Norse-archery-msg - 4/6/01 ਀ഊNorse and Viking archery. Norse longbows. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: Norse-msg, Norse-food-art, books-Norse-msg, Norse-crafts-bib, amber-buying-art, Norse-games-art, archery-msg, bow-making-msg, arrows-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 29 Nov 1999 23:42:04 MST ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䌀⸀ 䰀⸀ 圀愀爀搀∀ 㰀最甀渀渀漀爀愀 愀琀 戀最愀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: Viking bow plans ਀吀漀㨀 最氀氀 愀琀 椀渀爀攀愀挀栀⸀挀漀洀ഊCC: "Mark.S Harris (rsve60)" ਀ഊMichael Lykinsg wrote: ਀㸀 䤀 愀洀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 瘀椀欀椀渀最 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 戀漀眀⸀  吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀⸀ഊ> Michael Lykins gll at inreach.com ਀ഊThe Vikings used longbows. The bow was used both for hunting meat and for ਀栀甀渀琀椀渀最 洀攀渀⸀  匀愀砀漀 䜀爀愀洀洀愀琀椀挀甀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 琀栀攀 一漀爀眀攀最椀愀渀猀 愀猀 ∀昀愀洀漀甀猀 戀漀眀洀攀渀⸀∀ഊ Icelanders, on the other hand, apparently did not use the bow much at all. ਀ഊLongbows were probably the most common type of bow, but one find has turned ਀甀瀀 愀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀 戀漀眀 昀爀漀洀 一漀爀眀愀礀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀攀渀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 椀爀漀渀 戀愀渀搀猀⸀  䰀椀欀攀 漀琀栀攀爀ഊweapons, bows could be ornamented, and examples are known of bows with ਀攀渀最爀愀瘀攀搀 爀甀渀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 挀愀爀瘀攀搀 欀渀漀琀眀漀爀欀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀⸀㴀㈀　ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀 眀椀搀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 䄀最攀 愀爀爀漀眀 栀攀愀搀 琀礀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 昀漀爀 昀漀眀氀椀渀最Ⰰഊdeer hunting, warfare, and other specialized uses. Arrow heads were ਀琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀氀礀 椀爀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 琀愀渀最攀搀 漀爀 猀漀挀欀攀琀攀搀⸀  吀栀攀 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀 愀爀爀漀眀栀攀愀搀 眀愀猀ഊleaf-shaped, but arrow heads could be barbed (kr=F3kr), blunt, or even ਀琀爀攀昀漀椀氀 椀渀 挀爀漀猀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 琀栀爀攀攀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最 戀氀愀搀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀ഊquiver was cylindrical, worn on a baldric and hung at the hip. These were ਀昀愀椀爀氀礀 氀愀爀最攀 焀甀椀瘀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 栀漀氀搀椀渀最 甀瀀 琀漀 㐀㔀 愀爀爀漀眀猀⸀ഊ Arrowheads are one of the most common weapons finds in men's graves, and ਀愀爀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 眀漀洀攀渀✀猀 最爀愀瘀攀猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀漀甀最栀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 琀椀洀攀 琀漀 最漀 搀椀最 甀瀀 愀氀氀 洀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀ഊbows in the Viking Age, there is a famous anecdote about a warrior standing ਀漀渀 搀攀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀猀 欀椀渀最 搀甀爀椀渀最 愀 猀攀愀 戀愀琀琀氀攀⸀  䠀攀 椀猀 猀琀爀甀挀欀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀栀攀猀琀 戀礀 愀渀ഊarrow, and when he pulls it out he says, "See how well the king keeps his ਀洀攀渀℀  吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 昀愀琀 戀礀 洀礀 栀攀愀爀琀℀∀ 爀椀最栀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 栀攀 搀椀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 琀愀氀攀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀 眀栀漀 洀愀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀愀琀愀氀 洀椀猀琀愀欀攀 漀昀ഊslapping his wife. Later, when his enemies have cornered him in his home, ਀栀攀 椀猀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 栀漀氀搀 琀栀攀 愀琀琀愀挀欀攀爀猀 漀昀昀 戀礀 洀攀愀渀猀 漀昀 栀椀猀 猀甀瀀攀爀氀愀琀椀瘀攀ഊmarksmanship. That is, until his bowstring broke. He then cried to his ਀眀椀昀攀 琀漀 瀀氀愀椀琀 栀椀洀 愀 渀攀眀 戀漀眀猀琀爀椀渀最 漀昀 栀攀爀 栀愀椀爀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 猀栀攀 爀攀昀甀猀攀猀Ⰰ 戀椀搀搀椀渀最 栀椀洀ഊto remember that last slap he gave her. ਀ഊThere is also a theme of magical archery found in association with accounts ਀漀昀 猀攀椀爀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 眀椀稀愀爀搀猀 愀爀攀 猀攀攀渀 琀漀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 猀栀漀漀琀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 愀爀爀漀眀猀 愀琀 漀渀攀ഊtime, often from their bare