Norse-lit-bib - 5/18/01 ਀ഊBibliography of Norse literature by Mistress Gunnora Hallakarva. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: Norse-msg, books-Norse-msg, Norse-crafts-bib, Norse-women-bib, V-Arts-and-A-art, Norse-games-art, pst-Vik-Norse-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊSubject: From the Norsefolk List ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ ㈀㤀 匀攀瀀 ㈀　　　 ㈀㄀㨀㈀㘀㨀㄀㔀 ⴀ　　　　ഊFrom: "Gunnora Hallakarva" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 伀氀搀 一漀爀猀攀 倀漀攀琀爀礀Ⰰ 匀愀礀椀渀最猀 愀渀搀 匀琀漀爀椀攀猀ഊ ਀ⴀⴀⴀ 䤀渀 一漀爀猀攀昀漀氀欀 愀琀 攀最爀漀甀瀀猀⸀挀漀洀Ⰰ 氀愀洀戀戀㜀㜀 愀琀 栀⸀⸀⸀ 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Hello. I have a question to ask. Is thare a good source for Viking ਀㸀 攀爀愀 瀀漀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀愀礀椀渀最猀 愀渀搀 猀栀漀爀琀 猀琀漀爀礀猀 漀甀琀 琀栀愀爀攀㼀 䤀洀 瘀攀爀礀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 ഊ> in Viking era writings. Thank you. ਀ഊI'm going to give some general info about various types of Old Norse ਀氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 戀攀氀漀眀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀 最漀漀搀 洀愀渀礀 氀椀渀欀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀猀 ഊavailable on-line. Start with the on-line materials, but don't ਀昀漀爀最攀琀 琀漀 挀栀攀挀欀 礀漀甀爀 氀椀戀爀愀爀礀 漀爀 戀漀漀欀猀琀漀爀攀 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀漀欀猀 ⴀⴀ ഊthe on-line materials, due to copyright restriuctions, are usually ਀瘀攀爀礀 漀氀搀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 攀瘀攀爀礀琀栀椀渀最 椀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀⸀ഊ ਀䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 渀漀琀攀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 攀瘀攀爀礀 琀椀琀氀攀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀 ഊavailable, neither the titles of the Viking works nor of modern ਀琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  吀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀渀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀℀ഊ ਀⠀㄀⤀ 嘀椀欀椀渀最 倀漀攀琀爀礀ഊ================== ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀Ⰰ 琀栀爀攀攀 洀愀椀渀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 瀀漀攀琀爀礀⸀  吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 ഊis Eddaic poetry, which is found in the Prose Edda. Eddaic verse is ਀愀渀漀渀礀洀漀甀猀 愀渀搀 椀猀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀攀爀猀⸀ ഊThe themes are mythical or drawn from heroic legends. Stanzas vary in ਀渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 氀椀渀攀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 瀀漀攀洀⸀ ഊ ਀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 渀漀琀Ⰰ 猀琀爀椀挀琀氀礀 猀瀀攀愀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 椀猀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀猀攀 ഊEdda of Snorri Sturluson. In the Prose Edda, Snorri was trying to ਀挀爀攀愀琀攀 愀 洀愀渀甀愀氀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀 漀昀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 瀀漀攀琀爀礀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 ഊthe mythological tales, meters, kennings, and so forth. This was to ਀栀攀氀瀀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀氀搀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 琀漀 栀攀氀瀀 瀀漀攀琀猀 眀栀漀 ഊcame later to create Old Norse poetry in the same style. ਀ഊEddaic Poetry ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊ ਀⨀ 吀栀攀 倀漀攀琀椀挀 䔀搀搀愀ഊLee