cheesemaking-msg – 2/9/08
Comments on making cheese. Recipes. Information sources.
NOTE: See also the files: cheese-msg, Cheese-Making-art, cheesecake-msg, butter-msg, dairy-prod-msg, Cheese-Making-art, cheese-goo-msg, clotted-cream-msg, cheese-lnks, fresh-cheeses-msg.
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NOTICE -
This file is a collection of various messages having a common theme that I have collected from my reading of the various computer networks. Some messages date back to 1989, some may be as recent as yesterday.
This file is part of a collection of files called Stefan's Florilegium. These files are available on the Internet at: http://www.florilegium.org
I have done a limited amount of editing. Messages having to do with separate topics were sometimes split into different files and sometimes extraneous information was removed. For instance, the message IDs were removed to save space and remove clutter.
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Stefan at florilegium.org
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(Freydis Haraldsdottir) writes:
>Does anyone out there have a cheese recipe a bunch of neophytes
>couldn't butcher too badly? Or perhaps point me in the right
>direction for finding one? I have no qualms about using inter library
>loan, but have no ideas about what books would be useful, and what
>wouldn't.
>Your assistance would be greatly appreciated, and I'll be happy to let
>anyone know how this great experiment turned out.
>
>Freydis Haraldsdottir m Liana Ohman
>House Anthrax k Dorm Rat
>Canton of the Northern Highlands a Houghton, Michigan
>Club Med. Michigan Tech Medievalists Club
Years ago, when my family had a cow, we had to make cheese and butter
just about every weekend to keep up (I was in charge of the butter,
while my brother made the cheese). The instructions we used came from
a poster that was contained in 'The Mother Earth News'. Sorry, I
don't know the date of the issue, but you may be able to find out from
the editor's office.
Basically, the procedure we used was as follows:
Mix together the milk (and/or skim milk, cream, etc) in a large pot
and heat gently while stirring, till lukewarm (I think the poster gave
an exact temperature here). At this point, stir in the rennet, which
has been dissolved in a little water. Most rennet is made from calves
stomachs. If this bothers you, it is possible to get vegetable
rennets, or you can use other milk coagulants, such as lemon juice or
yoghurt culture. We usually used mostly commercial rennet, and a bit
(say 10% of the whole volume) of homemade yoghurt for the taste. At
this point, let it sit till it coagulates, then use a large knife to
cut the resulting curds in a checkerboard pattern. Then pour the
whole pot into a colander or other holey device that has been lined
with many layers of cheesecloth. Allow to drip for awhile, then put a
plate on top of the cheese (the cheesecloth must be brought over the
top of the cheese first) and add a weight, such as a couple of bricks.
After it has been squeezed dry (overnight or more), the cheese can be
unwrapped from the cheesecloth and put in your cheese cellar :-). The
longer it is aged, the better it will be, but the longest we managed
to keep one was 6 months. 1 - 2 months was more typical.
At any rate, that is the general idea. If you can find a copy of the
poster from the Mother Earth News, it will clear up any loose ends.
Please note that I make no claims for this being particularly
mideval(sp?).
stephanie moore-fuller
ga.smf at forsythe.stanford.edu
ga.smf at stanford.bitnet
From: sscroggi at uoguelph.ca (Sarah E Scroggie)
Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
Subject: Cheesemaking
Date: 10 Feb 1995 03:22:05 GMT
Organization: University of Guelph
I know how to make cream cheese and since it is so simple I doubt the
method has has changed much over the years. What's more I learned to make
it in Wales (from a swiss woman). Anyway you take a bucket full of milk,
unpasturized and unskimmed is what we had - straight from the cow - cover
it with a tea towel and leave it in a warm place (eg. beside the furnice)
for a few days until it has a thick, slightly moldy curd floating on top.
Stain the liquids out though a chese cloth and what's left is creem chese
of yogert-like consistancy. It make a tasty desert when mixed with fruit
and honey.I think that if you save somw wey from the last batch of cheese
and keep it in the fridge until you make the next batch, it can act like a
starter. You can probably buy spacific types of cheese starters but I have
never looked into it.
I have no documentation for this type of cheese making and learned
how by watching (that in itself is very period).
I hope this helps
Sarah
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 1997 10:45:36 -0400
From: marilyn traber <margali at 99main.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Re: sca-cooks V1 #262
ND Wederstrandt wrote:
> I was at the wonderful Central Market and found some cheese with Nettles in
> it. I was tempted to get it to try but didn't have enough cash. I also
> read that nettles can be used for cheesemaking as well as being a fiber and
> dye plant. The Vikings were very adept at using it.
>
> Clare St. John
Definitely, one of the current derivations of vegetarian cheesemaking
supplies. The modern stuff [you donÕt need to float the nettles in the
milk] can be mail ordered from:
new england cheesemaking supply co, inc
85 main st, po box 85
ashfield, ma 01330
413-628-3808
margali
Blessed are the cheesemakers....
Date: Wed, 17 Sep 1997 00:21:39 -0400 (EDT)
From: DianaFiona at aol.com
Subject: Re: SC - rennet
>>>
Actually when I make cheese I've been using mushroom extract for rennet.
While it is not period it's easily found, vegetarians can eat the cheese
and it's easily stored. I can't recall the name of it right off but I've
found it in three stores here in Bryn Gwlad. One day I'm gonna track down
rennet from a calf and see what happens. I'm getting ready to make some
for a couple of events and one of the things I'm planning on is trying
nettles and a few of the other rennet plants. We have a species related to
Lady's bedstraw that grows here in the spring and I'd like to try that...
see if it works.
Clare St. John
>>>>>>>>>>>
You might want to go to http://www.windward.org/ush/ush.htm (The
University of St Hildegarde site) and look at the cheesemaking article there.
It went into some detail on different ways to obtain rennet from calves'
stomachs, plus a rundown of how well various plants work to achieve the same
effect. Lots of good info!
Ldy Diana, who would love to visit this wonderful place in
person......................
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 1997 20:25:41 -0500
From: Maddie Teller-Kook <meadhbh at io.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Re: sca-cooks V1 #391
Ron and Laurene Wells wrote:
> I would especially like to make my own cheese! But HOW IN AMERICA (I'm
> certian it's possible in other partes of Earth) do I find NON-Homogenized
> milk? The dairy farmers won't sell it to people because of the law that -
> well - says they can't!
Non-homoginized milk can be sold. There is a dairy here in Texas called
Promiseland that sells it at the supermarkets here. It is against the
law to buy raw (unpasteurized) milk. I would check with the health food
stores in your area.
meadhbh
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 1997 22:43:22 -0400
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Re: sca-cooks V1 #391
Ron and Laurene Wells wrote:
> I would especially like to make my own cheese! But HOW IN AMERICA (I'm
> certian it's possible in other partes of Earth) do I find NON-Homogenized
> milk? The dairy farmers won't sell it to people because of the law that -
> well - says they can't! I don't know anyone with a "pet" cow or goats or
> whatever. How do I find it? I know it has to be pasteurized - that just
> involves cooking the milk to kill bacteria.
I don't know whether the problem is any different in Oregon that what I
have to deal with, but many farmers' markets, healthfood stores, and
some supermarkets sell unhomogenized milk where I live, usually in the
old-fashioned glass bottles.
It is quite possible, though, to make a decent cheese with homogenized
milk. Before I am drowned out by the protestations of purists, I will
say that the finished product is not exactly the same as when made with
unhomogenized milk, but it is acceptable and often quite good. The
problem with homogenized milk is that the butterfat has been
emulsified into the milk, acting as a shortening: the fat shortens the
protein strands, just as it would with dough, affecting the solidity of
the final product, in this case the curds. When you go to buy your
rennet, though, you should be able to get some calcium chloride suitable
for cheesemaking: it is used to counteract the effects of homogenization
and de-emulsify the milk, rendering the final product almost identical
to that made with unhomogenized milk. You only need a tiny bit, and if I
remember correctly, most of it is drained away with the whey.
Adamantius
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 1997 23:36:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: LrdRas at aol.com
Subject: SC - milk
<< It is against the law to by raw (unpasteurized) milk. >>
It is against the law to sell raw, UNINSPECTED milk for human consumption in
PA. The health food stores carry inspected raw milk and many a farmer can be
convinced to sell it to you for "dogfood". :-)
Ras
Date: Sat, 25 Oct 1997 01:30:44 -0400
From: marilyn traber <margali at 99main.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Re: sca-cooks V1 #391
> I would especially like to make my own cheese! But HOW IN AMERICA
> (I'm certian it's possible in other parts of Earth) do I find
> NON-Homogenized milk?
>
> -Laurene
You can call the local 4h and ask about kids with prohects, OR
you could go to the nearest large animal vet and ask around discretely.
I am lucky to have a dairy farm within an hours drive that sells raw
milk- apparently CT doesnt have that silly law.
BTW, they have a chemical you can add to milk to turn homog milk into
cheesable.
new england cheesemaking supply co inc
85 main st po box 85
ashfield mass 01330
413-628-3808
margali
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 1997 11:47:46 -0600
From: "Jack Hubbard" <jack at cwebs.com>
Subject: Re: SC - cheesemaking
Ron and Laurene Wells wrote:
> I would especially like to make my own cheese! But HOW IN AMERICA (I'm
> certian it's possible in other partes of Earth) do I find NON-Homogenized
> milk?
We buy pasturized non-homogenized milk from "Whole Foods Markets" other
stores of this type will proabably carry it as well. Watch out for the cost
though. I belive we pay almost $1.50 a quart!
My lady is also intrested in making cheese as she has worked in the selling
of same for some years.
Eoian
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:43:59 -0600
From: "Decker, Terry D." <TerryD at Health.State.OK.US>
Subject: RE: SC - sources
>I am interested in doing research on period cheese making and dairying.
>Does anyone have reccomendations for period sources about this. I am
>looking for recipies, if possible, but anything would be interesting.
>I have a copy of Menaigier de Paris, what others should I see?
>Thank you!!!
>Emmanuelle of Chenonceaux
Here is a web site that just came to my attention. It is on Scottish
cheesemaking.
http://www.efr.hw.ac.uk/SDA/cheese1.html
Bear
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 1998 10:06:48 -0500
From: donna_m_smith at icpphil.navy.mil
Subject: Re[2]: SC - Raw Milk
I agree with Lord Ras. Homogenization is a process of keeping whole
milk from separating into cream and skim milk by breaking up the fat
globules into smaller globules, and distributing it throughout the milk,
which happens by a mechanical process of *shaking*. According to my
reference, cheese curds will still form if you're making cheese, they will
just be softer, and not quite as easy to make into a cheese. Some cheeses
are made from skim milk, cream, or whey as well. (Cheesemaking Made Easy,
Ricki Carroll & Robert Carroll).
Pasteurization will kill off the bacteria found in raw milk. Some of
these are human pathogens (ex. tuberculosis and brucellosis) and some are
not harmful to humans and can add some useful flavors to cheese if you make
it. Some people swear by raw milk cheeses for this reason. You must be
very careful about where the milk comes from if you plan to use raw milk,
unless the cheese is to be aged more than 60 days. (In PA, I can definitely
buy unpasteurized, unhomogenized milk.) There are two ways to pasteurize,
one of which has the least effect on the flavor of the milk or the cheese
made from it. Of course that one is the least economical.
a. The better one: Heat milk to 144 or 145 degrees F (62 C) for 30
minutes. Cool immediately to 40 degrees (F).
b. Flash pasteurization (most economical): Heat milk to 160 deg. F (71 C)
for 15 sec. This results in a cooked taste to the milk.
Another thing that could hinder cheesemaking is the presence of
antibiotics in the milk. When adding cultures to the milk, the antibiotic
could kill it off even at that point. This happens occasionally, and the
culture simply won't grow (the one(s) you *want* in the milk.)
I thought that "rotted" milk was due to the presence of bacteria (which
would enter from the air after the milk was pasteurized) that happens to
produce that kind of result, while cheese (and buttermilk) was due to the
presence of wanted bacteria that happens to produce that particular type of
output.
Meadhbh ni hAilin
East
Date: Sat, 18 Apr 1998 22:19:48 -0500 (CDT)
From: jeffrey stewart heilveil <heilveil at students.uiuc.edu>
Subject: SC - excitement for the week.
I just thought I would share my triumph and possible triumph with a lot of
fun attached.
I got part of the Barony together to make cheese. We did an easy quick
soft cheese. Essentially, heat up milk, add lemon juice, and drain. It
tasted fine, and everyone had a good time. Granted someone requested we
try to do feta next...
Bogdan din Brasov
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 00:29:45 -0500 (CDT)
From: jeffrey stewart heilveil <heilveil at students.uiuc.edu>
Subject: Re: SC - excitement for the week.
SIMPLE CHEESE:
One quart milt, heated to 100F. Add the juice of two lemons. Drain in
cheesecloth. Simple but tasty. If you do it this way, ADD SALT. I would
suggest forgoing the lemon and try a nice cider vinegar or somesuch having
done it once. It was easy and fun for the whole guild.
Bogdan din Brasov
ps. next time is Feta!! ( i hope. I know it may be OOP, but it sounded
easy, and a lot of us use a lot on a day to day basis...)
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1998 21:34:27 -0500
From: "Diamond" <nordgate at worldnet.att.net>
Subject: SC - Trying new stuff
Thought I would let you know that tonight I made some goat cheese. The
first time I ever tried anything like this. The recipe that I used was very
simple, 1/2 gallon goats milk ( I used canned ) and a 1/4 cup vinegar. heat
the milk to 180 degrees then add vinegar stir and remove from heat. I was
supposed to come out with a ricotta type cheese but instead I've got cream
cheese. I'm not sure what I did wrong. It tastes fine but I am going to
have to put it in a mold.