fingertips. They never run out of arrows, or ਀琀栀攀 愀爀爀漀眀猀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀搀攀爀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 愀最愀椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀昀琀攀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀最椀挀愀氀ഊarcher of this type cannot miss his mark. ਀ഊSome sources that mention Viking archery and archery equipment include: ਀ഊPeter G. Foote and David M. Wilson, The Viking Achievement. London: ਀匀椀搀最眀椀挀欀 ☀ 䨀愀挀欀猀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀　⸀  瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㠀㄀Ⰰ ㈀㜀㠀ഊ ਀䨀漀栀愀渀渀攀猀 䈀爀渀搀猀琀攀搀Ⰰ 吀栀攀 嘀椀欀椀渀最猀⸀  一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 倀攀渀最甀椀渀⸀  ㄀㤀㘀　Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㔀⸀ 瀀瀀⸀ ㄀㈀㌀⸀ഊ ਀挀挀㨀 䰀漀爀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀 氀椀 刀漀甀猀ഊ ਀㨀㨀䜀唀一一伀刀䄀㨀㨀ഊThe Viking Answer Lady ਀ഊ ਀吀漀㨀 一漀爀猀攀昀漀氀欀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀最爀漀甀瀀猀⸀挀漀洀ഊDate: Fri, 02 Feb 2001 03:44:38 -0000 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 戀愀爀漀渀戀漀愀爀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubject: Viking bows ਀ഊI don't believe you can characterize Viking bows into any one type. ਀夀攀猀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 氀漀渀最戀漀眀 ഊ(without the horn string nocks), but there were others that were of ਀搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀⸀  䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 愀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ഊtype in the Viking Age, as occurred later in England, as evidenced by ਀琀栀攀 戀漀眀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀礀 刀漀猀攀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 氀漀挀愀氀 猀琀礀氀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 ഊeven some widely accepted styles, but different types coexisted. ਀ഊSome of the first bows found in Scandinavia were with the Nydam ship. ਀吀栀攀猀攀 戀漀眀猀 眀攀爀攀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀搀 椀渀 ∀吀栀攀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 䄀最攀∀ 戀礀 䐀甀䌀栀愀椀氀氀甀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㠀㤀⸀  ഊThough no cross sections are shown, the two bows illustrated on page ਀㈀㈀㠀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 爀漀甀渀搀 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ猀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  唀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀挀愀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 ഊplate to determine the length, they were around six feet long. The ਀一礀搀愀洀 猀栀椀瀀 栀愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 戀攀攀渀 搀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 搀攀渀搀爀漀挀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 ㌀㄀　 ⴀ ㌀㈀　 ഊAD. - obviously before the Viking Age. ਀ഊHowever, they show characteristics that are also found on Viking age ਀戀漀眀猀⸀  伀渀攀 猀甀挀栀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀 椀猀 琀栀攀 渀愀椀氀 椀渀 漀渀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀 琀漀 ഊkeep the string from sliding down the bow when it is unstrung. ਀ഊThese same two bows and another bow are also described in Proceedings ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 倀爀攀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 昀漀爀 ㄀㤀㘀㌀Ⰰ 一攀眀 匀攀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 瘀漀氀⸀ 堀堀䤀堀Ⰰ 䌀氀愀爀欀Ⰰ 䨀⸀ ഊG.D., ed. The third bow illustrated has a roughly D-shaped ਀挀爀漀猀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䈀愀氀氀椀渀搀攀爀爀礀 戀漀眀 眀愀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀愀琀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀　琀栀 ഊCentury. It is believed to be Norse because of the related items ਀昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀眀攀氀氀椀渀最⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 最爀攀愀琀 搀攀琀愀椀氀 椀渀 ∀吀栀攀 䈀漀眀㨀 ഊSome Notes on its Origin and Development", by Gad Rausing. It was 73 ਀椀渀挀栀攀猀 氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 愀 䐀ⴀ猀栀愀瀀攀搀 挀爀漀猀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀搀氀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 ഊmore oval toward the ends. ਀ഊMore recent work on the subject of bows in Scandinavia can be found ਀椀渀 ∀䈀甀攀 伀最 倀椀氀  䘀爀愀 䐀愀渀洀愀爀欀猀 匀琀攀渀ⴀⰀ 