G-Peasnt-Dnce-art - 10/8/09 ਀ഊ"16th Century German Peasant Dance from Period Woodcuts - Two Dances from the Beham Brothers" by Viscountess Elisa von Sophey. ਀ഊNote: See also the files: dance-msg, Maypole-Dance-art, The-Pavan-art, Ital-Ren-Dce-art, Germany-msg, Germany-bib, Landsknechts-bib, peasants-msg, fd-Germany-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 眀愀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀琀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 漀爀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 眀椀氀氀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 最椀瘀攀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀 琀礀瀀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 挀栀攀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀椀爀猀琀 漀爀 挀栀攀挀欀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀ⰀഊMark S. Harris...AKA:..Stefan li Rous ਀猀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊ16th Century German Peasant Dance from Period Woodcuts - ਀吀眀漀 䐀愀渀挀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䈀攀栀愀洀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀ഊby Viscountess Elisa von Sophey ਀倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 伀攀爀琀栀愀ഊ ਀刀攀瘀椀猀攀搀 䌀氀愀猀猀 一漀琀攀猀ഊKWDS 2009, Kingdom of Ealdormere ਀ഊWilkommen! ਀ഊI first discovered German woodcuts depicting dance scenes when I was researching Landsknecht costuming for my husband several years ago. Since then I have been on a quest to bring German dance to the SCA. There are many questions still, though I discover a few interesting new woodcuts and drawings each year. I anticipate more dances and better directions in the future. At some point I hope to do a study of upper class and noble dances, when I am able to acquire enough artwork. ਀ഊThere is an ongoing debate in the art community as to whether these woodcuts are allegorical or representative of actual events. I take the point of view that the artists drew what they knew, so the question of allegory is of little importance. Period carnival plays often employed Hahntanzen, or "cock dances", to show the vulgarity and bawdiness of the unbelievers in contrast to the modesty and good character of the believers. It is possible that a similar attempt is made in these woodcuts. ਀ഊBoth of the dances in this presentation are based on woodcuts by brothers Hans Sebald Beham (often referred to as Sebald) and Berthold Beham. Sebald alone produced over 200 woodcuts, mostly on church-related subjects. The Behams recorded several different church holiday celebrations as well. The Peasant Holiday depiction used in this study is one example. Die Zwelf Monet (The Twelve Months) is one of Sebald Beham's better-known works, with individual panels appearing in a variety of website and books. ਀ഊCaveats and General Notes on the Reconstruction or, ਀圀栀礀 䤀 䤀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀攀搀 吀栀愀琀 匀琀攀瀀 吀栀愀琀 圀愀礀ഊ ਠ∀ 吀栀攀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀琀甀搀礀⼀挀氀愀猀猀 椀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀猀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 栀愀氀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䠀漀氀礀 刀漀洀愀渀 䔀洀瀀椀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 欀渀漀眀渀 琀漀搀愀礀 愀猀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀⸀ഊ ਠ∀ 一漀 渀愀洀攀猀 愀爀攀 最椀瘀攀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀猀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 渀愀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀 椀猀 戀攀椀渀最 愀搀漀瀀琀攀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀 渀愀洀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀⸀  ഊ ਠ∀ 䤀琀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀猀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 挀栀漀爀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀猀 漀爀 最爀漀甀瀀猀 漀昀 猀琀攀瀀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 戀攀 搀漀渀攀 椀渀 愀渀礀 猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀⸀  䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀栀漀猀攀渀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀 琀栀攀洀 愀猀 猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀猀 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀爀猀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 椀渀 愀 氀椀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀眀漀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀猀 洀漀爀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 眀椀琀栀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 愀氀漀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀昀椀攀搀 渀愀洀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀渀琀栀猀 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀⸀  䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 瀀愀椀渀琀椀渀最猀 漀昀 瀀攀愀猀愀渀琀猀 搀愀渀挀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 䈀爀甀攀最攀氀 椀渀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀攀爀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀爀猀 愀猀 愀 最爀漀甀瀀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 愀 氀椀渀攀⸀ഊ ਠ∀ 䰀椀欀攀眀椀猀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 猀攀琀 洀甀猀椀挀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 搀愀渀挀攀猀⸀  䤀 愀洀 甀猀椀渀最 琀甀渀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀椀洀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀愀渀稀 漀爀 琀愀渀琀稀 ⠀䜀攀爀洀愀渀 昀漀爀 搀愀渀挀攀⤀ 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 渀愀洀攀猀⸀  ഊ ਠ∀ 吀栀愀琀 猀愀椀搀Ⰰ 䜀攀爀洀愀渀猀 愀爀攀 欀渀漀眀渀 昀漀爀 戀攀椀渀最 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀Ⰰ 洀攀琀栀漀搀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 猀礀洀洀攀琀爀椀挀愀氀⸀  䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 猀甀最最攀猀琀猀 琀栀攀礀 栀愀搀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 爀攀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  刀攀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀愀礀 渀漀琀 戀攀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀氀礀 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 漀戀猀攀爀瘀攀搀⸀  匀琀攀瀀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 愀搀搀攀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀 猀漀 琀漀 猀瀀攀愀欀Ⰰ 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀猀 猀礀洀洀攀琀爀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀洀 昀椀琀 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀 瀀栀爀愀猀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 搀愀渀挀攀 琀甀渀攀猀⸀ഊ ਠ∀ 吀椀洀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀攀瀀猀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀⸀  䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀栀漀猀攀渀 琀漀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀氀礀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀 攀愀挀栀 瀀愀渀攀氀 愀猀 㐀 挀漀甀渀琀猀 猀椀渀挀攀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀 洀甀猀椀挀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 戀攀 椀渀 㐀⼀㐀 琀椀洀攀⸀  吀椀洀椀渀最 眀愀猀 洀漀搀椀昀椀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀爀攀 琀漀 昀椀琀 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀甀渀攀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 猀礀洀洀攀琀爀礀⸀ഊ ਠ∀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 渀漀 欀渀漀眀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀攀瀀猀 漀爀 挀栀漀爀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 