frumenty-msg – 2/9/08
A period cooked grain dish often with eggs, cream and saffron.
NOTE: See also the files: rice-msg, grains-msg, puddings-msg, breakfast-msg, venison-msg, eggs-msg, polenta-msg, custards-msg, rice-pudding-msg, porridges-msg.
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From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 09:14:48 -0400
Subject: Re: SC - cooking frumenty for the masses
Anne-Marie Rousseau wrote:
> Does anyone have experience cooking barley for large numbers of people?
> We will be making frumenty outdoors, and I need to know how it bulks up
> for say, 100 bodies. Is it like rice, ie touchy but doable if you know
> how? Or is it like pasta where if you give it enough water it's fine?
I've never cooked barley in large quantities outdoors, but I do know a
few things about it. To be on the safe side, I'd say it's better to
compare it to rice than to pasta, because if you just boil it till it's
done, and then drain it, it has a tendency to become cemented together
by gravity. You also lose a certain amount of the nutritional value by
filling up your cooking water with barley tea and throwing it away, but
in the case of pearl barley it may be a moot point.
If you're going for a final product which people can neatly pigeonhole
into some prior experience, I suggest you cook it like a pilaf. To do
that, you need 6 cups of boiling liquid
per pound of barley, which equals approximately two cups, BTW. Toss the
barley in a pan with a bit of hot oil or butter, until the barley is
well coated with the oil and begins to toast a bit, and have your liquid
on the boil in a separate pot. Combine, cover, and simmer on LOW heat
for 25 -30 minutes. Depending on how much you're cooking, it may well
really want to burn before the top layer is done, so you may want to
consider cooking two or three smaller batches, and use the heaviest pots
you can get away with.
> I just fear ending up with a gloppy mess (thereby undoing all thepositive
> propaganda I've been giving out about medieval food not being brown
> gloppy messes!).
Now, this is all with the understanding that frumenty is supposed to
have a consistency something like a risotto or rice pudding: spoonable
but cohesive; in a word, stondyng. However, I'll grant that that might
not be what you necessarily need under your current circumstances.
It just occurred to me that you might consider bulgur wheat, which is
precooked, and wheat being, so far as I know, the more standard grain
for frumenty anyway. I'm thinking that bulgur cooks very much like
Minute (Pfeh!) Rice, especially the smaller-cut varieties of bulgur. You
could essentially pour your boiling liquid over the bulgur, cover it,
and let the wheat drink up the liquid, with no possibility of burning.
Bulgur gets 2 parts liquid to one of bulgur by volume, same as rice.
Better to use too little liquid than too much; if it's too dry or hard
you can add more boiling liquid. Bulgur generally takes about 20 minutes
to "cook", and the initial coating with oil is optional. You might
consider it anyway if you're really concerned about the glop factor.
G. Tacitus Adamantius
From: Mary Morman <memorman at oldcolo.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 08:27:17 -0600 (MDT)
Subject: Re: SC - cooking frumenty for the masses
On Wed, 25 Jun 1997, Anne-Marie Rousseau wrote:
> Does anyone have experience cooking barley for large numbers of people?
I have made frumenty outside for about 100 people. Did it at a camping
event three years ago. I did not make a 'savory' frumenty with broth
but a plain frumenty cooked in milk. we served it with cream and
strawberries. I know this is not traditional, but the cooking should
be fairly similar. doing it in broth may actually be easier.
I used cracked wheat rather than barley, and the trick was to warm the
liquid through before adding the grain and then keep stirring without
a stop (three people, almost two hours) and keep the heat steady - not
too hot, but not let it cool off.
the resulting porridge was indeed brown and gloppy, but, sweetened with a
little honey, tasted marvelous.
let me know if you need anything more specific. and oh, I used a double
bottomed stock pot filled about 3/4 full and a very large wooden spoon for
stirring.
elaina
From: Mark Schuldenfrei <schuldy at abel.MATH.HARVARD.EDU>
Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 11:57:21 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Re: SC - cooking frumenty for the masses
Adamantius wrote:
It just occurred to me that you might consider bulgur wheat, which is
precooked, and wheat being, so far as I know, the more standard grain
for frumenty anyway. I'm thinking that bulgur cooks very much like
Minute (Pfeh!) Rice, especially the smaller-cut varieties of bulgur. You
could essentially pour your boiling liquid over the bulgur, cover it,
and let the wheat drink up the liquid, with no possibility of burning.