M. Hollander, trans. Poetic Edda. Austin. Univ. of Texas Press. ਀㄀㤀㘀㈀⸀ ㈀渀猀 刀攀瘀椀猀攀搀 攀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㘀⸀  吀漀 漀爀搀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀 ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0292764995/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊCarolyne Larrington, trans. The Poetic Edda. World's Classics. ਀伀砀昀漀爀搀㨀 伀砀昀漀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀⸀ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀ 吀漀 漀爀搀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀 ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0192839462/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊHenry Adams Bellows, trans. The Poetic Edda. Edwin Mellen Press. ਀㄀㤀㤀㄀⸀ 吀漀 漀爀搀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀 ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0889467838/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊThe Poetic Edda ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀洀攀洀戀攀爀猀⸀愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀⼀挀戀猀甀渀渀礀⼀瀀漀攀琀椀挀开攀搀搀愀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀䠀愀瘀愀洀愀氀ഊhttp://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/4178/havamal.html ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀攀渀渀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀渀漀爀搀椀挀眀愀礀⼀栀愀瘀愀洀愀氀㈀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀⨀ 吀栀攀 倀爀漀猀攀 䔀搀搀愀ഊSturluson, Snorri. The Prose Edda. trans. Jean I. Young. Berkeley: ਀唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀愀氀椀昀漀爀渀椀愀 倀爀攀猀猀⸀ ㄀㤀㔀㐀⸀ 吀漀 漀爀搀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀 ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0520012321/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊSturluson, Snorri. The Prose Edda. trans. Anthony Faulkes. Everyman ਀倀愀瀀攀爀戀愀挀欀 䌀氀愀猀猀椀挀猀⸀ 吀漀 漀爀搀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀 ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0460876163/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊhttp://members.aol.com/cbsunny/prose_edda.html ਀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 椀猀 猀欀愀氀搀椀挀 瘀攀爀猀攀⸀  匀欀愀氀搀椀挀 瀀漀洀猀 愀爀攀 ഊusually attributed to named poets and many of them are praise poems ਀洀愀搀攀 昀漀爀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 樀愀爀氀 漀爀 欀椀渀最⸀ 匀欀愀氀搀椀挀 洀攀琀攀爀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀 猀琀爀椀挀琀 爀甀氀攀猀 ഊand can be very complex in structure, and the language used is often ਀挀漀渀瘀漀氀甀琀攀搀Ⰰ 欀攀渀渀椀渀最ⴀ爀椀挀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀 昀漀爀 琀栀漀猀攀 甀渀瘀攀爀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ഊpoetic tradition to understand without footnotes. ਀ഊA kenning is a riddling reference to one item or concept which does ਀渀漀琀 渀愀洀攀 椀琀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 猀甀最最攀猀琀猀 椀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 攀氀氀椀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 眀愀礀 椀渀 ഊwhich the subject is spoken of, which causes the listener or reader ਀琀漀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀⸀ ഊ ਀䄀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 漀昀 愀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最 椀猀 ∀眀漀甀渀搀ⴀ眀愀渀搀∀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀 猀眀漀爀搀Ⰰ ഊor "raven's-mead", which is blood, usually of men slain in battle. A ਀挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最 甀猀攀猀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 氀愀礀攀爀猀 漀昀 愀氀氀甀猀椀漀渀⸀  ഊ ਀䄀 琀眀漀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀Ⰰ ∀椀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀愀眀欀✀猀 氀愀渀搀∀ ⴀⴀഊ "the hawk's land" is the wrist, and "ice of the wrist" is a silver ਀戀爀愀挀攀氀攀琀⸀  ഊ ਀䄀 琀栀爀攀攀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 欀攀渀渀椀渀最 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀Ⰰ ∀挀栀愀爀椀漀琀ⴀ嘀椀搀甀爀 漀昀 眀漀渀搀爀漀甀猀ⴀഊwide ground of Endil" is similarly deciphered. Endil is the name of a ਀氀攀最攀渀搀愀爀礀 猀攀愀ⴀ欀椀渀最⸀ ∀吀栀攀 猀攀愀ⴀ欀椀渀最✀猀 最爀漀甀渀搀∀ 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 漀挀攀愀渀⸀ ഊThis gives us "Chariot-Vidur of the ocean," which can also be read ਀愀猀 ∀嘀椀搀甀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀爀椀漀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀挀攀愀渀⸀∀ ∀䌀栀愀爀椀漀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀挀攀愀渀∀ 椀猀 愀 ഊship, giving us "Vidur of the ship." Vidur is one of the heiti or ਀愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀攀 渀愀洀攀猀 漀昀 伀搀椀渀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀爀攀 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀愀渀 ∀最漀搀⸀∀ 吀栀攀 ∀最漀搀 漀昀 ഊa ship" is its captain. ਀ഊKennings can be even more complex than these, but a good translation ਀眀椀氀氀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 昀漀漀琀渀漀琀攀猀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀洀⸀ഊ ਀匀欀愀氀搀椀挀 倀漀攀琀爀礀ഊ-------------- ਀䈀爀愀最椀 䈀漀搀搀愀猀漀渀✀猀 刀愀最渀愀爀猀搀爀瀀愀⸀  䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瘀愀爀椀愀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊOld ਀一漀爀猀攀 琀攀砀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊhttp://cd1.fisher.su.oz.au/pubotbin/drapa?view=formonly ਀ഊLee M. Hollander, trans. The Skalds: A Selection of their Poems with ਀䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 一漀琀攀猀⸀ 䄀渀渀 䄀爀戀漀爀㨀 唀渀椀瘀⸀ 漀昀 䴀椀挀栀椀最愀渀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㐀㔀⸀ഊ ਀刀漀戀攀爀琀愀 䘀爀愀渀欀⸀  伀氀搀 一漀爀猀攀 䌀漀甀爀琀 倀漀攀琀爀礀⸀  吀栀攀 䐀爀琀琀欀瘀琀琀 匀琀愀渀稀愀⸀ഊ ਀䤀猀氀愀渀搀椀挀愀 㐀㈀⸀  䤀琀栀愀挀愀 一夀⸀  ㄀㤀㜀㠀⸀ 伀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瀀爀椀渀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀 搀漀 ഊa book search for it go to: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㠀　㄀㐀㄀　㘀　㘀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀䔀⸀伀⸀䜀⸀ 吀甀爀瘀椀氀氀攀ⴀ倀攀琀爀攀⸀  匀挀愀氀搀椀挀 倀漀攀琀爀礀⸀  伀砀昀漀爀搀⸀ ㄀㤀㜀㘀⸀ 伀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瀀爀椀渀琀Ⰰ ഊto have Amazon.com do a book search for it go to: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㄀㤀㠀㄀㈀㔀㄀㜀㠀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀刀甀猀猀攀氀氀 倀漀漀氀攀⸀  匀欀愀氀搀椀挀 倀漀攀琀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀愀最愀猀⸀  倀栀䐀 䐀椀猀猀攀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ഊToronto. 1975. May be ordered from University Microfilms Inc. ਀ഊRussell Poole. Skaldic Verse and Anglo-Saxon History: Some Aspects ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 倀攀爀椀漀搀 ㄀　　㤀ⴀ㄀　㄀㘀⸀∀  匀瀀攀挀甀氀甀洀 㘀㈀ ⠀㄀㤀㠀㜀⤀ 瀀瀀⸀ ㈀㘀㔀ⴀ㈀㤀㠀⸀ഊ ਀䐀椀挀欀 刀椀渀最氀攀爀⸀ 䘀漀爀洀愀氀 䘀攀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 䨀渀愀猀 䠀愀氀氀最爀洀猀猀漀渀✀猀 倀漀攀琀爀礀ഊand the Present Verse Translations. 1996-1998. ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀氀椀戀爀愀爀礀⸀眀椀猀挀⸀攀搀甀⼀攀琀攀砀琀⼀䨀漀渀愀猀⼀倀爀漀猀漀搀礀⼀倀爀漀猀漀搀礀ⴀ䤀⸀栀琀洀氀  ഊWebpage accessed 29 Sept 2000. Contains an excellent description of ਀琀栀攀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 猀欀愀氀搀椀挀 瀀漀攀琀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀✀洀 愀氀猀漀 攀愀最攀爀氀礀 愀眀愀椀琀椀渀最 愀 戀漀漀欀 戀攀椀渀最 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 戀礀 䴀椀猀琀爀攀猀猀 䈀爀礀渀栀椀氀搀爀 ഊjarla Kormaksdottir, "Women Skalds: Voices from the Medieval North". ਀匀栀攀 栀愀猀 椀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 栀愀氀昀 搀漀渀攀Ⰰ 猀愀礀猀 栀攀爀 眀攀戀瀀愀最攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 瀀漀攀琀爀礀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 刀甀渀攀 倀漀攀洀猀⸀  吀栀攀 爀甀渀攀 瀀漀攀洀猀 ഊare usually composed with a stanza for each of the runes, and we ਀琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀琀愀渀稀愀猀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀 愀 戀椀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 洀攀愀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀甀渀攀猀 ഊhad in terms of divination. ਀ഊRune Poems ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊBruce Dickins. Runic and Heroic Poems of the Old Teutonic Peoples. ਀䌀愀洀戀爀椀搀最攀⸀ ㄀㤀㄀㔀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 刀甀渀攀 倀漀攀洀猀ഊhttp://members.aol.com/cbsunny/rune_poems.html ਀ഊ ਀⠀㈀⤀ 嘀椀欀椀渀最 匀愀礀椀渀最猀ഊ================== ਀吀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀氀 琀攀爀洀 昀漀爀 ∀猀愀礀椀渀最猀∀ 椀猀 ∀最渀漀洀椀挀 眀椀猀搀漀洀∀⸀  吀栀攀 䈀漀漀欀 漀昀 ഊEcclesiastes in the Bible is one example of this type of literature. ਀吀栀攀 嘀椀欀椀渀最猀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀搀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⸀  䌀攀爀琀愀椀渀 猀愀礀椀渀最猀 漀挀挀甀爀 椀渀 ഊvarious places throughout the sagas and Eddas, but there is one ਀挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀 琀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀攀猀琀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 ∀嘀椀欀椀渀最 ഊsayings" in one place. This would be the poem "Havamal", which is a ਀瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀漀攀琀椀挀 䔀搀搀愀⸀  匀攀攀 琀栀攀 挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀戀漀瘀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 ∀䔀搀搀愀椀挀 ഊPoetry". ਀ഊ(3) Viking Short Stories ਀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀㴀ഊThe Vikings didn't really write short stories, at least not in the ਀猀攀渀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀 琀漀搀愀礀⸀  吀栀攀椀爀 瀀爀漀猀攀 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 眀愀猀 洀漀猀琀氀礀 ഊwritten down after the close of the Viking Age, and it is generally ਀琀栀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀琀漀爀椀攀猀 挀椀爀挀甀氀愀琀攀搀 漀爀愀氀氀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 瀀爀漀猀攀 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 猀瀀攀愀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 ഊbeing the saga, which can range in length from what we'd consider a ਀猀栀漀爀琀 猀琀漀爀礀 甀瀀 琀漀 愀 渀漀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 ︀愀琀琀爀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 愀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 ഊshort story, and often makes up a small part of a longer saga, and ਀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 漀昀琀攀渀 爀攀猀攀洀戀氀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 猀愀最愀猀⸀  䄀氀氀 琀栀爀攀攀 ഊtypes may have a basis in history, but should be understood to ਀戀攀 ∀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 昀椀挀琀椀漀渀∀ 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 