buildings-msg - 10/10/08 ਀ഊMedieval building construction. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: bridges-msg, castles-msg, cities-msg, p-tents-art, p-tents-msg, wood-msg, tools-msg, wood-finishes-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊFrom: jokke at nipsu.unda.fi (Jokke Kaksonen) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: architecture ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀㈀ 䘀攀戀 ㄀㤀㤀㐀 　㠀㨀㔀㄀㨀　㌀ 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Unda Oy - a Scitex Company ਀ഊIn article <9402220225.tn03101 at aol.com>, alban at aol.COM writes: ਀㸀 䤀✀洀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 栀漀眀 琀漀 戀甀椀氀搀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 栀漀甀猀攀猀Ⰰ 氀漀渀最ⴀⴀ栀漀甀猀攀猀Ⰰഊ> and one- or two-room structures suitable for an SCA site. Wood is no ਀㸀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀㬀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 愀挀爀攀愀最攀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 琀愀氀氀 琀爀攀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀攀愀洀猀 ⠀琀栀攀爀攀ഊ> are an amazing number of pin oaks hereabouts, which grow 30 to 40 feet...), ਀㸀 愀渀搀 挀愀渀 最攀琀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 瀀椀攀挀攀猀Ⰰ 渀漀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀⸀ 圀栀愀琀 䤀 愀洀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀ഊ> are specific instructions - how long to cut beams, where to notch the ਀㸀 洀漀爀琀椀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀渀漀渀猀Ⰰ 栀漀眀 琀漀 爀愀椀猀攀 眀愀氀氀猀 眀椀琀栀 渀漀琀栀椀渀最 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 爀漀瀀攀猀 愀渀搀ഊ> muscle, and so forth, and so on. Plans I have, courtesy of art history and ਀㸀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀愀氀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 戀漀漀欀猀⸀ 圀栀愀琀 䤀 渀攀攀搀 椀猀 愀 栀漀眀ⴀ琀漀 洀愀渀甀愀氀⸀  䄀渀礀 猀甀最最攀猀琀椀漀渀猀ഊ> for sources, either written or walking around? ਀ഊFor wooden structures I don't have any suggestions, but if you build a house ਀漀昀 猀琀漀渀攀 琀栀攀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 栀攀氀瀀⸀ 圀攀 栀愀瘀攀 栀攀爀攀 椀渀 䘀椀渀氀愀渀搀 愀 挀栀甀爀挀栀ഊwhich was built in 1200-and something. It was built in the following manner. ਀䘀椀爀猀琀 琀栀攀礀 洀愀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 戀甀椀氀琀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 椀琀 琀栀攀 眀愀氀氀 愀猀 栀椀最栀 愀猀 愀 ഊmans waist. After this they filled the inside of the wall with earth. Thus ਀琀栀攀 栀椀最栀攀爀 琀栀攀礀 戀甀椀氀琀 琀栀攀 眀愀氀氀 琀栀攀礀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 昀椀氀氀攀搀 琀栀攀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀栀甀爀挀栀ഊto the same height with earth. As they built also a ramp leading to the top ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀搀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 搀爀椀瘀攀 眀椀琀栀 瘀愀最漀渀猀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀 甀瀀 琀漀ഊthe current level of the building. This way they just drove all the building materials they needed easily to the place where they were used. Finally when ਀琀栀攀 挀栀甀爀挀栀 眀愀猀 爀攀愀搀礀 琀栀攀礀 猀椀洀瀀氀礀 搀甀最 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀琀栀 昀爀漀洀 眀椀琀栀椀渀⸀ഊ ਀䤀渀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䐀爀攀愀洀 ഊCelestinus mac Criohmthainn ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 圀䤀匀䠀 愀琀 甀爀椀愀挀挀⸀甀爀椀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀倀攀琀攀爀 刀漀猀攀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 刀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀㼀 ⠀圀愀猀㨀 刀攀㨀 䌀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀Ⰰ 爀椀最栀琀 漀爀 眀爀漀渀最㼀⤀ഊDate: Mon, 03 Jun 96 13:46:58 EDT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 刀栀漀搀攀 䤀猀氀愀渀搀ഊ ਀㸀匀漀甀渀搀猀 最漀漀搀 琀漀 洀攀⸀  䌀漀洀攀 琀漀 琀栀椀渀欀 漀昀 椀琀Ⰰ 䤀✀洀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䐀攀瘀椀氀✀猀 漀眀渀 琀椀洀攀ഊ>trying to find decent references for medieval architecture. I'm looking ਀㸀昀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀猀 漀昀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀椀欀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 漀昀 栀椀氀氀ഊ>forts, castles, guard outposts, merchant's shops/homes, village churches, ਀㸀攀琀挀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀✀猀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 攀渀漀甀最栀 漀渀 琀栀椀渀最猀 氀椀欀攀 挀愀琀栀攀搀爀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀ഊ>monumental architecture. ਀ ഊ Well, that Hanawalt book: "the ties that bind" ISBN0-19-503649-2 ਀ 琀栀愀琀 猀漀洀攀漀渀攀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀ഊ a while ago in ref. to medieval coroner's reports has some rudimentary ਀ 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 眀愀琀琀氀攀ⴀ愀渀搀ⴀ搀愀甀戀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀氀猀漀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 挀愀氀氀攀搀ഊ "cobb". Along with some commentary about the number of people killed ਀ 戀礀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 挀栀甀渀欀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 栀漀甀猀攀 漀爀 挀栀甀爀挀栀 昀愀氀氀 漀渀 琀栀攀洀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀䄀氀氀 琀漀氀搀Ⰰ 椀琀✀猀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ 圀椀琀栀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 攀瘀攀爀礀琀栀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀ഊroadways, water-sources, 'legerwite' how much land to support a family, ਀栀漀眀 洀甀挀栀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 氀愀渀搀⸀⸀  攀琀挀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 挀愀爀攀猀Ⰰ 䤀✀瘀攀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 渀愀洀攀ⴀ爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 䤀 挀漀甀氀搀 昀椀渀搀⸀ഊSince the reports get repeated I'm not sure how statistically useful ਀琀栀攀 氀椀猀琀 椀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䄀䰀䤀䌀䔀 椀猀 愀 氀漀琀 洀漀爀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀愀渀 䤀✀搀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: IMC at vax2.utulsa.EDU (Marc Carlson) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: re: Medieval References... ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㔀 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㄀㈀㨀㌀㜀㨀㄀㘀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊOrganization: The Internet ਀ഊ>> ਀㸀匀漀甀渀搀猀 最漀漀搀 琀漀 洀攀⸀  䌀漀洀攀 琀漀 琀栀椀渀欀 漀昀 椀琀Ⰰ 䤀✀洀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䐀攀瘀椀氀✀猀 漀眀渀 琀椀洀攀ഊ>trying to find decent references for medieval architecture. I'm looking ਀㸀昀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀猀 漀昀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀椀欀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 漀昀 栀椀氀氀ഊ>forts, castles, guard outposts, merchant's shops/homes, village churches, ਀㸀攀琀挀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀✀猀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 攀渀漀甀最栀 漀渀 琀栀椀渀最猀 氀椀欀攀 挀愀琀栀攀搀爀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀ഊ>monumental architecture. ਀㸀䄀渀礀漀渀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 瀀漀椀渀琀 洀攀 琀漀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀㼀ഊ ਀䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 栀漀眀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 椀琀 椀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 猀漀洀攀 昀氀漀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊbasic information about houses in Colin Platt's "The English Medieval ਀吀漀眀渀∀⸀  䤀 樀甀猀琀 猀愀眀 愀 戀漀漀欀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ∀栀漀甀猀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀∀ 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀ഊa local book store on the architecture of French peasant architecture, ਀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 戀礀 爀攀最椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀漀 昀漀爀琀栀⸀  䤀 眀愀猀 椀渀 愀 栀甀爀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊmissed getting the cite, so of course they had sold it by the time ਀䤀 最漀琀 戀愀挀欀⸀  䤀✀洀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 猀甀爀攀 椀琀 眀椀氀氀 琀甀爀渀 甀瀀 愀最愀椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 搀漀攀猀ⰀഊI'll mention it. ਀ഊ"Fides res non pecunniae, Diarmuit Ui Dhuinn ਀ 猀攀搀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀椀猀∀                    唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 一漀爀琀栀欀攀攀瀀⼀䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 漀昀 匀琀⸀ 䨀甀搀攀ഊ -- Unknown Recreator Northkeepshire, Ansteorra ਀                                  ⠀䤀⸀ 䴀愀爀挀 䌀愀爀氀猀漀渀⼀䤀䴀䌀 愀琀 瘀愀砀㈀⸀甀琀甀氀猀愀⸀攀搀甀⤀ഊ ਀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 昀愀爀猀椀搀攀 愀琀 唀匀䄀㄀⸀䌀漀洀 ⠀䈀漀戀 一愀椀猀洀椀琀栀⤀ഊSubject: Re: Medieval References... ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㈀　 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 　　㨀㔀㄀㨀㐀㄀ 䜀䴀吀ഊ ਀䤀渀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 㰀㐀瀀㘀洀搀琀␀椀瀀漀 愀琀 甀猀攀渀攀琀⸀爀瀀椀⸀攀搀甀㸀Ⰰ 栀愀戀甀爀愀 愀琀 氀椀戀㄀㈀㈀⸀椀琀猀⸀爀瀀椀⸀攀搀甀 猀愀礀猀⸀⸀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀䌀漀爀洀愀挀 愀猀欀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最猀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀䌀栀爀椀猀琀漀瀀栀攀爀 䐀礀攀爀✀猀 开匀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀 漀昀 䰀椀瘀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 䰀愀琀攀爀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀开 栀愀猀 愀 ഊ>number of floor plans of smaller buildings, including an artisan's ਀㸀眀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀⼀氀椀瘀椀渀最 焀甀愀爀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀 洀攀爀挀栀愀渀琀✀猀 栀漀甀猀攀⼀眀愀爀攀栀漀甀猀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀⸀ ഊ>Very neat. (I keep plugging this book, I know...but it's just so ਀㸀椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最℀⤀ഊ> ਀㸀䄀 昀爀椀攀渀搀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀猀 愀 戀漀漀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䌀漀瀀瀀攀爀最愀琀攀 搀椀最 愀琀 夀漀爀欀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀攀猀ഊ>house plans and construction techniques, including full information on ਀㸀愀 ㄀㌀琀栀 挀⸀ 挀椀猀琀攀爀渀⸀ 䰀漀琀猀 漀昀 瀀栀漀琀漀猀⸀ 䤀✀氀氀 琀爀礀 琀漀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 琀漀 愀猀欀 栀椀洀 ഊ>for the title. ਀㸀ഊ>Alison MacDermot ਀㸀⨀䔀砀 唀渀最甀攀 䰀攀漀渀攀洀⨀ഊ ਀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 椀渀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 椀猀 ഊMargaret Wood's _The English Mediaeval House_ ISBN 1 85891 167 2. I got my ਀挀漀瀀礀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䈀愀爀渀攀猀 ☀ 一漀戀氀攀✀猀 䈀漀漀欀猀 䈀礀 䴀愀椀氀 挀愀琀愀氀漀最Ⰰ 昀漀爀 甀渀搀攀爀 ␀㄀㔀⸀  吀栀攀椀爀 ഊnumber is 1-800-843-2665. ਀ഊSibley of Nethercerne ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䔀搀眀椀渀 䰀⸀ 䠀攀眀椀琀琀∀ 㰀戀爀漀最漀漀猀攀 愀琀 瀀攀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀㈀ 䄀甀最 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㄀㄀㨀㐀㠀㨀㌀㤀 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: PE.net - Internet access from the Press-Enterprise Company ਀ഊHi, Edvin here. ਀ഊThe birth of the "Gothic Style" of Architecture is (generally) ਀愀最爀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 ㄀㄀㐀　 眀栀攀渀 匀甀最攀爀Ⰰ 䄀戀戀漀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀漀礀愀氀 䄀戀戀攀礀 漀昀 匀琀⸀ 䐀攀渀椀猀ഊbuilt his famous western portal. This style (called in period, ਀∀愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 䴀愀渀渀攀爀∀⤀ 眀愀猀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 眀攀氀氀ഊover 100 years. Renaissance builders condemned the style by naming ਀椀琀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 戀愀爀戀愀爀椀愀渀 最漀琀栀猀⸀ഊ ਀䨀甀猀琀 愀 渀漀琀攀 漀昀 琀爀椀瘀椀愀㨀  漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀攀猀琀 椀渀猀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊcathedral builders was writings of Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite. ਀䄀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀愀猀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 眀愀猀 愀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀漀渀 漀昀 匀琀⸀ 倀愀甀氀Ⰰ ഊtherefore, his writings would have Apostolic authority. His ਀眀爀椀琀椀渀最猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀瘀攀渀氀礀 栀椀攀爀愀爀挀栀礀 愀渀搀 栀椀猀 愀渀愀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀昀 䜀漀搀 愀猀ഊLight were considered divinely inspired. Thus the "gothic" ਀猀琀礀氀攀 栀愀搀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 氀椀最栀琀⸀  䰀愀琀攀爀Ⰰഊit was proven that Dionysius (or St. Denis) was a lowly 3rd century ਀䌀漀瀀琀椀挀 洀漀渀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀愀甀氀⸀  伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀攀猀琀ഊtechnological and artistic achievements of man was in part due to ਀愀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 洀椀猀琀愀欀攀渀 椀搀攀渀琀椀琀礀℀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: powers at colon.cis.ohio-state.edu (william thomas powers) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: log construction ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㜀 䴀愀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㄀㠀㨀㌀㐀㨀㐀㠀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊOrganization: The Ohio State University, Department of Computer and Information Science ਀ഊ> Anyone have sources for info on log homes? ਀㸀    刀漀猀猀 䴀愀爀琀椀渀攀欀ഊ ਀䴀漀搀攀爀渀 漀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 氀漀最 ⨀挀愀戀椀渀猀⨀ 漀爀 瀀漀猀琀☀戀攀愀洀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ  䠀漀眀 琀漀 戀甀椀氀搀Ⰰഊhow to find kit homes, architectual documentation, insulation values.... ਀ഊYes we have sources of info... ਀ഊSo while waiting for a directed request: may I commend ਀∀䄀 䰀漀最 䈀甀椀氀搀攀爀✀猀 䠀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀∀Ⰰ 䐀爀攀眀 䰀愀渀最猀渀攀爀Ⰰ 刀漀搀愀氀攀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 椀猀戀渀 　ⴀ㠀㜀㠀㔀㜀ⴀ㐀㄀㘀ⴀ㘀ഊfor infornmation on building your own. ਀ഊ"Mother Earth News" for adds for kit homes ਀ഊand most exceptionally!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ਀ഊ"The Craft of Log Building" by Herman Phleps pub by Sterling Publishing Co. ਀椀猀戀渀　ⴀ㤀㘀㤀㄀　㄀㤀ⴀ㄀ⴀ　ഊ ਀昀漀爀 戀攀愀甀琀椀昀甀氀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 攀愀猀琀攀爀渀 攀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 氀漀最 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最猀 眀椀琀栀 ⨀瀀攀爀椀漀搀⨀ഊexamples and a wealth of details. Written by one of the foremost ਀愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㐀㈀ 椀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀  爀攀ⴀ瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀ഊin 1982 in translation ਀ഊwilelm ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 最攀爀攀欀爀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀䜀攀爀攀欀爀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 氀漀最 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀ഊDate: 8 Mar 1997 09:28:24 GMT ਀ഊI would also suggest: Holan, Jerri. _Norwegian Wood._ New York: Rizzoli, ਀㄀㤀㤀　⸀  ⠀䤀匀䈀一 　ⴀ㠀㐀㜀㠀ⴀ　㤀㔀㐀ⴀ㐀Ⰰ 　ⴀ㠀㐀㜀㠀ⴀ　㤀㔀㔀ⴀ㈀ ⠀瀀戀欀⸀⤀ 一䄀㄀㈀㘀㄀⸀䠀㘀㔀 ㄀㤀㤀　 ഊ721'.0448'09485 88-4692.) It goes back into period stuff. ਀ഊMaster Gerek ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㠀 䴀愀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㈀㈀㨀㔀㔀㨀㈀㈀ ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: Berwyn ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Stave Church ਀ഊThis may be of interest to Norse types. There is a full-size replica of ਀愀 一漀爀眀攀最椀愀渀 猀琀愀瘀攀 挀栀甀爀挀栀 戀攀椀渀最 戀甀椀氀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䠀樀攀洀欀漀洀猀琀 䠀攀爀椀琀愀最攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 椀渀ഊMoorhead, MN (Just across the river from Fargo, ND). We stopped for a ਀氀漀漀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀 戀愀挀欀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀 攀瘀攀渀琀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀椀最栀琀 漀昀 椀琀ഊbrought tears to my eyes. I'm not sure of the completion date, but it ਀氀漀漀欀猀 氀椀欀攀 椀琀 椀猀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 挀氀漀猀攀⸀ഊ The