DYKIP-Sweets-art - 6/11/09 ਀ഊ"Did You Know its Period? Part 3: Satisfying Your Sweet Tooth" by HL Rowan Houndskeeper. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: easy-p-recip-msg, rice-pudding-msg, Sugarplat-Adv-art, fruit-pies-msg, gingerbread-msg, snow-msg, jellied-milk-msg, cookies-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 眀愀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀琀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 漀爀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 眀椀氀氀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 最椀瘀攀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀 琀礀瀀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 挀栀攀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀椀爀猀琀 漀爀 挀栀攀挀欀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀ⰀഊMark S. Harris...AKA:..Stefan li Rous ਀猀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊThis article was first published in "The Barge", the newsletter of the Barony of Three Rivers, Calontir. ਀ഊDid You Know its Period? ਀倀愀爀琀 䤀䤀䤀㨀 匀愀琀椀猀昀礀椀渀最 夀漀甀爀 匀眀攀攀琀 吀漀漀琀栀ഊby HL Rowan Houndskeeper ਀ഊThe end of an old year and the start of a new one brings the holidays and their emphasis on celebration, social gatherings, and the inevitable holiday dessert table. In period they liked their calorie-laden sweets just as much as we do today. In fact, according to the 1542 book Dyetary of Helth, "All meates and drinkes the which is swete and that sugar is in, be nutrytyve [nuitritive]" (as quoted in To the Queen's Taste). Various types of candies, puddings, and pies were prevalent throughout all of the times and cultures we recreate, and numerous recipes exist in the period cookbooks. They had cookies and cakes, too, but they were not quite what we are used to today. ਀ഊThe biggest thing to remember about medieval desserts is that they did not have either baking soda or baking powder. Instead, the leavening agent that allowed cakes and cookies to rise was yeast. Honey was a common sweetener, but sugar from cane sugar was also available in Europe, brought back from the Middle East after the Crusades. Here are some surprisingly modern medieval and renaissance desserts to add to your next holiday table. ਀ഊSUGAR PLATE = ROCK CANDY ਀吀愀欀攀 愀 氀戀⸀ 漀昀 昀愀礀爀 挀氀愀爀攀昀礀搀攀 猀甀最攀爀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀 愀 瀀愀渀渀攀 愀渀搀 猀攀琀琀攀 椀琀 漀渀 愀 昀甀爀渀攀礀猀Ⰰ ☀ 最愀爀 椀琀 猀攀琀栀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀甀渀琀礀渀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀 䄀瘀攀 䴀愀爀椀愀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀氀 攀瘀攀爀洀漀爀攀 猀琀攀爀礀渀最 眀礀琀栀 愀 猀瀀愀琀甀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀琀琀攀 椀琀 漀昀 愀最攀礀渀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 氀愀琀 椀琀 渀漀最栀琀 眀愀砀 漀瘀攀爀 猀琀礀昀攀 昀漀爀 挀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 瀀漀眀爀礀渀最攀⸀ 䄀渀搀 氀漀欀攀 琀栀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 爀攀搀礀 戀攀昀漀爀渀攀 愀 昀愀椀爀 氀椀琀攀氀 洀愀爀戀椀氀氀 猀琀漀渀攀 愀渀搀 愀 氀椀琀攀氀氀 昀氀漀甀爀 漀昀 爀礀猀攀 椀渀 愀 戀愀最最攀Ⰰ 猀栀愀欀礀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀戀椀氀氀 猀琀漀渀攀 琀椀氀氀 椀琀 戀攀 漀瘀攀爀栀椀氀氀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀愀渀 瀀漀眀爀攀 琀栀椀 猀甀最攀爀 琀栀攀爀漀渀 愀猀 琀栀椀渀 愀猀 椀琀 洀愀礀 爀攀渀渀攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀栀椀渀渀渀攀爀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀琀攀渀 琀栀攀 昀愀椀爀攀爀 椀琀 椀猀⸀ 䤀昀 琀栀漀甀 眀椀氀氀琀Ⰰ 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀爀椀渀 愀渀礀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 昀氀漀甀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 