I also made some of Mistress Christiana's Brwi. It turned out fine. If
anyone out there makes cheese let me know what I did wrong.
Arabella
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1998 23:55:52 EDT
From: LrdRas at aol.com
Subject: Re: SC - Trying new stuff
nordgate at worldnet.att.net writes:
<< I was supposed to come out with a ricotta type cheese but instead I've got
cream cheese. I'm not sure what I did wrong. It tastes fine but I am going to have to put it in a mold. I also made some of Mistress Christiana's Brwi. It turned out fine. If anyone out there makes cheese let me know what I did wrong.
Arabella >>
Did you put it in a cheesecloth and hang it to dry? This would allow the whey
to thouroghly drain from it and should change the texture also. Many times
cheeses were pressed in molds to achieve the final product. This is off the
cuff, so to speak, but I have made yogurt cheese before and hang it in
cheesecloth for a couple of extra days under refrigeration. This dries it out
somewhat and makes for a superior product, IMO.
Ras
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1998 20:51:38 -0700
From: "Anne-Marie Rousseau" <acrouss at gte.net>
Subject: Re: SC - Trying new stuff
hi all from Anne-Marie
we are asked:
> Thought I would let you know that tonight I made some goat cheese. The
> first time I ever tried anything like this. The recipe that I used was very
> simple, 1/2 gallon goats milk ( I used caned ) and a 1/4 cup vinegar. heat
> the milk to 180 degrees then add vinegar stir and remove from heat. I was
> supposed to come out with a ricotta type cheese but instead I've got cream
> cheese. I'm not sure what I did wrong. It tastes fine but I am going to
> have to put it in a mold.
I have made a fair amount of cheese, both with goats milk and with cows
milk in my day, using both raw milk and pasteurized stuff. I have never
attempted to use CANNED milk however, and am wondering if the canning
process (which DEFINATELY affects the taste of the stuff) did something
funky to the caseins (milk proteins that make cheese a solid).
When I make goats milk cheese I use the following recipe...
In a stainless steel or other non-aluminum pot slowly heat 1 gallon of fresh
milk to 185 degrees, stirring. Stir in 1/4 cup vinegar. keep at 185 degrees for a few minutes, constantly stirring till a soft curd forms. Line a colandar
with a cheese cloth. Pour in the curd, salt or season to taste (fresh herbs
are lovely), and mix well. Tie the corners of the cloth together and hang
to drip. The longer you hang it, the firmer the cheese. Overnight gives a
semi firm, like feta. A couple hours for standard "chevre" texture. It will
be fairly crumbly/chunky.
Note that this is twice the milk for the 1/4 cup vinegar, plus the
difference in canned vs fresh milk.
- --Anne-Marie
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1998 23:51:10 -0500
From: "Diamond" <nordgate at worldnet.att.net>
Subject: Re: SC - Trying new stuff
I have to use canned milk because all the goat farms in this area (
Pensacola, FL ) cannot sell goats milk for human consumption. using the
canned milk you have to add a can of water to it. I don't mind it this way
but it sure suprised me
Arabella
Date: Tue, 08 Sep 1998 08:27:31 -0400
From: Phil & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Trying new stuff
Diamond wrote:
> Thought I would let you know that tonight I made some goat cheese. The
> first time I ever tried anything like this. The recipe that I used was very
> simple, 1/2 gallon goats milk ( I used caned ) and a 1/4 cup vinegar. heat
> the milk to 180 degrees then add vinegar stir and remove from heat. I was
> supposed to come out with a ricotta type cheese but instead I've got cream
> cheese. I'm not sure what I did wrong. It tastes fine but I am going to
> have to put it in a mold.
Well, you said you made some goat's milk cheese, and goat's milk cheese
appears to have been what you got, so I don't feel you necessarily did
anything wrong. Is it good stuff? Apparently, yes. It might perhaps not score
style points as adherent to somebody's idea of chevre or some such, but again,
that doesn't make it wrong.
Technical points to consider for further experimentation: Goat's milk does
tend to have a finer curd than cow's milk, no matter what the method of
curdling. Also, canned goat's milk (the stuff I've seen is spray-dried and
then canned as a powder, is that what you used?) is pretty well homogenized,
first by the goat, and then by the spray drying machine, which means the fat
in the milk acts the same way as a shortening: it shortens polymers, making
the lumps of protein (curds in this case, gluten strands is what would be
involved if this were baking) smaller.
One thing I have done successfully in the case of cow's milk cheeses when I've
had to use pasteurized and homogenized milk, is to add a few drops of calcium
carbonate solution (at least I think that's what it is, maybe someone who's
already had their tea or coffee might confirm this); this tends to reverse the
effects of homogenization and produce tighter curds in cow's milk cheeses, it
might help with the type of milk you are using, if you have no other option.
You can get this at a cheesemaker's supply house. (Also at the hardware store
for melting snow, buuuuuuttttttttttttt..........)
You also might want to experiment with using rennet. You can use that or an
acid such as vinegar or lemon juice, but if you're going to have to go to the
cheesemaking shop anyway...might as well give it a whirl in the hopes of a
firmer product. It certainly won't do less than what you are already using.
This is all assuming everything else is more or less above the cheesemaker's
board, and that you don't have the option of quickly getting some fresh raw
goat's milk to play around with. I don't have easy access to real goat's milk,
but I've been able to work pretty well with the canned stuff.
Adamantius, whose preference is for goat's milk cheese preserved in olive oil
Date: Tue, 08 Sep 1998 14:58:47 -0400
From: Marilyn Traber <margali at 99main.com>
Subject: SC - cheesemmaking
http://www.cheesemaking.com/ my sypplier, they have a cookbook available with the recipe. BTW, you use taffy pulling skills to make mozzarellza...
margali
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 22:28:14 EST
From: LrdRas at aol.com
Subject: Re: SC - Question on Butters
MGroulx at NRCan.gc.ca writes:
<< I WAS planning on making cheese for lunch to go with the bread, but I
can't find rennet (or junket) anywhere. And I mean ANYWHERE. >>
Did you try looking in the pudding/custard aile? It is used to make certain
types of custard and is located there in my supermarket. Another place to
try would be Agway or a similar farm/home store.
Ras
Date: Thu, 05 Nov 1998 08:52:31 -0500
From: Chris Peters <cpeters at cinemagnetics.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Question on Butters
[Micaylah was looking for rennet for making cheese]
Micaylah wrote:
> Ras, I have looked almost everywhere I can think of. Including all the major
> grocery stores, and not so major ones, dairies, cheese outlets (boy do we
> have alot around here), major wholesalers, farm/home stores, cheese making
> clubs, everywhere, including online web searches here in Cda.
>
> For some reason it is a very difficult commodity to come by at the moment in
> this neck of the woods?!?!?!
They have it. It's in stock. ( I called) Hope this helps.
Date: Mon, 09 Nov 1998 16:18:58 -0700
From: Curtis & Mary <ladymari at cybertrails.com>
To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
Subject: Re: cheese making
Kristi Kelly wrote:
> Does anyone have any recommendations for books or resources regarding
> period cheese making?
No necessarily period, but excellent for beginners: The complete Dairy
Foods Cookbook-How to make everything from cheese to custard in your own
kitchen" by E. annie Proulx & Lew NicholsRodale Press,copyright 1982 by
the authors, ISBN: 0-87857-388-7 The first chapter has a bit of history,
like perforated cheese making jars found in Swiss lake villages, et.
Rodale press also puts out a lot of whole foods cookbooks and things and
you will probably find other recipes by checking them out.
Mairi, Atenveldt
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 19:14:00 -0500
From: Karen at stierbach.atlantia.sca.org (Larsdatter, Karen )
To: Kristi Kelly <Kristi.Kelly at mci.com>, sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
Subject: Re: cheese making
Elspeth of Wye wrote:
> Does anyone have any recommendations for books or resources regarding
> period cheese making?
> I'm a total beginner and any help would be appreciated.
"Cheese Making for the Compleat Novice" by Lady Aoife Finn
http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/rialto/Cheese-Making-art.html
[Another file in my Florilegium - ed]
"An Easy Homemade Cheese" by Lady Catriona Fergusson
http://www.mtsu.edu/~kgregg/dmir/08/0828.html
"Kefir and Kefir Cheese" by Lady Catriona Fergusson
http://www.mtsu.edu/~kgregg/dmir/08/0827.html
"Slipcoat Cheese"
http://www.adelphi.edu/~sbloch/sca/cooking/ppb.html#cheese
That should at least be a start ... :)_
_
Karen Larsdatter
What A Friend We Have In Cheeses
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 16:12:23 -0800
From: "Melinda Shoop" <mediknit at nwinfo.net>
To: <sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu>
Subject: Re: cheese making
There are at least two books about cheesemaking in print, and available
from Lehman's a non-electric company who supply the Amish. The books are:
Cheesemaking Made Easy, by Bob Carroll, and Goat Cheese: Small Scale
Production, by the Mont-Laurier Benedictine Nuns. The same company also
has a video about cheesemaking.
I have no financial interest in Lehman's, just that they have good stuff
for some of us recreationists. Their website is www.Lehmans.com
Hope this helps. From my personal experience, making cheese is
ridiculously easy!
Vigdis Bjornsdottir
Veni, Vidi, Vantsi
I came, I saw, I nalbinded
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1998 02:44:38 -0500
From: Melanie Wilson <MelanieWilson at compuserve.com>
To: "INTERNET:sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu" <sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu>
Subject: Cheese making
It depends on the type you wish to make, soft, semi soft, hard, blue and so
on.
I strongly recommend starting with Soft cheese as it is the easiest and
quickest and working your way up as above.
Books :-
Soft Cheese Craft by Mary Ann Pike(gives some later period info
The story of cheesemaking in Britain -Val Cheke 1959
The Cheeses of Old England- Shelagh Frazer
Dairying Exemplified Josiah Twamley-1784
and on the practical side
Home Dairying by Katie Thear is the best I know of
There is a UK web site with all cheese making supplies listed they do mail
order, and if you can't find a US equivalent might be of use
http://www.netcomuk/~moorland/index.html. They do starter kits for curd,
soft and hard cheeses.
If you tell me more the period you are looking to I might be able to help
further.
For instance medieval cheeses were often from goats and ewes milk as
opposed to cows.
Mel
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1998 07:40:20 -0800
From: Melinda Shoop <mediknit at nwinfo.net>
To: Artspersons <SCA-ARTS at UKANS.EDU>
Subject: Cheesemaking
I did a little digging last night and came up with these sites on
cheesemaking, and thought I'd pass them on.
New England Cheesemaking Supply
www.cheesemaking.com
Cheesemaking in Scotland--A History
www.efr.hw.ac.uk/SDA/publshr.html
Glengarry Cheesemaking and Dairy Supplies (Canadian)
www.3dbiz.com/cheese/
The Art of Cheesemaking and Biotechnology (very technical!)
www.uwrf.edu/biotech/workshop/activity/act16/act16.htm
Vigdis Bjornsdottir
Date: Fri, 01 Jan 1999 15:06:18 -0500
From: Marilyn Traber <margali at 99main.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Scottish/british food terms
There are 2 kinds of lactobacillus used in cheese making, and they are only
slightly different. Meso is what is used in chedders, colbys, bries and the
non bubbly cheeses. the other type is what makes the eyes in swiss and havarti.
margali
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1999 08:00:18 EDT
From: LyAngharad at aol.com
Subject: SC - Re: Cottage Cheese
There is a recipe for cottage cheese in "Cheesemaking Made Easy" by Ricki and
Robert Carroll, pages 42-45 [ISBN 0-88266-267-8]. We haven't actually done
these recipes, but have used others from this (modern) book, and they worked
fine. There is a lot of information about all kinds of cheeses in this book!
The authors are co-owners of the New England Cheesemaking Supply Co., where
we order all our cheese supplies from.
Ly. Angharad
Namron, Ansteorra
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1999 14:22:26 -0400
From: Melanie Wilson <MelanieWilson at compuserve.com>
Subject: SC - Cottage Cheese
Cottage cheese
Traditionally for using up skimmed milk if the pig is full!
1.12 litres skimmed milk
1 tbs cultured buttermilk or natural yogurt(optional)
2tsp junket rennet
salt to taste
Heat milk to 30 degrees C, stir in started and rennet, cover leave 1 hour,
cut curds reheat to 38 degrees, stirring gently, remove pan allow to settle
15 mins, line colender with scalded muslin, over bowl, spoon in curds drain
10 mins, rinse under cold tap water , add salt chives, or whatever to your
taste
Mel
Date: Sat, 28 Aug 1999 09:57:25 -0400
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Chessy Question
Tollhase1 at aol.com wrote:
> Oh how does one milk a ewe
> (besides carefully). What regulations are there concerning using raw milk?
All I know is that in some places it is illegal to sell raw milk for
human consumption. You may be able to buy fresh goat's milk, or
something, to slop your hogs with. There are ways around most such regulations.
> Does it still need to be pasteurized prior to making cheese, or can it be
> done afterwards. Are there Places to purchase Raw milk, or at this point in
> my craft it won't make a difference.
As far as I know, the main enemy for cheesemaking is _homogenized_ milk,
not pasteurized milk. I've made many perfectly fine cheeses with
pasteurized, non-homogenized milk in the standard grocery-store paper
half-gallon cartons. Most large health-food stores (the kind that sell
stuff other than jars of vitamins and Weight Gain 4000 ["BEEFCAKE!!!!"]
) sell non-homogenized milk. The trouble with homogenized milk is that
the butterfat acts, effectively, as a shortening, preventing protein
molecules from growing into chains, as is supposed to happen when milk
forms curds, so you can't get a good firm curd with homogenized milk
unless you add any of various chemicals, like calcium carbonate.
