timeline-art - 4/17/95

Timeline of technology advances by Ioseph of Locksley.

NOTE: See also the files: medieval-tech-msg, blackpowder-msg, p-agriculture-msg,
occupations-msg, crossbows-msg, siege-engines-msg.

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NOTICE -

This file is a collection of various messages having a common theme that
I  have collected from my reading of the various computer networks. Some
messages date back to 1989, some may be as recent as yesterday.

This file is part of a collection of files called Stefan's Florilegium.
These files are available on the Internet at: http://www.florilegium.org

I  have done  a limited amount  of  editing. Messages having to do  with
seperate topics  were sometimes split into different files and sometimes
extraneous information was removed. For instance, the  message IDs  were
removed to save space and remove clutter.

The comments made in these messages are not necessarily my viewpoints. I
make  no claims  as  to the accuracy  of  the information  given  by the
individual authors.

Please  respect the time  and  efforts of  those who have written  these
messages. The  copyright status  of these messages  is  unclear  at this
time. If  information  is  published  from  these  messages, please give
credit to the orignator(s).

Thank you,
    Mark S. Harris                  AKA:  HL Stefan li Rous
    mark.s.harris@motorola.com            stefan@florilegium.org
************************************************************************

From: ioseph@primenet.com (Joe Bethancourt)
Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
Subject: Re: SCA Fallacies
Date: 11 Apr 1995 16:11:00 GMT

Brendt Hess (brendt.hess@nwcs.org) wrote:
: If anyone would like to add to this list, I will gladly keep it, an
: publish it here after a time.  In addition, if any would care to write
: a few paragraphs on the fallacy, we could collect those as well and use
: them to put together a T.I. Article / a Creative Anachronist / a booklet
: for newcomers (and schools!) that would help stop the spread of the
: fallacies.

: M. Vergilius, masochist-at-large :-)

Here's your start:

   *********************************************************************

         TECHNOLOGICAL AND ARTISTIC ADVANCEMENTS, AND SOME OTHER STUFF

 Pre-Dark Ages: Development of chain-mail
                Glass-blowing
                Screw
                Bards in Ireland
                Loom
                Carrier pigeons
                Gears
                Water-Clock
                Compass (China)
                Platonistic thought

 400 CE: Use of the stirrup in China
         Silk cultivation brought to Constantinople
         The city of Ys is submerged
         Kama Sutra

 450 CE: Establishment of the seven "liberal arts" as a course of study
         Decline of "classic" Paganisim


                           "DARK AGES"
      
 500 CE: Boethius: "De Institutione Musica"
         Paddle-wheel boats
         Taliesin, Aneirin, Llywarch Hen
         Alexander of Trales "de re medica" 
         Decimal notation in India
         Gregorian Chant
         First sighting of Loch Ness Monster

 600 CE: Earliest cast iron, in China
         Printing of books, in China
         First Church bell, in Rome 
         Development of the Crwth in Wales
         Caliph Uthman sets the form of al Quran (Koran)
         Petroleum used in Japan
         Isadore of Seville "originum sive etymologiarium libri XX"
         Porcelain in China
         Cotton clothing introduced in Islam

 650 CE: Muslim conquest of North Africa
         Sutton Hoo burial
         Neumes
         Glass windows in English churches
         Greek Fire

 700 CE: Papermaking introduced into Near East from China
         Stirrup introduced into Western Europe from Asia
         "Mouldboard" plow introduced into Western Europe by Slavs
         "Three-field" soil rotation introduced in Western Europe
         Irish and Anglo-Saxon missionaries on continent
         First Arab coinage
         Water mills
         Feudalisim begins
         Abu Masa Dshaffar
         First printed newspaper (China)

 750 CE: Muslim science enters Europe
         Hops
         Beds in France and Germany
         Offa's Dyke
         Jabir
         Khazar nobility converts to Judaisim
         Cynewulf
         Old English
         Peter's Pence first paid in England

