p-tents-art - 11/10/98 ਀ഊSurvey article on period tent styles by Julia A. Adams. ਀ഊNOTE: Please see the files: tent-making-msg, tent-sources-msg, pavilions-msg, tents-weather-msg, tent-painting-msg, p-tents-msg, tent-care-msg, tent-fabrics-msg, tent-interior-msg, yurts-msg, tent-painting-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊFrom: savaskan ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Tents: Military Styles 14th-16th c., Europe (Long) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䄀瀀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㈀㈀㨀㔀㄀㨀　㄀ ⴀ　㜀　　ഊOrganization: ElectriCiti, Inc. ਀ഊThis information was gleaned from personal library. I don't ਀栀愀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀 洀甀挀栀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 䴀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 吀攀渀琀猀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ഊ14th century or from areas outside central Europe, though I ਀搀椀搀 猀攀攀 猀漀洀攀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀攀搀⸀ 一漀琀椀挀攀愀戀氀攀 愀戀猀攀渀琀 椀渀 ഊmy library was an example of a simple single-peaked square ਀琀攀渀琀⸀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 猀琀礀氀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀椀渀最氀攀ⴀ氀攀愀昀 ഊwoodcuts, illuminations, and paintings of warfare in the ਀䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀 愀渀搀 刀攀渀愀椀猀猀愀渀挀攀⸀  吀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀栀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 ഊselection was found in "Medieval Warfare", (MW) by HW Koch, ਀㄀㤀㤀㔀Ⰰ 䈀愀爀渀攀猀 愀渀搀 一漀戀氀攀 倀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 ∀䄀爀琀椀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 圀愀爀昀愀爀攀 椀渀 ഊthe Renaissance" (A&W) by J.R. Hale, 1990, Yale University ਀倀爀攀猀猀⸀ 唀渀氀攀猀猀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀攀渀琀 ഊstyle were found in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in ਀挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀⸀ഊ ਀䴀漀猀琀 爀漀漀昀攀搀 猀琀礀氀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀攀渀猀椀漀渀 爀漀瀀攀猀⸀ ഊWhen there are ropes, each one staked to the ground comes out ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀 愀琀 ㈀ 琀漀 ㌀ 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 氀椀欀攀 愀 ∀夀∀⸀ഊ ਀⨀ 㴀 嘀攀爀礀 挀漀洀洀漀渀ഊ ਀䌀漀渀椀挀愀氀ⴀ刀漀漀昀攀搀 刀漀甀渀搀 吀攀渀琀猀 ⴀ 吀栀攀猀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀攀渀琀猀 ഊshown in all periods and have one center pole. The tension ਀椀猀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 瘀椀愀 爀漀瀀攀猀 最漀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 攀搀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀 ഊto the ground or via and internal or external stiff structure ਀最漀椀渀最 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀搀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀⸀  吀栀攀 猀椀搀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 ഊsewn to the roof, but sometimes they are clearly separate ਀瀀椀攀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 猀栀漀眀渀 椀渀  ∀䄀渀 䄀爀洀礀 䈀爀攀愀欀椀渀最 䌀愀洀瀀∀Ⰰ 䜀椀漀瘀愀渀渀椀 ഊBettini, A&W, page 79. ਀   ⴀ 眀椀琀栀 琀愀甀最栀琀 猀氀漀瀀椀渀最 猀椀搀攀猀 ⨀  ⠀愀氀猀漀 ㄀㌀琀栀 挀攀渀琀⸀ ☀ 猀攀攀渀 椀渀 ഊOttoman Turks) ਀   ⴀ 眀椀琀栀 琀愀甀最栀琀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀 猀椀搀攀猀 ⨀ ⴀ 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀ഊ - with draped sloping sides (lots of gathered fabric) ਀   ⴀ 眀椀琀栀 