琀漀 猀愀礀 爀漀猀攀猀 氀攀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 瘀椀漀氀攀琀 氀攀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 最椀氀漀昀爀攀 氀攀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀氀漀甀爀 氀攀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 欀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 眀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀最攀爀 挀漀洀攀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 昀爀漀 琀栀攀 昀礀爀攀⸀ 䄀渀搀 椀昀 琀栀漀甀 眀椀氀琀 洀愀欀 昀礀渀攀 猀甀最攀爀 瀀氀愀琀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀爀琀漀 愀琀琀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 猀攀琀栀礀渀最 椀椀 甀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 爀漀猀攀 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀昀 礀攀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 爀攀搀攀 瀀氀愀琀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀爀琀漀 椀 甀渀挀攀 漀昀 昀椀渀攀 琀漀甀爀渀攀猀漀氀攀 挀氀攀渀攀 眀愀猀挀栀攀渀 愀琀 琀栀攀 昀礀爀猀琀 猀攀琀栀礀渀最⸀ഊ - Curye on Inglysch (14th c. English) ਀ഊTranslation ਀吀愀欀攀 愀 瀀漀甀渀搀 漀昀 昀愀椀爀 挀氀愀爀椀昀椀攀搀 猀甀最愀爀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀琀漀 愀 瀀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀琀 椀琀 漀渀 愀 昀氀愀洀攀 愀渀搀 氀攀琀 椀琀 戀漀椀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 椀琀 琀愀欀攀猀 琀漀 猀愀礀 愀渀 䄀瘀攀 䴀愀爀椀愀 瀀爀愀礀攀爀 眀栀椀氀攀 猀琀椀爀爀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀瀀愀琀甀氀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀琀 椀琀 漀昀昀 ⠀琀栀攀 昀椀爀攀⤀ 愀最愀椀渀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 搀漀渀✀琀 氀攀琀 椀琀 最攀琀 琀漀漀 猀琀椀昀昀 昀漀爀 瀀漀甀爀椀渀最⸀  䄀渀搀 氀漀漀欀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 爀攀愀搀礀 戀攀昀漀爀攀栀愀渀搀 愀 昀愀椀爀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 洀愀爀戀氀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 愀渀搀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 爀椀挀攀 昀氀漀甀爀 椀渀 愀 戀愀最Ⰰ 猀栀愀欀椀渀最 嬀琀栀攀 爀椀挀攀 昀氀漀甀爀崀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀戀氀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 琀椀氀氀 椀琀 椀猀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 瀀漀甀爀 琀栀攀 猀甀最愀爀 琀栀攀爀攀漀渀 愀猀 琀栀椀渀 愀猀 椀琀 洀愀礀 爀甀渀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀栀椀渀渀攀爀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀琀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 昀愀椀爀攀爀 椀琀 椀猀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 眀椀猀栀Ⰰ 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀椀渀 愀渀礀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 昀氀漀眀攀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 爀漀猀攀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀Ⰰ 瘀椀漀氀攀琀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀Ⰰ 最椀氀氀礀昀氀漀眀攀爀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀氀漀眀攀爀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀Ⰰ 挀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀最愀爀 昀椀爀猀琀 挀漀洀攀猀 漀昀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀攀 嬀愀渀搀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 瀀漀甀爀椀渀最崀⸀  䄀渀搀 椀昀 礀漀甀 眀椀猀栀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 昀椀渀攀 猀甀最愀爀 瀀氀愀琀攀Ⰰ 愀琀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 戀漀椀氀 瀀甀琀 椀渀 ㈀ 漀甀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 爀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀昀 礀漀甀 眀椀猀栀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 爀攀搀 瀀氀愀琀攀 瀀甀琀 椀渀 ㄀ 漀甀渀挀攀 漀昀 昀椀渀攀 琀漀甀爀渀攀猀漀氀攀Ⰰ 挀氀攀愀渀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀栀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀搀搀 椀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 戀漀椀氀⸀ഊ ਀刀攀搀愀挀琀椀漀渀ഊ2 c. Sugar (Sugar Cane sugar, not Beet sugar) ਀㄀⼀㌀ 挀⸀ 