 800 CE: Earliest documented Church Organ, Aachen, Germany 
         Adoption of horse collar in Western Europe (from China?)
         Commas, periods, colons and semi-colons appear in texts
         "Anno Domine" (A.D.) dating system begins to be used
         Muslim culture enters Europe
         Music cultivated in the monasteries
         "The Utrecht Psalter"
         Bragi
         Roses in Europe
         The "Almagest"

 850 CE: Crossbow in use
         "Elder Edda"
         Danelaw
         Candle clocks
         Famine in Western Europe
         Honain ibn Iszhak
         "Musica enchiriadis;" first work on polyphony

 900 CE: Earliest documented use of windmills, in Near East
         Earliest application of water power to industry
         Table forks used in Byzantium
         Vikings discover Iceland 
         Arabic musical instruments introduced into Europe;
            development of the Lute, kettledrum and trumpet
         Tropes and sequences
         Rise of Castles

 950 CE: London Bridge
         Introduction of "Arabic" numerals to Europe

                            "MIDDLE AGES"

 1000 CE: Avicenna (980-1037) chief medical authority
          Iron produced north of the Alps
          Guido of Arezzo develops "do-re-mi-fa-etc."
          Mantled chimney
          Gunpowder (China)
          Firdausi

 1050 CE: Lateen Sail first used in Italy
          Soccer/Football in England
          Introduction of domestic cat to Europe
          "The Chanson de Roland"
          Final separation of Eastern and Western Christianity
          Winchester Tropes
          The Bayeaux Tapestry
          Apple pie in England
          Domesday Boke
          "Mabinogion"
          Polyphony replaces Gregorian chant
          Astrolabe
          Wilhelm v. Hirsau
          Solomon ben Yehudah ibn Gabirol
          Greek medicine to Western Europe
          Toledan table of positions of stars
          Founding of the "Hashishin," or Ismaili Assassins

 1100 CE: Earliest manufacture of paper in Europe, by Muslims in Spain
          Soap
          Use of the crossbow forbidden against Christians by the Church 
          Mined coal supplements use of charcoal as fuel
          Umar Kahyyam
          Oldest European paper document
          Investiture of Geoffrey Plantagenet with Arms; first known use
                                                        of true Heraldry
          St. Marital organum
          Gondolas in Venice
          Ibn Ezra
          Middle English
          "Roman d'Alexandre"
          "Roman de Thebes"
          "Roman d'Eneas"
          "Roman de Troie"
          Islamic science declines
          Miracle plays
          Playing cards (China)
          First Scots coins
          Maimonides

 1150 CE: Earliest use of magnetic compass in Europe
          "Roman de Brut"
          "Roman de Rou"
          Earliest documented windmill in Europe
          Paper (Moorish Spain)
          Chess in England
          Joint Stock companies
          Watermill
          Treadle loom
          Troubadors in Provence
          Liturgical drama
          Scholastics
          Skittles
          "Roman de Reynard"
          Waldensians
          Snorri Sturluson
          Horse-racing in England
          Glass windows in English houses
          Nizami
          First silver Florins minted
          Tea arrives in Japan from China
          "Azure, a saltire argent" adopted as Scots National flag
          Aristotlean thought

 1200 CE: Albertus Magnus 
          Trouveres in France
          Minnesingers in Germany
          The Alhambra
          Motets
          Thomas of Celano "Dies Irae"
          Engagement rings come into fashion
          Indigo imported into England
          Cymbals
          "faux bourdon"
          Court jesters
          Sinbad the Sailor
          Arabic (Indian) numerals introduced in Europe
          Wire strings for musical instruments
          Maimonides
          "Parzival"
          Sonnet develops in Italy
          Roger Bacon
          Tiled roofs in London
          First giraffes shown in Europe
          "Roman de la Rose"
          "De sphaero" John of Hollywood (Sacrobosco)
          The Mongols
          Cotton manufactured in Moorish Spain
          Leprosy enters Europe
          "Summer Is Icumen In"