Bulgur gets 2 parts liquid to one of bulgur by volume, same as rice.
Better to use too little liquid than too much; if it's too dry or hard
you can add more boiling liquid. Bulgur generally takes about 20 minutes
to "cook", and the initial coating with oil is optional. You might
consider it anyway if you're really concerned about the glop factor.
I cook a wide variety of grains at home, because of my limited diet. The
true advantage of bulgur is as he describes: add liquid, mix, cover and
ignore.
My wife has done this for frumenty for feasts, and it works well.
The only concern I might have for you, is that by cooking out of doors a
strong wind can rob your kettles of heat too quickly. You may wish to
consider setting up a windbreak, to keep all of your cooking times more
predictable.
Tibor (Watched a 2 hour dish become a 4 hour dish that way...)
From: nweders at mail.utexas.edu (ND Wederstrandt)
Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 11:37:08 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: Re: SC - cooking frumenty for the masses
I have cooked outdoors with grains quite a bit since we wind up with lots
of outdoor events. I made a mushroom barley stew with leeks out doors. I
like barley which has a nutty taste that works well with stews. The best
thing I found is to cook smaller batches and mix them together. The
biggest problem with grains being cooked on Colemans, over fires and such
is too often the pot is too big and isn't stirred well so the bottom burns.
I use 3 gal pots and mix them when they are hot.. Our events usually have
a minimum of 150 hungry people with a maximum of 350 or 400 and the smaller
pots work better even though the dish takes longer to cook.
Another idea is to precook your grains a bring them out to reheat
and mix with any other ingredients. Again I think smaller pots work better
than large.
One of the best outdoor heating facilities I ever used was a water
heater bottom hooked up to a butane tank. It could boil a 25 gal pot of
hot water in less than two minutes. Really good......
Clare St. John
From: L Herr-Gelatt and J R Gelatt <liontamr at postoffice.ptd.net>
Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 21:07:57 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: SC - Re: sca-cooks V1 #177
>Does anyone have experience cooking barley for large numbers of people?
>We will be making frumenty outdoors, and I need to know how it bulks up
>for say, 100 bodies. Is it like rice, ie touchy but doable if you know
>how? Or is it like pasta where if you give it enough water it's fine?
>
>- --Anne-Marie d'Ailleurs
Hi there! My group does a demo twice a year with another group called the
holistic consortium. You guessed it...we have to serve some vegetarian fare.
I have watched my friend Rowan of Ashebrook making vegetarian barley for the
demo just like one would make rosotto--brown the barley with a good quality
oil astirring in a ladle full of extra-rich broth at a time, till it is
absorbed, and continuing until the alotted amount is used up, stirring,
stirring all the way. She sautes seasonal veggies and stirs them in at the
last, along with the spices. She uses a pan from a warming table for the
correct size to serve about 100 servings. We always sell out. A friend says
one of the benefits of being a scadian is that cooks in the SCA know how to
make you WANT to eat Barley!
BTW I like my risotto the day afterward, mixed with a beaten egg and fried
into cakes in the griddle. Yum! I suppose there no hope THAT practice is period?
Aoife
From: rousseau at scn.org (Anne-Marie Rousseau)
Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 22:38:39 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: SC - Frumenty for the masses, continued
Hi all from Anne-Marie.
Wow! Some great suggestions! First off, I should remind you guys that I
am a real stickler for documentation and sticking to the original source,
so the wonderful ideas about lighty toasting the barley in oil before
cooking is right out (not in the original text I'm using). Now, for my
modern cooking, that's another story! (actually, my biriyani recipe has
you do that with the rice. Yum!)
The original source that we're using is the Frumenty from Curye on English.
"Nym clene wete and bray it in a morter wel, that the holys gon al of, &
set yt til ty breset; & nym yt up & lat it kele. And nyum fayre fresch
broth & smete muylk of almandys or swete mulk of kyne and temper yt al. &
nym the yolkys of eryrn & saffron & do thereto. Boyle it a lityl & set yt
adoun, & messe yt forthe wyth fat venysoun & fresch motoun".