䈀爀漀渀稀攀ⴀ 漀最 䨀攀爀渀愀氀搀攀爀∀ ⠀䈀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 ഊArrows from the Stoneage, Bronzeage and Ironage in Danmark), by Dan ਀䠀漀樀⸀  䠀攀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀猀 洀愀渀礀 猀挀愀渀搀椀渀愀瘀椀愀渀 戀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀爀漀眀猀⸀  䤀 搀漀 渀漀琀 ഊhave a copy of his book, only a few pages that the author sent me. ਀䤀琀 氀漀漀欀猀 琀漀 戀攀 愀渀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀 戀漀漀欀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 椀渀 䐀愀渀椀猀栀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 ഊattempting to find a publisher to translate the book into English. I ਀栀愀瘀攀 漀爀搀攀爀椀渀最 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀昀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 ⠀㄀㤀㤀㤀⤀ 眀漀爀欀 漀渀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 戀漀眀猀 椀猀 ∀倀昀攀椀氀 甀渀搀 䈀漀最攀渀 椀渀 ഊHaithabu" (Arrows and Bows in Hedeby) in "Das Archaologische ਀䘀甀渀搀洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 嘀䤀∀⸀  吀栀椀猀 椀猀 椀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 愀渀搀 椀猀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 琀漀 漀戀琀愀椀渀⸀  䤀琀 ഊtook me over a year to find a copy. There are only two copies in the ਀唀匀 琀漀 洀礀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀⸀ 䤀琀 栀愀猀 戀漀琀栀 瀀栀漀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀渀攀 搀爀愀眀椀渀最猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ഊbows found in Hedeby. They are around 6' long (one measured 75 ਀椀渀挀栀攀猀 ⴀ ㄀㤀㄀ 挀洀⤀ 愀渀搀 栀愀瘀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀爀漀猀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  吀栀攀礀 搀漀 渀漀琀 ഊnecessarily have the same type of crossection throughout the length ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀⸀  吀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 愀猀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 戀漀眀猀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 ഊhave the last few inches of the bow bent backward toward the archer ਀⠀䐀愀渀 䠀漀樀 栀愀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀攀搀 洀攀 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 椀洀洀攀爀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 琀椀瀀 椀渀 ഊboiling water)! The string is attached below this bend. On the top ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 漀渀氀礀 漀渀攀 渀漀琀挀栀 挀甀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀椀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀⸀  伀渀 ഊmany of the bows there is a nail a few inches below the notch to ਀挀愀琀挀栀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀椀渀最 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀 椀猀 甀渀猀琀爀甀渀最⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 渀漀琀挀栀 漀渀 琀栀攀 ഊother limb of the bow. The string was apparently tied in place so ਀琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀愀樀漀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 欀渀漀琀眀漀爀欀 眀愀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀挀欀眀愀爀搀 戀攀渀搀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 ഊthe limb, with the string attached just at the bend. These bows ਀愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 爀漀甀最栀氀礀 挀椀爀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀 挀爀漀猀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  匀漀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀搀 愀 䐀ⴀഊshaped crossection became more oval near the ends of the limbs. ਀ഊThat this bow design was somewhat widespread is evidenced by an ਀椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 愀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 琀栀愀琀 ഊshows a similarily shaped bow. ਀ഊThis publication also has photographs and descriptions of ਀爀攀瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 戀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀爀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀⸀ ഊ ਀䄀爀爀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀爀漀眀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 戀漀漀欀猀⸀  䐀甀 ഊChaillu states that the arrows from the Nydam ship were four fetched. ਀吀栀攀 爀攀瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀爀爀漀眀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 ∀倀昀攀椀氀 甀渀搀 䈀漀最攀渀 椀渀 䠀愀椀琀栀愀戀甀∀ 愀爀攀 ഊthree fletch. ਀ഊAs to