Inven-Charle-man - 7/30/98
਀ഊAn inventory of Charlemange's Estates by Terry D. Decker (Bear).
਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: Charlemagne-art, gardening-bib, Gaul-art, Germany-bib.
਀ഊ************************************************************************
਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ
਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ
਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ
਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ    Mark S. Harris                  AKA:  THLord Stefan li Rous
਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************
਀ഊDate: Mon, 5 Jan 1998 20:42:15 -0600
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䐀攀挀欀攀爀Ⰰ 吀攀爀爀礀 䐀⸀∀ 㰀吀攀爀爀礀䐀 愀琀 䠀攀愀氀琀栀⸀匀琀愀琀攀⸀伀䬀⸀唀匀㸀ഊSubject: SC - Long Post - Inventory of Charlemange's Villa
਀ഊHere's the first of those documents I am transcribing for the list.
਀䈀攀愀爀ഊ
਀⠀䔀砀挀攀爀瀀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 伀最最Ⰰ 䘀爀攀搀攀爀椀挀 䄀⸀㬀 匀漀甀爀挀攀 䈀漀漀欀 漀昀 䴀攀搀椀愀攀瘀愀氀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㨀ഊAmerican Book Co., New York, 1907.)
਀ഊAn Inventory of One of Charlemange's Estates
਀ഊIn the following inventory we have a specimen of the annual statements
਀爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 戀礀 䌀栀愀爀氀攀洀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀琀攀眀愀爀搀猀 漀渀 栀椀猀 爀漀礀愀氀 搀漀洀愀椀渀猀⸀  吀栀攀ഊlocation of Asnapium is unknown, but it is evident that this estate was
਀漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 猀漀爀琀⸀  䰀椀欀攀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀琀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀愀猀 氀椀愀戀氀攀 漀挀挀愀猀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀ഊto become the temporary abiding place of the king.  The detailed
਀挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀漀爀礀 椀猀 眀漀爀琀栀礀 漀昀 渀漀琀攀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀ഊindustries which must have been engaged in by the inhabitants of the
਀攀猀琀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 瘀椀氀氀愀猀⸀ഊ
਀匀漀甀爀挀攀ⴀⴀ吀攀砀琀 椀渀 䴀漀渀甀洀攀渀琀愀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀椀愀攀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀Ⰰ 䰀攀最攀猀 ⠀倀攀爀琀稀Ⰰ 攀搀⸀⤀Ⰰ 嘀漀氀⸀ഊI., pp. 178-179.
਀ഊWe found in the imperial estate of Asnapium a royal house built of stone
਀椀渀 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀礀 戀攀猀琀 洀愀渀渀攀爀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀椀渀最 ㌀ 爀漀漀洀猀⸀  吀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 栀漀甀猀攀 眀愀猀ഊsurrounded with balconies and it had 11 apartments for women.
਀唀渀搀攀爀渀攀愀琀栀 眀愀猀 ㄀ 挀攀氀氀愀爀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 ㈀ 瀀漀爀琀椀挀漀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 ㄀㜀 漀琀栀攀爀ഊhouses built of wood within the courtyard, with a similar number of
਀爀漀漀洀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀椀砀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀氀 眀攀氀氀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀攀搀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 ㄀ 猀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ ㄀ഊkitchen, 1 mill, 1 granary, and 3 barns.