 1250 CE: Double-entry book-keeping
          Marco Polo travels to China and India
          Spectacles invented
          Mechanical clock
          First documented use of spinning wheel in Europe
          First appearance of Kings-of-Arms
          Sa'adi
          ars antiqua
          English musicians in Paris
          St Thomas Aquinas "Summa Theologica"
          Roger Bacon "Opus Maius"
          Adam de la Hale "Robin et Marion" 
          Longbow introduced to English armies
          Jalal ad-Din Rumi
          Portative organs
          Goose quill used for writing
          Gold Florins minted
          Linen manufactured in England
          "Frauendienst"
          "The Harrowing of Hell"
          Block printing of books in Ravenna, Netherlands, and Germany

                           "RENAISSANCE"

 1300 CE: First large scale production of paper in Europe, in Italy and Germany
          First large scale production of gunpowder in Europe
          First use of the word "Peer" in England
          Mass of Tournai
          First use of cannon 
          Earliest cast-iron in Europe
          Table forks in use in Europe
          Title of "Duke" introduced in England 
          "Ars Nova"
          Decline of true feudalisim
          Avignon Exile of the Papacy
          "Aucassin et Nicolette"
          Giotto
          Dante "The Divine Comedy"
          "Roman de Fauvel"
          First French "Operette"
          Motets
          The Zohar
          First toll roads in England
          Glass mirrors
          First Sequins coined
          "Lohengrin"
          Lyons silk industry developed
          Hafiz
          Noh drama in Japan develops
          Pedal organ
          Sawmills
          Sternpost rudders on ships
          Tyl Eulenspiegel
          Billiards

 1350 CE: Black Death in Europe
          Rise of mercenaries
          Guillaume de Machaut "Mass of Notre Dame"
          Economic and agricultural depression in Europe
          Bocaccio "The Decameron"
          William Langland "The Vision of Piers Plowman"
          Wycliffe translates the Bible into English
          Wycliffe "de civili dominio"
          Chaucer "The Canterbury Tales"
          The Pope gives the Church jurisdiction over accusations of sorcery
          Danse Macabre
          Ankor Wat (Kampuchea) deserted
          High point of manuscript illumination
          Open-air tennis popular in England
          Clavichord and Cembalo
          Riding sidesaddle for women enters England 
          First Francs coined
          Steel-prodded crossbows
          Playing cards in Germany

 1400 CE: Gutenberg invents use of movable type for printing 
          Sewing machines (?)
          Earliest account of the sea-quadrant  
          Hand-held guns become a factor in warfare
          Rise of the Duchy of Burgundy
          Social dance of mixed pairs
          "Tres Riches Heures" of the Duc de Berry
          Thomas a Kempis "The Imitation of Christ"
          "White notation" introduced in England
          Beginnings of chemical technology
          Alchemy becomes a swindler's paradise
          Giovanni da Prato "Paradiso degli Alberti"
          Ghiberti "Gates of Paradise"
          Jan and Hubert Van Eyck "The Ghent Altarpiece"
          Donatello "David"
          Meistersingers in Germany 
          Vatican Library  
          Humanisim
          Publication of the "Reformation of Kaiser Sigsimund"
          Drift nets in use in Holland
          The Double-Eagle becomes the emblem of the Holy Roman Empire
          Slave trade from Africa
          Coffee exported from Mocha, Arabia

 1450 CE: Development of serpentine-lock for firearms
          Intaglio
          "Donation of Constantine" proved a forgery
          The "capitiulum," or paragraph mark, appears in texts
          Fouquet "Book of Hours of Etienne Chevalier"
          Bamburgh Castle: first English fortress taken by cannon
          Lochamer "Liederbuch"
          William Caxton sets up print shop in England
          Cornazzano "Libro dell'arte del danzare"
          Mazarin Bible printed by Gutenberg
          First Doctor of Music degree awarded at Oxford
          Botticelli "La Primavera"
          James Obrecht
          Regiomontanus "De triangulis"
          Jami
          Sir Thomas Mallory "Morte d'Arthur"
          Unification of Spain (1492)
          Hieronymus Bosch "Temptation of St. Anthony"
          Leonardo da Vinci "Last Supper"
          Franchino Gafori "Practica Musicae"
          Ottaviano dei Petrucci prints first complete song collections
                                               from movable type 
          French Royal mail service
          Origin of the handgun
          Football, golf and bowling in England and Scotland
          Beginning of Ballet
          The expressions "million," "billion," and "zero" come into use
          The symbols "plus" (+) and "minus" (-) come into use
          First pawnshops
          Secular censorship of books
          First manual of navigation
          Quadrant
          Savonarola's followers destroy most Greek & Roman painting
          Five-course "guitar"