quivers, DuChaillu describes and illustrates a wooden quiver, ਀爀漀甀最栀氀礀 挀椀爀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀 挀爀漀猀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  䄀 氀攀愀琀栀攀爀 焀甀椀瘀攀爀 ⠀愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 ഊat lest two different quvers) is described in "Die Lederfunde von ਀䠀愀椀琀栀愀戀甀∀ 愀渀搀 愀 搀爀愀眀椀渀最 猀栀漀眀猀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀 焀甀椀瘀攀爀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 氀漀漀欀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 栀漀瀀攀 琀栀椀猀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀渀搀 栀攀氀瀀⸀ഊ ਀刀愀最渀愀爀ഊ ਀ഊTo: Norsefolk at yahoogroups.com ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ 　㈀ 䘀攀戀 ㈀　　㄀ 　㌀㨀㐀㐀㨀㌀㠀 ⴀ　　　　ഊFrom: baronboar at yahoo.com ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 戀漀眀猀ഊ ਀䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀攀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 戀漀眀猀 椀渀琀漀 愀渀礀 漀渀攀 琀礀瀀攀⸀  ഊYes, some have been found that are similar to the English longbow ਀⠀眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 栀漀爀渀 猀琀爀椀渀最 渀漀挀欀猀⤀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 漀昀 ഊdifferent design. I don't believe there was a standardization of ਀琀礀瀀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 䄀最攀Ⰰ 愀猀 漀挀挀甀爀爀攀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀搀 戀礀 ഊthe bows found on the Mary Rose. There may have been local styles, or ਀攀瘀攀渀 猀漀洀攀 眀椀搀攀氀礀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀攀搀 猀琀礀氀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 琀礀瀀攀猀 挀漀攀砀椀猀琀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 戀漀眀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 匀挀愀渀搀椀渀愀瘀椀愀 眀攀爀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 一礀搀愀洀 猀栀椀瀀⸀ ഊThese bows were pictured in "The Viking Age" by DuChaillu in 1889. ਀吀栀漀甀最栀 渀漀 挀爀漀猀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀栀漀眀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 戀漀眀猀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 漀渀 瀀愀最攀 ഊ228 appear to have a round cross-section. Using the scale on the ਀瀀氀愀琀攀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀 氀攀渀最琀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 猀椀砀 昀攀攀琀 氀漀渀最⸀  吀栀攀 ഊNydam ship has recently been dated by dendrochronology to 310 - 320 ਀䄀䐀⸀ ⴀ 漀戀瘀椀漀甀猀氀礀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 䄀最攀⸀  ഊ ਀䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 猀栀漀眀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 昀漀甀渀搀 漀渀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 愀最攀 ഊbows. One such characteristic is the nail in one end of the bow to ਀欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 猀氀椀搀椀渀最 搀漀眀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 椀猀 甀渀猀琀爀甀渀最⸀  ഊ ਀吀栀攀猀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀眀漀 戀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 戀漀眀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 倀爀漀挀攀攀搀椀渀最猀 ഊof the Prehistoric Society for 1963, New Series, vol. XXIX, Clark, J. ਀䜀⸀䐀⸀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀  吀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀 戀漀眀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 栀愀猀 愀 爀漀甀最栀氀礀 䐀ⴀ猀栀愀瀀攀搀 ഊcrossection. ਀ഊThe Ballinderry bow was found in Ireland, and dates to the 10th ਀䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 一漀爀猀攀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 椀琀攀洀猀 ഊfound in the dwelling. It is described in great detail in "The Bow: ਀匀漀洀攀 一漀琀攀猀 漀渀 椀琀猀 伀爀椀最椀渀 愀渀搀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀∀Ⰰ 戀礀 䜀愀搀 刀愀甀猀椀渀最⸀  䤀琀 眀愀猀 㜀㌀ ഊinches long with a D-shaped cross section in the middle, which became ਀洀漀爀攀 漀瘀愀氀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀猀⸀ഊ ਀䴀漀爀攀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 眀漀爀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 漀昀 戀漀眀猀 椀渀 匀挀愀渀搀椀渀愀瘀椀愀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 ഊin "Bue Og Pil Fra Danmarks Sten-, Bronze- og Jernalder" (Bows and ਀䄀爀爀漀眀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 匀琀漀渀攀愀最攀Ⰰ 䈀爀漀渀稀攀愀最攀 愀渀搀 䤀爀漀渀愀最攀 椀渀 䐀愀渀洀愀爀欀⤀Ⰰ 戀礀 䐀愀渀 ഊHoj. He illustrates many scandinavian bows and arrows. I do not ਀栀愀瘀攀 