Fd-Service-MA-art - 9/19/09 ਀ഊ"Practical Foodservice in the Middle Ages" by THLady Avelyn Grene. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: fd-transport-msg, fst-disasters-msg, Fst-Managemnt-art, kitchen-clean-msg, kitchn-safety-msg, out-fst-safe-msg, cooks-clothng-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 眀愀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀琀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 漀爀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 眀椀氀氀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 最椀瘀攀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀 琀礀瀀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 挀栀攀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀椀爀猀琀 漀爀 挀栀攀挀欀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀ⰀഊMark S. Harris...AKA:..Stefan li Rous ਀猀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊNOTE: You can find more work by this author on her webpage at: http://www.greneboke.com ਀ഊPractical Foodservice in the Middle Ages ਀ഊby THLady Avelyn Grene, CW ਀ഊ ਀ഊA note on modern, quality foodservice: Quality foodservice includes a number of people (at different levels) doing a number of different tasks. General (good) foodservice in today's society includes at minimum a facility manager, assistant managers, head cooks or chefs, cooks, general food prep help, wait staff, and cleaning staff. Everyone has a specific job that they were trained to do, and all the pieces work together to make a whole. ਀ഊFood service in period (in a noble's house) worked much the same way but on a generally larger scale (depending on the situation). There are far more many dishes per course then. The "managers" were also responsible for keeping track of multiple operations spread across multiple buildings, including the dairy, brewhouses, and farm production. ਀ഊAn additional note: Personally I find it difficult to wrap my brain around the awesome production that went on in period kitchens. Many of us have modernly worked in foodservice, either professionally or in the SCA. Think about these experiences and take away the electricity, thermometers, and gas stoves, plus add a dairy, a brewhouse, and possibly another operation or two. ਀ഊHow period foodservice worked: ਀ഊHousehold operations were highly organized and routine oriented. There were a number of workers, and each had a job to do. Depending on the size of the house/rank of the lord, there were a number of organized operations that all supported each other. ਀ഊFoodservice can be broken down into a few major components: Money, management and staff, food, preparation, and service. ਀ഊMoney: ਀ഊ-Money truly does make the world go round, and this is a fact that still is and probably always will be the same. ਀ഊ-The office of exchequers was ultimately in charge of the whole operation. The physical office was generally located near the main gate of the house or castle in order to easily receive and record taxes and collections paid to the noble of the castle. This information was carefully logged and compiled daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly. ਀ഊ-Items bought with this money were carefully inspected upon arrival, and logged for any discrepancies. ਀ഊManagement and Staff ਀ഊ-Cofferer was ultimately in charge of all financial affairs in the household. He had a number of clerks working under him who were responsible for accounts, food purchasing, inventory, and kitchen oversight. ਀ഊ-General foodservice staff included the head/master cook, those in charge of the various food operations and their staff, and the various stations of wait staff. ਀ഊFood ਀ഊ-Houses contained many areas for food storage to keep food (especially through the winter months). ਀ഊ-Storage facilities were generally kept in cool dry basements for grains, butter, dried fish, etc. ਀ഊ-Non-perishables were bought at various times per year, these items included