 1500 CE: Development of wheelock firearms
          Handguns become practical
          Persia (Iran) becomes Shi'ite
          Galliard
          La Volta
          Courante
          Allemande
          Acid-etch printing
          Table forks used in Venice
          Syphylis epidemic in Europe
          Development of the Scots Claymore
          Columbus introduces the hammock to Europe
          Development of the Rapier
          First book of Frottole
          Montalvo "Las Sergas de Esplandian"
          Modern English develops from Middle English
          Leonardo da Vinci "Mona Lisa"
          Michaelangelo "David"
          Albrecht Durer "Adam and Eve"
          Petrucci issues first printed lute tablature 
          First manual of Lute-playing
          Michaelangelo begins "Sistine Chapel"
          Erasmus "In Praise of Folly"
          Grunewald "Isenheim Altarpiece"
          Machiavelli "The Prince"
          Raphael "Sistine Madonna"
          Thomas More "Utopia"
          Ariosto "Orlando Furioso"
          First black-lead pencils
          Faience
          Silver Guilders minted
          Pocket handkerchiefs
          Titan "Deposition"
          Castiglione "The Courtier"
          Copernicus "De Revolitionibus Orbium Coelesticum"
          Rabelais "Gargantua"
          First Italian Madrigals 
          Hans Holbein the Younger "The Ambassadors"
          Titian "Venus of Urbino"
          Jacob Arcadelt first book of five-part madrigals 
          Jesuits
          Michaelangelo "Last Judgement"
          First church in the New World 
          Cellini "Perseus"
          Edward VI's "Book of Common Prayer"
          Pineapple in Europe
          Coffee in Europe
          East Asian porcelain in Europe
          General use of Spinning-wheel
          Halley's Comet (1531)
          Silk-manufacture introduced in France
          Silk stockings
          Turkey eaten in England 
          First manual of surgery
          First diving-bells
          India-rubber
          Firearms brought to Japan
          Cardano "Ars magnae"
          Decimal fractions
          Algebraic letter-symbols
          First Christmas tree, at Strasbourg 
          First European botanical garden
          First pocket watches

 1550 CE: Development of the miquelet-lock for firearms
          "Ralph Roister-Doister"
          Game of Curling, in Scotland
          Beginnings of the use of the "belted plaid" in Scotland
          Aldus Manutius, Venetian publisher, codifies puctuation marks
          The compound microscope 
          Chittarra Battente
          Peter Breughel the Elder "The Wedding Dance"
          Palestrina
          William Byrd
          Thomas Tallis
          Tintoretto "Ascension of Christ"
          Montaigne "Essays"
          Marlowe "Doctor Faustus"
          Byrd "Songs of Sundrie Natures"
          Edmund Spencer "The Faerie Queen"
          Tintoretto "The Last Supper"
          Wm. Shakespeare "Romeo and Juliet"
          John Dowland "First Book of Songs or Ayres"
          Development of the present day violin
          Billiards
          Cricket
          Tobacco in Europe
          Snuff-taking spreads
          Modern chess
          Tulips in Europe
          Index Librorum Prohibitorum
          Milled coins in England
          Sweet potatoes and tobacco in England
          Newspapers
          Cane-sugar
          Sedan-chairs in general use in England
          Italian cooking predominates in Europe
          Shorthand
          Giovanni Gabrieli "Sacrae Symphonie"
                            "Sonata Pian'e Forte"
          First knitting machine
          Pompeii discovered
          Potatoes grown in Spain and Italy
          Tomatoes in England
          First "W.C.'s" in England
          Approximate end of Feudalisim, rise of sovereign states
          Siege of Sancerre (last military use of sling)
          "Divine Right" of Kings
          First field hospitals
          Chocolate popular in Spain
          Potatoes reach England 
          Arbeau "Orchesographie"
          Persecution of Japanese Christians