Center was built to house the Hjemkomst, a replica Viking longship ਀眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 戀甀椀氀琀 椀渀 䴀椀渀渀攀猀漀琀愀 戀礀 愀 洀愀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀 搀爀攀愀洀⸀ 䠀攀 搀椀攀搀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 椀琀猀ഊcompletion, but his son finished the project and the ship sailed from ਀䐀甀氀甀琀栀Ⰰ 䴀一 琀漀 䈀攀爀最攀渀Ⰰ 一漀爀眀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 猀琀爀愀渀最攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 礀漀甀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀 琀漀 戀攀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀氀椀渀最 琀栀攀 渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 琀椀攀爀ഊof states (Interstate 94), a stop will be worth your time. ਀ ഊMore info on the boat and museum is at ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀琀瀀昀愀爀最漀⸀挀漀洀⼀栀樀攀洀⼀栀樀攀洀欀漀洀猀琀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀䈀攀爀眀礀渀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Thu, 15 Oct 1998 09:19:13 -0600 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 一愀渀挀礀 䰀礀渀挀栀 㰀氀甀最栀戀攀挀 愀琀 椀渀昀漀㈀　　　⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 䔀愀爀氀礀 倀攀爀椀漀搀 䈀椀甀氀搀椀渀最 刀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀ഊ ਀刀椀欀欀椀 䴀椀琀洀愀渀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> I'm building a pavilion that I will paint to look like a very early-period ਀㸀 琀栀愀琀挀栀攀搀 栀漀洀攀 ⠀圀攀氀猀栀 漀爀 䤀爀椀猀栀⤀⸀ 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 䤀 瀀爀攀昀攀爀 椀琀 琀漀 氀漀漀欀 氀椀欀攀 猀琀漀渀攀Ⰰ 爀愀琀栀攀爀ഊ> than wood, if this is not historically unreasonable. ਀㸀ഊ> Does anyone have suggestions of pictorial references? On the web ਀㸀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 渀椀挀攀㬀 戀漀漀欀猀 䤀 挀愀渀 琀爀愀挀欀 搀漀眀渀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䤀䰀䰀 愀爀攀 漀欀愀礀Ⰰ 琀漀漀⸀ഊ> Drawings by knowledgeable types, photos of excavations or credible ਀㸀 爀攀ⴀ挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⴀⴀ 愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 眀攀氀挀漀洀攀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 䤀✀洀 渀漀琀 漀瘀攀爀氀礀 昀愀渀愀琀椀挀愀氀 愀戀漀甀琀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 ⴀⴀ 椀琀 椀猀Ⰰ 愀昀琀攀爀ഊ> all, still ਀㸀 瀀愀椀渀琀攀搀 挀愀渀瘀愀猀⸀ 䈀甀琀 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 氀椀欀攀 椀琀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀礀 爀攀愀氀椀猀琀椀挀 氀漀漀欀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 吀攀氀攀爀椀 昀攀爀挀栀 倀愀眀氀ഊ....................... ਀䴀礀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀Ⰰ 䰀漀爀搀 䌀漀渀挀栀漀戀栀愀爀 伀✀䰀漀椀渀最猀攀愀挀栀愀椀渀Ⰰ 椀猀 琀栀攀 氀漀挀愀氀 攀砀瀀攀爀琀 漀渀 琀栀愀琀ഊsubject so when he gets home I will direct him to your question. As I ਀甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 椀琀 琀栀漀甀最栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 爀漀挀欀 栀漀洀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 爀漀挀欀礀ഊareas (sensible). All the homes I know of were round. Out buildings ਀愀渀搀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀爀攀愀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 爀攀挀琀愀渀最甀氀愀爀⸀  吀栀攀 栀漀洀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 洀漀猀琀氀礀ഊmade of a wattle construction covered with daub (mud), with an exterior ਀眀愀琀琀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀渀 愀椀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 眀愀琀琀氀攀⸀ഊThe books I know of that are with good pics are as follows... ਀ഊThe Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland - John Waddell, Galway University ਀倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ⴀ䤀匀䈀一 ㄀ 㤀　㄀㐀㈀㄀ ㄀　 㐀ഊ ਀䤀爀椀猀栀 䄀爀挀栀愀攀漀氀漀最礀 䤀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 ⴀ 攀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 刀礀愀渀Ⰰ 䌀漀甀渀琀爀礀 䠀漀甀猀攀ⰀഊDublin, 1997 -ISBN 0 946172 33 1 ਀ഊCheck with Conchobhar if you have further questions.:) ਀匀漀渀愀猀 漀爀琀℀ ⠀䠀愀瀀瀀椀渀攀猀猀 漀渀 礀漀甀℀⤀ഊMistress Lughbec ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㌀ 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 　㤀㨀㐀㈀㨀㔀㘀 ⴀ　㔀　　 ⠀䔀匀吀⤀ഊFrom: Jenne Heise ਀吀漀㨀 匀䌀䄀 䄀爀琀猀 氀椀猀琀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊSubject: Renaissance & Baroque Architecture ਀ഊFrom the Scout Report, a review of a teaching resource: ਀ഊ10. Renaissance and Baroque Architecture: Architectural History 102 ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀氀椀戀⸀瘀椀爀最椀渀椀愀⸀攀搀甀⼀搀椀挀⼀挀漀氀氀猀⼀愀爀栀㄀　㈀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 猀椀琀攀 栀漀猀琀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 漀瘀攀爀 㔀　　 椀洀愀最攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀ഊDigital Image Center at the University of Virginia Library for use in ਀倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 䌀⸀ 圀⸀ 圀攀猀琀昀愀氀氀✀猀 挀漀甀爀猀攀 漀渀 刀攀渀愀椀猀猀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 䈀愀爀漀焀甀攀 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀⸀ഊThe images are grouped topically, as they were covered in the class. ਀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀椀琀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 䘀氀漀爀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 吀栀攀 匀椀砀琀攀攀渀琀栀ഊCentury--Bramante and Roman Architecture, French Explorations of the New ਀䌀氀愀猀猀椀挀椀猀洀Ⰰ 吀栀攀 䠀漀氀礀 刀漀洀愀渀 䔀洀瀀攀爀漀爀 刀攀搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀猀 琀栀攀 䔀洀瀀椀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀ഊAccepts Classicism, among others. Each section contains a number of ਀琀栀甀洀戀渀愀椀氀猀 攀愀挀栀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 氀攀愀搀猀 琀漀 愀 昀甀氀氀ⴀ猀椀稀攀搀 䨀倀䔀䜀 椀洀愀最攀⸀ 䤀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀ഊnoted that the images are not individually labelled, but instead each ਀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀昀攀爀猀 愀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 氀椀猀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀最攀⸀ 䤀渀 猀漀洀攀ഊsections, but not in all, these are also hyperlinked. Teachers, scholars, ਀猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀爀攀 昀爀攀攀 琀漀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀洀愀最攀猀 昀漀爀ഊeducational purposes. [MD] ਀ഊJadwiga Zajaczkowa (Shire of Eisental; HERMS Cyclonus), mka Jennifer Heise ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㄀㜀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 　㐀㨀㐀㜀㨀㌀㄀ ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: rmhowe ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Medieval Architectural images and Charters. Vernacular Architecture ਀愀渀搀 昀椀琀琀椀渀最猀⸀ഊ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀氀攀⸀愀挀⸀甀欀⼀攀氀栀⼀瀀漀琀⼀椀渀琀爀漀⸀栀琀洀氀⌀琀攀愀挀栀猀攀挀琀ഊContains images of medieval buildings, churches, interior woodwork. ਀䄀氀猀漀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 挀栀愀爀琀攀爀猀⸀ഊSome of you might find this interesting. ਀ഊMagnus ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㈀㐀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 　㠀㨀㐀㈀㨀　㌀ ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: "Gray, Heather" ਀吀漀㨀 ∀✀猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀✀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊSubject: RE: Cavalier things ਀ഊHere's a web site on timber-framed houses. ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀攀琀挀漀洀甀欀⸀挀漀⸀甀欀⼀縀氀愀挀栀氀愀渀⼀琀椀洀戀攀爀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀䤀琀 猀愀礀猀 椀琀 猀琀愀爀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀漀甀猀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㌀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀渀搀 最漀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀㤀琀栀ഊcentury, focusing on houses in England and Wales. Here's a little ਀攀砀挀攀爀瀀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀爀漀㨀ഊ "The emphasis is not on Great Houses or Stately Homes but on the ਀猀椀洀瀀氀攀爀 搀眀攀氀氀椀渀最猀 漀昀    挀漀琀琀愀最攀爀猀Ⰰ 洀攀爀挀栀愀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 礀攀漀洀攀渀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 洀愀渀礀 漀昀ഊthe last two were wealthy. Nor is it a complete scholarly dissertation ਀爀愀渀欀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 愀挀愀搀攀洀椀挀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 ⴀ 䤀 愀洀 渀漀琀 愀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀Ⰰ ഊcollege courses etc. will take you further if you want. ਀ഊ Important technological breakthroughs and techniques are described ਀猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀愀洀瀀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀栀椀洀渀攀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 最氀愀猀猀ഊin windows." ਀ഊHas some nice pictures, links, bibliography, glossary of terms, and ਀搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 搀爀愀眀椀渀最 漀昀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀爀 昀爀愀洀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䔀氀眀礀渀渀攀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 30 Nov 1998 17:06:32 -0500 (EST) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀攀渀渀攀 䠀攀椀猀攀 㰀樀攀渀渀攀 愀琀 琀甀氀最攀礀⸀戀爀漀眀猀攀爀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊTo: SCA Arts list ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 愀爀琀 ☀ 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 眀攀戀猀椀琀攀ഊ ਀㸀䘀爀漀洀 䰀䤀䤀圀䔀䔀䬀㨀ഊ Medieval Art and Architecture - http://www.pitt.edu/~medart/ ਀ഊ A collection of architectural images from the Middle Ages. Included for ਀洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最猀 椀猀 愀 洀愀瀀 漀昀 椀琀猀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀 昀氀漀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀Ⰰ 瀀栀漀琀漀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊa brief description. Currently, structures from France and England are ਀爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀⸀  䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 愀爀攀 洀愀渀礀 洀愀瀀猀 昀爀漀洀 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 匀栀攀瀀栀攀爀搀⸀猀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀ഊAtlas and a glossary. - dl ਀ഊJadwiga Zajaczkowa (Shire of Eisental; HERMS Cyclonus), mka Jennifer Heise ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 洀椀稀稀椀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀䴀椀稀稀椀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀攀攀欀 愀搀瘀椀挀攀 昀漀爀 瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀 栀漀甀猀攀ഊDate: 23 Jun 1999 15:00:03 GMT ਀ഊ> One must also add some type of aging and artistic touch, because most ਀㸀瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 椀琀攀洀 琀漀 氀漀漀欀 愀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 眀愀礀⸀ 