甀渀搀椀猀瀀甀琀攀搀 昀愀挀琀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 ഊstories that revolve around mythical and fantastic elements as well. ਀ഊOne good way of locating translations is to look in a bibliography. ਀吀栀攀爀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 渀攀眀攀爀 漀渀攀猀 戀礀 渀漀眀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 漀渀攀 䤀 欀渀漀眀 漀昀 ഊis: ਀ഊFry, Donald K. Norse Sagas Translated into English: A Bibliography. ਀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䄀䴀匀 倀爀攀猀猀⸀  ㄀㤀㠀　⸀ 伀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瀀爀椀渀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀 搀漀 愀 ഊbook search for it go to: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㐀　㐀㄀㠀　㄀㘀㜀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀 ഊ ਀䈀攀氀漀眀 䤀✀瘀攀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 瀀爀椀渀琀 愀渀搀 漀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀  伀昀琀攀渀 琀栀攀爀攀 ഊare several sources containing the same tale. The listings are ਀栀攀愀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 愀猀琀攀爀椀猀欀 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 伀氀搀 一漀爀猀攀 渀愀洀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ ഊthen any sources for the story that I happen to be aware of. ਀ഊ* Bandamanna Saga (The Saga of the Confederates) ਀倀愀氀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀洀愀渀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䌀漀渀昀攀搀攀爀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 䠀攀渀ⴀ吀栀漀爀椀爀⸀ ⠀䈀愀渀搀愀洀愀渀渀愀 ഊSaga and Hænsa-Þóris Saga). Edinburgh: Southside. 1975. Out-of- ਀瀀爀椀渀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀 搀漀 愀 戀漀漀欀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 椀琀 最漀 琀漀㨀  ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0900025182/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊ* Egils saga Skallagrimssonar (The Saga of Egil Skallagrimsson) ਀䘀攀氀氀Ⰰ 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀渀攀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 䔀最椀氀✀猀 匀愀最愀⸀ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀㨀 䨀⸀䴀⸀ 䐀攀渀琀 ☀ 匀漀渀猀⸀ ㄀㤀㜀㔀⸀ ഊTo order from Amazon.com: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㐀㘀　㠀㜀㈀㘀㔀㘀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀倀愀氀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀洀愀渀渀 愀渀搀 倀愀甀氀 䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 䔀最椀氀✀猀 匀愀最愀⸀ 䠀愀爀洀漀渀搀猀眀漀爀琀栀㨀 ഊPenguin. 1976. To order from Amazon.com: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㄀㐀　㐀㐀㌀㈀㄀㔀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀⨀ 䔀椀爀欀猀 猀愀最愀 刀愀甀愀 ⠀吀栀攀 匀愀最愀 漀昀 䔀爀椀挀 琀栀攀 刀攀搀⤀ഊJones, Gwyn, trans. The Norse Atlantic Saga. 2cnd ed. New York: ਀伀砀昀漀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀⸀  ㄀㤀㠀㘀⸀ 伀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瀀爀椀渀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀 搀漀 愀 ഊbook search for it go to: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㄀㤀㈀㠀㔀㄀㘀　㠀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀 ഊ ਀䴀愀最渀甀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䴀愀最渀甀猀 愀渀搀 䠀攀爀洀愀渀渀 倀愀氀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 嘀椀渀氀愀渀搀 匀愀最愀猀㨀 吀栀攀 ഊNorse Discovery of America. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 1965. To order ਀昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀  ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0140441549/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊhttp://www.nlc-bnc.ca/north/nor-i/thule/017e.htm ਀ഊ* Eyrbyggja Saga (The Saga of the Ere-Dwellers) ਀倀愀氀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀洀愀渀渀 愀渀搀 倀愀甀氀 䔀搀眀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 䔀礀爀戀礀最最樀愀 匀愀最愀⸀ 䈀甀昀昀愀氀漀㨀 ഊUniversity of Toronto Press. 1973. To order from Amazon.com: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㄀㐀　㐀㐀㔀㌀　㜀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀甀渀猀椀琀攀⸀戀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀⸀攀搀甀⼀伀䴀䄀䌀䰀⼀䔀爀攀䐀眀攀氀氀攀爀猀⼀ഊ ਀⨀ 䘀愀攀爀攀礀椀渀最愀 匀愀最愀 ⠀吀栀攀 䘀愀爀漀攀 䤀猀氀愀渀搀攀爀猀✀ 匀愀最愀⤀ഊJohnston, George, trans. The Faroe Islanders' Saga. Canada. Oberon ਀倀爀攀猀猀⸀ ㄀㤀㜀㔀⸀ 伀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瀀爀椀渀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀 搀漀 愀 戀漀漀欀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 椀琀 ഊgo to: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㠀㠀㜀㔀　㄀㌀㘀㈀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀⨀ 䜀愀甀琀爀攀欀猀 匀愀最愀ഊPalsson, Hermann and Paul Edwards, trans. Gautrek's Saga and Other ਀䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 吀愀氀攀猀⸀ 一攀眀  夀漀爀欀㨀 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀⸀ ㄀㤀㘀㠀⸀ 伀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀഊprint, to have Amazon.com do a book search for it go to: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㌀㐀　　㤀㌀㤀㘀堀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀⨀ 䜀攀猀琀愀 䐀愀渀漀爀甀洀 戀礀 匀愀砀漀 䜀爀愀洀洀愀琀椀挀甀猀 ⠀䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䐀愀渀攀猀⤀ഊhttp://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/DanishHistory/ ਀ഊ* Gisla saga Surssonar (The Saga of Gisli) ਀䨀漀栀渀猀琀漀渀Ⰰ 䜀攀漀爀最攀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 䜀椀猀氀愀 猀愀最愀 匀甀爀猀猀漀渀愀爀 ⠀吀栀攀 匀愀最愀 漀昀 䜀椀猀氀椀⤀⸀ ഊToronto: University of Toronto Press. 1959. To order from ਀䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀 ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0802062199/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊ* Grettir's Saga (The Saga of Grettir the Strong) ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀甀渀猀椀琀攀⸀戀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀⸀攀搀甀⼀伀䴀䄀䌀䰀⼀䜀爀攀琀琀椀爀⼀ഊhttp://www.luth.se/luth/present/sweden/history/lit/grettir/ ਀ഊ* Hænsa-Þóris Saga (The Saga of Hen-Thorir) ਀倀愀氀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀洀愀渀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䌀漀渀昀攀搀攀爀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 䠀攀渀ⴀ吀栀漀爀椀爀⸀ ⠀䈀愀渀搀愀洀愀渀渀愀 ഊSaga and Hænsa-Þóris Saga). Edinburgh: Southside. 1975. Out-of- ਀瀀爀椀渀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀 搀漀 愀 戀漀漀欀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 椀琀 最漀 琀漀㨀  ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0900025182/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊ* Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson (Chronicle of the Kings of Norway) ਀匀琀甀爀氀甀猀漀渀Ⰰ 匀渀漀爀爀椀⸀ 䠀攀椀洀猀欀爀椀渀最氀愀㨀 伀爀 琀栀攀 䰀椀瘀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一漀爀猀攀 䬀椀渀最猀⸀ ഊ1932; New York: Dover. 