搀爀愀瀀攀搀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀 猀椀搀攀猀 ⠀氀漀琀猀 漀昀 最愀琀栀攀爀攀搀 昀愀戀爀椀挀⤀  ഊ (also 13th cent.) ਀⠀吀栀攀 琀漀瀀猀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀 瀀甀爀挀栀愀猀攀搀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 ഊsome manufacturers.) ਀ ഊConical non-roofed Tents - These tents also have one pole. ਀吀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 欀攀瀀琀 琀愀甀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 琀攀渀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀椀搀攀猀 猀琀愀欀攀搀 琀漀 ഊthe ground. Some of these tents are short and wide and look ਀氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀渀琀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀 猀琀愀欀攀搀 ഊdirectly on the ground. Some are tall and narrow and have a ਀猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀 琀漀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀渀 琀攀攀瀀攀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀礀 搀漀 渀漀琀 ഊhave the smoke hole/flaps common to that style of tent. It ਀洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 挀栀攀愀瀀 琀漀 最攀琀 愀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀爀 漀昀 ഊTeepees to modify one into this style. ਀ഊOval Tents - (Commercially available, but commercial ones ਀爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 洀愀渀礀 猀椀搀攀 瀀漀氀攀猀⸀⤀ഊ ਀刀攀挀琀愀渀最甀氀愀爀 吀攀渀琀猀 ⴀ ഊ - Straight sided Wall tents - (Commercially available in the ਀    氀漀眀 爀漀漀昀攀搀 洀漀搀攀氀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 洀愀渀礀 猀椀搀攀 瀀漀氀攀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀琀礀氀攀 ഊ has a roof with two sloping sides and two flat sides. ਀  ⴀ 匀氀漀瀀椀渀最 猀椀搀攀搀 圀愀氀氀 琀攀渀琀 ⨀ⴀ 吀栀椀猀 琀攀渀琀 栀愀猀 琀眀漀 猀椀搀攀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 ഊ the roof and the walls slope out and two sides which are flat. ਀    ⠀㄀㌀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀⸀⤀ഊ -Trapezoid *- This style has a very long ridge, but all ਀      猀椀搀攀猀 猀氀漀瀀攀 漀甀琀⸀ഊ ਀伀琀栀攀爀 䴀愀爀焀甀攀攀 猀琀礀氀攀猀 ⴀഊ - Rectangular center section with rounded ends * ਀  ⴀ 刀攀挀琀愀渀最甀氀愀爀 挀攀渀琀攀爀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㔀 猀椀搀攀搀 攀渀搀猀ഊ - Rectangular center section 3 sided ends ਀ഊA-Frame Tents - ਀  ⴀ 䄀ⴀ䘀爀愀洀攀 眀椀琀栀 猀栀漀爀琀 眀愀氀氀 ⴀ ⠀䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⤀ഊ - A-Frame to ground * - shown with walls straight from beam ਀     琀漀 最爀漀甀渀搀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 瀀甀猀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀椀搀攀猀 漀甀琀 ഊ about 2' from the ground. (Commercially available) ਀  ⴀ 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 伀昀昀椀挀攀爀✀猀 䈀攀氀氀  ⴀ ⠀猀栀漀眀渀 椀渀 䴀圀 瀀最⸀ ㄀㜀　 氀愀琀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀 ഊ cent.) (Commercially available.) ਀  ⴀ 䈀愀欀攀爀 吀攀渀琀 ⴀ  ⠀猀栀漀眀渀 椀渀 䄀☀圀 瀀最⸀ ㈀　Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 ∀吀栀攀 攀渀挀愀洀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀  ഊ Charles the IV at Ingolstadt" Hans Meilich, 1549) ਀     ⠀䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⤀ഊ - Lean-to - Basically a tarp hung or draped over a stick. ਀ഊSome Styles which would be really hard to engineer - ਀  ⴀ 伀渀椀漀渀 䐀漀洀攀 刀漀漀昀攀搀 刀漀甀渀搀ഊ - Dome Roofed Round ਀  ⴀ 䰀愀礀攀爀ⴀ挀愀欀攀 刀攀挀琀愀渀最甀氀愀爀 漀爀 刀漀甀渀搀 ⴀ 吀栀椀猀 猀琀礀氀攀 氀漀漀欀猀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 ഊ like two tents on top of each other from the side. The roof ਀      猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 