਀ഊThe yard was enclosed with a hedge and a stone gasteway, and above was a
਀戀愀氀挀漀渀礀 昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 愀渀 椀渀渀攀爀ഊyard surrounded by a hedge, well arranged, and planted with various
਀欀椀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀爀攀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀伀昀 琀栀攀 瘀攀猀琀洀攀渀琀猀㨀  挀漀瘀攀爀椀渀最猀 昀漀爀 ㄀ 戀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀ 琀愀戀氀攀ⴀ挀氀漀琀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㄀ 琀漀眀攀氀⸀ഊ
਀伀昀 甀琀攀渀猀椀氀猀㨀  ㈀ 戀爀愀猀猀 欀攀琀琀氀攀猀㬀 ㈀ 搀爀椀渀欀椀渀最 挀甀瀀猀㬀 ㈀ 戀爀愀猀猀 挀愀甀氀搀爀漀渀猀㬀 ㄀ഊiron cauldron; 1 frying pan; 1 gramalin; 1 pair of andirons; 1 lamp; 2
਀栀愀琀挀栀攀琀猀㬀 ㄀ 挀栀椀猀攀氀㬀 ㈀ 愀甀最攀爀猀㬀 ㄀ 愀砀攀㬀 ㄀ 欀渀椀昀攀㬀 ㄀ 氀愀爀最攀 瀀氀愀渀攀㬀 ㄀ 猀洀愀氀氀ഊplane; 2 scythes; 2 sickles; 2 spades edged with iron; and a sufficient
਀猀甀瀀瀀氀礀 漀昀 甀琀攀渀猀椀氀猀 漀昀 眀漀漀搀⸀ഊ
਀伀昀 昀愀爀洀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀㨀  漀氀搀 猀瀀攀氀琀 ⠀㄀⤀ 昀爀漀洀 氀愀猀琀 礀攀愀爀Ⰰ 㤀　 戀愀猀欀攀琀猀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀ഊbe made into 450 weight (2) of flour;  and 100 measures (3) of barley.
਀䘀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 礀攀愀爀Ⰰ ㄀㄀　 戀愀猀欀攀琀猀 漀昀 猀瀀攀氀琀Ⰰ 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 㘀　 戀愀猀欀攀琀猀 栀愀搀ഊbeen planted, but the rest we found; 100 measures of wheat, 60 sown, the
਀爀攀猀琀 眀攀 昀漀甀渀搀㬀 㤀㠀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 爀礀攀 愀氀氀 猀漀眀渀㬀 ㄀Ⰰ㠀　　 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 戀愀爀氀攀礀Ⰰഊ1,100 sown, the rest we found; 430 measures of oats; 1 measure of beans;
਀㄀㈀ 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 瀀攀愀猀⸀  䄀琀 㔀 洀椀氀氀猀 眀攀爀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 㠀　　 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀椀稀攀⸀ഊAt 4 breweries, 650 measures of small size, 240 given to the
਀瀀爀攀戀攀渀搀愀爀椀攀猀⠀㐀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 爀攀猀琀 眀攀 昀漀甀渀搀⸀  䄀琀 ㈀ 戀爀椀搀最攀猀Ⰰ 㘀　 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 猀愀氀琀ഊand 2 shillings.  At 4 gardens, 11 shillings.  Also honey, 3 measures;
਀愀戀漀甀琀 ㄀ 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 漀昀 戀甀琀琀攀爀㬀 氀愀爀搀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 氀愀猀琀 礀攀愀爀Ⰰ ㄀　 猀椀搀攀猀㬀 渀攀眀 猀椀搀攀猀Ⰰഊ200, with fragments and fats; cheese from the present year, 43 weights.
਀ഊOf cattle:  51 head of larger cattle; 5 three-year olds; 7 two-year
਀漀氀搀猀㬀 㜀 礀攀愀爀氀椀渀最猀㬀 ㄀　 琀眀漀ⴀ礀攀愀爀 漀氀搀 挀漀氀琀猀㬀 㠀 礀攀愀爀氀椀渀最猀㬀 ㌀ 猀琀愀氀氀椀漀渀猀㬀 ㄀㘀ഊcows; 2 asses; 50 cows with calves; 20 young bulls; 38 yearling calves;
਀㌀ 戀甀氀氀猀㬀 ㈀㘀　 栀漀最猀㬀 ㄀　　 瀀椀最猀㬀 㔀 戀漀愀爀猀㬀 ㄀㔀　 猀栀攀攀瀀 眀椀琀栀 氀愀洀戀猀㬀 ㈀　　 礀攀愀爀氀椀渀最ഊlambs; 120 rams; 30 goats with kids; 30 yearling kids; 3 male goats; 30
਀最攀攀猀攀㬀 㠀　 挀栀椀挀欀攀渀猀㬀 ㈀㈀ 瀀攀愀挀漀挀欀猀⸀ഊ
਀䄀氀猀漀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀愀渀漀爀猀 ⠀㔀⤀ 眀栀椀挀栀 戀攀氀漀渀最 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 愀戀漀瘀攀 洀愀渀猀椀漀渀⸀  䤀渀ഊthe villa of Grisio we found domain buildings, where there are 3 barns
਀愀渀搀 愀 礀愀爀搀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 戀礀 愀 栀攀搀最攀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀Ⰰ 戀攀猀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ ㄀ 最愀爀搀攀渀 眀椀琀栀ഊtrees, 10 geese, 8 ducks, 30 chickens.
