊaddition to prefatory essays on all of the texts. ਀ⴀⴀ ഊStephen Bloch ਀洀愀爀ⴀ䨀漀猀栀甀愀 椀戀渀ⴀ䔀氀攀愀稀愀爀 栀愀ⴀ匀栀愀氀椀戀ഊ>sca>Caid>Calafia>St.Artemas ਀猀戀氀漀挀栀 愀琀 洀愀琀栀⸀甀挀猀搀⸀攀搀甀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: habura at vccsouth12.its.rpi.edu (Andrea Marie Habura) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㄀㤀 一漀瘀 㤀㄀ ㈀㄀㨀㐀㈀㨀㄀㔀 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY ਀ഊNo, sorry. I know of no poetry form with that scheme. (I am, however, playing ਀眀椀琀栀 愀 嘀䔀刀夀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 ㄀㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 昀漀爀洀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 猀攀猀琀椀渀愀⸀ 䤀琀 搀漀攀猀渀✀琀 ഊrhyme. Instead, one chooses six words, and writes six six-line stanzas, with ਀琀栀攀 猀椀砀 眀漀爀搀猀 戀攀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀渀搀ⴀ眀漀爀搀猀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 氀椀渀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 眀漀爀搀猀 爀漀琀愀琀攀 椀渀 愀 猀攀琀ഊpattern, so the first stanza will have the words in order ABCDEF, the second ਀䈀䌀䐀䔀䘀䄀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀 䌀䐀䔀䘀䄀䈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀 漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 琀眀漀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 攀渀瘀漀椀 愀琀ഊthe end, which must use all six words (though not necessarily in order.) The ਀洀攀琀攀爀 椀猀 椀愀洀戀椀挀 瀀攀渀琀愀洀攀琀攀爀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀愀琀✀猀 琀栀攀 攀愀猀礀 瀀愀爀琀㬀 䤀 爀攀愀搀 愀 氀漀琀 漀昀 匀栀愀欀攀猀瀀攀愀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 眀愀猀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀攀搀 戀礀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 瀀漀攀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 椀猀 栀愀爀搀攀爀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 琀栀愀渀 椀渀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀⸀ 䌀漀洀瀀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀Ⰰ 猀漀渀渀攀琀猀 愀爀攀 䌀䄀䬀䔀⸀⤀ഊ ਀䄀氀椀猀漀渀 䴀愀挀䐀攀爀洀漀琀ഊ*Poet Wannabe* ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 栀愀戀甀爀愀 愀琀 瘀挀挀猀漀甀琀栀㄀㤀⸀椀琀猀⸀爀瀀椀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀䄀渀搀爀攀愀 䴀愀爀椀攀 䠀愀戀甀爀愀⤀ഊDate: 22 Nov 91 13:51:49 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 刀攀渀猀猀攀氀愀攀爀 倀漀氀礀琀攀挀栀渀椀挀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀Ⰰ 吀爀漀礀 一夀ഊ ਀倀漀攀琀爀礀㨀 儀甀椀琀攀 愀 昀攀眀 漀昀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 䔀ⴀ洀愀椀氀攀搀 洀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀猀攀 昀漀爀洀 挀愀氀氀攀搀ഊsestina. So, believing that Research is Good for the Soul, I found some more ਀猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 椀琀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 瘀攀爀猀攀 昀漀爀洀 眀愀猀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㈀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀猀 挀爀攀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 倀攀琀爀愀爀挀栀ഊto one Arnaud Daniel, a famous troubador (Petrarch calls him "gran maestro ਀搀✀愀洀漀爀攀∀⤀⸀ 䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 渀漀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 瀀漀攀洀猀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀琀礀氀攀Ⰰഊit is mentioned by Sidney in 1586. The verse scheme is so: six stanzas of six ਀氀椀渀攀猀 攀愀挀栀Ⰰ 椀愀洀戀椀挀 瀀攀渀琀愀洀攀琀攀爀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 琀栀爀攀攀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 攀渀瘀漀椀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 渀漀 爀栀礀洀攀猀㬀ഊrather, the poet selects six words, and ends each line with one of the six, ਀椀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 䄀䈀䌀䐀䔀䘀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 猀琀愀渀稀愀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 䘀䄀䈀䌀䐀䔀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 ഊthird EFABCD, and so on. The envoi must contain all six words, but not ਀渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀⸀ 䄀渀 漀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瀀攀爀椀漀搀 眀爀椀琀攀爀 猀愀礀猀 ∀吀栀攀 猀攀猀琀椀渀愀 椀猀 愀 ഊdangerous experiment, on which only poets of the first rank should venture". ਀⠀唀渀搀愀甀渀琀攀搀Ⰰ 䤀✀洀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 漀渀 漀渀攀 愀渀礀眀愀礀⸀⤀ 䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 䤀 眀愀猀 甀渀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 氀漀挀愀琀攀 ഊa period sestina, I'm posting one in English, written by Kipling in 1896. ਀一漀琀椀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 攀瘀攀渀 栀攀 眀愀猀 昀漀爀挀攀搀 琀漀 挀栀攀愀琀㨀 栀攀 爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀猀 ∀氀漀渀最∀ 眀椀琀栀 ∀愀氀漀渀最∀ഊin stanza 5. ਀ഊ Sestina of the Tramp Royal ਀                 刀甀搀礀愀爀搀 䬀椀瀀氀椀渀最ഊ ਀匀瀀攀愀欀椀渀✀ 椀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀Ⰰ 䤀 ✀愀瘀攀 琀爀椀攀搀 ✀攀洀 愀氀氀ⴀⴀഊThe 'appy roads that take you o're the world. ਀匀瀀攀愀欀椀渀✀ 椀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀Ⰰ 䤀 ✀愀瘀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀洀 最漀漀搀ഊFor such as cannot use one bed too long ਀䈀甀琀 洀甀猀琀 最攀琀 ✀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 愀猀 䤀 ✀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀ⰀഊAnd go observin' matters 'till they die. ਀ഊWhat do it matter