椀渀 ㌀ ∀氀愀礀攀爀猀∀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 琀漀 ഊ engineer. ਀ഊNot Seen - Square tents with a single pointed peak (but are ਀挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀⤀ഊ ਀䌀氀漀琀栀 猀甀渀猀栀愀搀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀栀漀眀渀 漀渀 戀漀愀琀 搀攀挀欀猀 椀渀 ∀䈀愀琀琀氀攀 漀昀 ഊLepanto" 1571, MW, pg. 214/215 with lovely scalloped and ਀甀瀀猀椀搀攀ⴀ搀漀眀渀 洀椀渀愀爀攀琀 搀愀最猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀氀漀瀀攀搀 猀椀搀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 猀甀渀猀栀愀搀攀猀 ഊhave a center beam and two side beams which give an internal ਀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 椀猀 漀渀攀 爀漀甀渀搀攀搀 漀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀 ഊand some rounded ones which look to have an internal ਀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀 漀昀 愀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 眀愀最漀渀 椀渀 ഊanother woodcuts I have in my library. ਀ഊNone of my examples show any indication of using upright ਀瀀漀氀攀猀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀 攀搀最攀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀 猀攀攀渀 椀渀 ഊcommercial "period" tent manufacturer and SCA designs. The ਀洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀攀渀琀 猀栀漀眀渀 椀猀 琀栀攀 爀漀甀渀搀 琀攀渀琀 甀猀椀渀最 漀渀攀 挀攀渀琀攀爀 ഊpole. Most of the tent styles were depicted with both sloped ਀猀椀搀攀猀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀 猀椀搀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀氀漀瀀攀 爀愀渀最攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 ഊvertical to an angle steeper than the roof slope. Because many parts ਀漀昀 洀愀椀渀氀愀渀搀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 栀愀瘀攀 瀀椀渀攀 琀爀攀攀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 ഊthat armies may not have carried all the poles needed for the ਀眀栀漀氀攀 挀愀洀瀀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀洀⸀  伀琀栀攀爀 眀攀愀琀栀攀爀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀眀渀 愀爀攀 ഊmany A Frame and lean-to structures made of pole or plank ਀眀漀漀搀⸀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 挀漀氀漀爀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 挀漀氀漀爀 昀漀爀 愀 ഊtent is a white or natural (undyed) color. Semi-common are ਀爀攀搀Ⰰ 瀀椀渀欀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀 戀氀甀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀戀愀氀琀 戀氀甀攀⸀  䰀攀猀猀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 愀爀攀 ഊgreen, dark blue, brown, black, gray, maroon/rust, and ਀洀甀氀琀椀挀漀氀漀爀攀搀⸀  䴀愀渀礀 愀爀攀 瀀愀椀渀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 攀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ ഊusually at least running along the seams, but often with ਀漀爀渀愀琀攀 猀挀爀漀氀氀眀漀爀欀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀 愀渀搀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 攀搀最攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀 ഊand sides. The most common edging on the roof was a straight ਀猀琀爀椀瀀 漀昀 挀氀漀琀栀Ⰰ 漀昀琀攀渀 漀爀渀愀琀攀氀礀 搀攀挀漀爀愀琀攀搀 漀爀 瀀愀椀渀琀攀搀⸀  吀栀攀 ഊsecond most common was no edging on the roof (where sides and ਀爀漀漀昀 眀愀猀 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀⤀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 攀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀攀氀礀 瀀愀椀渀琀攀搀⸀  ഊThe next most common was rounded dags or scallops. These ਀爀愀渀最攀搀 昀爀漀洀 瘀攀爀礀 眀椀搀攀 猀挀愀氀氀漀瀀猀 ⠀愀戀漀甀琀 ㈀✀ 眀椀搀攀⤀ 琀漀 瘀攀爀礀 渀愀爀爀漀眀  ഊ(about 4" wide). These