圀愀琀攀爀ഊ1/3 c. Rosewater ਀刀椀挀攀 昀氀漀甀爀 漀爀 漀椀氀ഊFood coloring (Optional) ਀䐀椀挀攀搀 昀氀漀眀攀爀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀 ⠀伀瀀琀椀漀渀愀氀⤀ഊ ਀倀氀愀挀攀 爀椀挀攀 昀氀漀甀爀 椀渀 愀 琀栀椀渀 洀甀猀氀椀渀 挀氀漀琀栀 戀愀最 愀渀搀 猀栀愀欀攀 愀 琀栀椀渀 氀愀礀攀爀 漀昀 爀椀挀攀 昀氀漀甀爀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 洀愀爀戀氀攀 挀愀渀搀礀 猀氀愀戀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 搀漀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 洀愀爀戀氀攀 挀愀渀搀礀 猀氀愀戀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀氀礀 漀椀氀 愀 挀漀漀欀椀攀 猀栀攀攀琀⸀ ഊ ਀䌀漀洀戀椀渀攀 猀甀最愀爀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀 椀渀 愀 猀愀甀挀攀瀀愀渀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀挀攀 漀渀 栀椀最栀攀猀琀 栀攀愀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀琀椀爀 眀椀琀栀 眀漀漀搀攀渀 猀瀀漀漀渀 䨀唀匀吀 甀渀琀椀氀 猀甀最愀爀 椀猀 搀椀猀猀漀氀瘀攀搀⸀  倀甀琀 椀渀 愀 挀愀渀搀礀 琀栀攀爀洀漀洀攀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 挀漀漀欀 琀漀 栀愀爀搀ⴀ挀爀愀挀欀 猀琀愀最攀 ⠀㌀㄀　 搀攀最爀攀攀猀⤀⸀  䈀爀甀猀栀 搀漀眀渀 猀椀搀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀氀搀 眀攀琀 瀀愀猀琀爀礀 戀爀甀猀栀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䐀伀 一伀吀 匀吀䤀刀 猀甀最愀爀 愀昀琀攀爀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 搀椀猀猀漀氀瘀攀搀 漀爀 椀琀 眀椀氀氀 挀愀甀猀攀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀 猀甀最愀爀礀 洀攀猀猀⸀ ഊ ਀䄀琀 栀愀爀搀 挀爀愀挀欀 猀琀愀最攀 琀甀爀渀 漀昀昀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀琀 愀渀搀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 猀琀椀爀 椀渀 昀漀漀搀 挀漀氀漀爀椀渀最 ⠀椀昀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⤀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀最攀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 猀琀椀爀 椀渀 昀氀漀眀攀爀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀 椀昀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀ 䐀椀瀀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀渀 椀渀 挀漀漀氀 眀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀氀氀漀眀 猀甀最愀爀 琀漀 猀琀愀渀搀 樀甀猀琀 氀漀渀最 攀渀漀甀最栀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀甀戀戀氀攀猀 琀漀 搀椀猀愀瀀瀀攀愀爀⸀  倀漀甀爀 漀甀琀 漀渀琀漀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀搀 猀氀愀戀 漀爀 挀漀漀欀椀攀 猀栀攀攀琀 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 昀漀爀洀猀 戀爀漀愀搀 琀栀椀渀 搀椀猀欀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀攀琀 挀漀漀氀 甀渀琀椀氀 戀爀椀琀琀氀攀⸀  匀琀漀爀攀 椀渀 愀渀 愀椀爀 琀椀最栀琀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀倀攀爀椀漀搀 匀甀最愀爀 倀氀愀琀攀 椀猀 渀攀愀爀氀礀 椀搀攀渀琀椀挀愀氀 琀漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀氀攀愀爀 栀愀爀搀 挀愀渀搀椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 爀漀挀欀 挀愀渀搀礀 愀渀搀 氀漀氀氀椀瀀漀瀀猀⸀  吀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀搀愀挀琀攀搀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 愀渀搀 愀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 椀渀 吀栀攀 䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 圀椀氀琀漀渀 䈀漀漀欀 漀昀 䌀愀渀搀礀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀椀渀最 椀猀 爀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 猀甀戀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 栀愀氀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀Ⰰ 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 漀昀 愀渀 漀椀氀 戀愀猀攀搀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀椀渀最 猀琀椀爀爀攀搀 椀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀漀漀搀 挀漀氀漀爀椀渀最⸀  䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀搀愀挀琀椀漀渀 挀愀氀氀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀欀椀渀最 ∀瀀氀愀琀攀猀∀ 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 愀氀猀漀 瀀漀甀爀 椀琀 椀渀琀漀 愀 昀漀爀洀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 栀愀爀搀 挀愀渀搀椀攀猀 漀爀 ∀猀琀愀椀渀攀搀 最氀愀猀猀∀Ⰰ 漀爀 戀爀攀愀欀 椀琀 甀瀀 琀漀 昀漀爀洀 猀氀椀瘀攀爀猀 漀昀 猀甀最愀爀 最氀愀猀猀 ⠀爀漀挀欀 挀愀渀搀礀⤀⸀ ഊ ਀䄀搀搀椀渀最 