਀ഊIn another villa we found domain buildings and a yard surrounded by a
਀栀攀搀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 ㌀ 戀愀爀渀猀㬀 ㄀ 愀爀瀀攀渀琀 ⠀㘀⤀ 漀昀 瘀椀渀攀猀㬀 ㄀ 最愀爀搀攀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀爀攀攀猀㬀ഊ15 geese; 20 chickens.
਀ഊIn a third villa, domain buildings, with 2 barns; 1 granary; 1 garden
਀愀渀搀 ㄀ 礀愀爀搀 眀攀氀氀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 戀礀 愀 栀攀搀最攀⸀ഊ
਀圀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 搀爀礀 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 樀甀猀琀 愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀氀愀挀攀⸀  圀攀 搀椀搀ഊnot find any goldsmiths, silversmiths, blacksmiths, huntsmen, or persons
਀攀渀最愀最攀搀 椀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀攀 最愀爀搀攀渀 栀攀爀戀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 眀攀爀攀 氀椀氀礀Ⰰ 瀀甀琀挀栀甀挀欀 ⠀㜀⤀Ⰰ 洀椀渀琀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀猀氀攀礀Ⰰഊrue, celery, libesticum, sage, savory, juniper, leeks, garlic, tansy,
਀眀椀氀搀 洀椀渀琀Ⰰ 挀漀爀椀愀渀搀攀爀Ⰰ 猀挀甀氀氀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 漀渀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 挀愀戀戀愀最攀Ⰰ 欀漀栀氀爀愀戀椀 ⠀㠀⤀Ⰰ 戀攀琀漀渀礀ഊ(9).  Trees:  pears, apples, medlars, peaches, filberts, walnuts,
਀洀甀氀戀攀爀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 焀甀椀渀挀攀猀 ⠀㄀　⤀⸀ഊ
਀一漀琀攀猀㨀ഊ
਀⠀㄀⤀  䄀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 最爀愀椀渀 猀琀椀氀氀 眀椀搀攀氀礀 挀甀氀琀椀瘀愀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀漀漀搀 椀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀 愀渀搀ഊSwitzerland; sometimes known as German wheat.
਀ഊ(2)  The unit of weight was the pound.  Charlemange replaced the old
਀䜀愀氀氀椀挀 瀀漀甀渀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 愀 琀攀渀琀栀 氀攀猀猀⸀ഊ
਀⠀㌀⤀  吀栀攀 甀渀椀琀 漀昀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 洀甀椀搀⸀  䌀栀愀爀氀攀洀愀渀最攀 栀愀搀 愀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀ഊmeasure (modius publicus) constructed and in a number of his
਀挀愀瀀椀琀甀氀愀爀椀攀猀 攀渀樀漀椀渀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 戀攀 琀愀欀攀渀 愀猀 愀 洀漀搀攀氀 戀礀 愀氀氀 栀椀猀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀猀⸀ഊIt contained probably a little less than six pecks.  A smaller measure
਀眀愀猀 琀栀攀 猀攀琀椀攀爀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 昀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀眀漀ⴀ琀栀椀爀搀猀 瀀椀渀琀猀⸀ഊ
਀⠀㐀⤀  䌀氀攀爀最礀洀攀渀 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀栀甀爀挀栀 漀渀 漀爀 渀攀愀爀 琀栀攀 攀猀琀愀琀攀⸀ഊ
਀⠀㔀⤀  ∀䄀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀漀礀愀氀 瘀椀氀氀愀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀攀渀琀攀爀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀琀漀漀搀 琀栀攀ഊpalace or manse, were numerous dependent and humbler dwellings, occupied
਀戀礀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀爀琀椀猀愀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀搀攀猀洀攀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀爀猀 愀渀搀ഊcraftsmen, in great numbers.  The dairy, the bakery, the butchery, the