䤀昀 椀琀 氀漀漀欀猀 琀漀 ∀一攀眀∀ 琀栀攀渀 椀琀 栀愀猀 ഊ>a tendency to look fake. But as you pointed out this can go too far and I fight ਀㸀琀栀椀猀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 椀渀 洀漀瘀椀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䠀愀瘀椀渀最 樀甀猀琀 爀攀愀搀 ∀吀栀攀 吀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 䈀漀甀渀搀∀Ⰰ 愀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 戀漀漀欀 漀昀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 氀椀昀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊEnglish Peasantry in the 13th/14th cent. I have a comment on wattle & daub ਀栀漀甀猀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 挀漀渀昀椀爀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 栀漀甀猀椀渀最ഊused by the peasants and that they were indeed small, 3 rooms at the outside. ਀䰀漀昀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 猀氀攀攀瀀椀渀最⸀  ഊ ਀䈀甀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 愀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀漀甀猀攀⸀  匀栀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 栀漀甀猀攀 ഊrarely lasted more than about 20 years. By the time the kid inherits (son or ਀搀愀甀最栀琀攀爀⤀ 琀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 猀漀 洀甀挀栀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 琀漀 戀攀 搀漀渀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀氀搀 栀漀甀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀ഊinheritor would simply build a new one. A big advantage of wattle & daub as a ਀挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀✀猀 焀甀椀挀欀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀愀瀀 戀攀椀渀最 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 爀攀愀搀椀氀礀ഊavailable materials. OTOH It's very suceptible to water dammage if the roof ਀氀攀愀欀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀挀栀攀搀 爀漀漀昀猀 搀椀搀 攀瘀攀渀琀甀愀氀氀礀 氀攀愀欀⸀ 䤀琀 眀愀猀 愀 猀氀漀眀椀猀栀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 戀甀琀 漀瘀攀爀ഊtime the roof developed leaks and the walls developed weaknesses. Yes you ਀挀漀甀氀搀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 戀甀琀 椀琀 眀愀猀 愀 氀漀漀猀椀渀最 戀愀琀琀氀攀 愀渀搀 礀漀甀 攀瘀攀渀琀甀愀氀氀礀 瀀椀挀欀攀搀 愀 猀瀀漀琀 渀漀琀ഊtoo far away on your home acre or so and built another house. Sometimes the ਀漀氀搀 栀漀甀猀攀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 愀 戀愀爀渀⸀  伀琀栀攀爀 琀椀洀攀猀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 漀氀搀 栀漀甀猀攀 眀愀猀 椀渀 戀攀琀琀攀爀ഊshape than usual it was the oldsters in the family that got a new little 'dower ਀栀漀甀猀攀✀⸀  䤀渀 氀愀琀攀爀 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 挀栀愀渀最攀搀 琀漀 猀琀漀渀攀 愀渀搀 琀椀洀戀攀爀ഊhouses were preserved from generation to generation and got that real 'old' ਀氀漀漀欀⸀ഊ Just a note in passing. The prospect of more neat looking dewllings at ਀倀攀渀渀猀椀挀 椀猀 攀砀挀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䤀 眀椀猀栀 礀漀甀 眀攀氀氀⸀ഊ YIS, Mairgret ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 匀琀䌀甀爀爀椀攀 愀琀 椀砀⸀渀攀琀挀漀洀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀匀琀攀瘀攀渀 䌀甀爀爀椀攀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀洀椀琀栀猀漀渀椀愀渀 ㈀ 䄀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 ഊDate: Fri, 06 Aug 1999 02:38:57 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 吀椀洀攀 圀愀爀渀攀爀 䌀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 匀愀渀 䐀椀攀最漀Ⰰ 䌀䄀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䨀甀氀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 椀猀猀甀攀 漀昀 匀洀椀琀栀猀漀渀椀愀渀 洀愀最愀稀椀渀攀 栀愀猀 琀眀漀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀伀渀攀 栀愀猀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 爀甀椀渀攀搀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 愀戀戀攀礀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䈀礀氀愀渀搀ⰀഊBinham Priory, Buildwas and Tintern. These are wonderful pictures, ਀眀椀琀栀 愀氀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀 琀愀欀攀渀 愀琀 渀椀最栀琀 漀爀 搀甀猀欀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀猀 漀渀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 洀椀氀氀攀渀椀甀洀⸀  䤀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 爀攀愀搀ഊit yet, but a quick overview reveals it should be very interesting. ਀ഊLord Etienne of Burgundy ਀䴀椀渀椀猀琀攀爀 漀昀 䄀爀琀猀 愀渀搀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀ഊBarony of Calafia ਀䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 漀昀 䌀愀椀搀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 13:31:14 -0500 (EST) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 挀挀氀愀爀欀 愀琀 瘀椀挀漀渀⸀渀攀琀ഊSubject: Re: SC - smoking ਀ഊPuck wrote: ਀㸀吀栀攀 氀愀琀攀猀琀 䴀漀琀栀攀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 一攀眀猀 ⠀漀欀愀礀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 攀砀愀挀琀氀礀 愀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀⤀ 搀攀挀氀愀爀攀猀ഊ>in their really KEWL build yer own sauna article, that the chimney is a 19th ਀㸀挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀⸀  一漀眀 䤀 欀渀漀眀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀 戀攀 昀愀爀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀琀栀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀ഊ>from my research its not too durn far. Any ideas? ... ਀ഊA while back I read a book or two about period architecture, and from what I ਀爀攀挀愀氀氀 挀栀椀洀渀攀礀猀 愀爀攀 ⠀愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀⤀ 渀攀愀爀氀礀 愀 琀栀漀甀猀愀渀搀 