昀氀漀眀攀爀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀Ⰰ 挀愀渀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 攀昀昀攀挀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀昀 礀漀甀 挀栀漀漀猀攀 琀漀 愀搀搀 昀氀漀眀攀爀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀 戀攀 猀甀爀攀 琀漀 甀猀攀 漀渀氀礀 漀爀最愀渀椀挀Ⰰ 攀搀椀戀氀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 昀氀漀眀攀爀 瀀攀琀愀氀猀 ⴀ 愀渀搀 洀愀欀攀 猀甀爀攀 琀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 戀攀攀渀 攀砀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀漀 愀渀礀 瀀攀猀琀椀挀椀搀攀猀⸀  ഊ ਀刀䤀䌀䔀 倀唀䐀䐀䤀一䜀ഊRice Puddings. Take halfe a pound of Rice, and steep it in new Milk the whole night, and in the morning drain it, and let the Milk drop away, and take a quart of the best, sweetest, and thickest Cream, and put the Rice into it, and boyl it a little. Then set it to cool an hour or two, and after put in the yolkes of half a dozen eggs, a little Pepper, Cloves, Mace, Currants, Dates, Sugar, and Salt, and having mixt them well together, put in a grat store of Beef suet well beaten, and small shred, and so put it into the farms, and boyl them as before shewed, and serve them after a day old. ਀    ⴀ  吀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 䠀漀甀猀ⴀ眀椀昀攀 ⠀㄀㘀㠀㌀Ⰰ 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀⤀ഊ ਀吀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀㨀ഊIt's Post-Elizabethan English, London dialect - I shouldn't need to translate it for anyone ☺ ਀ഊRedaction ਀㘀 挀⸀ 䴀椀氀欀ഊ1 c. White rice (not instant rice) ਀㄀⼀㈀ 挀⸀ 匀甀最愀爀ഊ1 c. Heavy cream ਀㄀⼀㐀 琀猀瀀 匀愀氀琀ഊ2 Tbsp Butter ਀㄀⼀㠀 琀猀瀀 䌀氀漀瘀攀猀ഊ1/8 tsp Mace ਀㄀⼀㐀 挀⸀ 䌀甀爀爀愀渀琀猀 ⠀漀爀 爀愀椀猀椀渀猀⤀ഊ1/4 c. Minced dates ਀ഊMix fruit and spices together well and set aside. Add to a large pot the milk, rice, sugar, butter and salt. Bring to a gentle boil over medium heat, stirring frequently. Reduce heat, cover pot, and allow to simmer for ~45 mins or until rice is tender, stirring occasionally. Drain off excess milk. Add cream, bring to a boil, and then immediately remove from heat. Refrigerate until chilled. Fold fruit and spice mix into the pudding so that it is evenly distributed. Serve either warm or cold. To serve warm, simmer the pudding over gentle heat until warm. ਀ഊRice was an imported grain in England, and thus a luxury item listed in household accounts along with such items as spices. The "farms" or forms (molds) mentioned in the recipe allowed the puddings to be cooked, stored, and served in a single container. Alternatively, it is possible that the puddings were removed from the form for serving much the same way we use Jello molds today. ਀ഊThis recipe for rice pudding is actually from an out of period edition (1683) of the English Housewife (originally printed in 1615). It is a fancier dish than both many modern and earlier-period versions of rice pudding that I have seen. I've included a couple of other earlier period recipes here (below) for you to redact yourself. ਀ഊI have omitted the eggs and pepper in the above redaction, making it closer to most modern rice pudding recipes, but it is also good with them, if a bit different to modern tastes. Beef suet is found in many period recipes, and most modern redactions substitute lard or butter (as was done here). But you can buy beef suet at a butcher's shop and process it in your food processor to get the "well beaten" consistency required by the recipe if you want. ਀ഊTwo Earlier-Period Versions of Rice Pudding ਀刀礀猀⸀ 吀愀欀攀 愀 瀀漀爀挀礀漀甀渀 漀昀 刀礀猀Ⰰ ☀ 瀀礀欀攀 栀攀洀 挀氀攀渀攀Ⰰ ☀ 猀攀琀栀攀 栀攀洀 眀攀氀氀攀Ⰰ ☀ 氀愀琀攀 栀攀洀 欀攀氀攀㬀 ︀攀渀 琀愀欀攀 最漀搀攀 