where or 'ow we die, ਀匀漀 氀漀渀最 愀猀 眀攀✀瘀攀 漀甀爀 ✀攀愀氀琀栀 琀漀 眀愀琀挀栀 椀琀 愀氀氀ⴀⴀഊThe different ways that different things are done, ਀䄀渀搀 洀攀渀 愀渀搀 眀漀洀攀渀 氀漀瘀椀渀✀ 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀氀搀㬀ഊTakin' our chances as they come along, ਀䄀渀搀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 愀椀渀✀琀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀琀攀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 最漀漀搀㼀ഊ ਀䤀渀 挀愀猀栀 漀爀 挀爀攀搀椀琀ⴀⴀ渀漀Ⰰ 椀琀 愀椀渀怀琀 渀漀 最漀漀搀㬀ഊYou 'ave to 'ave the 'abit or you'd die, ਀唀渀氀攀猀猀 礀漀甀 氀椀瘀攀搀 礀漀甀爀 氀椀昀攀 戀甀琀 漀渀攀 搀愀礀 氀漀渀最ⰀഊNor didn't prophecy nor fret at all, ਀䈀甀琀 搀爀攀眀 礀漀甀爀 琀甀挀欀攀爀 猀漀洀攀✀漀眀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀ⰀഊAn' never bothered what you might ha' done. ਀ഊBut, Gawd, what things are they I 'aven't done? ਀䤀✀瘀攀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 洀礀 ✀愀渀搀 琀漀 洀漀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀✀ 琀甀爀渀攀搀 椀琀 最漀漀搀ⰀഊIn various situations round the world-- ਀䘀漀爀 ✀椀洀 琀栀愀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 眀漀爀欀 洀甀猀琀 猀甀爀攀氀礀 搀椀攀㬀ഊBut that's no reason man should labor all ਀✀䤀猀 氀椀昀攀 漀渀 漀渀攀 猀愀洀攀 猀栀椀昀琀ⴀⴀ氀椀昀攀✀猀 渀漀渀攀 猀漀 氀漀渀最⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀昀漀爀攀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 樀漀戀 琀漀 樀漀戀 䤀✀瘀攀 洀漀瘀攀搀 愀氀漀渀最⸀ഊPay couldn't 'old me when my time was done, ਀䘀漀爀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 椀渀 洀礀 ✀攀愀搀 甀瀀猀攀琀 椀琀 愀氀氀ⰀഊTill I 'ad dropped whatever 'twas for good, ਀䄀渀✀Ⰰ 漀甀琀 愀琀 猀攀愀Ⰰ 戀攀✀攀氀搀 琀栀攀 搀漀挀欀ⴀ氀椀最栀琀猀 搀椀攀ⰀഊAn' met my mate--the wind that tramps the world! ਀ഊIt's like a book, I think, this bloomin' world, ਀圀栀椀挀栀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 爀攀愀搀 愀渀搀 挀愀爀攀 昀漀爀 樀甀猀琀 猀漀 氀漀渀最ⰀഊBut presently you feel that you will die ਀唀渀氀攀猀猀 礀漀甀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 瀀愀最攀 礀漀甀✀爀攀 爀攀愀搀椀渀✀ 搀漀渀攀ⰀഊAn' turn another--likely not so good; ਀䈀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 礀漀甀✀爀攀 愀昀琀攀爀 椀猀 琀漀 琀甀爀渀 ✀攀洀 愀氀氀⸀ഊ ਀䜀愀眀搀 戀氀攀猀猀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀氀搀℀ 圀栀愀琀攀瘀攀爀 猀栀攀 栀愀琀栀 搀漀渀攀ⴀⴀഊExcep' when awful long--I've found it good. ਀匀漀 眀爀椀琀攀Ⰰ 戀攀昀漀爀攀 䤀 搀椀攀Ⰰ ∀✀䔀 氀椀欀攀搀 椀琀 愀氀氀℀∀ഊ ਀䤀 昀椀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 瀀漀攀洀 洀漀爀攀 猀琀椀氀琀攀搀 琀栀愀渀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 䬀椀瀀氀椀渀最✀猀 眀漀爀欀⸀ 䤀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀椀猀ഊis due to the unusually rigorous demands of the form. I will say, however, ਀琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀攀猀琀椀渀愀 昀漀爀洀 眀愀猀 洀甀挀栀 愀搀洀椀爀攀搀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀攀椀渀最 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 眀爀椀琀攀ഊin it was considered most impressive. ਀ഊAlison MacDermot ਀⨀䔀砀 唀渀最甀攀 䰀攀漀渀攀洀⨀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Wed, 20 Nov 91 08:10:09 EST ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀 愀琀 洀挀⸀氀挀猀⸀洀椀琀⸀攀搀甀ഊMessage-Id: ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀椀渀最 倀漀攀琀爀礀ഊ ਀匀椀渀挀攀 䤀 爀攀愀搀 琀栀攀 搀椀最攀猀琀 䤀 洀甀猀琀 瀀爀攀猀甀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 栀愀猀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀ഊanswered. But, if not, here is my humble answere. ਀ഊYes, you can document poetry. And, if you are entering an A&S ਀挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 䤀 猀甀最最攀猀琀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 搀漀 猀漀⸀  吀栀椀猀 椀猀 昀漀爀 琀眀漀 爀攀愀猀漀渀猀⸀ഊ ਀㄀⤀ 匀漀洀攀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 愀爀攀 漀戀猀攀猀猀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ And, will be much happier if they see that you have done ਀   ∀猀攀爀椀漀甀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀∀ഊ ਀㈀⤀ 䤀琀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 椀猀 琀爀甀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 爀攀愀搀 礀漀甀爀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀ഊ able to appreciate it much better if they have some background ਀   琀漀 最漀 戀礀⸀ഊ ਀䄀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀氀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 猀攀攀 愀ഊcalligraphed version of the poetry in which the calligraphy ਀洀愀琀挀栀攀搀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 攀琀栀漀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀礀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀漀攀洀⸀  䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀ⰀഊI would like to see a typed version of the poem so that I could ਀爀攀愀搀 椀琀 攀愀猀椀氀礀⸀ഊ ਀一漀眀 昀漀爀 眀栀愀琀 琀漀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀⸀  䔀愀挀栀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀 栀愀猀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀ഊone kind of poem. For example the same culture may have epic ਀瀀漀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀漀渀攀琀猀Ⰰ 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀漀渀最 昀漀爀洀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀ 愀氀氀 攀砀琀愀渀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀ഊtime. Ideally, you should be able to say what it is about your ਀瀀漀攀琀爀礀 琀栀愀琀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀猀 椀琀 愀猀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 