I am choosing to use barley, as there is a similar recipe for barley
gruel in the contemporary _le Menagier a Paris_, and I prefer barley to
wheat (and also we are playing the conceit of an English Baron and
Baroness with a French cook).
Our reconstruction:
2 cups hulled barley
5 1/5 cups vegetable broth
1/2 cup cows milk
pinch of saffron
4 egg yolks
Bring the broth and milk to a boil. Stir in the barley. Cover with a
tight lid and allow to simmer over low heat for about 40 minutes, until
barley is tender. Stir in the beaten egg yolks and saffron, and cook
gently a few more minutes until the egg is set.
The resulting dish is a very rich barley. Slightly gloppy, but still
discernable grains. Outstanding as a foil to something else, like sliced
meat or stewed mushrooms.
- --AM
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Anne-Marie Rousseau
rousseau at scn.org
Seattle, Washington
From: david friedman <ddfr at best.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Jun 1997 14:45:03 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Re: SC - Frumenty for the masses, continued
At 10:38 PM -0700 6/26/97, Anne-Marie Rousseau wrote:
Maeve suggested a quick boil then sit aside to let
>it absorbe the rest of the liquid...that might work. I'll try it in a
>small test batch with my crummiest pot to duplicate the conditions as
>best I can :).
Our standard way of making rice in quantity (i.e., 3 to 5 gallons) is to
bring the water to a boil (having previously tested that variety of rice to
get an idea what the water-to-rice ratio is), add the rice, bring back to a
boil while stirring, cover, and remove from heat; let sit 20-30 minutes and
it is done. You may be able to scrounge lids for your pots--find large
platters or frying pans that would do--and wrap old towels around and over
to insulate, since you are cooking outdoors. The once we did a larger
quantity--a 9-gallon pot, nearly full-- it was too much; the stuff at the
bottom was squished down into a solid mass by the weight on top. We
haven't tried this for frumenty.
Betty Cook/Elizabeth
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Date: Sun, 29 Jun 1997 04:29:17 -0400
Subject: Re: SC - Frumenty for the masses, continued
Anne-Marie Rousseau wrote:
> Elizabeth tells us how they make rice, and suggests it might work for barley.
>
> I'm wondering, though, how that works then for the final stage of
> stirring in the egg yolks. You'd need to stir the big pot of stuff over
> heat and make sure all the egg set, but that the stuff didn't burn. Hmmm...
>
> Thanks for the ideas! Keep 'em coming!
> --Anne-Marie
Another possibility is to make a stirred, unsweetened custard with the
egg yolks and some portion of the total liquid. You could add your
saffron to it, too. When your grain is 90% cooked and still hot, and
your custard is still warm, you can begin stirring the grain into the
custard, a little at a time, until they're fully combined. Then cover
the stuff and leave it to finish cooking in its residual heat. This may
take a little extra management of pots and pans, but it should preclude
burning. I don't think, given the proportion of egg yolks to grain, that
there would be a significant difference in the final texture just
because you don't have the structural support offered by a baked or
unstirred custard.
Adamantius
From: Uduido at aol.com
Date: Sun, 29 Jun 1997 08:42:19 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: SC - Stirring in the eggs
<< I'm wondering, though, how that works then for the final stage of
stirring in the egg yolks. You'd need to stir the big pot of stuff over
heat >>
Actually, leaving the grain on the heat when stirring in the eggs is totally
unnecessary to set them. The heat from the food is more than adequate to cook
the egg. Just stir in and cover. Leave sit 5 mins. or so. Voila! Set eggs.
:-)
Lord Ras
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 1998 20:15:15 -0800
From: "Anne-Marie Rousseau" <acrouss at gte.net>
Subject: Re: SC - recipes (vegetarian)
Hi all from Anne-Marie
My favorite (so far! :)) vegetarian documented period recipe is frumenty
(barley), espeicially when served with a big scoop of funges on top.
If you have specific questions on my reconstrucions, feel free to ask away.
Oh, and if you do use these, all I ask is that you let me know (I get a
buzz off knowing people are eating my food all over the place! :))
enjoy!