䴀礀氀欀攀 漀昀 䄀氀洀愀甀渀搀礀猀 ☀ 搀漀 ︀攀爀ⴀ琀漀Ⰰ ☀ 猀攀︀攀 ☀ 猀琀攀爀攀 栀攀洀 眀礀氀㬀 ☀ 搀漀 ︀攀爀ⴀ琀漀 匀甀最爀攀 愀渀 栀漀渀礀Ⰰ ☀ 猀攀爀甀攀 昀⸀ ഊ - Two Fifteenth Century Cook Books (15th c. English) ਀ഊTranslation ਀刀椀挀攀⸀ 吀愀欀攀 愀 瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 爀椀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀椀挀欀 椀琀 挀氀攀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀漀椀氀 椀琀 眀攀氀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀攀琀 椀琀 挀漀漀氀㬀 琀栀攀渀 琀愀欀攀 最漀漀搀 愀氀洀漀渀搀 洀椀氀欀 愀渀搀 搀漀 嬀愀搀搀 椀琀崀 琀栀攀爀攀琀漀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀漀椀氀 嬀椀琀崀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀琀椀爀 椀琀 眀攀氀氀㬀 愀渀搀 搀漀 嬀愀搀搀崀 琀栀攀爀攀琀漀 猀甀最愀爀 愀渀搀 栀漀渀攀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀爀瘀攀 椀琀 昀漀爀琀栀⸀ ഊ ਀刀礀猀攀 漀昀 昀椀猀挀栀攀 搀愀礀攀⸀ 䈀氀愀甀渀挀栀攀 愀氀洀愀甀渀搀攀猀 ☀ 最爀礀渀搀攀 栀攀洀Ⰰ ☀ 搀爀愀眀攀 栀攀洀 瘀瀀 眀礀琀 眀愀琀甀爀⸀ 圀攀猀挀栀攀 ︀椀 爀礀猀攀 挀氀攀渀攀Ⰰ ☀ 搀漀 ︀攀爀琀漀 猀甀最甀爀 爀漀挀栀攀 愀渀搀 猀愀氀琀㨀 氀攀琀 栀礀琀 戀攀 猀琀漀渀搀礀渀最⸀ 䘀爀礀攀 愀氀洀愀甀渀搀攀猀 戀爀漀眀渀攀Ⰰ ☀ 昀氀漀爀椀挀栀攀 栀礀琀 ︀攀爀眀礀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀礀琀 猀甀最甀爀⸀ഊ- Curye on Inglysch (14th c. English) ਀ഊTranslation ਀刀椀挀攀 漀昀 䘀椀猀栀 䐀愀礀⸀  䈀氀愀渀挀栀 愀氀洀漀渀搀猀 愀渀搀 最爀椀渀搀 琀栀攀洀 愀渀搀 搀爀愀眀 琀栀攀洀 甀瀀 眀椀琀栀 眀愀琀攀爀 嬀䴀愀欀攀 愀氀洀漀渀搀 洀椀氀欀崀⸀  圀愀猀栀 礀漀甀爀 爀椀挀攀 挀氀攀愀渀 愀渀搀 搀漀 嬀愀搀搀崀 琀栀攀爀攀琀漀 猀甀最愀爀Ⰰ 爀漀挀栀攀 嬀琀栀攀 愀氀洀漀渀搀 洀椀氀欀崀 愀渀搀 猀愀氀琀㨀 氀攀琀 椀琀 猀琀愀渀搀⸀  䘀爀礀 愀氀洀漀渀搀猀 戀爀漀眀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀氀漀甀爀椀猀栀 嬀猀瀀爀椀渀欀氀攀崀 椀琀 琀栀攀爀攀眀椀琀栀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀最愀爀⸀ഊ ਀ഊTARTYS IN APPLIS = APPLE PIE ਀吀愀欀 最漀搀攀 愀瀀瀀氀礀猀 ☀ 最漀搀攀 猀瀀礀挀椀猀 ☀ 昀椀最礀猀 ☀ 爀攀礀猀漀渀猀 ☀ 瀀攀爀礀猀Ⰰ ☀ 眀愀渀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀渀 眀攀氀 礀戀爀愀礀搀 挀漀氀漀甀爀 眀礀琀栀 猀愀昀爀漀甀渀 眀攀氀 ☀ 搀漀 礀琀 椀渀 愀 挀漀昀礀渀Ⰰ ☀ 搀漀 礀琀 昀漀爀琀栀 琀漀 戀愀欀攀 眀攀氀⸀ഊ - Curye on Inglysch (14th c. English) ਀ഊTranslation ਀吀愀欀攀 最漀漀搀 愀瀀瀀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 最漀漀搀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀椀最猀 愀渀搀 爀愀椀猀椀渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 眀攀氀氀 戀爀愀礀攀搀 嬀最爀漀甀渀搀Ⰰ 洀椀砀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀甀猀栀攀搀崀 挀漀氀漀爀 眀椀琀栀 猀愀昀昀爀漀渀 眀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 椀渀 愀 挀漀昀昀椀渀 嬀瀀椀攀 眀椀琀栀 戀漀琀栀 琀漀瀀 愀渀搀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 挀爀甀猀琀猀崀 愀渀搀 搀漀 椀琀 昀漀爀琀栀 琀漀 戀愀欀攀 眀攀氀氀⸀ഊ ਀刀攀搀愀挀琀椀漀渀ഊ3 Apples ਀㈀ 倀攀愀爀猀ഊ1/2 c. Figs, chopped ਀㄀⼀㈀ 挀⸀ 䌀甀爀爀愀渀琀猀 漀爀 爀愀椀猀椀渀猀ഊ1/4 c. Sugar ਀㄀⼀㐀 挀⸀ 䈀爀漀眀渀 猀甀最愀爀ഊ1/4 tsp Each of nutmeg, mace, salt ਀㄀⼀㠀 琀猀瀀 䜀爀漀甀渀搀 挀氀漀瘀攀猀ഊ1/8 tsp Coarsely ground pepper ਀㄀⼀㠀 琀猀瀀 䐀爀椀攀搀 漀爀愀渀最攀 瀀攀攀氀 ⠀漀爀 昀爀攀猀栀 漀爀愀渀最攀 稀攀猀琀⤀ഊ1 to 1-1/2 tsp Cinnamon ਀㄀ 倀椀攀 猀栀攀氀氀 漀爀 琀愀爀琀 猀栀攀氀氀猀 ⠀猀攀攀 戀攀氀漀眀⤀ഊ ਀倀爀攀栀攀愀琀 漀瘀攀渀 琀漀 ㌀㜀㔀 搀攀最爀攀攀猀 ⸀ 倀攀攀氀 愀渀搀 挀漀爀攀 愀瀀瀀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀攀愀爀猀 愀渀搀 挀栀漀瀀 琀栀攀洀 猀洀愀氀氀 ⴀ 礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 琀栀攀 瀀椀攀挀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 縀㄀⼀㈀∀ 猀焀甀愀爀攀 漀爀 氀攀猀猀⸀ 䴀椀砀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀甀最愀爀 愀渀搀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀⸀ 䴀椀砀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 昀爀甀椀琀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 椀渀 愀 戀漀眀氀 眀椀琀栀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 栀愀氀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀最愀爀⼀猀瀀椀挀攀 洀椀砀⸀ 倀甀琀 愀 氀愀礀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀爀甀椀琀 洀椀砀 椀渀琀漀 愀 瀀椀攀 猀栀攀氀氀 ⠀爀攀挀椀瀀攀 戀攀氀漀眀⤀ 愀渀搀 猀瀀爀椀渀欀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀瘀攀搀 猀甀最愀爀⼀猀瀀椀挀攀 洀椀砀⸀ 刀攀瀀攀愀琀 氀愀礀攀爀椀渀最 昀爀甀椀琀 洀椀砀 愀渀搀 猀甀最愀爀⼀猀瀀椀挀攀 洀椀砀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 瀀椀攀 猀栀攀氀氀 椀猀 昀甀氀氀Ⰰ 攀渀搀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 