瀀漀攀琀椀挀 昀漀爀洀猀ഊof the culture it is identified with. ਀ഊFurther, taking a poorly remembered example from High School English. ਀嘀攀爀礀 攀愀爀氀礀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 ⠀猀甀瀀瀀漀猀愀戀氀礀⤀ 眀愀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 甀瀀漀渀 洀攀琀攀爀⸀  吀栀愀琀 椀猀ഊit did not depend on assonance at all. And, there are still English ਀瀀漀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀琀爀漀渀最 猀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 洀攀琀攀爀⸀  吀栀甀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 礀漀甀爀ഊpoetry has a meter it should be possible to identify it and to discuss ਀眀栀攀渀 琀栀愀琀 洀攀琀攀爀 椀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀䰀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀氀氀椀琀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀⸀  䄀渀搀 猀琀椀氀氀 氀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀ഊinfluence of the Norman French, ryhme schemes became popular. ਀ഊThere also are example of acrostics in poetry. The examples that ਀䤀 愀洀 洀漀猀琀 昀愀洀椀氀椀愀爀 眀椀琀栀 愀爀攀 椀渀 䠀攀戀爀攀眀 瀀漀攀洀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀渀 猀栀漀爀琀Ⰰ 䤀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 洀甀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 猀愀礀 愀戀漀甀琀 礀漀甀爀ഊpoetry. I wish you every success at your upcoming arts competition. ਀ഊ Solveig Throndardottir ਀ഊ ਀倀漀攀琀椀挀 搀攀戀愀琀攀Ⰰ 爀漀甀渀搀 ㈀ഊ15 Jun 92 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 氀愀眀戀欀眀渀 愀琀 戀甀愀挀挀愀⸀䈀䤀吀一䔀吀 ⠀夀愀愀欀漀瘀 䠀愀䴀椀稀爀愀挀栀椀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 吀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀ഊ ਀唀渀琀漀 愀氀氀 眀栀漀 爀攀愀搀 琀栀攀猀攀 眀漀爀搀猀Ⰰ 最爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀ഊfrom Yaakov. ਀ഊMost pleased and gratifed have I been ਀吀漀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀猀 琀漀 洀礀 栀甀洀戀氀攀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀⸀ഊMany fine works of poetry seen ਀䘀愀爀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 洀礀 洀攀愀最攀爀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 洀愀渀愀最攀ഊ(I, alas, on the language wreaked caranage) ਀䈀甀琀Ⰰ 椀昀 椀琀 瀀氀攀愀猀攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 昀甀渀 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 琀漀椀氀ഊLet us continue anew in round royal ਀ഊThe Lady Illaine quite rightly replied ਀吀栀愀琀 眀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 氀攀愀爀渀 挀爀愀昀琀猀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 樀甀猀琀 瀀漀猀猀攀猀猀ഊFor example, wool hand spun and dyed ਀䜀椀瘀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 瀀氀攀愀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 戀甀礀椀渀最 愀 搀爀攀猀猀ഊPErhaps, but what of the terrible mess? ਀吀栀攀 昀爀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 攀渀搀甀爀攀ഊFor keeping our craft so pure ਀ഊIf making were effortless I would agree ਀吀栀愀琀 搀漀椀渀最Ⰰ 渀漀琀 栀愀瘀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀爀椀渀最猀 甀猀 樀漀礀ഊBut as I suet o'er my poor poetry ਀匀攀氀攀挀琀椀渀最 攀愀挀栀 眀漀爀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 攀礀攀ഊHoping my miserable works don't annoy ਀䤀 眀椀猀栀 琀栀愀琀 愀 洀愀猀琀攀爀瀀椀攀挀攀 䤀✀搀 猀瀀甀渀ഊWith no more effort than playing in the sun ਀ഊBut we who labor under Adam's curse, ਀䄀渀搀 洀愀欀攀 漀甀爀 最漀漀搀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀甀攀琀 漀昀 漀甀爀 戀爀漀眀ഊKnow its the bread we would produce ਀䄀渀搀 渀漀琀 琀栀攀 瀀愀椀渀 漀昀 愀 戀愀挀欀 戀攀渀琀 搀漀眀渀ഊWe crave the pleasures and the renown ਀伀昀 栀愀爀搀 眀漀渀 猀欀椀氀氀猀⸀  䤀 栀漀瀀攀 䤀✀洀 猀栀漀眀椀渀最ഊThe joys in the having, not in the doing ਀ഊ(As I understand it, rhyme royal is ਀䄀䈀䄀䈀䈀䌀䌀⸀ഊGood Mistress Dorigen, If you should ਀眀椀猀栀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 搀攀愀爀氀礀 眀椀猀栀ഊyou should--for surely then we would see ਀洀愀爀瘀攀氀漀甀猀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 瀀漀漀爀 瀀漀攀琀愀猀琀攀爀猀ഊlike myself green with envy--I would ਀戀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 栀愀瀀瀀礀 琀漀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 渀攀琀ഊanything you care to mail me.) ਀⠀䈀吀圀Ⰰ 栀愀猀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 戀攀攀渀 猀愀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀猀攀㼀ഊIt totally slipped my mind, curse me ਀昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀漀漀氀 䤀 愀洀℀⤀ഊ ਀夀愀愀欀漀瘀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: gary.spechko at t8000.cuc.ab.CA ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: LIMERICKS NOT PERIOD ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㄀㔀 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㌀ 　㈀㨀㄀　㨀㄀㜀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊOrganization: T-8000 Information System ਀ഊ * Reply to msg originally in rec_org_sca ਀ 一攀㸀 倀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀攀爀椀挀猀 瀀攀爀 猀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀ഊ Ne> meters around which vulgar poems were built. In other words, the ਀ 一攀㸀 洀攀搀椀愀瘀愀氀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀漀挀椀愀氀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀洀攀爀椀挀⸀ഊ Ne> Probably many different meters, one for each town that was so ਀ 一攀㸀 椀渀挀氀椀渀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀䤀琀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀⸀  䤀渀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 洀漀猀琀ഊperiod poetry was written in either Latin or Anglo-Saxon ('Old ਀䔀渀最氀椀猀栀✀⤀⸀ 䤀 眀椀氀氀 搀攀愀氀 眀椀琀栀 䰀愀琀椀渀 氀愀琀攀爀⸀  䄀渀最氀漀ⴀ匀愀砀漀渀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀ഊrhyme; it was entirely accentual verse (each line was broken in two. The ਀昀椀爀猀琀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀 栀愀猀 琀眀漀 栀愀爀搀ⴀ猀琀爀攀猀猀 猀礀氀氀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀爀攀ഊalliterative in every case except for the very first line of the poem. ਀吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀 栀愀搀 ⨀愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀⨀ 漀渀攀 栀愀爀搀ⴀ猀琀爀攀猀猀 猀礀氀氀愀戀氀攀ഊwhich was alliterative with the hard-stress syllables in the first half ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀⤀⸀  吀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀攀搀 昀漀爀洀 甀渀琀椀氀 眀攀氀氀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 一漀爀洀愀渀ഊinvasion (Piers Plowman, for example, is written in this style in Middle ਀䔀渀最氀椀猀栀⤀㬀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 琀漀 ㄀㐀　　⸀ഊ The Normans introduced rhyming poetry to England in 1066. It was, of ਀挀漀甀爀猀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀 琀栀攀 爀栀礀洀攀 挀愀洀攀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 愀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀ഊas the meter, which tended to be syllabic (each line had the same number ਀漀昀 猀礀氀氀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀愀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀漀猀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 氀椀渀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀搀 琀栀攀ഊsame number of syllables), and to ignore stresses entirely. ਀  倀漀攀琀爀礀 琀栀愀琀 洀漀猀琀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 爀攀愀搀攀爀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 洀漀猀琀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀 愀猀 猀甀挀栀ഊdidn't really occur until Chaucer's time (1375 or so), and wasn't in ਀琀爀甀氀礀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀愀戀氀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 ⠀䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 愀瘀攀爀愀最攀 昀椀爀猀琀 礀攀愀爀ഊuniversity student could understand) for well over another century, with ਀匀椀搀渀攀礀 愀渀搀 匀瀀攀渀猀攀爀 ⠀戀⸀㄀㔀㔀㈀⤀ 愀渀搀 匀栀愀欀攀猀瀀攀愀爀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀漀爀琀 漀昀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 椀猀ഊaccentual-syllabic, and is the style used in the vast majority of ਀䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀 琀漀搀愀礀⸀ ⠀一漀琀攀㨀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀ഊchanged very quickly in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, from ਀戀攀椀渀最 瘀攀爀礀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 琀漀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 攀愀猀椀氀礀ഊunderstood). ਀  倀漀攀琀爀礀 攀氀猀攀眀栀攀爀攀 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀礀氀氀愀戀椀挀 瘀攀爀猀攀 猀琀礀氀攀ഊ(the romance languages), or the accentual verse style (Germanic ਀氀愀渀最甀愀最攀猀⤀⸀  䰀愀琀椀渀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 漀渀攀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 眀攀猀琀攀爀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀⸀ഊ Latin poetry tended to be written in quantitative meter verse, as was ਀䜀爀攀攀欀 愀渀搀 匀愀渀猀挀爀椀琀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀⸀  伀渀攀 挀漀甀渀琀猀 琀栀攀 氀漀渀最 愀渀搀 猀栀漀爀琀 猀礀氀氀愀戀氀攀猀 瀀攀爀ഊline, rather than stresses or simple syllables. ਀ഊ ਀䤀 栀漀瀀攀 琀栀椀猀 洀愀搀攀 猀漀洀攀 猀攀渀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最椀瘀攀猀 愀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀ഊpoetry (and I hope, therefore is suitable for this newsgroup). A far ਀戀攀琀琀攀爀 攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䘀甀猀猀攀氀氀✀猀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀ഊ_Poetic_Meter_and_Poetic_Form_ (ISBN 0-07-553606-4). ਀      Ⰰ     Ⰰഊ- Thore de Bethume, ਀    䴀漀渀琀攀渀最愀爀搀攀ഊ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ਀䴀䬀䄀㨀 䜀愀爀礀 匀瀀攀挀栀欀漀                      匀䌀䄀㨀 吀栀漀爀攀 搀攀 䈀攀琀栀甀洀攀ഊ Internet: gary.spechko at t8000.cuc.ab.ca ਀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀縀ഊ ਀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 猀琀攀瘀攀漀 愀琀 渀洀琀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀匀琀攀瘀攀渀 䰀 䄀渀搀攀爀猀漀渀⤀ഊSubject: Re: Viking booze ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䘀甀最愀挀椀漀甀猀 吀栀漀甀最栀琀猀Ⰰ 䤀渀挀⸀ഊDate: Tue, 17 Oct 1995 21:36:59 GMT ਀ഊ>>>>> "C" == C Kevin Kellogg writes: ਀䤀渀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 㰀㐀㔀樀攀焀戀␀欀爀㠀 愀琀 最漀渀搀漀爀⸀猀搀猀甀⸀攀搀甀㸀 䄀瘀攀渀攀氀 䬀攀氀氀漀甀最栀 ⠀欀攀氀氀漀最最 愀琀 爀漀栀愀渀⸀猀搀猀甀⸀攀搀甀 ⴀ 䌀⸀ 䬀攀瘀椀渀 䬀攀氀氀漀最最⤀ 眀爀椀琀攀猀㨀ഊ ਀    䄀㸀 吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 ⠀琀栀攀 䘀氀礀琀椀渀最 漀昀 䰀漀欀椀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀ഊ A> lay involving Thor asking a Dwarf about lore) there seems to be ਀    䄀㸀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 搀椀猀琀椀渀挀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀⸀  吀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 挀甀瀀ഊ A> will be described, sometimes in the same stanza, of