grains, spices, fuel, etc. ਀ഊ-Perishable items were bough fresh daily. The quality of these items were inspected upon arrival and returned if found unacceptable. These items might include meat, fresh fish, dairy, and produce. ਀ഊ-An inventory was kept updated at all times. ਀ഊ-Food and fuel was rationed out and recorded on a daily basis. ਀ഊPreparation ਀ഊHouse Layouts ਀ഊ-Manors and castles were architecturally designed to easily accommodate the flow of the daily activity in the house. Foodservice was the highest items of importance when considering the design of a manor. See Images A and B -Rooms/locations generally included the counting house, beer and wine cellars, fuel storage areas, a well, a larder, a bake house, brewhouse, boiling house, buttery, pantry, kitchens, dairies, and food storage areas. ਀ഊ ਀ഊ Image A Image B ਀ഊ-Layouts were in a systematic order, working, from kitchens to pantries to the hall or chambers. The bakehouses and brewhouses were located "behind" the kitchen, and depending on the century, were removed from the beginning. ਀ഊCounting House ਀ഊ-Main offices of the house including the exchequer offices. Management was able to control everything from these offices, as they were centrally located. ਀ഊBakehouse/Pastry ਀ഊ-These may have been one large room, or two separate rooms connected to each other ਀ഊ-Bread was made daily in the bake house ਀ഊ-Pies and pastries were made in the pastry and then cooked in the ovens, after the bread was baked. ਀ഊ-The ovens of the bake house were very specifically designed to accommodate a large amount of bread for the house. The base of these ovens was generally about 2-3 feet off the ground, allowing the baker to more easily tend to the oven. Fires were made inside the oven to heat it. They were removed and the ashes cleaned out when the oven was determined hot enough. See Image C -Bread yeast was generally acquired by either using the head of ales and beers from the brewhouse, or from a sourdough. ਀ഊ ਀䤀洀愀最攀 䌀⸀ഊ ਀䈀爀攀眀栀漀甀猀攀 ഊ ਀ⴀ䈀爀攀眀栀漀甀猀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 渀攀愀爀 琀栀攀 戀愀欀攀栀漀甀猀攀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ䠀攀愀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 戀爀攀愀搀 漀瘀攀渀猀 愀氀氀漀眀攀搀 琀栀攀 礀攀愀猀琀猀 琀漀 愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀攀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ夀攀愀猀琀猀 昀漀爀 戀爀攀眀猀 眀愀猀 爀攀挀礀挀氀攀搀 昀漀爀洀 漀渀攀 戀愀琀挀栀 琀漀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ匀漀洀攀 戀爀攀眀栀漀甀猀攀猀 栀愀搀 愀爀攀愀猀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 漀眀渀 洀愀氀琀 昀漀爀 戀爀攀眀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀 琀漀 最攀爀洀椀渀愀琀攀Ⰰ 搀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最爀椀渀搀 琀栀攀 最爀愀椀渀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ䴀攀愀琀 眀愀猀 栀甀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀甀琀 椀渀琀漀 洀攀猀猀攀猀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀攀 㐀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 ⠀愀戀漀甀琀 ㈀ 氀戀猀 漀昀 洀攀愀琀 攀愀挀栀⤀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ䘀愀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 挀漀漀欀椀渀最 漀爀 爀攀渀搀攀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 挀愀渀搀氀攀猀⸀ ഊ ਀䈀漀椀氀椀渀最 䠀漀甀猀攀 ഊ ਀ⴀ䈀漀椀氀椀渀最 栀漀甀猀攀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 琀栀攀 戀愀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 戀爀攀眀椀渀最 栀漀甀猀攀猀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ䴀攀猀猀攀猀 漀昀 洀攀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 戀漀椀氀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀漀欀攀搀⸀ ⠀吀栀椀猀 椀猀 眀愀猀 洀漀猀琀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 眀愀礀 漀昀 挀漀漀欀椀渀最 氀愀爀最攀 愀洀漀甀渀琀猀 漀昀 洀攀愀琀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ䐀爀椀攀搀 昀椀猀栀 眀愀猀 爀攀ⴀ栀礀搀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀椀氀椀渀最 栀漀甀猀攀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ䌀愀甀氀搀爀漀渀 昀甀爀渀愀挀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 昀甀攀氀攀搀 戀礀 眀漀漀搀⸀  ഊ ਀ⴀ䌀愀甀氀搀爀漀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 