Chaucer-Cifer-art - 4/18/09 ਀ഊ"Geoffrey Chaucer - Literary Genius? Of course, AND he used ciphers in his work" by Seigneur Lucien de La Rochelle. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: Ciphers-art, cryptography-msg, p-espionage-msg, Art-of-Arith-art, Med-Math-Sci-bib, alphabets-msg, scrpt-develop-art, Paleo-Scribes-art. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 眀愀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀琀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 漀爀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 眀椀氀氀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 最椀瘀攀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀 琀礀瀀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 挀栀攀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀椀爀猀琀 漀爀 挀栀攀挀欀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀ⰀഊMark S. Harris...AKA:..Stefan li Rous ਀猀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊNOTE: Other articles by this author and more information about the history of ciphers and cryptology may be found on his website at: http://www.freewebs.com/crypticallymedieval/ ਀ഊGeoffrey Chaucer ਀䰀椀琀攀爀愀爀礀 䜀攀渀椀甀猀㼀ഊOf course, AND he used ciphers in his work. ਀ ഊby Seigneur Lucien de La Rochelle ਀ ഊ "A secret between two people is only safe if one of them is dead". I have no idea who should be credited with this statement, but it holds true for much of history. Since the beginning of the written language, there are those who strive to keep secrets written down and those who strive to learn those secrets. Cryptography, from the Greek words kryptos (hidden) and graphia (writing), is the study of both encryption and decryption of ciphers and codes. Concentrating on ciphers for this work, I will give a brief explanation of how ciphers work and a little history leading up to the Vigenere Cipher used in this work. ਀ഊ Ciphers have been in use since an unnamed scribe in ancient Egypt enciphered the hieroglyphs on a pharaoh's tomb to add dignity to the writing. Julius Caesar, one of the world's greatest generals, knew of the importance of keeping plans from his enemies and used what is now known as the Caesar Cipher. Encryption of letters is one of the arts that are discussed in the Kama Sutra. Even the Bible has two known and three suspected ciphers in it. ਀ഊ Secret formulae, diplomatic dispatches, love letters, even some diaries have known the touch of encryptions. The English monk, Roger Bacon, once stated in his "Secret Works of Art and the Nullity of Magic" written about mid-thirteenth century "A man is crazy who writes a secret in any other way than one which will conceal it from the vulgar". He then lists seven ways of using ciphers. Even Geoffrey Chaucer, father of English literature seems to have used encipherment. ਀ഊ Born in 1343, Geoffrey Chaucer played many roles in his time. Some of them the usual for someone of his station: page, courtier, diplomat, and civil servant, even prisoner of war! But it is his writings they make him famous in these modern times. Known especially for his unfinished "Canterbury Tales", he was the first to prove that the English language could be used for stories, poems, and fables. ਀ഊ Chaucer was also quick to pursue other studies that took his fancy. In the field of Astronomy, he created a work (for his son) called "Treatise on the Astrolabe"; and is (so far) credited for the work "The Equatorie of the Planetis". Though there is still some dissent in the literary community as to whether or not Chaucer actually wrote "The Equatorie of the Planetis", most of the leading researchers believes that it is written in his hand and seems to be a continuation of the treatise. ਀ഊ In the Equatorie, there appear several passages that are enciphered. While most of the volume is filled with formulae, the enciphered sections seem to be cheats for not having to use the "long form" of the mathematics involved. As an example, I have reproduced an enciphered section which when deciphered reads: ਀ ഊ"This table servith for to entre in to the table of equacion of the mone on either side". ਀ ഊIn other words, forget all of the formula that I have just previously given you, place the values you have into this table and it will give you the answer. ਀ഊ More enciphered passages are written throughout the text, usually following formulae for different equations. No explanation can be found in the writings, but one could conclude that it was given as some form of test, since it is a follow up to the first work. ਀ഊ Thank you for taking the time to read through this and observe my work. I hope you have enjoyed perusing this as much as I enjoyed creating it. I have a longer "short" history of codes and ciphers with me at this event. If you wish more information, please feel free to ask. I am always happy to spread the knowledge of historical encryption whenever given the chance (okay, I am just really enamored with the sound of my own voice). ਀ഊ ਀刀攀瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 䰀甀挀椀攀渀 搀攀 䰀愀 刀漀挀栀攀氀氀攀⸀ ഊ ਀匀漀甀爀挀攀猀㨀ഊ ਀䬀愀栀渀Ⰰ 䐀愀瘀椀搀 吀栀攀 䌀漀搀攀戀爀攀愀欀攀爀猀㨀 吀栀攀 匀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 匀攀挀爀攀琀 圀爀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀愀挀洀椀氀氀愀渀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀Ⰰ 䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 ㄀㤀㘀㜀 ⠀一漀 䤀匀䈀一⤀ 䰀椀戀爀愀爀礀 漀昀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀 䌀愀琀愀氀漀最 䌀愀爀搀 一甀洀戀攀爀㨀 㘀㌀ⴀ㄀㘀㄀　㤀⸀ഊ ਀匀椀渀最栀Ⰰ 匀椀洀漀渀 吀栀攀 䌀漀搀攀 䈀漀漀欀㨀 吀栀攀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 匀攀挀爀攀挀礀 昀爀漀洀 䄀渀挀椀攀渀琀 䔀最礀瀀琀 琀漀 儀甀愀渀琀甀洀 䌀爀礀瀀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ 䄀渀挀栀漀爀 倀甀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最Ⰰ ㈀　　　 䤀匀䈀一㨀 　㌀㠀㔀㐀㤀㔀㌀㈀㌀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䜀攀漀昀昀爀攀礀 䌀栀愀甀挀攀爀 圀攀戀猀椀琀攀Ⰰ 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 戀礀 䠀愀爀瘀愀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀⸀ 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀挀漀甀爀猀攀猀⸀昀愀猀⸀栀愀爀瘀愀爀搀⸀攀搀甀⼀縀挀栀愀甀挀攀爀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀䌀栀愀甀挀攀爀 䴀攀琀愀ⴀ瀀愀最攀Ⰰ 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 一漀爀琀栀 䌀愀爀漀氀椀渀愀 ⠀䌀栀愀瀀攀氀 䠀椀氀氀⤀ 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀甀渀挀⸀攀搀甀⼀搀攀瀀琀猀⼀挀栀愀甀挀攀爀⼀ഊ------ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 ㈀　　㘀 戀礀 䨀椀洀 䰀漀漀瀀攀爀⸀ 㰀樀椀洀氀漀漀瀀攀爀 愀琀 攀洀戀愀爀焀洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀⸀ 倀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 挀爀攀搀椀琀攀搀⸀  䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 渀漀琀椀昀椀攀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀昀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀猀 愀 挀漀瀀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀猀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀 攀洀愀椀氀 琀漀 洀礀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 琀爀愀挀欀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀愀渀欀猀⸀ ⴀ匀琀攀昀愀渀⸀ഊ ਀㰀琀栀攀 攀渀搀㸀ഊEdited by Mark S. Harris Chaucer-Cifer-art Page 4 of 4 ਀ഊ