猀甀最愀爀⼀猀瀀椀挀攀 洀椀砀 猀瀀爀椀渀欀氀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀⸀ 䈀愀欀攀 昀漀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 㐀㔀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 洀愀欀攀猀 愀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 氀愀爀最攀 瀀椀攀 ⠀㤀∀ⴀ㄀　∀⤀Ⰰ 漀爀 縀㈀　 琀愀爀琀氀攀琀猀 ⠀㈀∀⤀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀昀 洀愀欀椀渀最 琀愀爀琀猀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 戀愀欀椀渀最 琀椀洀攀 琀漀 縀㈀㔀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀椀攀 䐀漀甀最栀 刀攀挀椀瀀攀ഊ3 c. Flour ਀㌀⼀㐀 挀⸀ 䌀愀渀漀氀愀 漀爀 漀氀椀瘀攀 漀椀氀ഊ3/8 c. Ice water ਀ഊMix water and oil together, stirring briskly, and then add them to the flour, mixing together to form a dough. Split the dough in two, and roll each half separately between 2 floured wax papers. Do not freeze dough to roll out later, although you may roll it out and freeze it in the pie pan. Makes a top and bottom crust for a 9-inch pie. ਀ഊThis particular period apple pie recipe calls for pears and other fruits as well as apples, resulting in a more complex taste than the standard modern apple pie. There are in fact numerous period recipes for apple-pie-type desserts. Some are quite different to modern tastes, containing cheese, meats, or vegetables, while others are closer to the classic American dessert. In fact, my interest in redacting period recipes came from casually reading a translated (but not redacted) period German recipe and realizing "Hey, that sounds exactly like my grandma's recipe for applesauce pie!" ਀ഊTO MAKE SNOW = WHIPPED CREAM ਀吀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀 搀椀猀猀栀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 匀渀漀眀⸀ 吀愀欀攀 愀 瀀漀琀攀氀氀 漀昀 猀眀攀琀攀 琀栀椀挀欀攀 挀爀攀愀洀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 眀栀椀琀攀猀 漀昀 攀椀最栀琀 攀最最攀猀 ☀ 戀攀愀琀攀 琀栀攀洀 愀氀 琀漀最椀搀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀瀀漀渀攀 ⼀ 琀栀攀渀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 礀漀甀爀攀 挀爀攀愀洀攀 愀渀搀 愀 猀愀甀挀攀爀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 刀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀 搀椀猀猀栀攀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 匀甀最攀爀 眀椀琀栀 愀氀氀 ⼀ 琀栀愀渀 琀愀欀攀 愀 猀琀椀挀欀攀 ☀ 洀愀欀攀 椀琀 挀氀攀愀渀攀 ⼀ 愀渀搀 琀栀愀渀 挀甀琀琀攀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀攀 昀漀甀爀攀 猀焀甀愀爀攀 ⼀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀椀琀栀 栀攀愀琀攀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 愀昀漀爀攀猀愀礀搀攀 琀栀椀渀最攀猀 琀漀最椀琀栀攀爀 ⼀ ☀ 攀瘀攀爀 愀猀 椀琀 爀礀猀攀琀栀 琀愀欀攀 椀琀 漀昀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀琀漀 愀 䌀漀氀氀愀渀搀攀爀 ⼀ 琀栀椀猀 搀漀渀攀 ⼀ 琀愀欀攀 漀渀攀 愀瀀瀀氀攀 愀渀搀 猀攀琀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀礀搀搀攀猀 漀昀 椀琀 愀渀搀 愀 琀栀椀挀欀攀 戀甀猀猀栀攀 漀昀 刀漀猀攀洀愀爀礀 愀渀搀 猀攀琀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀搀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀琀攀爀 ⼀ 琀栀攀渀 挀愀猀琀 礀漀甀爀 匀渀漀眀 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 刀漀猀攀洀愀爀礀 ☀ 昀礀氀氀 礀漀甀爀 瀀氀愀琀琀攀爀 琀栀攀爀攀眀椀琀栀⸀ 䄀渀搀 椀昀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 眀愀昀攀爀猀 挀愀猀琀 猀漀洀攀 椀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀氀氀 愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀 猀攀爀甀攀 琀栀攀洀 昀漀爀琀栀⸀ ഊ- A Propre new booke of Cokery (15th c. English) ਀ഊTranslation ਀吀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀 搀椀猀栀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 匀渀漀眀⸀  吀愀欀攀 愀 瀀漀琀 漀昀 猀眀攀攀琀 琀栀椀挀欀 挀爀攀愀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 眀栀椀琀攀猀 漀昀 攀椀最栀琀 攀最最猀 ☀ 戀攀愀琀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀瀀漀漀渀 ⼀ 琀栀攀渀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀琀漀 