瘀攀爀礀 氀愀爀最攀 挀愀猀琀 瀀漀琀猀Ⰰ 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 挀漀瀀瀀攀爀 愀渀搀 氀攀愀搀⸀  匀漀洀攀 眀攀爀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 栀愀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 昀椀爀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀 氀愀爀最攀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 昀椀氀氀攀搀 愀渀搀 攀洀瀀琀椀攀搀 眀栀椀氀攀 猀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ䰀愀爀最攀 昀甀爀渀愀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 挀愀甀氀搀爀漀渀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 栀愀搀 愀 爀愀椀猀攀搀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀漀欀 琀漀 甀猀攀 琀漀 挀漀漀欀 琀栀攀 昀漀漀搀⸀ ഊ ਀䬀椀琀挀栀攀渀 ഊ ਀ⴀ吀栀攀 欀椀琀挀栀攀渀 琀漀漀欀 挀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀愀猀琀椀渀最 漀昀 洀攀愀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ刀漀愀猀琀椀渀最 昀椀爀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 栀攀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 挀栀愀爀挀漀愀氀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ䬀椀琀挀栀攀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 甀猀攀 漀昀 搀愀礀氀椀最栀琀 愀猀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀氀猀漀 甀猀攀搀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 挀愀渀搀氀攀猀 琀漀 氀椀最栀琀 琀栀攀 欀椀琀挀栀攀渀⸀ ഊ ਀䈀甀琀琀攀爀礀⼀倀愀渀琀爀礀 ഊ ਀ⴀ吀栀攀猀攀 愀爀攀 眀栀愀琀 眀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 琀漀 戀攀 猀琀愀最椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀 漀爀 眀愀椀琀ⴀ猀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ吀栀攀 瀀愀渀琀爀礀 栀攀氀搀 愀氀氀 瀀氀愀琀攀 眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 挀甀瀀戀漀愀爀搀猀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ䘀漀漀搀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 瀀愀猀猀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 戀甀琀琀攀爀礀 昀漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 猀琀愀昀昀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 眀愀氀欀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 爀漀漀洀猀⸀ ഊ ਀䜀爀攀愀琀 䠀愀氀氀 ഊ ਀ⴀ䴀漀猀琀 猀攀爀瘀愀渀琀猀⼀栀漀甀猀攀 眀漀爀欀攀爀猀 愀琀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀攀愀猀琀 栀愀氀氀 ⠀洀愀渀漀爀 挀愀昀攀琀攀爀椀愀⤀ ഊ ਀ⴀ吀栀攀 昀攀愀猀琀 栀愀氀氀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 最爀攀愀琀 昀攀愀猀琀猀 漀渀 栀漀氀椀搀愀礀猀 漀爀 搀愀礀猀 漀昀 挀攀氀攀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ吀栀攀 栀愀氀氀 眀愀猀 眀攀氀氀 氀攀琀 愀渀搀 愀琀琀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀愀瀀攀猀琀爀椀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 眀愀氀氀猀⸀ ഊ ਀倀爀椀瘀愀琀攀 䌀栀愀洀戀攀爀猀 ഊ ਀ⴀ䤀渀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀 洀椀搀搀氀攀 愀最攀猀 眀攀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀 氀漀爀搀猀 攀愀琀椀渀最 愀眀愀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀攀爀瘀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀眀渀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀 挀栀愀洀戀攀爀猀⸀  䄀 琀愀戀氀攀 椀猀 猀攀琀 甀瀀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀洀戀攀爀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 氀漀爀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀琀 漀昀 栀椀猀 昀愀洀椀氀礀⸀ ഊ ਀匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀ഊ ਀䠀漀甀猀攀 圀漀爀欀攀爀猀 ഊ ਀ⴀ䠀漀甀猀攀 眀漀爀欀攀爀猀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 洀攀愀氀猀 椀渀 愀 挀愀昀攀琀攀爀椀愀 猀琀礀氀攀Ⰰ 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀甀瀀攀爀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀猀 眀栀漀 搀椀猀栀攀搀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ ഊ ਀䰀漀爀搀猀 愀渀搀 䘀攀愀猀琀猀ഊ ਀ⴀ䘀攀愀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀 洀攀愀氀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀攀爀瘀攀搀 椀渀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 眀愀礀⸀  䴀愀渀礀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀攀 攀瘀攀渀 樀甀猀琀 愀 昀攀眀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀⸀  吀愀戀氀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 氀愀椀搀 漀甀琀 椀渀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 眀愀礀猀⸀  䜀甀攀猀琀猀 眀愀猀栀攀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 栀愀渀搀猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 攀愀琀椀渀最⸀  䘀漀漀搀 眀愀猀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 