FRUMENTY (Diuersa Servicia #1, c. 1399)
For to make furmenty. Nym clene wete & bray it in a morter wel, that the
holys gon al of, & seyt yt til ty breste; & nym yt up & lat it kele. And
nyum fayre fresch broth & swete mylk of almandys or swete mylk of kyne and
temper yt al. & nym the yolkys of eyryn & saffron & do thereto. Boyle it a
lityl & set yt adoun, & messe yt forthe wyth fat venysoun & fresch motoun.
1 cup pearl barley
2 3/4 cups veggie broth
1/4 cup milk
pinch saffron
1 egg
Stir barley into broiling broth, along with saffron. Cover pan and cook
over very low heat 30-50 minutes. Stir in beaten egg. Stir over very low
heat for a few minutes before serving.
Serves 6.
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 1998 23:05:31 -0800
From: "Anne-Marie Rousseau" <acrouss at gte.net>
Subject: Re: SC - Frumenty for the Masses, revisited
Hi all from Anne-Marie
Kat asks about preparing large amounts of frumenty.
We did it for 150 with great ease. We did the English meat day version,
substituting barley for the wheat (I can provide documentation and
justification on request). We were going to serve it at an outdoor event,
and would ahve very limited facilities. I was desperately afraid that it
would burn or scorch or turn out as a gloppy grey mess.
What we did was two days before the event, cook the barley in the broth and
milk with the saffron. When the barley was perfectly done, we stirred in
the raw beaten egg yolks. We then sealed the slimey mess in boil in the bag
seal-a-meals (NOT ZIPLOCKS!!!). The bags were then stored in coolers with
ice until they were ready to be served.
Right before mealtime on site, we heated up large kettles of water using
monster propane cookstoves, like you get at Costco up here. The bags of
frumenty were dropped in the boiling water bath. The raw egg cooked as the
stuff heated up. You could tell they were done because the cold solid mass
of barley became soft and pliable within the bag. The bags were removed
from the boiling water bath, cut open, and the frumenty dumped into a large
serving dish.
Tadaaaa! no burning, no scorching, no gloppy grey mess. And most tasty with
a big scoopful of Funges (stewed mushrooms and leeks with spices) on top.
Yum yum yum!
Good luck!
- --Anne-Marie
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 1998 22:35:04 -0800
From: "Anne-Marie Rousseau" <acrouss at gte.net>
Subject: Re: SC - Re: Frumenty for the Masses, Revisited
Hi all from Anne-Marie....
Kat says...
>
> Not Ziplocs because of the danger of leakage, I assume?
Yep. Especially after being shoved into a very full cooler and then dumped
into a pot of boiling water. Better safe than sorry. The sealer bags are
cheaper than zippies anyway.
> Did you let the cooked grain cool to room temp. first before stirring the
raw beaten eggs in?
Not on purpose...we just let it sit long enough to get the bags ready and
whatever else on the stove to a good point where we could walk away. In
hindsight, it probably doesnt mattter too much as long as you stir really
well before you bag. The original has you add the egg to the hot barley
anyway.
> Just out of curiosity, what seasonings do you use in your Fungys? I'm
using saffron, pepper and a little cubeb (and I'm using homemade veggie
broth rather than chicken stock this time, since I've had veggie RSVPs);
but I'm open to other varieties as well... :-) and I LOOOOOOVE this dish;
so any excuse to make a "test batch" for dinner...
Me too! One of my favorites. I flavor mine with a good dose of poudre forte
(cinnamon, ginger, a tad of clove and grains of paradise. Tony a la World
Spice has my recipe on file and so I can just get a bag of it whenever I
want) plus the saffron. I used veggie broth (I found the Swansons brand to
be the tastiest, though the label says it contains very unfortunate new
world ingredients. For us the biggest thing was that it NOT contain MSG,
which several people in our barony have problems with) as well as the
requisite leeks. The secret, I found was to boil the stuff for a very long
time until there was very little broth left. The leeks cooked down to
almost nothing and the stuff was very very flavorful! Yum!
Good luck! Starch in mass quantities is intimidating to me. This method
worked well for us, and I hope it serves you too.
- --AM