礀漀甀爀 挀爀攀愀洀 愀渀搀 愀 猀愀甀挀攀爀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 刀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀 搀椀猀栀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 匀甀最愀爀 ⼀ 琀栀攀渀 琀愀欀攀 愀 挀氀攀愀渀 猀琀椀挀欀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 挀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 昀漀甀爀 猀焀甀愀爀攀 嬀洀愀欀攀 愀 眀栀椀猀欀崀⼀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀眀椀琀栀 栀攀愀琀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 愀昀漀爀攀猀愀椀搀 琀栀椀渀最猀 嬀挀爀攀愀洀Ⰰ 攀最最 眀栀椀琀攀猀Ⰰ 爀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 猀甀最愀爀崀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 嬀眀栀椀氀攀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 眀栀椀猀欀 琀漀 戀攀愀琀 椀琀崀 ☀ 攀瘀攀爀 愀猀 椀琀 爀椀猀攀猀 琀愀欀攀 椀昀 漀昀昀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀琀漀 愀 挀漀氀愀渀搀攀爀 ⼀ 琀栀椀猀 搀漀渀攀 ⼀ 琀愀欀攀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀氀攀 愀渀搀 猀攀琀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀猀琀 漀昀 椀琀 愀渀搀 愀 琀栀椀挀欀 戀甀猀栀 漀昀 刀漀猀攀洀愀爀礀 愀渀搀 猀攀琀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀搀氀攀 漀昀 愀 瀀氀愀琀琀攀爀 ⼀ 琀栀攀渀 挀愀猀琀 礀漀甀爀 匀渀漀眀 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 刀漀猀攀洀愀爀礀 ☀ 昀椀氀氀 礀漀甀爀 瀀氀愀琀琀攀爀 琀栀攀爀攀眀椀琀栀⸀ 䄀渀搀 椀昀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 眀愀昀攀爀猀 挀愀猀琀 琀栀攀洀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀搀最攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀 猀攀爀瘀攀 琀栀攀洀 昀漀爀琀栀⸀ ഊ ਀刀攀搀愀挀琀椀漀渀ഊTake a half gallon of cream, along with eight egg whites, 8 tsps rosewater, and 2c sugar as mentioned and place in a pot. Gently heat ingredients together while whisking or beating until you get a meringue or whipped cream consistency. Serve on a platter with an apple and rosemary branch in the center and wafers around the perimeter. ਀ഊ ਀ഊA Second Recipe for Snow ਀⠀㔀㔀⤀ 䄀椀渀 猀挀栀渀攀 稀切 洀愀挀栀攀渀ഊNitz ain milchram vnnd thú den jn den haffen/ vnnd nim ain klúxen vnd rier jn dúrchainander, bis es ain schne oben gewint/ vnnd bee ain semel vnnd legs jn ain schissel vnd see daraúff ain zúcker vnnd thú den schom aúff das brot, so jst es berait. ਀ऀⴀ 䐀愀猀 䬀甀挀栀戀甀挀栀 搀攀爀 匀愀戀椀渀愀 圀攀氀猀攀爀椀渀 ⠀㄀㔀㔀㌀ 䜀攀爀洀愀渀⤀ഊ ਀吀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀ഊ(55) To make a snow ਀吀愀欀攀 搀椀氀甀琀攀 挀爀攀愀洀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀 愀 瀀漀琀⸀ 䄀渀搀 琀愀欀攀 愀渀 攀最最戀攀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 猀琀椀爀 椀琀 琀栀漀爀漀甀最栀氀礀Ⰰ 甀渀琀椀氀 椀琀 昀漀爀洀猀 猀渀漀眀礀 昀漀愀洀 漀渀 琀漀瀀⸀ 䄀渀搀 琀漀愀猀琀 愀 匀攀洀洀攀氀 愀渀搀 氀愀礀 椀琀 椀渀 愀 戀漀眀氀 愀渀搀 猀瀀爀椀渀欀氀攀 猀甀最愀爀 漀瘀攀爀 椀琀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀愀洀 漀渀 琀栀攀 戀爀攀愀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 椀琀 椀猀 爀攀愀搀礀⸀ഊ ਀刀攀搀愀挀琀椀漀渀ഊTake a pint of half-and-half and whip it until fluffy. Place a warm glazed sweet roll on your platter and cover with the whipped cream. ਀ऀഊThe two period recipes presented here for "Snow" are fairly clear that this was meant as a sort of subtlety. In the simpler German recipe the whipped cream was served over a toasted and sugared Semmel [a mildly sweet bread roll] resulting in "snow" on a "hill" made of a hot, glazed sweet roll. The English recipe on the other hand indicates that it was served as a mound of whipped cream on a platter around an apple and a small rosemary plant to simulate a snow covered landscape complete with a "boulder" and "tree". In this recipe it was served with wafers for scooping up the whipped cream and eating with it. Most modern tastes (at least the adult ones) might find eating straight whipped cream a bit much, so you can stick to mounding it on your apple pie