You might consider that route anyway, if you want to experiment on a
small scale while you get started. The New England Cheese Supplier place
you mention sells calcium carbonate solution; you add a couple drops to
a gallon of homogenized milk and you're ready to go. I'd advise this
more in the case of a city-dweller who might have trouble getting the
necessary unhomogenized milk. Your call.
You might also try Jocasta Innes' _The Country Kitchen_
©1979 Frances Lincoln Publishers Ltd.
London
ISBN 0-906459-01-X
She has an excellent and comprehensive chapter on cheesemaking.
Adamantius
Date: Sat, 28 Aug 1999 12:13:39 -0400
From: margali <CmUaSrKgYaNlOiLES at 99main.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Cheesy Question
> Is it true that say Joann fabric cheese clothe does NOT work for cheesemaking?
> Frederich
I use unbleached muslin washed twice in detergent to remove
the sizing and then again in plain water to remove any
residue of the soap. Cut into a 24"x24" square and serge the
edges. I also use kitchen cotton cording to tye the thing
into the draining sack and suspend it from the valence over
the sink to drip into a bowl [I like to make whey bread]
I havent really ever used actual 'cheesecloth' [fine gauze]
for anything except wrapping fish to poach in.
margali
Date: Sat, 28 Aug 1999 12:29:25 -0400
From: "D. Clay-Disparti" <Clay at talstar.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Cheesy Question
In a galaxy far, far away (and several years in the past) we owned a dairy goat
herd. We milked twice a day, by hand, and never had a problem. I kept most of
does and sold the bucks, hand feeding all the babies. We had milking stands my
husband made out of lumber where you put the goat's head through one end so
their head is above a box holding some sweet feed to keep their
attention...goats will do most anything for sweet feed. It helps to have warm
hands and you gently punch the udder like a kid would do to help the milk "let
down". Never had a problem with a goat withholding her milk. I personally
think it helps if they have been hand fed from birth. We ordered all our
supplies from a place called Caprine Supply and I think I vaguely remember some
kind of mechanical milking device (although I am getting older and they say the
memory goes first)... you can also order all the vaccines, milking supplies (if
you want a fresh sweet tasting milk you need to use stainless steel and make
sure it is sterilized) and cheese making supplies, as well as books. Your
county agricultural agency can also help with answers sometimes. If you decide
to raise any goats yourself and need help, just e-mail me. I'm good for some
advice on the animals and the cheese making.
Isabella
Date: Sun, 29 Aug 1999 15:41:32 -0500
From: "Sharon R. Saroff" <sindara at pobox.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Chessy Question
I don't remember the name of the cheese now, but I made a soft Indian
cheese for Laurel Prize back in November. It was made of milk and lemon
juice and spices with herbs. The lemon juice was used to make the milk
curdle. I used caraway seeds as spice for one batch, mint in the second,
and tarragon and dill in the third.
Sindara
Date: Sun, 29 Aug 1999 16:45:26 -0500
From: "Sharon R. Saroff" <sindara at pobox.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Chessy Question
>"Sharon R. Saroff" wrote:
>> I don't remember the name of the cheese now, but I made a soft Indian
>> cheese for Laurel Prize back in November. It was made of milk and lemon
>> juice and spices with herbs. The lemon juice was used to make the milk
>> curdle. I used caraway seeds as spice for one batch, mint in the second,
>> and tarragon and dill in the third.
>>
>> Sindara
>
>Panir, by any chance?
>
>Adamantius
Yes, That is the name.
Sindara
Date: Fri, 3 Sep 1999 06:34:56 -0700
From: varmstro at zipcon.net (Valoise Armstrong)
Subject: SC - Re: german/prussian recipe, help needed
Adamantius said:
>This being a German dish, I suspect cottage cheese or "pot" cheese might
>be appropriate. Can anyone tell me what "hoop" cheese is? Is it a
>reference to the manner in which it is drained, in something like a flan
>ring? Or am I being logical again?
I don't know about "hoop" cheese, but since this is a German or Prussian
recipe, I suspect the cheese would be similar to Quark or Topfen which
consists of fresh curds. I don't know of a period recipe, but there is a
really simple one in Elizabeth Luard's _The Old World Kitchen_. I haven't
tried it, but a friend of mine swears it comes out similar to the authentic
product.
Valoise
*****
Curd Cheese
Quark (Germany)
Topfen (Austria)
2 tablespoons plain yogurt or wine vinegar
or 5 tablespoons lemon juice [My friend used lemon juice]
2 quarts milk
You will need a sausepan, a bowl, and a sieve. If using yogurt, bring the
milk to a boil and leave to cool to finger temprature (100 F). Mix the milk
with the yogurt in a basin. Put it in a warm place for 4 to 5 hours to set
as solid as yogurt.
If using vinegar or lemon juice, stir into the milk and brig to a near boil
(200 F) in a bowl set in a saucepan of water. Remove and keep in a warm
place for 4 to 5 hours.
Pour into a sieve lined with a scalded clean cloth. After an hour put a
plate on top to weight and encourage the whey to drip through. The curds
are the cheese. Cover and store in a cool pantry, and it will keep for
about a week. Drink the whey, flavored with fruit juice, for your health-or
use it to make scones. Keep in the refrigerator and it within 2 days [If he
wasn't ready to use the whey right away, my friend said that he could
freeze it without any problems and use it later for baking.]
Date: Fri, 10 Sep 1999 11:59:45 -0600
From: "Brian L. Rygg or Laura Barbee-Rygg" <rygbee at montana.com>
Subject: Re: SC - cheese revisited
I take yogurt -- the natural kind without the thickeners like gelatin, and
drain it in a #6 plastic Melitta coffee cone lined with a paper filter. I
cover the top of the cone with plastic to keep out odor and prop it in an
8-cup Pyrex (glass) measuring cup in the refrigerator -- leave it overnight.
One quart yields about 2 C. fresh cheese. Don't throw out the whey -- use
in bread-making for part of the water. The bread will keep longer. You can
also use it to dip cut up fruit in so that it doesn't brown (instead of
using lemon juice).
Raoghnailt
Stan Wyrm, Artemisia
rygbee at montana.com
Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 16:41:36 -0600
From: "Brian L. Rygg or Laura Barbee-Rygg" <rygbee at montana.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Yogurt Cheese
> rygbee at montana.com writes:
> << I take yogurt -- the natural kind without the thickeners like gelatin, and
> drain it in a #6 plastic Melitta coffee cone lined with a paper filter. I
> cover the top of the cone with plastic to keep out odor and prop it in an
> 8-cup Pyrex (glass) measuring cup in the refrigerator -- leave it overnight.
> One quart yields about 2 C. fresh cheese.>>
>
> I have never tried this method of making yogurt cheese before but you can bet
> I will put away the 4 layers of cheese cloth that I used at Ladies Champions
> Tourney. That was the first time I tried actually preparing the yoghurt
> cheese/garlic dish. :-)
>
> Ras
I use this method of making yogurt cheese as the base for a lower-fat
boursin (French garlic, pepper, herb cheese-- usually a double or triple
cream base). Let it age for at least a week to blend the flavors. I add
the seasonings to taste and use whatever herbs besides parsley I have
currently growing in my garden.
Raoghnailt
Date: Wed, 15 Sep 1999 19:43:04 -0600
From: "Brian L. Rygg or Laura Barbee-Rygg" <rygbee at montana.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Yogurt Cheese
> Do you add the herbs/seasonings after it has sat overnight and then let it
> sit again for a day or a few hours?
>
> Frederich
Yes, I make the yogurt cheese first (overnight) and then add the rest of the
flavorings which then sit again to mingle.
Raoghnailt
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 13:16:33 +0100
From: "Cindy M. Renfrow" <cindy at thousandeggs.com>
Subject: SC - re: cheesemaking
There are some soft cheese recipes in Two 15th c. Cookery Books, and some
illustrations of cheese making in Tacuinam Sanitatis.
Here's a recipe in verse from Liber Cure Cocorum, 15th c. (BTW, I sent the
scanned text of this MS. to Greg Lindahl, but I don't think it's up yet at
the Med. & Ren. Food page.)
Lede lardes
Take eyren and swete mylke of a cow,
Swyng hom togedur, as I byd now;
Take larde of fresshe porke with alle,
Sethe hit and schere hit on peses smalle;
Cast [th]er in and boyle hit, [th]enne
Styr hit wele, as I [th]e kenne,
Tyl hit be gedered on crud harde;
Leche hit, and rost hit afterwarde
Apone a gredel, [th]en serve [th]ou may
Hit forthe, with spit, as I [th]e say.
Cindy Renfrow/Sincgiefu
cindy at thousandeggs.com
Author & Publisher of "Take a Thousand Eggs or More, A Collection of 15th
Century Recipes" and "A Sip Through Time, A Collection of Old Brewing
Recipes"
Date: Fri, 31 Mar 2000 16:01:56 -0800
From: Maggie MacDonald <maggie5 at home.com>
Subject: SC - cheese cultures
At 06:10 PM 3/31/00 -0500,CBlackwill at aol.com said something like:
>BTW: If anyone is culturing the bacteria for making bleu cheese, I would
>really like to know you better...mine died off about two years ago, and I
>haven't been able to get another culture to survive more than three days. Of
>course, I have been trying with commercially available strains from the U.S.,
>which may have a termination "gene" in them to prevent cultivation.)
Have you checked out the New England Cheesemaking Supply web page? They
carry several culture starters, and the first one they list is the type for
blue cheese.
its at:
https://camby.crocker.com/cgi-bin/bigcheez/web_store/web_store.cgi?page=cata
log.htm&cart_id=
Heck, they make it look easy enough that I may give the cheesemaking thing
one more shot. (My last attempt was abysmally AWFUL!)
Regards,
Maggie MacD.
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2000 22:03:44 -0400
From: margali <margali at 99main.com>
Subject: Re: SC - My anti modern cheese thing was: toys for tot feast
> Her apprentice is my friend and could better speak about the wondrous soft
> herbed cheeses she makes. Unfortunately I do not have her last Queen's prize
> documentation where I can get it. Suffice to say she did her research.
> The closest I can find in the modern world, at least here, is "farmers
> cheese."
There are a couple of ways to accomplish herbed cheese - my favorite way to do it is to take the milk I am going to cheese and pitching the herbs into it and bring it up to temp, then inoculating it with the bacteria and rennet. Typically the herbs get bound into the structure of the cheese as it is coagulated by the
rennet. This works best with fresh chopped herbs. If I am using dried herbs, I
cut the curds, drain them and hand miz in the herbs , let stand overnight in the
fridge and then put it into cloth to drain the excess whey off.
I did find that if I make whey cheese it gets really nasty if I use herbed whey,
something about the slow heating and condensing does it. On the other hand, the
whey cheese is interesting enough on its own that it doesnt need anything else
added to it.
Margali
[thinking about starting to make cheese again this winter...]
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2000 00:01:15 -0400
From: "Bethany Public Library" <betpulib at ptdprolog.net>
Subject: RE: SC - My anti modern cheese thing was: toys for tot feast
Jana penned:
>OOH soft herby cheeses to spread on bread. Fresh hot out of the oven, (Ok
>so I'll wait 10 maybe 15 minutes before slicing the bread). This sounds
>like heaven to me. I await recipes with knife in hand.
I'm sure I don't know why making cheese is a big scary thing to most SCAdian
cooks.
Making your own cheese is easy, relatively effortless, cheaper than
storebought, immensely more flavorful, and is impressive as hell when
presented pressed into shape and strewn with whole fresh herbs or a decent
sauce at the feast table.
The farmer cheeses referred to in this thread are different in different
areas of the country. In some places it's near cottage cheese, in others
it's hard and semi-aged. I think what we all SEEM to mean is
what I know as farmer cheese: Crumbly or creamy, pressed (or semi-pressed)
white curds or bricks, that are sold fresh. In other words, green cheese.
Green cheese is nothing more than fresh pressed (sometimes unpressed) curds.
It isn't actually green (the color). It's green (unripe). Thus the
moon-is-made-of-green-cheese story. It looks like a cake of pressed, uncured
cheese, complete with pits and craters.
I've done this sort of thing easily for feasts, and so can you. Curds and
whey, Green Cheese, farmer cheese, etc., they all start out the same way.
Any cheese but cream and ricotta-styles are made up of Whole Milk and salt,
with a smidgen of rennet to make it curdle. Personally I amp up the cream
(and thus milkfat and flavor)content by a pint per gallon. You get rich
veins of high-milkfat running through your curds. Also personally, I use
unprocessed milk (that's a discussion for another time---but I pay half the
price of store-bought and the flavor is much better). Another personal
foible: I add some buttermilk, sour cream or yoghurt for flavor and to speed
along the process of curdling. The active cultures make for a better
finished product if aging the cheese, as well.
Here's what you do: Dissolve the rennet tablets in water according to
package directions. I use 2 Junket rennet tablets in 1/4 cup warm water per
each gallon of Whole milk plus additives (1/4 cup buttermilk, pint of heavy
cream). If the rennet is weak or old you will have to use more. You will
also have to use more if the milk is very new or if the cheese gods aren't
blessing your kitchen that day. Don't go overboard, however, because too
much rennet when not needed will make a rubbery curd.
Rennet is easily obtained from any cheese-supply source, in tablet or liquid
form, but you can also buy it at grocery stores. It's what's used to make
the dessert called Junket, which is nothing more than an elemental form of
cheese.
While dissolving the tablets (which can take up to 20 minutes), gently warm
the milk to blood temperature. Add your cream and cultured
buttermilk/yoghurt/sourcream if so inclined. When the
tablets are dissolved in the water, pour this gently into the milk, stir to
mix well, and then do not stir again. If you are a culture user, the culture
would be added about now, for cultured hard cheese. Not necessary for the
soft fresh cheeses. Hold it all at blood-temperature (I end up turning the
heat off and on to do this, or wrapping the Pot in towels. Be patient.