礀攀愀爀猀 漀氀搀⸀ 䤀琀ഊused to be that there was an open hearth at the middle of the hall, and a ਀氀漀甀瘀攀爀 漀渀 琀漀瀀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀 ⠀愀 氀漀渀最 眀愀礀 甀瀀⤀ 昀漀爀 瘀攀渀琀椀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 愀 眀栀椀氀攀ഊthey sometimes added a sort of central hanging chimney starting above the ਀栀攀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 最漀椀渀最 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 甀瀀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀漀甀瘀攀爀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀礀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 琀栀愀琀ഊputting a hood over a fireplace by the wall improved the draw (about the ਀㄀㈀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀㼀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 瀀爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 昀漀爀ഊfireplaces by the side of the room, with a hood or mantle and a chimney. ਀ഊAlex Clark/Henry of Maldon ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㔀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀㤀㨀㐀㄀㨀　㈀ ⴀ　㠀　　ഊFrom: "Laura C. Minnick" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 猀洀漀欀椀渀最ഊ ਀刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 䬀愀瀀瀀氀攀爀 䤀䤀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> My newest toy, _Fast and Feast_, talks about a piece of beef hung to smoke ਀㸀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀栀椀洀渀攀礀 椀渀 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ⠀猀氀愀甀最栀琀攀爀 猀攀愀猀漀渀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 栀甀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀栀椀洀渀攀礀ഊ> overwinter to be used for Easter supper. ਀㸀ഊ> This brings up several questions. ਀㸀 吀栀攀 氀愀琀攀猀琀 䴀漀琀栀攀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 一攀眀猀 ⠀漀欀愀礀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 攀砀愀挀琀氀礀 愀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀⤀ 搀攀挀氀愀爀攀猀ഊ> in their really KEWL build yer own sauna article, that the chimney is a 19th ਀㸀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀⸀  一漀眀 䤀 欀渀漀眀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀 戀攀 昀愀爀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀琀栀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀ഊ> from my research its not too durn far. Any ideas? When did we advance from ਀㸀 琀栀攀 ✀栀漀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀栀愀琀挀栀攀搀 爀漀漀昀✀ 琀栀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 ✀戀爀椀挀欀 椀渀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀爀琀栀ഊ> and oh by the way put a hole at the top of the bricks' thing? ਀ഊLast I knew the archeolgical evidence would point to the presence of ਀挀栀椀洀渀攀礀猀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 攀愀爀氀礀ⴀ 琀椀氀攀 漀爀 挀氀愀礀 愀琀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀猀琀 ⠀匀眀攀攀琀椀攀㼀 䐀漀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀ഊanything on that?) However, A) fires without chimneys have difficulty ਀最攀琀琀椀渀最 愀 最漀漀搀 ✀搀爀愀眀✀ 琀漀 瀀甀氀氀 琀栀攀 猀洀漀欀攀 愀眀愀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 栀漀甀猀攀⸀ 夀漀甀 爀攀愀氀氀礀ഊneed the siphon effect of the chimney to get the smoke out of your ਀挀漀琀琀愀最攀ⴀ 愀渀搀 愀 最爀攀愀琀 洀愀渀礀 栀漀甀猀眀椀昀攀爀礀 洀愀渀甀愀氀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀Ⰰ 挀愀甀琀椀漀渀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀ഊhaving a smoky fire; B) without a chimney, you have alot more problem ਀眀椀琀栀 猀瀀愀爀欀猀ⴀ 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 琀栀愀琀挀栀攀搀 爀漀漀昀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 搀椀猀愀猀琀攀爀漀甀猀㬀 䌀⤀ഊthere's a folk tale, one version of which is 15th c. (can't find it at ਀琀栀攀 洀漀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 开䠀攀瀀琀愀洀攀爀漀渀开⤀ 琀栀愀琀 栀愀猀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀ഊwife swapping roles for the day. The fellow can't cope, eventually takes ਀琀栀攀 挀漀眀 甀瀀 漀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀 ⠀琀栀愀琀挀栀 漀爀 猀漀搀⤀ 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 漀甀琀 琀漀 瀀愀猀琀甀爀攀Ⰰഊloops the tether around the chimney, passes it down through, and then ਀眀栀攀渀 椀渀搀漀漀爀猀Ⰰ 栀攀 琀椀攀猀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 ✀爀漀甀渀搀 栀椀猀 漀眀渀 洀攀椀搀搀氀攀⸀ 伀昀 挀漀甀爀猀攀Ⰰ 䈀漀猀猀礀ഊloses her footing and slips off the roof, strangling, and the rope pulls ਀琀栀攀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀 甀瀀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 挀栀椀洀渀攀礀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 椀猀 猀琀甀挀欀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 眀椀昀攀 挀漀洀攀猀ഊhome... ਀ഊAlso loads of pix of places with chimneys... ਀ഊBesides, the staff at TMEN has never been known for scholars... ਀ഊ'Lainie ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 洀椀欀攀愀 愀琀 洀椀欀攀愀⸀愀琀栀⸀挀砀 ⠀䴀椀欀攀 䄀渀搀爀攀眀猀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 䌀栀椀洀渀攀礀猀ഊDate: Sat, 1 May 2004 22:37:14 +0000 (UTC) ਀ഊZebee Johnstone wrote: ਀㸀 圀栀椀氀攀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 渀漀琀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀⸀⸀⸀ 䤀 挀愀洀攀ഊ> across a factoid that I am not at all sure about. ਀ഊ> The writer claims that chimneys as such were a 15thC invention, and ਀㸀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 