1990. To order from Amazon.com: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㐀㠀㘀㈀㘀㌀㘀㘀㔀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀甀渀猀椀琀攀⸀戀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀⸀攀搀甀⼀伀䴀䄀䌀䰀⼀䠀攀椀洀猀欀爀椀渀最氀愀⼀ഊ ਀⨀ 䠀攀椀琀栀愀爀瘀椀最愀 匀愀最愀 ⠀吀栀攀 匀愀最愀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䠀攀愀琀栀ⴀ匀氀愀礀椀渀最猀⤀ഊhttp://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Heitharviga/ ਀ഊ* Hrafnkels Saga Freysgoði (The Saga of Hrafnkel Frey's-Priest) ਀ഊPalsson, Hermann, trans. Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Icelandic Stories. ਀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 倀攀渀最甀椀渀⸀  ㄀㤀㠀㌀⸀ 吀漀 漀爀搀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀  ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0140442383/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊhttp://www.harborside.com/~vanfam5/ox/hsaga.htm ਀ഊ* Kormak's Saga (The Saga of Kormak the Skald) ਀䠀漀氀氀愀渀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䰀攀攀 䴀⸀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀愀最愀猀 漀昀 䬀漀爀洀愀欀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 匀眀漀爀渀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀⸀ ഊPrinceton: Princeton Univ. Press. 1949. ਀ഊhttp://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Cormac/ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀氀甀琀栀⸀猀攀⼀氀甀琀栀⼀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀⼀猀眀攀搀攀渀⼀栀椀猀琀漀爀礀⼀氀椀琀⼀挀漀爀洀愀挀⼀ഊ ਀⨀ 䰀愀砀搀愀攀氀愀 匀愀最愀ഊMagnusson, Magnus and Hermann Palsson, trans. Laxdaela Saga. ਀䠀愀爀洀漀渀搀猀眀漀爀琀栀㨀 倀攀渀最甀椀渀⸀ ㄀㤀㘀㤀⸀ ഊ To order from Amazon.com: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㄀㐀　㐀㐀㈀㄀㠀㤀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀甀渀猀椀琀攀⸀戀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀⸀攀搀甀⼀伀䴀䄀䌀䰀⼀䰀愀砀搀愀攀氀愀⼀ഊ ਀⨀ 一樀愀氀✀猀 匀愀最愀 ⠀愀氀猀漀 䈀爀攀渀渀甀ⴀ一樀愀氀猀 匀愀最愀Ⰰ 漀爀 吀栀攀 匀愀最愀 漀昀 䈀甀爀渀 一樀愀氀⤀ഊMagnusson, Magnus and Hermann Palsson, trans. Njal's Saga. ਀䠀愀爀洀漀渀搀猀眀漀爀琀栀㨀 倀攀渀最甀椀渀⸀ ㄀㤀㘀　⸀  吀漀 漀爀搀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀 ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0140441034/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊhttp://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Njal/ ਀ഊ* Orkneyingasaga (Saga of the Earls or Orkney) ਀䴀愀最渀甀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䴀愀最渀甀猀 愀渀搀 䠀攀爀洀愀渀渀 倀愀氀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 伀爀欀渀攀礀椀渀最愀 匀愀最愀㨀 吀栀攀 ഊHistory of the Earls of Orkney. New York: Penguin. 1978. Reprint ਀㄀㤀㠀㔀⸀ 吀漀 漀爀搀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀㨀  ഊhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0140443835/thevikinganswerl ਀ഊ* Sturlunga Saga ਀䴀挀䜀爀攀眀Ⰰ 䨀甀氀椀愀 䠀⸀ 愀渀搀 刀⸀ 䜀攀漀爀最攀 吀栀漀洀愀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀⸀ 匀琀甀爀氀甀渀最愀 匀愀最愀⸀ ㈀ 瘀漀氀猀⸀ ഊNew York: Twayne. 1970 and 1974. To order from Amazon.com: ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀洀愀稀漀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀攀砀攀挀⼀漀戀椀搀漀猀⼀䄀匀䤀一⼀　㠀　㔀㜀㌀㌀㘀㐀㜀⼀琀栀攀瘀椀欀椀渀最愀渀猀眀攀爀氀ഊ ਀⨀ 嘀愀琀渀猀搀漀攀氀愀 匀愀最愀⸀ ⠀匀愀最愀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀攀渀 漀昀 圀愀琀攀爀ⴀ䐀愀氀攀猀⤀ഊJones, Gwyn, trans. The Vatnsdaler's Saga. New York: Princeton ਀唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀⸀ ㄀㤀㐀㐀⸀ ഊ ਀⨀ 嘀漀氀猀甀渀最愀猀愀最愀 ⠀吀栀攀 匀愀最愀 漀昀 琀栀攀 嘀漀氀猀甀渀最猀⤀ഊhttp://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Volsunga/ ਀ഊ ਀䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀椀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 最攀琀 礀漀甀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀℀ഊ ਀㨀㨀䜀唀一一伀刀䄀㨀㨀ഊ ਀㰀琀栀攀 攀渀搀㸀ഊEdited by Mark S. Harris Norse-lit-bib Page 7 of 7 ਀ഊ