Sometimes it's a long long wait to get a curd. The curd can look two ways
when set: obviously a separation of curd and whey, OR, it may be softer-set.
If you are looking at the pot, it's been an hour, and it doesn't look set,
don't be dismayed. Sometimes the pot will LOOK like it's not set even when
it has. Jiggle it, and see how the surface reacts (is it solid or liquid?).
If this doesn't help, stick in a spoon and see if it's solid. Don't be
afraid to add more rennet at this time if needed. If somewhat set, heat the
pot a few degrees higher (not a lot!), and this will help set the curd. The
curd should never be really hard at this stage. Slightly solidified is more
like it.
Once you know the curd has set, run a big spoon through the mass a couple of
times. You want something workable but also want to keep the curds as whole
as possible. You do not want a puree!
Line a colander with cheesecloth, linen, or a clean smooth-weave cloth. Put
it in the sink or elevate over a large bowl. Pour the mass slowly into the
colander. It will drain like crazy. The curd will slowly become firmer as it
drains.
At this point I tie the ends of the cloth together knap-sack style, and let
the mass dangle from the faucet and continue to drip. When the dripping
slows way down, you can either use the cheese as is (mixed with 1 tsp.. or
more per gallon of milk used, of salt).
If you want to press it into a cheese shape, this is easily done. I use soup
cans or larger cans for lack of professional equipment. Cut off the tops and
bottoms of the cans, and clean them very well. Use one of the circles you
cut from the cans. Throw the other away.
Place the can on the top of a screen or a fine cakerack. Line the can with
another piece of scalded wet linen, cheesecloth or whathaveyou. Smooth it to
the sides to minimize wrinkles, and let the ends hang out over the can. Put
about 1 cup the curds into this improvised cheese mold---for a soup can
sized mold (sometimes called a vate in period)---and sprinkle in salt (use 1
tbsp. salt per gallon of milk used--note that this is different fromt he 1
tsp. for curds---some of the salt is drained away in pressed cheese).
Overlap the hanging ends of cloth, and place the circle cut from the can on
top (this is a follower). Any one pound of weight you can put on top of
this will do: Another can, clean stones, etc. Let it press until the
dripping is mostly finished. If you desire harder green cheese or want to
you cure the cheese, you can add more weight at this time, but for most
purposes this will be enough weight. Unmold carefully, transfer to a plate
if serving as is. If curing your cheese, choose "cakes" of cheese that are
relatively smooth on the surface and have no deep cracks. Allow to stay on
a non-reactive surface in a cool atmosphere, turning occasionally each day,
until a rind has formed (your cake rack, lined with cheesecloth, linen etc.
would be good). You may rub the surface with salt or vinegar to keep it from
molding. This will take from 1-2 days to a week. At this point you may seal
the surface with cheesewax (usually red) or beeswax.
Aged cheese should be stored in a cool dry place, and turned every so often
to ensure even moisture distribution. Sample whenever you wish, but I'd wait
several months at the least. When testing cheese, patience is a virtue.
Viola, cheese. There are various recipes for cheese out there in period.
It's quite rewarding to attempt to make them. Someone should ask Adamantius
about his slip-coat cheese sometime. It would be a very rewarding discussion
for all of us <hint>.
Cheers
Aoife
Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2000 12:46:24 EDT
From: BalthazarBlack at aol.com
Subject: Re: SC - making cheese
selene at earthlink.net writes:
> I'm another cheesehead interesting in making my own! I just picked up a '
> make your own cheese' kit at a garage sale last week, which has a convenient
> press gadget.
Lehmann's Non-Electric Catalog has a few cheese-making kits, as well as
rennet tablets and other cheese-making goodies. I haven't ordered any from
them, but they do LOOK like they're high quality...
Balthazar of Blackmoor
Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2000 17:09:27 -0700
From: Maggie MacDonald <maggie5 at home.com>
Subject: Re: SC - making cheese
At 12:46 PM 8/10/00 -0400,BalthazarBlack at aol.com said something like:
>Lehmann's Non-Electric Catalog has a few cheese-making kits, as well as
>rennet tablets and other cheese-making goodies. I haven't ordered any from
>them, but they do LOOK like they're high quality...
There is also the New England Cheesemaking Supply webpage. Their prices
seem pretty reasonable (though I haven't had the opportunity yet to order
any of their kits and give it a try). They list things like the special
molds for different cheeses. There are 5 different starter kits for the
novice. They claim the mozarella-ricotta kit gets you into cheese in 30
minutes. That could be interesting for a cook's guild meeting, or
girlscouts/cubscouts/whatever.
They are at
https://camby.crocker.com/cgi-bin/bigcheez/web_store/web_store.cgi?page=catalog.htm&cart_id=
Maggie MacD.
Date: Mon, 21 Aug 2000 21:35:46 -0000
From: Harry Brandt <harry at sewingcentral.com>
Subject: Re: SC - making cheese
Philip & Susan Troy said:
>I know the New Engand Cheesemaking Supply people (www.cheesemaker.com, I
>think) will sell anything and everything you need to make cheese from
>supermarket milk, including calcium chloride solution.
Nope. That's a really nice website for a cheese maker.
Harry
Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2000 13:41:58 -0600
From: "Brian L. Rygg or Laura Barbee-Rygg" <rygbee at montana.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Re: Making cheese
The most milk I've made cheese with at once was 3 gallons and I was teaching
a friend how to make it (It's a good way to have help). ;-) The largest pot
I have is a 20-qt. stockpot. I suppose you could break the milk into 3-4
batches and do it that way. The one thing I do stress is that you need (if
you don't already have one) is a real dairy (not the rinky-dink one that
came with the Salton yogurt makers) -- not candy -- thermometer. Mine came
with a kit I bought a long time ago (1983), but the cheesemakers' site
carries one I think.
Raoghnailt
Stan Wyrm, Artemisia
Veritas praevalebit
rygbee at montana.com
Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2000 14:05:10 -0400
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Re: Making cheese
ChannonM at aol.com wrote:
> Raoghnailt writes:
> > The one thing I do stress is that you need (if
> > you don't already have one) is a real dairy (not the rinky-dink one that
> > came with the Salton yogurt makers) -- not candy -- thermometer. Mine came
> > with a kit I bought a long time ago (1983), but the cheesemakers' site
> > carries one I think.
>
> I have a brewing thermometer that floats, will that work? Right now my
> problem is finding a supply of unpasteurized milk. I've approached a few
> farms but no luck so far. Even the "I have lots of kittens" story isn't
> flying.
>
> I'll keep trying.
Unpasteurized, raw, unhomogenized milk is certainly a fine thing to make cheese.
However...
You... do... not... need... unpasteurized... milk... to... make... cheese!
This is a commonly held, but incorrect, belief. Anyone who tells you you
do need unpasteurized milk is either lying or simply wrong.
What you need, or, rather, what is helpful, is unhomogenized milk.
Failing even that, you can buy, for some small sum, from the same place
you're probably getting rennet from, unless you're slaughtering your own
calves and processing the wealcrud, a calcium chloride solution which
you can add to ordinary milk from the supermarket. This will improve the
curdling abilities of homogenized milk so that cheese-making is
possible, while adding a proportionately miniscule amount of a chemical
that drains off in the whey anyway.
I can certainly understand the desire to learn everything possible about
the overall process from period beginning to period end, but to forego
making cheese because you can't get raw milk straight from the udder is,
if I may coin an original phrase nobody here has _ever_ heard before,
letting the best be the enemy of the good.
Adamantius
Date: Sat, 23 Sep 2000 09:07:44 -0400
From: margali <margali at 99main.com>
Subject: Re: SC - question about cheese...
Nisha Martin wrote:
> I was thinking about trying to make cheese and have
> seen several cheesemaking kits on the internet. Does
> anyone have a suggestion for an easier one to start
> out with? A company that is good to order from? I was
> thinking of starting with fresh mozerella. Thanks.
Mozzarella is not a good cheese to start with, it is more complex than even a
cheddar-at one stage in its making you heat the curd and stretch the mass sort
of like taffy[it is how it gets the funny peel apart string cheese effect.]
To be bluntly honest, you can make a soft cheese very simply by taking cottage
cheese, 1 8 oz container, 1 yoghurt, 8 oz container and mix them together. I
like to throw in italian herbs and garlic at this point. Then I take a simple
collander or seive and line it with a layer of clean muslin that I have washed
out all of the sizing and soap if any. You pour the resulting dairy glop in and
set it either in a sink or in the fridge over something to catch the dripping
whey. When most of the excess liquid is dripped out, take a clean large can[the
large progresso soup can is good] that has been thoroughly washed and tiny holes
punched in the bottom. I save the lid and use it as the chaser. Place the muslin
wrapped green cheese drained curds in in the progresso can, place the lid on top
and then put a full smaller diameter can on top of the chaser to press down on
the curds in the large can. Place the rig over something to catch the drips
with, and you can even stack another can on top for more weight if you want.
After all of the whey has been pressed out and the cheese is a solid hocky puck,
you can eat it green or you can age it. I happen to like the flavored farmers
cheese [or you can use chopped chilis for a sort of pepper jack effect] or you
can make it without the garlic and herbs for a nice and mild green cheese.
If you want to make your own curd cheese from the start, you only need raw milk
and rennet, and a small instruction book on cheesemaking that you can get from
your local agricultural extension office. The only thing about the kits [I got
the basic mesophilic kit from american cheese because I like cheddar] is you get
a booklet, a thermometer[which I have never used] a strainer/mold, a piece of
cheesecloth and a couple of packettes of mesophilic bacteria combined with
rennet. You can buy the mesophilic culture/rennet combo separately, you really
dont need the thermometer, you can make your own mold/press, and they sell the
booklet separately.
margali
Date: Sat, 23 Sep 2000 19:23:43 -0400
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Subject: Re: SC - cheese
Stefan li Rous wrote:
> But what do you use for a cheese press? Do you use one that your purchased
> commercially? Did you make it yourself? I'm imagining something with
> a large screw thread pressing a disc in a bucket. Or did you simply
> use a drilled plastic bucket, a circle of plywood or plastic and a
> bunch of wieghts? Would the latter work?
Yeah, it works. A fairly common traditional design for a cheese-press is
a a perforated cheese-vat, often looking like half a barrel with spaces
between the slats, and holes drilled in the bottom. This is inserted
into a rectangular frame with a wooden disk fitting inside it, which can
be weighted down, screwed down, or clamped down with a lever. Or you can
simply use the vat (corresponding to the bucket you mentioned) with the
disk inside, and weights. Sources like Digby and Plat mention using
weights to hold the disk down.
Adamantius
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 09:50:20 -0400
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Re: Trying Cheese (no, really trying)
ChannonM at aol.com wrote:
> A suggestion was to see if it separated when dragging a spatula
> through it. It did, but was not as solid as I envisioned it would be.
That is probably just a perceptual thing. The semi-hard, "squeaky" curds
some people think of when in Dairy Thought Mode is the result of cooking
curds, a process used in some cheesemaking, but not all. The closest
textural approximation of what to look for (that I can think of) is
barely set gelatin or aspic, the kind you then spoon over meat dishes,
pates and such as a glaze before it sets fully. Yes, you can slip a
spatula through it and it does separate (I usually just jiggle the pot
and see if I can see a clear space between the milk and the side of the
pot), but it doesn't, at this stage, form a curd sufficiently solid to
hold itself up without support from a container. It still acts very much
like a liquid. I don't know about the stringy reference, that usually
comes later, AFAIK. What you've described, though, sounds like viable
cheese to me, if in the early stages.
> I drained it anyway, thinking I had cooked it and set it too fast. I let the
> curds drain a few hours. The curds drained well enough so I added 1.5 tsp
> salt, mixed it and I then lined a large empty soup can with holes punched in
> it with cheese cloth and poured in about 2 cups of curd. I placed the can's
> top as a follower and placed a large can of beans on top. I made two such
> contraptions of cheese.
>
> This was left to press overnight sitting on top of a baking rack over a tray.
> Some soft cheese pressed out of the can in little blobs. I then took the
> cheese from 1 of the presses out and tasted it, looked at it and generally
> thought about it. Well, it was a taste between cottage and cream cheese, but
> without the dryness of cottage curds. It was fairly smooth in texture, with a
> hint of a rind. Seemed too wet to me, and the only flavour was from the salt.
> Kinda insipid. :)
This, too, shall pass. If you were able to remove it from the mold at
this stage of the game, I'd say you're on your way. Much of the flavor
component will come as it ripens, and the texture will also change as
the casein is broken down and stirred up by bacterial action.
> I added a second can on the other cheese contraption, and will let it press
> longer.
Sounds like a plan. Do Not... as in, do not, succumb to the temptation
to add too much weight in the early stages (even period authors are very
clear on this); unlike your little problem with curds shooting out the
holes, what you'll be left with (in addition to the aforementioned
shooting) will be dry and unpleasant. I would guess that you'll end up
with little wheels, each just shy of eight ounces, and you probably want
a minimum ripening period of about ten days for wheels that size. That'd
be for a not-really-sharp, creamy cheese like, say, Tomme, or York. In
short, slipcote.
Adamantius
Date: Mon, 05 Mar 2001 15:14:11 -0500
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
Subject: Re: SC - Cheesemaking question
rcmann4 at earthlink.net wrote:
> So far, I've had a few successes and a few failures, and I think I've
> read nearly every cheesemaking website on the Net. There's one
> question I haven't been able to answer about period cheesemaking
> practices: I know they used cheese presses to shape and firm the
> cheese, but did they cook the curds? Or is that a modern
> innovation?