being ਀    䄀㸀 昀椀氀氀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀氀攀Ⰰ 戀攀攀爀Ⰰ 洀攀愀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀椀渀攀⸀  䤀猀 琀栀椀猀 愀渀 愀挀琀甀愀氀 伀氀搀ഊ A> Norse linguistic character (like the blue/black thing), or is ਀    䄀㸀 椀琀 愀渀 愀爀琀椀昀愀挀琀 漀昀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀㼀  䐀漀攀猀 伀氀搀 一漀爀猀攀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 栀愀瘀攀 㘀ഊ A> different words for mead, but the translator had to use ਀    䄀㸀 攀砀挀攀攀搀椀渀最氀礀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 眀漀爀搀猀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 眀攀 氀愀挀欀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀ഊ A> vocabulary? ਀ഊGreetings Avenel! ਀ഊIn Eddaic poetry, the writer would often use a form called a kenning ਀昀漀爀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀⸀  䤀琀✀猀 渀攀愀爀攀猀琀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 椀猀 愀渀 愀渀愀氀漀最礀⸀  䘀漀爀ഊinstance, a "fence of trees" might be used to mean a shieldwall - the ਀琀爀攀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀栀椀攀氀搀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀攀渀挀攀 椀洀瀀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀礀 甀猀攀搀ഊkennings for many things including rhythm, rhyme, and to show their ਀眀椀琀⸀  䬀攀渀渀椀渀最猀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 琀漀 搀漀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀漀椀渀最 漀渀攀 眀攀氀氀 眀愀猀ഊconsidered a sign of talent. ਀ഊSo, the cup filled with ale/beer/mead/wine was most likely the same ਀琀栀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀 挀甀瀀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 最攀渀攀爀椀挀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀⸀  䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 眀爀椀琀攀爀ഊwould make a kenning based on that to fit the poem, which might make a ਀琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 挀漀渀昀甀猀椀渀最⸀  䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 愀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 瘀攀爀礀ഊdifficult time using kennings without massively rewriting the poem. ਀匀甀挀栀 愀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 栀甀最攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀ഊannotations to explain to the reader the kennings. ਀ഊI believe the reference to a "brewing kettle" is also a direct ਀琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 漀渀氀礀 最甀攀猀猀 漀渀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀⸀  伀爀 椀琀ഊcould be that the writer was using it like I might say "stew pot" - ਀渀漀琀 椀洀瀀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 猀琀攀眀 椀猀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 琀栀椀渀最 䤀 攀瘀攀爀 洀愀欀攀 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 瀀漀琀⸀ഊ ਀吀眀漀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 戀漀漀欀猀 漀渀 一漀爀猀攀 匀挀愀氀搀椀挀 愀渀搀 䔀搀搀愀椀挀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 挀愀渀 戀攀ഊfound in the following books: ਀ഊ at Book{Turville76, ਀ 愀甀琀栀漀爀㴀笀䔀⸀伀⸀䜀⸀ 吀甀爀瘀椀氀氀攀ⴀ倀攀琀爀攀紀Ⰰഊ title={Scaldic Poetry}, ਀ 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀爀㴀笀伀砀昀漀爀搀Ⰰ 愀琀 琀栀攀 䌀氀愀爀攀渀搀漀渀 倀爀攀猀猀紀Ⰰഊ where={London}, ਀ 礀攀愀爀㴀笀㄀㤀㜀㘀紀紀ഊ ਀ 愀琀 䈀漀漀欀笀䘀爀愀渀欀㜀㠀Ⰰഊ author={Roberta Frank}, ਀ 琀椀琀氀攀㴀笀伀氀搀 一漀爀猀攀 䌀漀甀爀琀 倀漀攀琀爀礀紀Ⰰഊ publisher={Cornell University Press}, ਀ 眀栀攀爀攀㴀笀䤀琀栀愀挀愀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀紀Ⰰഊ year={1978}} ਀ഊSomething I am interested in (on a similar subject) are SCA style ਀欀攀渀渀椀渀最猀⸀  ∀䘀椀攀氀搀 漀昀 琀爀攀攀猀∀ 椀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 ⠀攀瘀攀渀 眀椀琀栀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀ഊusing metal shields), but I'd be interested in hearing others. ਀ഊ -Erik Sanvik ਀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀ഊ* Steven L. Anderson steveo at nmt.edu * ਀⨀ ㈀　㠀 㘀琀栀 匀琀爀攀攀琀                        猀琀攀瘀攀漀 愀琀 瀀爀椀猀洀⸀渀洀琀⸀攀搀甀         ⨀ഊ* Socorro, NM 87801 (505)835-5144 * ਀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀⨀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: ddfr at best.com (David Friedman) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Viking booze ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㄀㠀 伀挀琀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀 　㔀㨀㌀㜀㨀㔀㜀 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Best Internet Communications ਀ഊ> Greetings Avenel! ਀㸀 ഊ> In Eddaic poetry, the writer would often use a form called a kenning ਀㸀 昀漀爀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀⸀  䤀琀✀猀 渀攀愀爀攀猀琀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 椀猀 愀渀 愀渀愀氀漀最礀⸀ ഊ> -Erik Sanvik ਀ഊThat is true of skaldic poetry, but I didn't think kennings were used in ਀琀栀攀 䔀氀搀攀爀 䔀搀搀愀ⴀⴀ愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀Ⰰ 䤀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 漀昀昀 栀愀渀搀 琀栀椀渀欀 漀昀 愀渀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀椀琀猀 䤀 愀洀ഊfamiliar with. The skaldic kennings were often based on material in the ਀䔀搀搀愀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 洀攀愀渀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 䔀搀搀愀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最猀⸀ഊ ਀䐀愀瘀椀搀⼀䌀愀爀椀愀搀漀挀 ⠀眀椀琀栀 