愀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 栀椀猀 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ 漀渀氀礀 愀 昀攀眀 瀀愀最攀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 猀攀渀琀 洀攀⸀  ഊIt looks to be an excellent book. It is in Danish, but the author is ਀愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀椀渀最 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀爀 琀漀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 戀漀漀欀 椀渀琀漀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀⸀  䤀 ഊhave ordering information if anyone is interested. ਀ഊThe most recent (1999) work on Viking bows is "Pfeil und Bogen in ਀䠀愀椀琀栀愀戀甀∀  ⠀䄀爀爀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 䈀漀眀猀 椀渀 䠀攀搀攀戀礀⤀ 椀渀 ∀䐀愀猀 䄀爀挀栀愀漀氀漀最椀猀挀栀攀 ഊFundmaterial VI". This is in German and is difficult to obtain. It ਀琀漀漀欀 洀攀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 礀攀愀爀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 愀 挀漀瀀礀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 漀渀氀礀 琀眀漀 挀漀瀀椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ഊUS to my knowledge. It has both photographs and line drawings of the ਀戀漀眀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䠀攀搀攀戀礀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 㘀✀ 氀漀渀最 ⠀漀渀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀搀 㜀㔀 ഊinches - 191 cm) and have various cross sections. They do not ਀渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 挀爀漀猀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 氀攀渀最琀栀 ഊof the bow. The most interesting aspect of these bows is that they ਀栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 昀攀眀 椀渀挀栀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀 戀攀渀琀 戀愀挀欀眀愀爀搀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 琀栀攀 愀爀挀栀攀爀 ഊ(Dan Hoj has informed me this is accomplished by immersing the tip in ਀戀漀椀氀椀渀最 眀愀琀攀爀⤀℀  吀栀攀 猀琀爀椀渀最 椀猀 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀 琀栀椀猀 戀攀渀搀⸀  伀渀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀 ഊof the bow, there is only one notch cut in the side of the bow. On ਀洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀猀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 渀愀椀氀 愀 昀攀眀 椀渀挀栀攀猀 戀攀氀漀眀 琀栀攀 渀漀琀挀栀 琀漀 ഊcatch the string when the bow is unstrung. There is no notch on the ਀漀琀栀攀爀 氀椀洀戀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀⸀  吀栀攀 猀琀爀椀渀最 眀愀猀 愀瀀瀀愀爀攀渀琀氀礀 琀椀攀搀 椀渀 瀀氀愀挀攀 猀漀 ഊthat the majority of the knotwork was on the backward bending part of ਀琀栀攀 氀椀洀戀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀椀渀最 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 樀甀猀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀攀渀搀⸀  吀栀攀猀攀 戀漀眀猀 ഊappear to be roughly circular in crossection. Some that had a D- ਀猀栀愀瀀攀搀 挀爀漀猀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 洀漀爀攀 漀瘀愀氀 渀攀愀爀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀洀戀猀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀琀 琀栀椀猀 戀漀眀 搀攀猀椀最渀 眀愀猀 猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 眀椀搀攀猀瀀爀攀愀搀 椀猀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀搀 戀礀 愀渀 ഊillumination on an English manuscript from the eleventh century that ਀猀栀漀眀猀 愀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀椀氀礀 猀栀愀瀀攀搀 戀漀眀⸀ ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀猀 瀀栀漀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 ഊreproduction bows and arrows and their performance. ਀ഊArrows and arrow points are illustrated in most of these books. Du ਀䌀栀愀椀氀氀甀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀爀爀漀眀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 一礀搀愀洀 猀栀椀瀀 眀攀爀攀 昀漀甀爀 昀攀琀挀栀攀搀⸀ ഊThe reproduction arrows found in "Pfeil und Bogen in Haithabu" are ਀琀栀爀攀攀 昀氀攀琀挀栀⸀ഊ ਀䄀猀 琀漀 焀甀椀瘀攀爀猀Ⰰ 䐀甀䌀栀愀椀氀氀甀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀猀 愀 眀漀漀搀攀渀 焀甀椀瘀攀爀Ⰰ ഊroughly circular in crossection. A leather quiver (actually parts of ਀愀琀 氀攀猀琀 琀眀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 焀甀瘀攀爀猀⤀ 椀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 ∀䐀椀攀 䰀攀搀攀爀昀甀渀搀攀 瘀漀渀 ഊHaithabu" and a drawing shows how the quiver may have looked. ਀ഊI hope this has been of some interest and help. ਀ഊRagnar ਀ഊ ਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ一漀爀猀攀ⴀ愀爀挀栀攀爀礀ⴀ洀猀最ऀ倀愀最攀 㔀 漀昀 㔀ഊ ਊ