搀愀渀挀攀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀椀猀 攀爀愀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 䤀琀愀氀椀愀渀 戀愀氀氀椀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 猀攀渀琀 琀漀 一甀爀渀戀攀爀最 昀爀漀洀 䤀琀愀氀礀 椀渀 ㄀㔀㄀㜀 戀礀 䨀漀栀愀渀渀攀猀 䌀漀挀栀氀甀猀 琀漀 栀椀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀爀 圀椀氀椀戀愀氀搀 倀椀爀挀欀栀攀椀洀攀爀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 愀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ㄀㔀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䤀琀愀氀椀愀渀 搀愀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 搀愀渀挀攀猀⸀  匀攀攀 匀洀椀琀栀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਠ∀ 䄀氀洀愀渀 椀猀 挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀愀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 愀氀洀愀渀猀 愀爀攀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 猀漀洀攀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 搀愀渀挀攀猀⸀  䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 琀攀砀琀 伀爀挀栀攀猀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 戀礀 䄀爀戀攀愀甀Ⰰ ∀䰀✀愀氀氀攀洀愀渀搀攀 攀猀琀 甀渀攀 搀愀渀挀攀 瀀氀愀椀渀攀 搀攀 洀攀搀椀漀挀爀攀 最爀愀瘀椀琀Ⰰ 昀愀洀椀氀椀攀爀攀 愀甀砀 䄀氀氀攀洀愀渀搀猀Ⰰ ☀ 挀爀漀礀 焀甀✀攀氀氀攀 猀漀椀琀 搀攀 渀漀稀 瀀氀甀猀 愀渀挀椀攀渀渀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀爀 渀漀甀猀 猀漀洀洀攀猀 搀攀猀挀攀渀搀甀猀 搀攀猀 䄀氀氀攀洀愀渀搀猀∀  ⠀吀栀攀 愀氀氀攀洀愀渀搀攀 椀猀 愀 搀愀渀挀攀 昀椀氀氀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 洀漀搀攀爀愀琀攀 猀漀氀攀洀渀椀琀礀Ⰰ 眀攀氀氀 欀渀漀眀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 椀琀 椀猀 漀渀攀 漀昀 漀甀爀 洀漀猀琀 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 嬀搀愀渀挀攀猀崀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 眀攀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀挀攀渀搀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀猀⸀⤀  䄀爀戀攀愀甀 最漀攀猀 漀渀 琀漀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 琀栀攀 愀氀氀攀洀愀渀搀攀 愀猀 琀栀爀攀攀 猀琀攀瀀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 戀礀 愀 最爀愀瘀攀 漀爀 瀀椀攀搀 攀渀 氀✀愀椀爀 猀愀渀猀 猀愀甀氀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀栀爀攀攀 猀琀攀瀀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 戀礀 栀愀渀最椀渀最 漀渀攀✀猀 昀漀漀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀椀爀 昀漀爀 愀 挀漀甀渀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 栀漀瀀瀀椀渀最⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀攀瀀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 搀漀甀戀氀攀猀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀 氀攀最 愀猀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 愀琀 愀 㐀㔀ⴀ搀攀最爀攀攀 愀渀最氀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀Ⰰ 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 眀栀愀琀 䄀爀戀攀愀甀 挀愀氀氀猀 愀 最爀愀瘀攀 愀渀搀 眀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀氀礀 挀愀氀氀 愀 最漀漀猀攀猀琀攀瀀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 漀渀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀氀洀愀渀 搀漀甀戀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 伀氀搀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 攀洀戀爀愀挀攀猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 琀栀攀 䴀愀搀愀洀攀 匀漀猀椀氀椀愀 䄀氀洀愀渀⸀ഊ ਠ∀ 䰀椀欀攀眀椀猀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀氀琀攀爀攀氀氀漀 琀攀搀攀猀挀漀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀猀 琀漀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 栀漀瀀瀀椀渀最 猀琀攀瀀Ⰰ 椀猀 眀攀氀氀 欀渀漀眀渀 椀渀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䤀琀愀氀椀愀渀 搀愀渀挀攀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀⸀  吀栀攀 猀愀氀琀攀爀攀氀氀漀 琀攀搀攀猀挀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀 猀愀氀琀攀爀攀氀氀漀 洀愀椀渀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 椀猀 椀渀 㐀 挀漀甀渀琀猀 ⠀洀攀猀甀爀愀 焀甀愀搀攀爀渀愀爀椀愀Ⰰ 㐀⼀㐀⤀ 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㘀 ⠀洀攀猀甀爀愀 猀愀氀琀攀爀攀氀氀漀Ⰰ 㘀⼀㠀⤀⸀  