From what I've been able to determine, it's modern. Admittedly, what I'm
saying is, "I don't know that the cooking of curds was done in period,"
rather than, "I know that it was not done in period." What I do know is
that of the actual cheese recipes I've seen in Dowe, Markham, Plat, and
Digby (the last three all early post-period), along with various
curd-based dishes in the medieval corpus and various net-based cheese
process descriptions of things like gruyere (allegedly period) appear to
be uncooked. This might be coincidence, and I may simply have missed all
the cooked curd recipes, but I suspect not.
Adamantius
Date: Wed, 7 Mar 2001 01:23:29 -0500
From: LYN M PARKINSON <allilyn at juno.com>
Subject: Re: SC - cheese
Hope you aren't completely buried under the snow, but you aren't going
anywhere, so try this great site I found today on how to make cheese!
http://www.tudocs.com/cheese.html
http://www.efr.hw.ac.uk/SDA/cheese2.html
The first one brought up a bunch of cheesy sites--didn't have time to
look at all of them. One is a catalog where you can buy presses, cheese
boxes, etc. Might try their 30 min. Mozzarella, myself, sometime.
The second one is directions and history, just the things you were
looking for.
Allison
Date: Sun, 29 Apr 2001 13:09:13 -0700 (PDT)
From: Chris Stanifer <jugglethis at yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: SC - yogurt Cheese 101?
- --- Solstice Studios <solstice at moscow.com> wrote:
> I am experimenting with hyogurt cheese for th first
> time ever. Hanging out on this board is getting me
> tooooo excited :) I have started with a large
> container of non -nonfat plain yogurt. I put it in
> two layers of cheese cloth and in a strainer
> overnight in fridge.
>
> Now, I am wondering if anyone else here has played
> with what must be a introductory and basic cheese
> making method that I am just now getting into :) I
> am wondering what sort of spices and uses folks like
> to do with this cheese, different lengths of letting
> it sit, spice before or after?, and what sort of
> recipes are used for it. Sorry if this is too basic
> for the experienced folks here.
>
> -Aleska
While being far from actual cheese making, this is a
great first step, and is almost fool proof. You will
be delighted with your first batch, I am sure.
I have made this on countless occasions, and have
always had great succes with it. I usually let it
sit, in the refrigerator, at least 24 hours, and have
even let it drain for 10 days. The former gives you a
cheese very much like a creamy ricotta, while the
latter will give you a denser, drier
consistency...almost crumbly.
My favorite herbs and spices to add are fairly
simple...fresh basil, mint and rosemary...sometimes
garlic, though not often... orange oil or
extract...and freshly cracked black pepper. Be
careful on the last one, though, as it tends to create
a flavor in the cheese very much like raw beef...I'm
not certain why this happens, and it could be
particular to my tastebuds :)
I use the cheese in a number of ways, as well...as a
basis for blintz... as filling for canolli...in place
of sour cream on any number of dishes (especially Beef
Stroganoff)...as a topping for canape or
bruschetta...and even as a stuffing for light,
pristine Sole.
As for when to put in the flavorings, it varies. I
prefer to put fresh herbs in with the yoghurt prior to
draining, and mix spices and extracts/oils in after it
has thickened somewhat.
Once you have made this a few times, you might try
draining it for about a week, and then pressing it
into muffin tins (or a cake tin). Weight it for
another three days...then roll it in rock salt to
cover it...wrap it in cheesecloth...and age it in the
fridge for another week. It comes out tasting very
much like a slightly drier Feta Cheese. Very nice in
a salad, or over plain cooked pasta with olive oil and
fresh herbs.
Balthazar of Blackmoor
Date: Sun, 29 Apr 2001 18:54:37 EDT
From: LrdRas at aol.com
Subject: Re: SC - yogurt Cheese 101?
solstice at moscow.com writes:
<< Now, I am wondering if anyone else here has played with what must be a
introductory and basic cheese making method that I am just now getting into
:) >>
I have made this for period middle eastern feasts. Mixing mashed garlic into
it after it has drained. I'm sure Stefan or someone on the list has the
recipe I posted on this list. The longer you leave the yogurt drain, the
firmer the finished product. I believe the source of the recipe is either
al-Baghdadi or the Book of the Beloved.
Ras
Date: Sun, 29 Apr 2001 19:12:24 -0400
From: "micaylah" <dy018 at freenet.carleton.ca>
Subject: Re: SC - yogurt Cheese 101?
Ras said...
> I have made this for period middle eastern feasts. Mixing mashed garlic into
> it after it has drained. I'm sure Stefan or someone on the list has the
> recipe I posted on this list. The longer you leave the yogurt drain, the
> firmer the finished product. I believe the source of the recipe is either
> al-Baghdadi or the Book of the Beloved.
Ask and you shall receive. I make this all the time.
Micaylah
******************************
An Islamic Feast in a Barbarian Court
by al-Sayyid A'aql ibn Rashid al-Zib
copyright c 1999
Sals
'Yoghurt Cheese with Garlic'
First. Yoghurt is filtered and garlic is put in it.
(from 'The Link to the Beloved'; Translated by Charles Perry. A Collection
of Medieval and Renaissance Cookbooks, Vol. II. Duke Sir Cariadoc of the
Bow)
Redaction by al-Sayyid A'aql ibn Rashid al-Zib, AoA, OSyc. Copyright c 1999
L. J. Spencer, Jr. Williamsport, PA.
1 pint Plain wholemilk yogurt
3 lg cloves Garlic, mashed to a paste
Nigella seed, ground for garnish (optional)*
Line a strainer with 2 layers of cheesecloth. Suspend strainer over a
deep bowl or pot. Dump yogurt into cheesecloth lined strainer. Cover
with a cloth or plastic wrap. Put in a cool place for 12 to 24 hrs. to
drain.
Discard liquid or use in breadmaking. Put drained yogurt in a bowl Blend
in garlic paste, mixing thoroughly. Leave a few hrs. to absorb and
develop flavor. Serve with flat bread. Serves 8.
(NOTE: Serving idea- Mould Sals in a mound in the center of an
earthenware plate covered with a large flatbread. Surround with an
overlapping layer of marinated or plain sliced cucumbers. Sprinkle top
with nigella and mount with a twisted cucumber slice.)
Date: Mon, 16 Jul 2001 09:08:12 -0400
From: margali <margali at 99main.com>
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Torta Sambuccea
Great idea to make cheese at Pennsic ;-)
There is a chemical that you have to add to pasteurized
homogenized milk to make it curd up when you add the rennet
[animal or vegetable type] so I would suggest that you go to :
No afiliation [other than a satisfied customer ;-)]
They are very friendly, and they even have a starter kit:
https://camby.crocker.com/cheese2/cgi-bin/web_store/web_store.cgi?page=kit.htm&cart_id=
The starter kit is for ricotta/mozzarella, and is dead simple ;-)
I prefer their mesophilic starter [it includes the rennet and the
microbes for cheddar and other hard cheeses] as my favorite cheese
product is actually the curds that you get before you compress
them into cheese ;-) [what can I say, when made right, they
squeek when you bite into them. It's a kid thing, I grew up near
a cheese factory and like curds!]
margali
From: "a5foil" <a5foil at ix.netcom.com>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Torta Sambuccea
Date: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 01:45:35 -0400
> But when I do a curdled cheese using vinegar, wine or lemon
> juice it comes out tasting like it has been left in the sun for a
> few days without benefit of refrigeration ... if i use a chemical
> such as rennet [I make my cheese with raw milk] I don't get the
> same problem. I think it is an issue of the pasteurization
> changing the flora living in the milk once it has been opened. At
> least with raw milk, the original mesophilic buggies taste right
> to me ;-)
>
> margali
I expect it has less to do with the pasteurization than it does the choice
of coagulant. Rennet isn't going to contribute any of the sour, acidic
flavors that vinegars and lemon juice contribute. I know what you mean about
that taste, though. We make fresh lemon cheese from time to time, and it can
have an off taste if the lemons are extra sour. But when the lemons are
right, it is refreshing and light, and doesn't have any more bite than a
good chevre.
Thomas Longshanks
From: "a5foil" <a5foil at ix.netcom.com>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 01:53:52 -0400
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Vegetable rennets (was Re: Cheese-making note )
I have found that dried hyssop consistently curdles warm milk (makes for a
horrid looking Douce Ame, but it still tastes good). Has anyone out there
used hyssop (fresh or dried) to make cheese?
The Catalan use a vegetable coagulant in cheesemaking called "herba-col". No
one I talked to could tell me what it is. No one on the cheesemaking boards
had heard of it when I posed the question last year. Does anyone here know
what "herba-col" is? I'm wondering if it might be an alternate name for the
cardoon flower.
Thomas Longshanks
From: Bronwynmgn at aol.com
Date: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 10:01:15 EDT
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Torta Sambuccea
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
margali at 99main.com writes:
> But when I do a curdled cheese using vinegar, wine or lemon
> juice it comes out tasting like it has been left in the sun for a
> few days without benefit of refrigeration
Hmm - I've never had that problem, and I've done it with regular grocery
store milk and Pennsic milk. I don't care as much for the vinegar ones
myself, but the lemon is really good (IMO, of course). I haven't tried it
using wine.
I suppose that it tasting like it's gone bad is because curdled milk is
generally considered to *have gone bad*. I certainly never expected to get
anything edible by pouring lemon juice into milk! I was skeptical to say
the least, but found the end result pleasing.
Brangwayna Morgan
From: jenne at fiedlerfamily.net
Date: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 11:07:53 -0400 (EDT)
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Torta Sambuccea
> I have been served the lemon cheese as a feast dish, and it
> tasted like milk gone way bad.
I had lemon and lime cheeses at a class at a recent herb event. They were
very interesting and would have been good on sweet breads, Perhaps it
depends on the amount of lemon/lime juice?
-- Jadwiga
From: "a5foil" <a5foil at ix.netcom.com>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Vegetable rennets (was Re: Cheese-making note )
Date: Thu, 19 Jul 2001 00:05:28 -0400
(snip)
> Cynara cardunculus L is the Latin name for the cardoon or globe artichoke.
>
> I notice that one of the other common names in Catalan for
> this plant is "Card de formatjar" which would be
> "Cheesemaking cardoon", yes?
>
> Brighid ni Chiarain
Yes. The cardoon is used to make various cheeses, sometimes denoted by
"...de flor". The cheeses I've read about or tasted that are made using
herba-col, instead of rennet, aren't identified in any special way (e.g.,
mato'). Ah, well. Just one of those things I'm continuing to research.
Thomas Longshanks
Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 08:59:12 -0400
From: "Linda M. Kalb" <lmkalb at mail.med.upenn.edu>
Organization: University of Pennsylvania
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: [Sca-cooks] making cheese with lactaid milk
I bought the book _Cheesemaking Made Easy_ by Carroll & Carroll, and on page 14,
under the header "Coagulation - How and Why" it states (I paraphrase) that there
are two basic ways to coagulate the milk solids into a curd, acid coagulation and rennet coagulation. I quote: "You can cause acid coagulation either by adding an acid substance such as lemon juice or vinegar, or by adding a bacterial culture which turns the lactose (milk sugar) into lactic acid. Both are good ways to make a curd, and each is used for different purposes."
So I would assume that although lactaid milk wold not lend itself well to
cheesemaking with bacterial starter cultures, it should be just as good as regular milk in making cheese by acid coagulation. Most of these are soft cheeses.
Inga Guthbrandsdottir
From: "chirhart_1" <chirhart_1 at netzero.net>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Date: Fri, 31 Aug 2001 14:38:04 -0400
> On the subject, since I managed to miss the cheesemaking classes at
> Pennsic--can I make decent cheese with pasteurized, homogenized milk, or
> should I search out a source of raw milk?
>
> Margaret FitzWilliam
Chirhart adds: Yes you can but you will need to add calcium chloride. Add 1/4
tsp. for every two gal. of milk.
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2001 20:19:20 -0600
From: Sue Clemenger <mooncat at in-tch.com>
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Making, also Gjetost/Mjetost
Regarding the making of gjetost/mjetost....it's a liquid for a long,
long time (took me about 24 hours to cook it down). As it simmers, the
water (non-scientific term, but y'all know what I mean, you know you do
<g>) slowly steams away, and the milk sugars carmelize. The stuff gets
thicker and thicker, so, especially at the end, you really have to watch
to make sure it doesn't burn or scorch. If you get it to a soft fudge
consistency, you can pour/spoon it into a bowl or whatever, and it will
continue to stiffen as it cools. If you want it softer, take it off the
heat before it gets quite as thick.
--Maire
From: Bronwynmgn at aol.com
Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2001 07:50:20 EDT
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
chirhart_1 at netzero.net writes:
> Chirhart adds:Yes you can but you will need to add calcium chloride.Add 1/4
> tsp. for every two gal.of milk
> >
> > On the subject, since I managed to miss the cheesemaking classes at
> > Pennsic--can I make decent cheese with pasteurized, homogenized milk, or
> > should I search out a source of raw milk?
Hmm. I made perfectly good cheese from Pennsic milk and lemon juice, and
have done it at home several times since using pasteurized homogenized milk
and various vinegars or lemon juice, with never a drop of calcium chloride
anywhere near it. Heck, I don't even know where to get the stuff! I don't
know what it does with the cheese, but you certainly do not need to add it to
make cheese.
Brangwayna Morgan
Date: Sat, 01 Sep 2001 08:00:45 -0400
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Bronwynmgn at aol.com wrote:
> Hmm. I made perfectly good cheese from Pennsic milk and lemon juice, and
> have done it at home several times since using pasteurized homogenized milk
> and various vinegars or lemon juice, with never a drop of calcium chloride
> anywhere near it. Heck, I don't even know where to get the stuff! I don't
> know what it does with the cheese, but you certainly do not need to add it to
> make cheese.