琀栀愀琀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 栀攀愀琀攀搀 瘀椀愀 昀椀爀攀瀀椀琀 愀渀搀 猀洀漀欀攀栀漀氀攀⸀  䄀猀 椀渀ഊ> castles! ਀ഊ> So... would your donjon building Norman and Angevin have had a big fire ਀㸀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀搀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀氀漀漀爀 愀渀搀 愀 猀洀漀欀攀栀漀氀攀㼀  匀攀攀洀猀 戀氀漀漀搀礀 甀渀氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀漀ഊ> me, especially as it would have to be so in every room in the stone ਀㸀 欀攀攀瀀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀渀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 昀氀漀漀爀猀⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀㸀 匀漀Ⰰ 愀渀礀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 椀渀昀漀 漀渀 琀栀椀猀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 瀀愀猀猀 戀愀挀欀㼀ഊ ਀䈀愀挀欀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㠀㄀Ⰰ 洀礀 氀愀琀攀 眀椀昀攀Ⰰ 䴀椀猀琀爀攀猀猀 刀漀愀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 眀攀爀攀 昀漀爀琀甀渀愀琀攀ഊenough to visit Allington Castle (IIRC), just outside Maidstone in ਀䬀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 挀愀猀琀氀攀 眀愀猀 愀 眀漀漀搀攀渀 洀漀琀琀攀ⴀ愀渀搀ⴀ戀愀椀氀攀礀Ⰰ 戀甀椀氀琀 愀戀漀甀琀ഊ1067, in the middle of what turned out to be a quite marshy and ਀洀漀猀焀甀椀琀漀ⴀ椀渀昀攀猀琀攀搀 愀爀攀愀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 搀椀最爀攀猀猀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 瀀愀爀琀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 挀愀猀琀氀攀 戀攀最愀渀 椀渀ഊ1281 and that the guide told us that the two fireplaces and their ਀挀栀椀洀渀攀礀猀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 漀渀 攀愀挀栀 猀椀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀 栀愀氀氀Ⰰ 眀攀爀攀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊoriginal structure of the castle and not later additions. ਀ഊHe also told us that it is not a good idea to have two fireplaces in ਀漀渀攀 爀漀漀洀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 漀渀 攀愀挀栀 猀椀搀攀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀搀 戀氀漀眀猀 开愀挀爀漀猀猀开 琀栀攀ഊhall, the draft in the downwind fireplace tends to cause the ashes &c ਀椀渀 琀栀攀 开甀瀀眀椀渀搀开 昀椀爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀 琀漀 挀爀漀猀猀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀洀⸀ 圀攀 栀愀搀 琀栀愀琀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀ഊfor us later in the tour. ਀ഊBut either the tour guide was mistaken or at least one castle had ਀昀椀爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀栀椀洀渀攀礀猀 椀渀 ㄀㈀㠀㄀⸀ഊ-- ਀䴀椀欀攀 䄀渀搀爀攀眀猀ऀ⼀ऀ䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 䘀攀渀眀椀挀欀 ऀ䈀愀爀漀渀礀 漀昀 一愀洀爀漀渀Ⰰ 䄀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀ഊmikea at mikea.ath.cx ਀吀椀爀攀搀 漀氀搀 洀甀猀椀挀 䰀愀甀爀攀氀 ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Mary Shafer ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Chimneys ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ 　㐀 䴀愀礀 ㈀　　㐀 ㄀㠀㨀㌀㌀㨀㈀㐀 ⴀ　㜀　　ഊ ਀伀渀 匀愀琀Ⰰ 　㄀ 䴀愀礀 ㈀　　㐀 ㈀㈀㨀㄀㔀㨀㐀㐀 䜀䴀吀Ⰰ 娀攀戀攀攀 䨀漀栀渀猀琀漀渀攀 㰀稀攀戀攀攀 愀琀 稀椀瀀⸀挀漀洀⸀愀甀㸀ഊwrote: ਀㸀 圀栀椀氀攀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 渀漀琀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀⸀⸀⸀ 䤀 挀愀洀攀ഊ> across a factoid that I am not at all sure about. ਀㸀 ഊ> The writer claims that chimneys as such were a 15thC invention, and ਀㸀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 琀栀愀琀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 栀攀愀琀攀搀 瘀椀愀 昀椀爀攀瀀椀琀 愀渀搀 猀洀漀欀攀栀漀氀攀⸀  䄀猀 椀渀ഊ> castles! ਀㸀 ഊ> So... would your donjon building Norman and Angevin have had a big fire ਀㸀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀搀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀氀漀漀爀 愀渀搀 愀 猀洀漀欀攀栀漀氀攀㼀  匀攀攀洀猀 戀氀漀漀搀礀 甀渀氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀漀ഊ> me, especially as it would have to be so in every room in the stone ਀㸀 欀攀攀瀀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀渀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 昀氀漀漀爀猀⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀圀攀氀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 栀愀氀氀猀Ⰰ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀⸀ഊ ਀㸀 匀漀Ⰰ 愀渀礀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 椀渀昀漀 漀渀 琀栀椀猀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 瀀愀猀猀 戀愀挀欀㼀ഊ ਀䤀 欀渀漀眀 愀 瀀氀愀挀攀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 最漀 氀漀漀欀Ⰰ 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀⸀  䈀漀眀攀猀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀Ⰰ 椀渀 䌀漀甀渀琀礀ഊDurham, has a series of "halls" furnished in the style of the nobility ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 昀漀爀 愀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀猀⸀  䄀猀 䤀 爀攀挀愀氀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 爀漀漀洀 栀愀猀ഊthe fire in the middle of the floor, with smoke hole. The web page ਀猀愀礀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀洀猀 最漀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 ㄀㘀琀栀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀㤀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀ഊwould say they didn't have chimneys everywhere in England in the ਀㄀㔀　　猀⸀ഊ ਀䴀愀爀礀ഊ-- ਀䴀愀爀礀 匀栀愀昀攀爀   刀攀琀椀爀攀搀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀ഊmiliff at qnet.com ਀ഊ ਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最猀ⴀ洀猀最ऀ倀愀最攀 ㄀㄀ 漀昀 ㄀㄀ഊ ਊ