from the recipe above. ਀ऀഊReferences: ਀吀漀 吀栀攀 儀甀攀攀渀✀猀 吀愀猀琀攀㨀 䔀氀椀稀愀戀攀琀栀愀渀 昀攀愀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 愀搀愀瀀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 挀漀漀欀椀渀最⸀ 䰀漀爀渀愀 䨀 匀愀猀猀⸀  䴀攀琀爀漀瀀漀氀椀琀愀渀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 漀昀 䄀爀琀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㘀⸀ഊ ਀䌀甀爀礀攀 漀渀 䤀渀最氀椀猀栀㨀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 䌀甀氀椀渀愀爀礀 䴀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䘀漀甀爀琀攀攀渀琀栀ⴀ䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 ⠀䤀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䘀漀爀洀攀 漀昀 䌀甀爀礀⤀⸀ 䠀椀攀愀琀琀Ⰰ 䌀漀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀 䈀⸀ 愀渀搀 匀栀愀爀漀渀 䈀甀琀氀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 䔀愀爀氀礀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 吀攀砀琀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 戀礀 琀栀攀 伀砀昀漀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㔀⸀ ഊ ਀倀氀攀礀渀 䐀攀氀椀琀㨀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䌀漀漀欀攀爀礀 昀漀爀 䴀漀搀攀爀渀 䌀漀漀欀猀⸀  䌀䈀 䠀椀攀愀琀琀Ⰰ 䈀 䠀漀猀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀 䈀甀琀氀攀爀⸀ 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 吀漀爀漀渀琀漀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 圀椀氀琀漀渀 䈀漀漀欀 漀昀 䌀愀渀搀礀⸀ 䔀甀最攀渀攀 愀渀搀 䴀愀爀椀氀礀渀渀 匀甀氀氀椀瘀愀渀⸀ 圀椀氀琀漀渀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀 ㄀㤀㠀㄀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 䠀甀猀眀椀昀攀⸀ 㤀琀栀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䜀攀爀瘀愀猀攀 䴀愀爀欀栀愀洀Ⰰ ㄀㘀㠀㌀ ⠀漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 瀀爀椀渀琀椀渀最 椀渀 ㄀㘀㄀㔀⤀ 䀀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀欀愀琀爀漀眀戀攀爀搀⸀攀氀椀稀愀戀攀琀栀愀渀最攀攀欀⸀挀漀洀⼀琀攀砀琀猀⼀攀渀最氀椀猀栀ⴀ栀漀甀猀攀眀椀昀攀⼀⸀ഊ ਀吀眀漀 䘀椀昀琀攀攀渀琀栀ⴀ䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䌀漀漀欀攀爀礀ⴀ䈀漀漀欀猀⸀ 䠀愀爀氀攀椀愀渀 䴀匀⸀ ㈀㜀㤀 ☀ 䠀愀爀氀⸀ 䴀匀⸀ 㐀　㄀㘀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 䄀猀栀洀漀氀攀 䴀匀⸀ ㄀㐀㈀㤀Ⰰ 䰀愀甀搀 䴀匀⸀ 㔀㔀㌀Ⰰ ☀ 䐀漀甀挀攀 䴀匀 㔀㔀⸀ 䄀甀猀琀椀渀Ⰰ 吀栀漀洀愀猀⸀ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀㨀 昀漀爀 吀栀攀 䔀愀爀氀礀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 吀攀砀琀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 戀礀 一⸀ 吀爀ﰀ戀渀攀爀 ☀ 䌀漀⸀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㠀㠀⸀ ഊ ਀䄀 倀爀漀瀀爀攀 一攀眀 䈀漀漀欀攀 漀昀 䌀漀欀攀爀礀⸀ ㄀㔀㜀㔀⸀ 䄀⸀ 嘀攀愀氀攀 䀀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀挀漀漀欀攀爀礀⸀挀漀洀⼀渀漀琀攀猀⼀瀀渀戀漀挀㄀㔀㜀㔀⸀琀砀琀ഊ ਀䐀愀猀 䬀甀挀栀戀甀挀栀 搀攀爀 匀愀戀椀渀愀 圀攀氀猀攀爀椀渀攀⸀ ㄀㔀㔀㌀⸀  嘀⸀ 䄀爀洀猀琀爀漀渀最⸀ 䀀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀搀愀瘀椀搀搀昀爀椀攀搀洀愀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀⼀䌀漀漀欀戀漀漀欀猀⼀匀愀戀爀椀渀愀开圀攀氀猀攀爀椀渀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀䜀漀搀攀 䌀漀漀欀攀爀礀 眀攀戀猀椀琀攀 䀀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀最漀搀攀挀漀漀欀攀爀礀⸀挀漀洀⼀最漀搀攀戀漀欀攀⼀最漀搀攀戀漀欀攀⸀栀琀洀ഊ------ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 ㈀　　㤀 戀礀 吀攀爀攀猀愀 刀漀戀攀爀琀猀Ⰰ 㤀㤀　　 䨀甀渀椀瀀攀爀 䌀琀⸀ 匀琀 䰀漀甀椀猀 䴀伀 㘀㌀㄀㈀㌀⸀ 㰀琀欀爀漀戀攀爀琀猀 愀琀 琀漀愀猀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀⸀ 倀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 挀爀攀搀椀琀攀搀⸀  䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 渀漀琀椀昀椀攀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀昀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀猀 愀 挀漀瀀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀猀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀 攀洀愀椀氀 琀漀 洀礀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 琀爀愀挀欀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀愀渀欀猀⸀ ⴀ匀琀攀昀愀渀⸀ഊ ਀㰀琀栀攀 攀渀搀㸀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊEdited by Mark S. Harris DYKIP-Sweets-art Page 7 of 7 ਀ഊ