Obviously you didn't need it, but others may, according to conditions.
What it does, essentially, is to help break down the emulsion of the
butterfat into the milk, effectively de-homogenizing it, making for
firmer curds that haven't been "shortened" by fats.
Adamantius
From: "chirhart_1" <chirhart_1 at netzero.net>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2001 13:32:03 -0400
Hi . When I wrote of the calcium chloride this was only if you are to make
hard cheeses from pasteurized milk. You are right about bag cheese.You do
not need it for that but please don't discount it altogether.Before you tell
some one you don't need it check it out. Makes you look good. And the world
is a better place ..
Chirhart
From: "chirhart_1" <chirhart_1 at netzero.net>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2001 17:04:43 -0400
It will not set!
From: "Elizabeth A Heckert" <spynnere at juno.com>
> It sounds as if the calcium chloride works both on the
> pasteurization and the homgenaity of the milk?? It sounds as if you were
> to get pasteurized and non-homgenized milk you would have good results
> with a new cheese if you didn't use the calcium chloride.
>
> What would happen if you would try to make a hard cheese with
> pasteurized, non-homgenized milk without using the calcium chloride?
>
> Elizabeth
Date: Sat, 01 Sep 2001 19:33:05 -0600
From: Sue Clemenger <mooncat at in-tch.com>
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Glenda Robinson wrote:
> Any ideas as to what to do with the whey? Cheesemaking.com suggests baking
> bread, but there's probably a few other great suggestions out there to share
> with your fellow cooks.
Depending on how you made the cheese in the first place (i.e., with
something acid-based, or with rennet), you could make gjetost or mjetost
(sp?) with your whey. Or, if your whey is really fresh, you can make
ricotta cheese from it.
I think you can also put the whey in soups, but I'd do it in something
where the color doesn't make too much of a difference--the last time I
paid attention to the color of the whey after I made cheese, it was the
_nastiest_ pale yellowy-green color.
--Maire
From: Tollhase1 at aol.com
Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2001 22:06:31 EDT
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: [Sca-cooks] more cheesy attempts
> ! I don't
> know what it does with the cheese, but you certainly do not need to add it
> to make cheese.
Also be very careful not to scorch the milk. Tried to rig up a double boiler
to heat the milk indirectly to make the lemon cheese. Boy was it a glorious
failure. Tomorrow I will try again with a different configuration. I did
notice that I was using two different methods and had a 5 degree difference
between the two. By sorching the milk, it prevents the curds from
seperating (question/ statement?)
My second batch of cheese was a quasi success. It tastes good, but the
texture for the cheese was all wrong. Sort of ended up like a feta
consistency. Did I overwork the cheese?
Frederich
From: Tollhase1 at aol.com
Date: Sat, 1 Sep 2001 22:16:07 EDT
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Hard Cheese
> What would happen if you would try to make a hard cheese with
> pasteurized, non-homgenized milk without using the calcium chloride?
>
> Elizabeth
It is my understanding that you would loose a lot of the curds as they would
not separate the same way. The cheese would not be as firm as a typical hard
cheese. I add a citric acid powder and a vegetable rennet to my cheese. But
I am not anywhere ready to try hard cheese. At least my family likes my
mistakes so far.
Frederich
Date: Sat, 01 Sep 2001 22:50:40 -0400
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Glenda Robinson wrote:
> Any ideas as to what to do with the whey? Cheesemaking.com suggests baking
> bread, but there's probably a few other great suggestions out there to share
> with your fellow cooks.
It's been used in Scandinavia as a pickling medium, when soured. When
just a bit tangy, it's a surprisingly refreshing drink, chilled. Oh, and
don't forget to simmer it and skim off the ricotta that floats to the
top (re-cooked, hence the name, of a completely period cheese, even if
it is rarely made this way on an industrial scale).
Adamantius
Date: Sat, 01 Sep 2001 23:16:38 -0400
From: Philip & Susan Troy <troy at asan.com>
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Elizabeth A Heckert wrote:
> It sounds as if the calcium chloride works both on the
> pasteurization and the homgenaity of the milk?? It sounds as if you were
> to get pasteurized and non-homgenized milk you would have good results
> with a new cheese if you didn't use the calcium chloride.
The calcium chloride doesn't really address the pasteurization issue, AFAIK.
> What would happen if you would try to make a hard cheese with
> pasteurized, non-homgenized milk without using the calcium chloride?
Cheese, ideally. If it is pasteurized, you might need to introduce some
kind of bacterial starter culture; some even use a spoonful of yogurt or
buttermilk for that.
Adamantius
Date: Sat, 01 Sep 2001 23:23:09 -0400
From: johnna holloway <johnna at sitka.engin.umich.edu>
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Glenda Robinson wrote:
> Any ideas as to what to do with the whey? Cheesemaking.com suggests baking
> bread, but there's probably a few other great suggestions out there to share
> with your fellow cooks.
Traditionally it was fed to pigs, because pigs love it
and grow very big when fed on it. It's nutritious, but the
taste is best described as insipid, say Alan Davidson.
It also is used in recipes as the liquid used in scones
But then again another thing to do with it is to make
"Whey Curd Cheese" which calls for a ratio of 1 part whey
to 2 parts milk. Heat the whey slowly until surface looks
frothy. Just before it boils.... Pour in the milk and continue
to heat for another 5 minutes or so. Don't boil it, so mind the
heat. Lift pan off from the heat if you must. When it starts
to curdle, remove from heat and let it sit undisturbed for
1 - 2 hours. Then spoon the curds in a cheesecloth lined
colander. Leave to drain for another 2 hours. Salt to taste
and store in a tub in the refrigerator.
Recipe is from a neat book called Soft Cheese Craft and Other
Recipes for the Aspiring Dairymaid by Mary Ann Pike. Whittet
Books, Surrey, UK. 1982.
Johnna Holloway
From: "chirhart_1" <chirhart_1 at netzero.net>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] New Cheese
Date: Sun, 2 Sep 2001 01:55:58 -0400
From: <LadyAngustias at aol.com>
> > you could make gjetost or mjetost
> > (sp?) with your whey. Or, if your whey is really fresh, you can make
> > ricotta cheese from it.
>
> Recipe please
Chirhart Adds:
2 gallons or more whey .Fresh! At this time you can add a pint of cream or 1 qt.milk (makes more cheese) heat to 200o. When the temp is reached put in
1/2 cup vinigar let curds form take from heat. Line a colander with cheese
cloth not pourious kind! Let drain for a couple hours. Pour into bowl add
a little salt, some spice if you like and add a little cream if you want it most
injoy.( Does not make tons but is relaxing)
Chirhart
From: "Brian L. Rygg or Laura Barbee-Rygg" <rygbee at montana.com>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Re: Sca-cooks digest, Vol 1 #524 - 18 msgs
Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2001 19:06:51 -0600
> Any ideas as to what to do with the whey?
Fruit dipped in whey will not turn brown and it's safe for the citric acid
sensitive crowd.
Raoghnailt
Date: Wed, 19 Sep 2001 14:44:16 -0500
From: "C M Bucheger" <cmbucheger at mail.wireweb.net>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Making
Recently there was some discussion about cheese making and some of the additives that are required, specifically the calcium- something or another that someone asserted that without, the curds would not come if using homogenized milk. I was a little puzzled by this as I've made a couple of batches of cheese using unhomogenized and homogenized milk from a local nonhormones-and-other-additives dairy and also a regular gallon of milk from the local HEB, using yorgurt and/or lemon juice as a curdling agent and got about the same results. Curds were not especially big, but they were there and I had cheese.
Still I was ready to try cheese using "real" rennet, so I ordered a kit from cheesemaking.com and made a batch following Markham's receipt with a gallon of milk from HEB. It was not good. After waiting an hour for curds and not getting any I added some more of the rennet. I think I almost had curds at this point. I drained the curds and got a ball of soft cheese that was half the size I had gotten from a half gallon of milk.
So it seems to me, using the vegtable rennet does require this additional additive to make cheese using homogenized milk, while other curdling agents may not.
Alexandria
From: "Randy Goldberg MD" <goldberg at bestweb.net>
To: <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Ember Day Tart grene cheese
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2002 06:26:01 -0500
> Have you thought to make your own "soft cheese?" A cheese made from yogurt
> is soft & unripened. Or running the whole she-bang of obtaining {raw}
> unhomogenized milk, and a starter {rennet?} use a book on "how to" from the
> Library. If not an older cookbook from your own collection. I found a
> cool chapter in a cookbook that lurked from my Sweetie's collection about
> stockpiling your own foods. The most complicated tool is a temperature
> gauge.
Easier yet - take a gallon of milk and a quart of buttermilk. Heat together,
and keep it between 180-195 degrees F. The acid will coagulate the proteins
and you will have (ta-da) made your own ricotta! This technique comes from
"Michael Chiarello's Napa" series on PBS. He says any acid will do.
Avraham
From: "Randy Goldberg MD" <goldberg at bestweb.net>
To: "sca-cooks" <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2002 06:39:10 -0500
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Ricotta
I have a correction to the Michael Chiarello ricotta recipe (I finally got
into the website to get the real instructions).
Arrange 6 or more layers of cheesecloth in a colander in the sink. Use a
wide surface area so that the curds will cool down quickly.
In a large nonreactive saucepan, pour 1 gallon milk and 1 quart buttermilk.
Heat over high heat and stir with a rubber spatula, making sure to cover the
whole bottom of the pan. Stir occasionally until the mixture is warm, then
stop stirring. As milk heats, the curds will begin to rise and clump on the
surface. As they begin to form, take the spatula and gently scrape the
bottom of the pan to release any curds from the bottom. Be careful, the
curds will scorch easily.
When milk reaches 175 F, the curds and whey separate. The whey looks like
skim milk versus a mass of thick white curds. Immediately remove from heat.
Working from the side of the pot, ladle whey through through prepared
cheesecloth. Go slowly so as not to break up curds. Finally, ladle all of
the curds into the cloth. Lift the sides of the cloth to let the liquid
drain.You can pick up the corners and tie them over a faucet to continue to
drain. Resist the temptation to press on curds.You will only lose solids
through the cloth. Discard the whey and pack the cheese into sealed
containers. Refrigerate and use within 1 week.
Date: Sat, 21 Jun 2003 18:17:05 -0600
From: Sue Clemenger <mooncat at in-tch.com>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Question
To: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
I make Queso Blanco with vinegar. I take a gallon of whole milk
(sometimes with an additional pint of heavy cream), and heat it to 180
degrees Fahrenheit, where I "hold" it for a few minutes. I then take it
off the heat, and carefully stir in a quarter to a third of a cup of
real cider vinegar. It'll curdle fairly fast. At this point, I pour it
carefully into a cheesecloth or muslin-lined sieve (same one I use for
pasta, actually), and let most of the whey drain out. While it's still
softish, I can add herbs, flavorings, salt, etc. I then tie up the
corners of the cloth, like a hobo kerchief, and hang the whole thing to
drip over the sink overnight. Each gallon of milk will make a couple of
pounds of fresh cheese.
I've only tried the lemon version a couple of times, and found it too
tart for ordinary purposes, but YMMV, of course.
--maire
Barbara Benson wrote:
> That sounds wonderful, could you be more specific in the technique that you
> are referring to. I have never tried to make cheese (it is on the GREAT LIST
> OF THINGS TO LEARN, but I haven' gotten to it yet;)
>
> Serena
>
>> Generys> I agree that it would be a soft cheese. you could always take that
>> literally, however, and do the "cream separated with lemon juice or vinegar
>> and drained" trick (I've been playing with this lately. it's yummy stuff,
>> and really easy, and best of all, much cheaper than decent farmers cheese.)
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 19:34:23 +1000 (EST)
From: tracey sawyer <tfsawyer at yahoo.com.au>
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Re: Sca-cooks Digest, Vol 1, Issue 3544
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
I have a really easy cottage cheese recipe - well it's actually crowdie
which is a cream cheese ...
2 litres milk
600 ml cream
Salt to taste
Herbs (optional)
Allow your milk to ripen (that is turn sour and begin to thicken) (say
36 hrs depending on the weather - it was autumn in Australia, so mid
teens Celcius)
Add the cream, leave another 12 hours
Put into a cheesecloth and drain (I tied it to my rolling pin which I
balanced on a bucket). Drain off the whey (don't waste it, you can use
it in bread making or mix it in with your chooks food - they love it)
When it stops dripping (say 12 -24 hours) add a bit of salt, taste it,
add a bit more, taste it - until it tastes right.
Plain it is delicious on toast with jam
I added garlic and mustard seed to 1/3 of mine - Mmmm! very nice on
bikkies... and I added mixed herbs to another 1/3 which was also
tasty... experiment with other flavours.
IT IS DEAD EASY - and takes about 30 minutes spread over a week!!!.
Luv, Lowry
Lady Lowry ferch Gwynwynwyn ap Llewelyn mka: Tracey Sawyer
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 10:18:59 -0400
From: "Phil Troy / G. Tacitus Adamantius" <adamantius at verizon.net>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Re: cheese (was digest)
To: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
On Sunday, June 22, 2003, at 10:13 AM, Barbara Benson wrote:
> That sounds great, just one question - what's a Chook? ;)
> -Serena
>
>> Luv, Lowry> Put into a cheesecloth and drain (I tied it to my rolling
>> pin which I balanced on a bucket). Drain off the whey (don't waste it,
> you can use it in bread making or mix it in with your chooks food - they love
> it)
Ozzie/NZ/parts of UK slang for chicken.