愀瀀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀琀 椀猀 氀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 昀攀攀氀 氀椀欀攀ഊsearching my library to make sure that my memory is right on this) ਀ⴀⴀ ഊddfr at best.com ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 欀攀氀氀漀最最 愀琀 爀漀栀愀渀⸀猀搀猀甀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀䌀⸀ 䬀攀瘀椀渀 䬀攀氀氀漀最最⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 戀漀漀稀攀ഊDate: 18 Oct 1995 14:54:02 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 匀愀渀 䐀椀攀最漀 匀琀愀琀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀ഊ ਀匀琀攀瘀攀渀 䰀 䄀渀搀攀爀猀漀渀 ⠀猀琀攀瘀攀漀 愀琀 渀洀琀⸀攀搀甀⤀ 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ ਀㨀 䤀渀 䔀搀搀愀椀挀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 眀爀椀琀攀爀 眀漀甀氀搀 漀昀琀攀渀 甀猀攀 愀 昀漀爀洀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最ഊ: for description. It's nearest English equivalent is an analogy. For ਀㨀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀 ∀昀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀爀攀攀猀∀ 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀愀渀 愀 猀栀椀攀氀搀眀愀氀氀 ⴀ 琀栀攀ഊ: trees are shields with the fence implying the formation. They used ਀㨀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最猀 昀漀爀 洀愀渀礀 琀栀椀渀最猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 爀栀礀琀栀洀Ⰰ 爀栀礀洀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀攀椀爀ഊ: wit. Kennings actually rather difficult to do, and doing one well was ਀㨀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 愀 猀椀最渀 漀昀 琀愀氀攀渀琀⸀  ഊ ਀ऀ䤀 愀洀 愀眀愀爀攀 漀昀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 眀愀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰഊwhile they do occur in Eddaic verse, they were far more common in skaldic ਀瀀漀攀琀爀礀⸀  䄀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最猀 眀攀爀攀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 漀渀攀ഊof the lays is noted by the translator for having kennings in a frequency ਀愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀椀渀最 猀欀愀氀搀椀挀 瘀攀爀猀攀⸀ഊ ਀ऀ䄀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 䤀 氀椀欀攀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最猀⸀  吀栀攀礀✀爀攀 愀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 瀀漀攀琀椀挀 瘀椀欀椀渀最 䨀攀漀瀀愀爀搀礀℀⸀ഊreally tests one's knowledge and ability to visualize metaphors. ਀ഊ: So, the cup filled with ale/beer/mead/wine was most likely the same ਀㨀 琀栀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀 挀甀瀀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 最攀渀攀爀椀挀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀⸀  䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 眀爀椀琀攀爀ഊ: would make a kenning based on that to fit the poem, which might make a ਀㨀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 挀漀渀昀甀猀椀渀最⸀  䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 愀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 瘀攀爀礀ഊ: difficult time using kennings without massively rewriting the poem. ਀㨀 匀甀挀栀 愀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 栀甀最攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀ഊ: annotations to explain to the reader the kennings. ਀ഊ The addition I have is pretty heavily annotated anyway, Of course, ਀䤀✀洀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀攀椀爀搀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 昀椀渀搀猀 琀栀攀 昀漀漀琀渀漀琀攀猀 愀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最ഊas the text. ਀ഊ One lay, in particular, is a didactic poem that sets forth the ਀渀愀洀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀渀最猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀攀猀椀爀Ⰰ 嘀愀渀椀爀Ⰰ 䴀攀渀Ⰰ 䄀氀昀猀Ⰰ 䐀眀愀爀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊHel's minions. In the stanza about alcohol, the translator uses the ਀琀攀爀洀猀 愀氀攀Ⰰ 戀攀攀爀Ⰰ 洀攀愀搀Ⰰ 搀爀愀昀琀⠀䤀✀洀 渀漀琀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀瘀攀 漀渀 琀栀椀猀 漀渀攀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀椀渀攀⸀ഊThese are very different things in my mind. ਀ഊ: I believe the reference to a "brewing kettle" is also a direct ਀㨀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 漀渀氀礀 最甀攀猀猀 漀渀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀⸀  伀爀 椀琀ഊ: could be that the writer was using it like I might say "stew pot" - ਀㨀 渀漀琀 椀洀瀀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 猀琀攀眀 椀猀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 琀栀椀渀最 䤀 攀瘀攀爀 洀愀欀攀 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 瀀漀琀⸀ഊ ਀ऀ吀栀愀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 洀愀欀攀 猀攀渀猀攀⸀  䨀甀猀琀 洀攀愀渀椀渀最Ⰰ ∀愀 瀀漀琀 戀椀最 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀ഊcook enough wort to make beer sufficient for all these deadbeats in ਀漀渀攀 戀愀琀挀栀∀⸀  䤀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 䄀攀最椀爀 渀攀瘀攀爀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 最攀琀 愀 爀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀氀 椀渀瘀椀琀攀ഊto Valholl. I think the Wanderer can be a bit of a cheapskate. ਀ഊ Thanks for the references, I'll see if the benighted library of ਀匀䐀匀唀 栀愀猀 琀栀攀洀⸀ഊ ਀ऀऀ䄀瘀攀渀攀氀 䬀攀氀氀漀甀最栀ഊ ਀ഊSubject: BG - Sonnets ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䨀甀氀 㤀㠀 ㄀㌀㨀　㠀㨀㔀㈀ 䴀匀吀ഊFrom: gemartt at mail.utexas.edu ਀吀漀㨀 戀爀礀渀ⴀ最眀氀愀搀 愀琀 䄀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀伀刀䜀ഊ ਀䤀✀瘀攀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 猀漀渀渀攀琀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 ㄀㌀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊthat the first person known to have published sonnets, is a Sicilian named ਀䜀椀愀挀漀洀漀 搀愀 䰀攀渀琀椀渀椀⸀  圀椀琀栀椀渀 愀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀 礀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀ഊform of Italian poetry. Dante (1265-1321) wrote sonnets, but it is ਀倀攀琀爀愀爀挀栀 ⠀㄀㌀　㐀ⴀ㄀㌀㜀㐀⤀ 眀栀漀 椀猀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 琀栀攀 洀愀猀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 攀愀爀氀礀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀ഊpoetry. ਀ഊEventually Petrarch's poetry would be introduced in Spain by the Marquis de ਀匀愀渀琀椀氀氀愀渀愀Ⰰ 椀渀琀漀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀 戀礀 䌀氀攀洀攀渀琀 䴀愀爀漀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 戀礀ഊSir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542) and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517-1547). ਀匀甀爀爀攀礀✀猀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 昀漀氀氀漀眀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 倀攀琀爀愀爀挀栀椀愀渀 爀栀礀洀攀ഊscheme, and were the basis for original English sonnets, which became very ਀瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀爀琀⸀ഊ ਀                           吀栀漀洀愀猀 漀昀 吀攀渀戀礀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 24 Oct 1999 19:54:28 MST ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䌀愀氀攀礀 圀漀甀氀昀攀∀ 㰀挀眀漀甀氀昀攀 愀琀 氀椀昀攀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊSubject: ANST - Fw: [TY] more poems ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䄀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀渀 䰀椀猀琀∀ 㰀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀 愀琀 䄀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀伀刀䜀㸀ഊ ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊFrom: Jean Corbin ਀吀漀㨀 吀夀 愀琀 爀攀愀猀栀攀氀洀⸀挀攀⸀甀琀欀⸀攀搀甀 㰀吀夀 愀琀 爀攀愀猀栀攀氀洀⸀挀攀⸀甀琀欀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊDate: Friday, October 22, 1999 12:50 PM ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嬀吀夀崀 洀漀爀攀 瀀漀攀洀猀ഊ ਀㸀䘀爀漀洀㨀 吀䠀䰀愀搀礀 䄀洀愀爀愀琀栀 䨀攀愀渀 礀爀 刀愀瘀攀渀 ⠀㄀⼀㈀ 圀攀氀猀栀Ⰰ ㄀⼀㈀ 䤀爀椀猀栀⤀ഊ> who loves good poetry and songs, ਀㸀ഊ>In my library, I have a trio of books that Ye might find of intrest, ਀㸀愀挀焀甀椀爀攀搀 漀渀氀礀 琀栀椀猀 礀攀愀爀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀愀琀 栀漀渀漀爀愀戀氀攀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䈀愀爀渀攀猀 愀渀搀ഊ>Noble. ਀㸀ഊ>1.. "A History of Wales" (Davies, John) ਀㸀       䤀䈀一匀 ⌀ 　ⴀ㜀㄀㌀ⴀ㤀㤀　㤀㠀ⴀ㠀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀㜀㄀㠀 瀀愀最攀猀㬀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀  椀渀昀漀⸀ 昀漀爀ഊ> our personas during medieval times. ਀㸀ഊ>2...."Strongholds and Sanctuaries, the Borderland of England and ਀㸀        圀愀氀攀猀∀ ⠀倀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 䔀氀氀椀猀 ☀  䴀漀爀最愀渀Ⰰ 刀漀礀⤀ 䤀匀䈀一⌀ 　ⴀ㜀㔀　㤀ⴀഊ> 0200-0 ....and/or ....9-780-750-902007...184 pages. Color ਀㸀         瀀栀漀琀漀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 漀昀 挀愀猀琀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀戀戀攀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀栀甀爀挀栀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊ> battlefields, rivers and caves and standing stones, etc. ਀㸀         䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀㨀 ∀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 猀琀愀最攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀愀爀 漀昀 ㄀㈀㠀㈀ഊ> Llewelyn had gone south into the region of Builth to try ਀㸀         愀渀搀 爀愀椀猀攀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 愀氀氀椀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 栀椀猀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀 䐀愀瘀椀搀 栀攀氀搀 琀栀攀ഊ> position in the north as well as he could. Not far from ਀㸀         琀栀攀猀攀 爀漀挀欀猀 ⠀椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀栀漀琀漀⤀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 刀椀瘀攀爀 䔀搀眀ഊ> empties into the Wye under these rocks, Llewelyn was ਀㸀         欀椀氀氀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 琀栀爀漀攀猀 漀昀 愀 昀椀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀搀 搀攀挀氀椀洀愀琀攀搀 栀椀猀ഊ> forces in his absence, a local man having betrayed to the ਀㸀         䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 愀 猀攀挀爀攀琀 昀漀爀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 攀渀愀戀氀攀搀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 挀爀漀猀猀 琀栀攀 爀椀瘀攀爀ഊ> undetected and surround the Welsh, who had expected ਀㸀         愀琀琀愀挀欀 漀渀氀礀 戀礀 琀栀攀 戀爀椀搀最攀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 䰀氀攀眀攀氀礀渀✀猀 搀攀愀琀栀 䐀愀瘀椀搀Ⰰഊ> so long uncertain in his loyalties, assumed the burden his ਀㸀         戀爀漀琀栀攀爀 栀愀搀 氀攀昀琀 戀攀栀椀渀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 椀琀 昀愀椀琀栀昀甀氀氀礀 琀漀 椀琀猀ഊ> tragic end." ਀㸀ഊ>3. ..."The Triumph Tree" (edited by Clancy, Thomas Owen) ਀㸀        䤀匀䈀一⌀ 　ⴀ㠀㘀㈀㐀㄀ⴀ㜀㠀㜀ⴀ㈀ 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀✀猀 