਀戀爀攀眀攀爀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀氀漀甀爀ⴀ洀椀氀氀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀爀攀 ⸀ ⸀ ⸀ 吀栀攀 瘀椀氀氀愀 眀愀猀 愀 挀椀琀礀 椀渀 攀洀戀爀礀漀Ⰰഊand in due course it grew into one, for as it supplied in many respects
਀琀栀攀 眀愀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀爀爀漀甀渀搀椀渀最 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀Ⰰ 猀漀 椀琀 愀琀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀ഊbecame a center of commerce."-- Jacob I. Mombert, Charles the Great (New
਀夀漀爀欀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㠀㠀⤀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㐀　㄀ⴀ㐀　㈀⸀ഊ
਀⠀㘀⤀ 䄀渀 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 䜀愀氀氀椀挀 氀愀渀搀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 琀漀 愀戀漀甀琀 栀愀氀昀 愀 刀漀洀愀渀ഊjugerum (the jugerum was about two-thirds of an acre).  The arpent in
਀洀漀搀攀爀渀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀 栀愀猀 瘀愀爀椀攀搀 最爀攀愀琀氀礀 椀渀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 氀漀挀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀  䤀渀 倀愀爀椀猀 椀琀ഊis 4,088 square yards.
਀ഊ(7)  The same as "pachak."  The fragrant roots of this plant are still
਀攀砀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 䤀渀搀椀愀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 戀甀爀渀椀渀最 愀猀 椀渀挀攀渀猀攀⸀ഊ
਀⠀㠀⤀  䄀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 挀愀戀戀愀最攀⸀  吀栀攀 攀搀椀戀氀攀 瀀愀爀琀 椀猀 愀 氀愀爀最攀 琀甀爀渀椀瀀ⴀ氀椀欀攀 猀眀攀氀氀椀渀最ഊof the stem above the surface of the ground.
਀ഊ(9)  A plant used both as a medicine and as a dye.
਀ഊ(10)  "All the cereals grown in the country were cultivated.  The flower
਀最愀爀搀攀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 昀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀栀漀椀挀攀猀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀洀攀渀猀 昀漀爀 戀攀愀甀琀礀 愀渀搀ഊfragrance, the orchards and kitchen gardens produced the richest and
਀戀攀猀琀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 昀爀甀椀琀 愀渀搀 瘀攀最攀琀愀戀氀攀猀⸀  䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀 戀礀 渀愀洀攀 渀漀琀ഊless than seventy-four varieties of herbs which he commanded to be
਀挀甀氀琀椀瘀愀琀攀搀㬀  愀氀氀 琀栀攀 瘀攀最攀琀愀戀氀攀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 爀愀椀猀攀搀 椀渀 䌀攀渀琀爀愀氀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀Ⰰ 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀ഊwith many herbs now found in botanical gardens only, bloomed on his
਀瘀椀氀氀愀猀㬀  栀椀猀 漀爀挀栀愀爀搀猀 礀椀攀氀搀攀搀 愀 爀椀挀栀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 椀渀 挀栀攀爀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀瀀瀀氀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀攀愀爀猀Ⰰഊprunes, peaches, figs, chestnuts, and mulberries.  The hill-sides were
਀瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀猀 氀愀搀攀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀椀渀攀猀琀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 最爀愀瀀攀猀⸀∀ⴀⴀ䴀漀洀戀攀爀琀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀ഊthe Great, p. 400.
਀ഊ<the end>
਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ䤀渀瘀攀渀ⴀ䌀栀愀爀氀攀ⴀ洀愀渀ऀ倀愀最攀 ㌀ 漀昀 ㌀ഊ
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