ranged from about 4" to 1' deep. No ਀攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 甀渀搀甀氀愀琀椀渀最 猀挀愀氀氀漀瀀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 洀漀猀琀 ഊcommercial manufacturers was seen. Fringe, tassels and ਀昀椀氀椀最爀攀攀 眀漀漀搀眀漀爀欀 漀爀 洀攀琀愀氀眀漀爀欀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 猀栀漀眀渀 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 ഊaround the roof edge and sometimes along the ridge. ਀ഊThere are finials shown on the peaks of round style tents and ਀愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀椀搀最攀 戀攀愀洀猀⸀ 䘀椀渀椀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀琀攀渀 挀漀渀攀 ഊshaped with a round tip, but are also shown in more complex ਀搀攀猀椀最渀猀⸀ 伀昀琀攀渀 愀 搀攀挀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 昀椀氀椀最爀攀攀 爀甀渀猀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀 漀昀 ഊthe ridge beam. ਀ഊJulianna ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 ⠀挀⤀   䨀甀氀椀愀 䄀⸀ 䄀搀愀洀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀 䄀氀氀 刀椀最栀琀猀 刀攀猀攀爀瘀攀搀ഊThis document may be distributed in entirety or in part as ਀氀漀渀最 愀猀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 爀攀琀愀椀渀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀瀀椀攀猀 ഊare distributed for no more than reproduction costs. ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 昀漀甀氀欀樀 㰀昀漀甀氀欀樀 愀琀 洀挀⸀氀挀猀⸀洀椀琀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 吀攀渀琀猀㨀 䴀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 匀琀礀氀攀猀 ㄀㐀琀栀ⴀ㄀㘀琀栀 挀⸀Ⰰ 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 ⠀䰀漀渀最⤀ 倀琀 ㈀ഊDate: 25 Apr 1996 02:53:52 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䘀䰀伀刀䤀䐀䄀 伀一䰀䤀一䔀Ⰰ 䘀氀漀爀椀搀愀✀猀 倀爀攀洀椀攀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 倀爀漀瘀椀搀攀爀ഊ ਀䜀爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀 唀渀琀漀 䨀甀氀椀愀渀渀愀ഊI've done some research into period tents and their shapes and supports. ਀匀漀洀攀 戀漀漀欀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 ∀䬀椀渀最 刀攀渀攀✀猀 䈀漀漀欀 漀昀 䰀漀瘀攀∀ 戀礀 䘀⸀ ഊUnterkircher ISBN 0-8076-0989-7. This provides docs. for windows in ਀眀愀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 昀氀漀漀爀猀⸀  吀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 戀漀漀欀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 昀漀爀 琀攀渀琀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 ഊis "Henry VIII and the Invasion of France" By C. Cruickshank ISBN ਀　ⴀ㠀㘀㈀㤀㤀ⴀ㜀㘀㠀ⴀ㈀⸀  䄀猀 昀漀爀 猀焀甀愀爀攀 琀攀渀琀猀 戀攀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 ഊdocumented 2 or 3, you are right that they are tough to find. ਀ഊOne of the suggested ways that a circle tent without rope was supported ਀椀猀 愀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀⸀  吀栀攀 挀攀渀琀攀爀 瀀漀氀攀 栀漀氀搀猀 琀栀攀 琀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀 ∀栀漀漀瀀∀ 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 ഊwalls and roof holds it out, to give it the shape. The walls have to ਀栀愀瘀攀 愀 猀氀漀瀀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀洀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 椀渀 琀攀渀猀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 搀漀洀攀搀 爀漀漀昀攀搀 琀攀渀琀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 攀愀猀礀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀渀椀漀渀 搀漀洀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 ഊharder. ਀ഊGeoffrey Maynard ਀ഊ ਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ瀀ⴀ琀攀渀琀猀ⴀ愀爀琀ऀ倀愀最攀 㐀 漀昀 㐀ഊ ਊ