Adamantius
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 10:32:13 -0400
From: "a5foil" <a5foil at ix.netcom.com>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Question
To: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
What I would recommend is that you try the recipe with several
different kinds of soft cheese and see what works best. The last time I
needed a soft cheese, I tested home-made vinegar cheese, ricotta, cream
cheese, cottage cheese run through a blender, mascarpone, and quark.
Each one gave a different result.
Lemon and vinegar cheese are easy to make. If you use too much or too
strong an acid they can turn out sour, and the lemon cheese has a
definite lemon taste which won't work in some recipes. Also if you get
the milk too hot the cheese can go chewy.
You can use the whey in baking, and for this purpose it freezes well.
It does change the texture of the bread a bit but it's an easy way to
make a sort of mock sour dough.
If you're really interested in making cheese, look for a copy of "Home
Cheese Making" by Ricki Carroll or her earlier book "Cheesemaking Made
Easy." Also check out cheese cultures and cheesemaking supplies at New
England Cheesemaking Supply (Ricki's company) at www.cheesemaking.com
Their direct-set cultures are extremely easy to use. There are other
suppliers but this is the one I use.
Cynara
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 13:48:03 -0400
From: "Generys ferch Ednuyed" <generys at blazemail.com>
Subject: RE: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Question
To: "'Cooks within the SCA'" <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
This was on the Medieval Encampments list a few weeks ago. Basically, you just take whole milk, or half-and-half (I haven't tried half and half, but it ought to produce more cheese than straight milk...), and heat it on the stove until it gets to about 160-180 degrees. Remove from the heat, and add lemon juice or vinegar until it separates - for 1/2 gallon of milk yesterday, I used about 1/4 cup of lemon juice, but don't be afraid of adding too much - it drains away with the whey. You'll **see** when you've added enough - the separation will be dramatic. Once it separates, drain it through a muslin-lined colander (don't use cheesecloth, this is a rather small-curd cheese and you lose a lot in the weave of the cheesecloth if you do). Let drain for a while, squeezing it in the muslin once it cools enough to handle. You get a creamy cheese, with a distinct "lemony" flavor and a somewhat grainy texture. Not sure how it tastes if you do it with vinegar...though I've been told the vinegar version can taste a little odd to the modern palate.
For those of you who like Andalusian, this tastes WONDERFUL when you use it
as the base cheese for the "Zabarbada" in Duke Cariadoc's
Miscellany...though personally when I made this I cut back on the
onions and cilantro a LOT.
Generys
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 14:01:30 -0400
From: "Avraham haRofeh of Sudentur" <goldbergr1 at cox.net>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Question
To: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
> You get a creamy cheese, with a distinct "lemony" flavor and a
> somewhat grainy texture.
I'm told if you toss it into your Kitchen-Aid for a few minutes at a
Medium speed with the paddle, it gets creamier and less grainy.
Avraham
*******************************************************
Reb Avraham haRofeh of Sudentur
(mka Randy Goldberg MD)
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 12:05:24 -0600
From: Sue Clemenger <mooncat at in-tch.com>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Question
To: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
I use about 1/4 to 1/3 cup vinegar for a whole gallon of milk. I cannot
"taste" the vinegar in the finished product, which, if you let it hang
overnight, makes a nice, firm curd--almost like a loaf of cheese. The
original recipe says it's useful for cooking, stir-frying, etc. because
it doesn't melt, but I haven't yet tried it in that fashion.
I've thought (when I have time, which *isn't* right now!) of trying
other liquids to see if I can get a similar curd. ISTR some period
recipes that precipitate the curd with ale.....
--maire
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 14:14:06 -0400
From: "Generys ferch Ednuyed" <generys at blazemail.com>
Subject: RE: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Question
To: <mooncat at in-tch.com>, "'Cooks within the SCA'"
<sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
The lemon version does melt, though that may be because I didn't hang it
overnight - which is good, since I'm using to make "cheese goo", lol. I
will definitely have to try the vinegar version, though, thanks!
Generys
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 11:37:56 -0700 (PDT)
From: robert frazier <robertblacksmith at yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Question
To: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
the vinegar verson i use when i make "palak paneer"
indian-style fresh cheese and spanish. i put a weight
on it over night(a lg. soup can works).
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2003 15:03:04 -0500 (CDT)
From: "Pixel, Goddess and Queen" <pixel at hundred-acre-wood.com>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Cheese Question
To: mooncat at in-tch.com, Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
On Sat, 21 Jun 2003, Sue Clemenger wrote:
> I make Queso Blanco with vinegar. I take a gallon of whole milk
> (sometimes with an additional pint of heavy cream), and heat it to 180
> degrees Fahrenheit, where I "hold" it for a few minutes. I then take
> it off the heat, and carefully stir in a quarter to a third of a cup of
> real cider vinegar. It'll curdle fairly fast. At this point, I pour it
> carefully into a cheesecloth or muslin-lined sieve (same one I use for
I found that flour-sack towels are *perfect* or mostly so, for making
cheese. They drain beautifully and are usually large enough that you can
do the hobo thing with ease. And they come already hemmed. :-)
The ones from Wal-Mart were ok, the ones from Bed, Bath, and Beyond were
better, but more expensive.
Margaret
From: Heather Murray <margaret at easaraighexpunge.orgorganizethis>
Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
Subject: Re: Making feta
Date: Fri, 20 Aug 2004 12:26:14 GMT
Charlene Charette wrote:
> Heather Murray wrote:
>> OK, so I'm making feta. Second night this week I've simultaneously made
>> two batches at once, using a gallon in each batch, doing all the steps
>> at once.
>>
>> So can somebody tell me why one gallon of each of these batches turns
>> to milk silt, instead of forming proper curds? Literally these gallons
>> are from the same farm that sells only unpasteurized. The failure *is*
>> occuring in the same pot, but I used *exactly* this pot to make
>> previous successful batches of chevre and (beginning of August), a
>> small monterrey jack (using goats' milk, again).
>>
>> It's very frustrating. Someone? Anyone?
>>
>> Margaret Northwode
>
> Does this help?
> http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Cheese/clean_break/Problem_getting_a_clean_break.html
>
> --Perronnelle
Thank you - I'd found that last night after I'd posted. There's still
not a whole lot of useful *reason* why stuff from the same farm kept in
the same condition should act so wishy-washy, though. I threw it out as
soon as I'd gone to check the break. Perhaps if I'd kept it and let it
sit overnight, it would have worked up, but somehow I doubt it. It
didn't have the look of milk working on cheese (and the culture for both
was from the same packet).
Margaret N.
From: Heather Murray <margaret at easaraighexpunge.orgorganizethis>
Newsgroups: rec.org.sca
Subject: Re: Making feta
Date: Fri, 20 Aug 2004 22:31:15 GMT
georg wrote:
> Heather Murray wrote:
>> Thank you - I'd found that last night after I'd posted. There's still
>> not a whole lot of useful *reason* why stuff from the same farm kept
>> in the same condition should act so wishy-washy, though. I threw it
>> out as soon as I'd gone to check the break. Perhaps if I'd kept it and
>> let it sit overnight, it would have worked up, but somehow I doubt it.
>> It didn't have the look of milk working on cheese (and the culture for
>> both was from the same packet).
>>
>> Margaret N.
>
> Were you splitting the packet between batches? Perhaps the one batch did
> not get enough culture. It's also possible that your temperatures were
> not consistent between batches.
>
> My husband has made two batches of cheddar on the same day using
> everything exactly the same. He consistently screws up the second batch
> because of his alcohol level increasing as the day progresses- so his
> timing and temperatures are off, though he'll swear he did it all the
> same. I'm sure it's not your problem, but it may give you something to
> think about. Tiredness also affects judgement, as will your distractions.
>
> -georg
>
Yes, but the first time each pot got a packet - and with this, my last
packet, I measured so that each one got some. The good ones from each
batch made up equally well.
Eh, well.
Margaret N.
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2005 17:12:16 -0500
From: Wildecelery at aol.com
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Re: Cheese/Cheese-curd making
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
I took a class on period bag cheeses at Pennsic, several years ago.
The handout I have does not say anything about heating or boiling the
vinegar.
Basics:
Heat milk(or milk/cream mixture) until "uncomfortable to the touch",
but not boiling
Add vinegar 1/3 c at a time until it starts to separate
Drain through a cloth-lined colander
Tie up corners and let drip
Notes:
1) I use a plain cotton handkerchief as a "liner" most of the time.
2)I have found that you get a milder flavor using white wine vinegar,
cider vinegar is ok and plain white vinegar is passable, though
sometimes strong
3) If you want to add herbs for flavor, I found this easiest to do while
pouring the separated mixture into the strainer, as opposed to trying
to "knead" herbs into the finidhes spread or cheese
4) if left to drip overnight, or more than 5 hours, the cheese mass
hardens into a still somewhat spreadable, but more solid ball which can
be sliced or crumbled
-Ardenia
Date: Mon, 14 Feb 2005 15:32:29 -0800 (PST)
From: Carole Smith <renaissancespirit2 at yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Re: Cheese/Cheese-curd making
To: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
If the souring agent is lemon juice, you get still another flavor. It
is advisable to heat the milk to kill off funky spores, etc.
Cordelia Toser
Wildecelery at aol.com wrote:
I took a class on period bag cheeses at Pennsic, several years ago. The
handout I have does not say anything about heating or boiling the
vinegar.
Date: Thu, 5 May 2005 16:54:54 -0700 (PDT)
From: smcclune at earthlink.net
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Cheesecloth, was Re: Paneer
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
-----Original Message-----
From: Carole Smith <renaissancespirit2 at yahoo.com>
Note: For the cloth bag I folded a plain-weave kitchen towel in half
and sewed up the "sides". The cheesecloth I can buy at the store is
useless for this because the curds are quite small and the cheesecloth
is very loosely woven.
<<<
Agreed -- the stuff sold in most American supermarkets at "cheesecloth"
is all but useless, especially for making cheese!
However ... I get the GOOD stuff from Williams-Sonoma:
http://www.williams-sonoma.com/ and search for "cheesecloth".
It has worked well with even the finest-curded cheeses I've made.
Alternatively, a nice fine piece of linen or muslin (washed, of course,
to remove any sizing from it) ought to work just fine, too.
:)
Arwen
Caerthe, Outlands
(Denver, CO)
Date: Thu, 05 May 2005 20:53:51 -0400
From: Robin Carroll-Mann <rcmann4 at earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Cheesecloth, was Re: Paneer
To: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
smcclune at earthlink.net wrote:
> Agreed -- the stuff sold in most American supermarkets at
> "cheesecloth" is all but useless, especially for making cheese!
The supermarket kind of cheesecloth is so named because it's the stuff
that hard cheese is wrapped in for aging. I generally use muslin,
either from the fabric store, or sheets from the thrift shop
(well-washed and sanitized). I've also used "flour sacking" kitchen
towels from Walmart.
> Arwen
> Caerthe, Outlands
> (Denver, CO)
--
Brighid ni Chiarain
Barony of Settmour Swamp, East Kingdom
Date: Mon, 9 May 2005 09:39:58 -0700 (PDT)
From: Kathleen Madsen <kmadsen12000 at yahoo.com>
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Cheesecloth
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Actually the type of cheesecloth sold in grocery
stores would be avoided by miles by any serious
cheesemaker. The kind of cheesecloth that's used to
wrap cheeses, like bandaged cheddars, for long-term
aging are industrial cheesecloths. If you have an
opportunity to try a bandaged cheddar in a reputable
cheese shop ask to see the cheesecloth that's used on
the cheeses, it's extremely sturdy and durable. I buy
mine by the bolt from my local hippy fabric store, but
then I use lots and lots of it when I teach classes
and make my own cheeses.
I also use linen tea-towels and have been known to use
a clean pillowcase in a pinch.
Eibhlin the cheese-geek
Date: Tue, 10 May 2005 06:30:06 -0700 (PDT)
From: "Cathy Harding" <charding at nwlink.com>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Rennet
To: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
I get rennet in dry or liquid form (the dry tablets are easier to store
at events) from cheesemaking.com or leeners.com (and all sorts of other
cheesy supplies).
Maeva in An Tir
Date: Tue, 10 May 2005 10:24:48 -0700 (PDT)
From: Kathleen Madsen <kmadsen12000 at yahoo.com>
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Junket
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
>>>
Thanks for the clarification on this! It definitely sounds like
Something I want to test out at home before trying it on
others...
It just occurred to me, too, that using animal rennet the junket might
Make it not-vegetarian, right? Also, does the mix of milk and a meat-derived
product make it not kosher, either? I'm not against trying the recipe, I
just want to be sure about how many of the diners can
eat it.
Vittoria
<<<
Yes, it definitely makes it non-kosher. You
can substitute the veal-based rennet with a
vegetarian-based (which makes it kosher), which works
well unless you intend on aging it for long periods of
time. For some reason the veggie type adds a bitter
flavor to the paste in some cheeses at the 12-14 month
point. There is a recipe for making almond-milk
cheese (that I haven't tried) in Das Buoch von Guoter
Spise, recipe #71 "A cheese of almonds" which might be
substituted as well.
Eibhlin
Date: Tue, 10 May 2005 21:35:03 -0400
From: Robin Carroll-Mann <rcmann4 at earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Junket
To: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
Phil Troy / G. Tacitus Adamantius wrote:
> I'd try making a batch, maybe according to a modern recipe (you can
> even buy commercial junket tablets, which supply a weaker form of
> rennet than that used for cheeses), just to become familiar with the
> process before you decide what to do in the end. Me, I'd just make it
> at the event, in the morning, and serve it in the evening.
Not that it's relevant in this case, but I have successfully made soft
cheese using junket tablets. One tablet per gallon of milk will produce
a cheese as firm as Neufchatel or chevre, depending on how long it's
drained.