攀愀爀氀椀攀猀琀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 㬀 㘀琀栀ഊ> century to 1350 A.D...Translated from Latin, Welsh, ਀㸀        䜀愀攀氀椀挀Ⰰ 伀氀搀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 一漀爀猀攀⸀⸀圀椀琀栀 愀 瀀爀漀渀漀甀渀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀ഊ> guide (Welsh and Gaelic) for words, place-names, and ਀㸀        倀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀ⴀ渀愀洀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Paul DeLisle ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀 伀挀琀 ㈀㘀Ⰰ ㈀　　㌀  ㄀㨀㈀㐀㨀　㈀ 倀䴀 唀匀⼀䌀攀渀琀爀愀氀ഊTo: "D. Vandever" , "Kingdom of Ansteorra - SCA, Inc." ਀㰀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊSubject: RE: [Ansteorra] Needing help for learning how to document ਀ഊ> I recently ਀㸀 眀爀漀琀攀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 愀 戀椀琀 漀昀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 愀 挀氀愀猀猀椀挀 猀琀漀爀礀ഊ> at a bardic circle. The judges were complimentary but very united ਀㸀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀瀀椀渀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 氀攀愀爀渀 栀漀眀 琀漀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 琀栀攀ഊ> styles I wrote and performed in. Now way back in high school, 35 ਀㸀 漀爀 㐀　 礀攀愀爀猀 愀最漀Ⰰ 䤀 瘀愀最甀攀氀礀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 ⨀椀愀洀戀椀挀ഊ> pentameter* from my junior English class but that is just about ਀㸀 椀琀⸀ 䤀昀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 昀漀氀欀猀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀琀栀攀爀 ⠀愀渀搀 䤀✀洀 猀甀爀攀 琀栀攀爀攀ഊ> are) who can help me find, learn, document what poetry and story ਀㸀 猀琀礀氀攀猀 䤀 甀猀攀 漀爀 洀椀最栀琀 甀猀攀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 洀漀猀琀 最爀愀琀攀昀甀氀 昀漀爀 礀漀甀爀 椀渀瀀甀琀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 䠀䰀 䄀渀渀攀猀 䌀氀漀琀椀氀搀攀 瘀漀渀 䈀愀洀戀甀爀最ഊ> Shire of GatesEdge ਀ഊHere's a couple of quick links: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀氀椀琀攀爀愀㄀渀漀㐀⸀琀爀椀瀀漀搀⸀挀漀洀⼀洀攀琀攀爀开昀爀愀洀攀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀甀渀椀⸀攀搀甀⼀縀最漀琀攀爀愀⼀䌀爀愀昀琀伀昀倀漀攀琀爀礀⼀ഊ ਀漀爀Ⰰ 椀昀 礀漀甀 ⨀爀攀愀氀氀礀⨀ 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 最攀琀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀㨀ഊhttp://www.cybercom.net/~klb/primer.html#intro ਀⠀琀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀 瀀爀椀洀攀爀 漀渀 圀攀氀猀栀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 洀攀琀攀爀猀⸀⸀⸀⤀ഊ ਀吀栀漀猀攀 挀愀渀 最攀琀 礀漀甀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀⸀⸀戀甀琀 䤀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀 愀 最漀漀搀 戀漀漀欀 ഊon the subject (haunt the second-hand shops, or the College textbook ਀猀琀漀爀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䄀氀搀攀渀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 10:41:28 -0500 (EST) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 㰀樀攀渀渀攀 愀琀 昀椀攀搀氀攀爀昀愀洀椀氀礀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: [SCA-AS] SCOUT Report: Love & Yearning Interactive ਀吀漀㨀 䄀爀琀猀 愀渀搀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀愀爀琀猀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀最愀氀氀漀眀最氀愀猀猀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 匀挀漀甀琀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀㨀ഊ ਀㄀㄀⸀ 䰀漀瘀攀 ☀ 夀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 䤀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀㨀 匀洀椀琀栀猀漀渀椀愀渀 䘀爀攀攀爀 愀渀搀 匀愀挀欀氀攀爀 䜀愀氀氀攀爀椀攀猀ഊhttp://www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/loveyearning/ ਀ഊThe Smithsonian Institution presents this interactive web exhibit in ਀挀漀渀挀攀爀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 氀愀爀最攀爀 猀栀漀眀 漀昀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀ഊlyrical poetry from the 15th to 17th centuries. The interactive website ਀昀攀愀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀攀 䠀愀昀琀 愀眀爀愀渀最 ⠀匀攀瘀攀渀 吀栀爀漀渀攀猀⤀ 挀漀洀瀀漀猀攀搀 戀礀 䄀戀搀甀氀ⴀ刀愀栀洀愀渀 䨀愀洀椀ഊ(1441-1492). The Haft awrang consists of seven poems, such as The Gift of ਀琀栀攀 䘀爀攀攀Ⰰ 愀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 洀漀爀愀氀 琀愀氀攀猀 漀渀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊworld, and the temptations of beauty, power and poetry. Select a poem, and ਀戀爀漀眀猀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 眀椀渀搀漀眀猀Ⰰ 猀栀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀甀氀氀 瀀愀最攀 猀瀀爀攀愀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊoriginal manuscript, zoomable details, and a summary of the story of each ਀瀀漀攀洀⸀ 䤀渀 猀漀洀攀 挀愀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀 愀甀搀椀漀 琀爀愀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 挀愀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 愀搀愀瀀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 䴀愀爀椀愀渀渀愀ഊShreve Simpson, Persian Poetry, Painting and Patronage: Illustrations in A ਀匀椀砀琀攀攀渀琀栀ⴀ䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀瀀椀攀挀攀 瀀氀愀礀猀 愀猀 礀漀甀 瘀椀攀眀 琀栀攀 椀洀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 愀挀挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀攀搀 戀礀ഊmeditative Persian music. [DS] ਀ഊ-- Pani Jadwiga Zajaczkowa, Knowledge Pika jenne at fiedlerfamily.net ਀ഊ ਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ瀀漀攀琀爀礀ⴀ洀猀最ऀ倀愀最攀 ㄀㄀ 漀昀 ㄀㄀ഊ ਊ