漀甀琀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀漀爀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 挀甀琀 昀漀爀 栀椀洀 椀渀琀漀 戀椀琀攀 猀椀稀攀搀 瀀椀攀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 氀愀椀搀 漀渀 愀 琀爀攀渀挀栀攀爀 猀漀 栀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 攀愀琀 椀琀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀猀 昀椀渀最攀爀猀⸀  吀栀攀猀攀 琀愀猀欀猀 眀攀爀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 戀礀 戀甀琀氀攀爀猀Ⰰ 甀猀栀攀爀猀Ⰰ 挀愀爀瘀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀栀愀洀戀攀爀氀愀椀渀猀⸀ ഊ ਀䠀攀愀氀琀栀 愀渀搀 匀愀渀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀ഊ ਀ⴀ䬀椀琀挀栀攀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀甀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 昀爀攀猀栀 眀愀琀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 氀漀挀愀氀 眀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 昀爀漀洀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 爀愀椀渀眀愀琀攀爀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ䬀椀琀挀栀攀渀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 瘀攀爀礀 漀昀琀攀渀 戀漀椀氀 琀栀攀椀爀 眀攀氀氀 眀愀琀攀爀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 椀琀 瀀漀琀愀戀氀攀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ吀栀攀猀攀 欀椀琀挀栀攀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 戀愀猀椀挀 瀀氀甀洀戀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀洀⸀  圀愀琀攀爀 眀愀猀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀瀀攀渀猀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 戀愀猀椀渀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 氀攀愀搀 瀀椀瀀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀爀愀椀渀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀椀渀猀 椀昀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ吀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 愀渀搀 猀愀渀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 瀀氀愀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀⸀ ഊ ਀ⴀ䴀攀愀琀 眀愀猀 攀渀猀甀爀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀漀欀攀搀 戀礀 戀漀椀氀椀渀最 椀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 爀漀愀猀琀椀渀最 椀琀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 昀椀爀攀 漀爀 戀愀欀椀渀最 椀琀⸀ ഊ ਀刀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 ഊ ਀䈀爀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀⸀  ∀䌀漀漀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䐀椀渀椀渀最 椀渀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀∀⸀  䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ ㈀　　㠀⸀ ഊ ਀䈀爀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 倀攀琀攀爀⸀  ∀䈀漀欀攀 漀昀 䬀攀爀甀礀渀最攀 ⠀戀礀 圀礀渀欀礀渀 搀攀 圀漀爀搀攀⤀∀⸀  䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ ㈀　　㌀⸀ഊ ਀䘀氀愀渀搀爀椀渀Ⰰ 䨀攀愀渀ⴀ䰀漀甀椀猀⸀  ∀䄀爀爀愀渀最椀渀最 琀栀攀 䴀攀愀氀㨀 䄀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 吀愀戀氀攀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 椀渀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀∀⸀  ㈀　　㜀⸀ഊ ਀匀挀甀氀氀礀Ⰰ 吀攀爀攀渀挀攀⸀  ∀吀栀攀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 䌀漀漀欀攀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀∀⸀ 圀漀漀搀戀爀椀搀最攀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㔀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 椀洀愀最攀猀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 瀀愀瀀攀爀 愀爀攀 昀爀漀洀 ∀䌀漀漀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䐀椀渀椀渀最 椀渀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀∀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊCopyright 2009 by Kristen Sullivan. . Permission is granted for republication in SCA-related publications, provided the author is credited. Addresses change, but a reasonable attempt should be made to ensure that the author is notified of the publication and if possible receives a copy. ਀ഊIf this article is reprinted in a publication, I would appreciate a notice in the publication that you found this article in the Florilegium. I would also appreciate an email to myself, so that I can track which articles are being reprinted. Thanks. -Stefan. ਀ഊ ਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ䘀搀ⴀ匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀ⴀ䴀䄀ⴀ愀爀琀ऀ倀愀最攀 㘀 漀昀 㘀ഊ ਊ