 1600 CE: Sir Walter Raleigh plants potatoes on his estates in Ireland
          Development of the true flint-lock in firearms
          "Baroque" guitar
          Fruits preserved in cane sugar
          Logarithms
          Decimal point
          Gavotte
          Development of the Scots basket-hilted broadsword ("Claybeg")
          Table forks fashionable in England
          First Dictionary of English
          Pascal develops the mechanical computer
          Acting legitimized as a respectable profession in France
          Use of the Stage-coach 
          "Before Christ" (B.C.) dating system begins to be used
          William Tell appears in folk ballads
          Wm. Shakespeare "Hamlet" (1601)
          Gallileo discovers law of falling bodies ((1602)
          Dutch East India Company (1602)
          Wm. Shakespeare "Othello" (1604)
          Monteverdi "Fifth Book of Madrigals" (1605)
          Cervantes "Don Quixote (Part 1)" 
          Francis Bacon "On the Advancement of Learning"
          Ben Jonson "Volpone"
          Wm. Shakespeare "MacBeth" (1606)
          Monteverdi "Orfeo" (1607)
          Jamestown Colony
          Glass bottles exported from Jamestown (1608)
          Development of the Telescope (1608)
          First checks (1608)
          Johannes Kepler "Astronomia Nova" (1609)
          Tea from China (1609)
          "Parthenia" (1611)
          King James Bible (1611)
          Baronets (1611)
          Bacon "Novum Organum" (1612)
          Copper coins (1613)
          Rosicrucians (ca. 1614)
          English glass industry (1614)
          Peter Paul Rubens "Descent from the Cross" (1614)
          Trigonometrical triangulation in cartography (1617)
          Potoatoes banned in Burgundy as a cause of leprosy (1619)
          Pilgrims land at Plymouth (1620)
          First submarine (1620)
          Deaf-and-Dumb sign language (1620)
          Potatoes planted in Germany (1621)
          Shakespeare "First Folio" (1623)
          Patent law in England (1623)
          Name "gas" used (1624)
          Franz Hals "The Laughing Cavalier" (1624)
          First fire engines in England (1625)
          The Siege of La Rochelle ends (1626)
          William Harvey "Essay on the Motion of the Heart and the Blood" 
                                                                   (1628)
          Founding of the city of Boston, Mass. by the Puritans (1630)
          Pirates in Tortuga (1630)
          Public advertising (1630)
          Rembrandt van Rijn "The Anatomy Lesson" (1631)
          Taj Mahal begun (1634)
          Pierre Cournelle "Le Cid" (1636)
          Tea appears in Paris (1636)
          Descartes "Discourse on Method" (1637)
          Anthony van Dyke "The Children of Charles I" (1637)
          First public opera theater, in Venice
          Torture abolished in England (1639)
          First comic operas (1639)
          "The Bay Psalm Book" (1640)
          First American whiskey made (1640)
          Hope Diamond purchased by Tavernier (1640)
          Rembrandt "The Night Watch" (1642)
          Income and property tax introduced in England (1642)
          Lope de Vega (1647)
          End of Thirty Years War (1648)
          Descartes "Musicae Compendium" (1650)
          Beginning of extermination of N. American Indian (1650)
          "Long lunge" and "parry-riposte" in fencing (no date, but after
                                                                    1601)

--
 ioseph@primenet.com            PO Box 35190          Locksley Plot Systems
 White Tree Productions       Phoenix, AZ 85069             CyberMongol Ltd

<the end>
Edited by Mark S. Harris	timeline-art.wrd