--
Brighid ni Chiarain
Barony of Settmour Swamp, East Kingdom
Date: Wed, 8 Jun 2005 10:07:49 -0700 (PDT)
From: Kathleen Madsen <kmadsen12000 at yahoo.com>
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Re: What leaves are good for wrapping cheese?
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Nettle, fig, grape, and chestnut are all types that
are in use today - but there are a few others that I
can't think of at the moment. You do need to be very
careful about how they are treated before applying
them to the cheeses as they can harbor listeria and
other pathogens. The best way to handle them is to
boil them in a mixture of water and liquor - like
brandy. You could also use a brine boil, but this
tends to crystalize on the leaf and make it dry and
brittle. Boil them for a minimum of 3 minutes, I tend
to do mine for about 15 - but be careful to make sure
they don't start to show signs of disintigration. The
leaves will probably not want to stay on very well, so
you may need to tie the wrapped cheese around with
twine or drive a toothpick through it.
Happy cheesemaking,
Eibhlin the cheese-geek
Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2005 18:13:22 -0400
From: "Phil Troy / G. Tacitus Adamantius"
<adamantius.magister at verizon.net>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Digby Help Needed
To: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
On Jun 11, 2005, at 3:03 PM, Mairi Ceilidh wrote:
> Thank You, Master Adamantuis!!! What a wonderful article. Do you have any
> suggestions, other than "DON'T!" for making a large amount of slipcote (say
> enough for 200+ servings)?
>
> Mairi Ceilidh
Well, I'd bear in mind that it's still a _fairly_ fresh cheese, and
not very acidic, so the usual caveats about drainage, temperature and
being easy to spoil would probably apply here. The last time I was
part of an attempt to make a really large one (what, Brekke, about
five pounds?) it went quite moldy and had to be thrown away before it
could dry sufficiently on the outside to preserve the interior, so
I'd be really careful about following Digby's instruction not to make
it too thick! (I forget whether he says to make it no thicker than a
finger, or a half-inch, or what.) IOW, maintain a surface-area-to-
mass ratio that is known to work.
OTOH, the cheese that failed was being made and stored in a different
location than the one in which the cheese the article is written
about was (if that makes any sense), so there may have been issues
with steam heat, air currents or the lack thereof, humidity, etc.
In re making it in large quantities, bear in mind that you'll
probably be dealing with curds from maybe 13 gallons of milk (if my
rough math is correct) to give everybody maybe an ounce of cheese.
You're probably going to have problems with cheeses aging at
different rates and qualities. You might pull it off if you have some
kind of very clean, dedicated shelving (like a clean, steel utility
shelf in a cool, dry garage, maybe with a fan to circulate air?) If I
were mad enough to do such a thing (and age may have imparted wisdom
in my case -- I'll let you know), I'd set aside a weekend and do it
in at least four batches, with one mold/basket per cheese. That way
you can start a second batch while the curds from the first batch are
draining, and the finished cheeses will be no more than a day apart
in age when you're all done.
You might find nice, inexpensive little baskets in a craft store for
less than a dollar each, and you can scald them in boiling water,
line them with muslin, and use them to drain and shape your cheeses.
Slightly larger plastic ones live at restaurant supply houses; they
use them to serve bread in places like your local pizzeria; plastic
ones may need to have a few extra holes punched in the bottom.
Buying a million little cheese kits from cheesemaker.com is probably
not a good idea ;-). I'd definitely start with one small one and work
my way up to large quantities slowly before buying all that
unhomogenized milk with your group's cash.
Adamantius
Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2005 15:16:11 -0700 (PDT)
From: Kathleen Madsen <kmadsen12000 at yahoo.com>
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Cheese portions
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
> Thank You, Master Adamantuis!!! What a wonderful
> article. Do you have any
> suggestions, other than "DON'T!" for making a large
> amount of slipcote (say enough for 200+ servings)?
>
> Mairi Ceilidh
Cut small?!?! :) People will only eat about 2-3
ounces of cheese in a sitting, and depending on what
you serve with it they may even eat less. If you
plate it to serve you'll be able to get away with less
as well, as you can control exactly how much each
person will be getting. If you are planning on
serving plated servings to 200+ people I'd estimate
you'd need about two wheels of a size of a 3-kilo brie
(the large 14" diameter size). If you are having a
buffet you're going to want about 25% more so that
there's enough for an attractive display and to make
up for the barbarians that will hack roughly at it.
;) I sell artisanal cheese for a living so I do this
a *lot*.
You can make enough of the cheese ahead of time, but
do a test-run first so you can determine how much
waste you'll get when the "coat" slips off the cheese
and a good estimate of how many servings each will
make. The more cream you use the higher a yield
you'll have too...
Eibhlin
Date: Sat, 22 Apr 2006 18:40:32 -0400
From: "Phil Troy / G. Tacitus Adamantius"
<adamantius.magister at verizon.net>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Thoughts on cheesemaking
To: Christiane <christianetrue at earthlink.net>, Cooks within the SCA
<sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
On Apr 22, 2006, at 9:20 AM, Christiane wrote:
> I was talking with my dad the other day about Sicilian food,
> because we're going to Sicily in October. And we were talking about
> cheeses, and he mentioned casually that his Uncle Tony made dried,
> salted ricotta (ricotta salata).
>
> He simply boiled whey, added something to it to make it curdle
> (rennet?) and then put the curds into a beehive-shaped wicker
> basket lined with cheesecloth; he'd cover the basket with more
> cheesecloth, and then put something heavy on the cloth to press the
> curds. He'd leave it covered in the basement to age and dry.
I've made ricotta using both the old-fashioned-method, where it's a
by-product of other cheesemaking and you don't get a very high yield,
because you've already made mozarella (or whatever) with that milk,
and the new method, which is higher-yield, because all you get from
your milk is ricotta and whey. It almost sounds, from your
description above, that you're describing some kind of fusion of the
two methods, and I'm wondering if this is really how your Uncle Tony
made ricotta. Of course, he was there and I wasn't, but my experience
has been:
You bring milk to a given temperature and hold it for a while,
basically to pasteurize/semi-sterilize, it, and then you may or may
not want to innoculate the milk with a bacterial starter, like
yogurt, buttermilk, or any of several others. At some point you add
rennet or another coagulant, draw the whey off the curds and use them
to make cheese. Once you have whey, you don't have to add any
additional coagulants. You then take the whey and bring it back to a
simmer or a low boil, at which point the remaining proteins begin to
coagulate further into a slightly foamy raft of white curds (this is
the second cooking -- re cocta -- from which "ricotta" takes its
name). You skim these off the top and wait while more curds form on
top, and skim them off again, until no more foam arises. The stuff
you skimmed off and collected in a bowl or pot, is ricotta.
The more modern method involves adding rennet (and maybe a starter)
to milk, and getting tiny, soft curds. It's close enough to the other
stuff, and you get more of them, but no other cheese (I don't know,
maybe you can boil the whey as in the method above). It's also faster.
> I flipped open my copy of "Pomp and Sustenance," and found a photo
> of a dried, salted ricotta turned onto a plate. It held the shape
> of the cheese-making basket beside it. And I realized I was looking
> at a cheese like Uncle Tony used to make.
>
> I found this interesting quote about ricotta from a Clifford Wright
> essay:
>
> "Two of the earliest mentions or depictions of ricotta are
> related to Sicily. Professor Santi Correnti, chairman of the
> history department of the University of Catania and a preeminent
> historian of Sicily, writes that during the reign of the Sicilian
> king Frederick II, in the early thirteenth century, the king and
> his hunting party came across the hut of a dairy farmer making
> ricotta and, being ravenous, asked for some. Frederick pulled out
> his bread loaf, poured the hot ricotta and whey on top and advised
> his retinue that cu' non mancia ccu' so' cucchiaru lassa tutto 'o
> zammataru (Those who don't eat with a spoon will leave all their
> ricotta behind)."
>
> Now I want to make ricotta salata. Off to research where to find a
> local purveyor of whey ...
>
> Gianotta
I suspect you might have an easier time finding a purveyor of
milk... ;-)
Adamantius
Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2006 17:48:49 -0400
From: "Barbara Benson" <voxeight at gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Re: Thoughts on cheesemaking
To: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at ansteorra.org>
> Confusion here- when I make Paneer (i.e. fresh cheese from hot milk and
> lemon juice) the resultant liquid is pretty clear- not much in the way of
> solids to make ricotta (or any other sort of "2nd Use" cheese..)
> Have I omitted or included a step some where in the process?
> Pyro
Different cheeses have different yields. Fresh cheeses are very loose
and pretty much condense the vast majority of fats and protiens out of
the milk. You get much more, "milkyer" whey the harder the cheese you
are making. Mozzerella leaves a fair to middlin whey, but your best
wheys are by-products of the making of hard cheeses.
You would have to make a huge amount of Paneer to accumulate enough
whey to make ricotta worthwhile.
Serena da Riva
Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2006 15:33:38 -0700 (PDT)
From: Kathleen Madsen <kmadsen12000 at yahoo.com>
Subject: [Sca-cooks] Re: Thoughts on Cheesemaking (LONG)
To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org
Ricotta is typically made from the whey byproduct of
making another cheese, and the whey needs to be no
more than 3 hours old. Any older and the protein
structure begins to break down and lactic acid
formation is too progressed to give you good curd
formation. The typical curd formation for ricotta is
very fine and delicate.
There are three ways to make ricotta:
1) from whey produced by a cheese that began with a
minimum of two gallons of milk (any less and it's not
worth the time as you'll get so little curd).
2) from whey produced by a cheese that began with a
minimum of two gallons of milk and then is fortified
with additional whole milk or cream for a higher
yield.
3) from whole milk and citric acid.
Rennet is not used in ricotta as the type of curd
formation that you are trying to attain is not the
jellied mass that you are typically try for with other
cheeses. An acid coagulant is used instead; i.e.
vinegar, lemon juice, wine, fig juice, citric acid,
cardoon stamen tea, etc. This pulls the protein
structure together in grainy clumps rather than what
rennet does, which jells the protein, fats, and other
solids together and keeps moisture trapped inside as
well. The only way to get the extra moisture out is
by cutting (each cut edge expresses whey) or by
increasing the heat (which pulls the mass together
into a tighter and tighter clump expressing whey out
at the edges); these two methods are usually used
together depending on what kind of cheese you are
making.
Ricotta cheese was traditionally made with sheep milk
as that was the primary milking animal of the
mediterranean during period. Goat's were used as well
but not as extensively, cow's are late period. This
recipe can be made with any kind of milk but the
flavor, yeild, and consistancy will be different as
the chemical composition of the milks are very
different from each other. Sheep is higher in fats
and will give you a higher yield, goat's production is
much lower and unless you have your own animals it's
hard to find good quality milk - plus, the milk is
typically mishandled giving it that strong
goaty/capric flavor note.
I'm going to give you three recipes that would all
work to make ricotta salata,;one beginning with whey,
one beginning with milk, and one for Ricotta Salata
specifically. These recipes can both be found in
"Home Cheesemaking" by Ricki Carroll, a great book for
the beginning cheesemaker as it gives you recipes
based on time not on looks and pH values. A good
website to check out is http://www.cheesemaking.com/ ,
which is Ricki's online store. If you are planning on
getting into any more advanced cheesemaking I would
recommend a couple of different sites as you can get
these products much cheaper in bulk and (in some
cases) some products only by importing.
Whey Ricotta (the period way but the starter culture
would not have been used)
Ingredients:
2 gallons of fresh whey no more than 3 hours old
1 quart whole milk, for increased yield (optional)
1/4 cup cider vinegar or other acid
4 ounces prepared mesophilic starter, to improve
flavor (optional)
1/2 teaspoon Cheese salt or Kosher salt (optional)
Herbs (optional)
2 tablespoons light or heavy cream (optional)
Directions:
Pour the whey into a large pot. Add the milk, if
desired. Heat the mixture to 200 deg. F. (From my
experience you need to continually stir your milk or
whey once it reaches 120 deg. F otherwise it will
scorch the bottom of your pot, add a burned flavor,
and discolor your final product) While stirring, turn
off the heat and add the vinegar/acid. You will
notice tiny white particles of precipitated albuminous
protein. Carefully ladle the curds into a colander
lined with butter muslin or other tightly woven
fabric, the colander should be placed in the sink
prior to ladelling anything otherwise you'll have hot
whey everywhere. Allow it to drain. If desired, fold
in the mesophilic starter. When the muslin is cool
enough to handle, tie the corners into a knot and hang
the bag over the sink or a pot to drain for several
hours. When the cheese stops draining, untie the
muslin and place the cheese in a bowl. Add the salt
and the herbs, if desired. For a richer, moister
cheese, add a small amount of cream and stir. Cover
the bowl and refrigerate for up to 1 week.
Yield: 1-2 cups
Whole-milk Ricotta (the modern way for a higher yield)
Ingredients:
1 gallon whole milk
1 teaspoon citric acid
1 teaspoon Cheese salt or Kosher salt
1-2 tablespoons heavy cream (optional)
Directions:
Combine the milk, citric acid, and salt and mix
thoroughly. In a large pot, directly heat the milk to
185 - 195 deg. F (do not boil). Once the temperature
is over 120 deg. F you need to stir constantly so that
it does not scorch. As soon as the curds and whey
separate completely (don't leave the whey milky
because that means there are still solids suspended
that could become curd), turn off the heat. Allow to
set undisturbed for 10 minutes. Line a colander with
butter muslin or other finely woven cloth and place
the colander in the sink. Carefully ladle the curds
into the colander. Tie the corners of the muslin into
a knot and hang the bag to drain for 20-30 minutes or
until the cheese has reached the desired consistency.
The cheese is ready to eat immediately. Store in a
covered container in the refrigerator for 1-2 weeks.
Yield: 1.5 - 2 pounds
Ricotta Salata