䄀爀戀攀愀甀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀渀 栀椀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀氀氀攀洀愀渀搀攀㨀 ∀䔀琀 焀甀愀渀搀 瘀椀攀渀搀爀愀  氀愀 琀爀漀椀猀椀攀洀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀Ⰰ 瘀漀甀猀 氀愀 搀愀渀挀攀爀攀稀 瀀愀爀 氀愀 洀攀猀洀攀 洀攀猀甀爀攀 戀椀渀愀椀爀攀 瀀氀甀猀 氀攀最椀攀爀攀 ☀ 挀漀渀挀椀琀Ⰰ ☀ 瀀愀爀 氀攀猀 洀攀猀洀攀猀 瀀愀猀Ⰰ 攀渀 礀 愀搀樀漀甀猀琀愀渀琀 搀攀猀 瀀攀琀椀琀猀 猀愀甀氀琀猀 挀漀洀洀攀  氀愀 䌀漀甀爀愀渀琀攀⸀∀ ⠀䄀渀搀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀 瀀愀爀琀 愀爀爀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 搀愀渀挀攀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 爀栀礀琀栀礀洀 嬀戀甀琀崀 洀漀爀攀 猀氀漀眀氀礀 愀渀搀 猀琀愀琀攀氀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 猀琀攀瀀Ⰰ 愀搀搀椀渀最 琀漀 椀琀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 栀漀瀀猀 氀椀欀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䌀漀爀漀渀琀漀⸀⤀  ഊ ਀ഊDie Zwelf Monet (The Twelve Months) ਀䠀愀渀猀 匀攀戀愀氀搀 䈀攀栀愀洀Ⰰ ㄀㔀㐀㘀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀䐀椀攀 娀眀攀氀昀 䴀漀渀攀琀Ⰰ 洀礀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 爀攀挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀㨀ഊ ਀䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀ഊMovement ਀㄀ഊAlman double forward, starting on the left ਀㈀ഊAlman double forward right ਀㌀ഊAlman double forward left ਀㐀ഊAlman double forward right ਀㔀ഊAlman double forward left (possibly kicking?) ਀㘀ഊRaise center arms, and go back-to-back with your partner. Circle clockwise while back-to-back. ਀㜀ഊCircle counterclockwise while back-to-back. ਀㠀ഊDouble forward, ending face-to-face. ਀㤀ഊ? Is the dancer left-handed (since his sword is on his right hip)? ਀㄀　ഊDouble forward ਀㄀㄀ഊDouble forward (possibly kicking?) ਀㄀㈀ഊDouble forward (possibly kicking?) ਀ഊDie Zwelf Monet, revised: ਀ഊSection A ਀㄀㘀 挀漀甀渀琀猀ഊ4 alman doubles forward ਀ഊ ਀ഊSection B ਀㠀 挀漀甀渀琀猀ഊ2 alman doubles forward ਀ഊ8 counts ਀䌀氀漀挀欀眀椀猀攀 挀椀爀挀氀攀 戀愀挀欀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ戀愀挀欀Ⰰ 氀愀搀椀攀猀 氀攀愀搀ഊ ਀㠀 挀漀甀渀琀猀 ഊ2 alman doubles forward ਀ഊ8 counts ਀䌀漀甀渀琀攀爀挀氀漀挀欀眀椀猀攀 挀椀爀挀氀攀 戀愀挀欀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ戀愀挀欀Ⰰ 洀攀渀 氀攀愀搀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 䌀ഊ8 counts ਀㈀ 愀氀洀愀渀 搀漀甀戀氀攀猀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀Ⰰ 琀甀爀渀 琀漀 昀愀挀攀ഊ ਀㐀 挀漀甀渀琀猀ഊMen guide ladies (ladies back up) ਀ഊ4 counts ਀䰀愀搀椀攀猀 最甀椀搀攀 洀攀渀 ⠀洀攀渀 戀愀挀欀 甀瀀⤀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 䐀ഊ16 counts ਀㐀 猀愀氀琀攀爀攀氀氀椀 琀攀搀攀猀挀椀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀䴀甀猀椀挀㨀ഊTantz ਀⠀戀礀 嘀⸀ 䠀愀甀猀猀洀愀渀渀⤀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ऀ䘀椀最甀爀攀猀 ㄀ 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 㐀 ⠀䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䄀瀀爀椀氀⤀ 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀椀渀最 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 椀渀挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀挀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀⸀  䘀椀最甀爀攀猀 ㄀ 愀渀搀 ㈀ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 猀栀漀眀 氀攀最猀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 爀攀洀椀渀椀猀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀漀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀甀爀琀栀 挀漀甀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀氀洀愀渀 猀琀攀瀀 挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀 搀漀渀攀 椀渀 爀攀挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䤀渀渀猀 漀昀 䌀漀甀爀琀⼀伀氀搀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀⸀  䘀椀最甀爀攀 ㈀ 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 戀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀 攀渀攀爀最攀琀椀挀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 栀椀最栀 栀愀渀搀栀漀氀搀 愀琀 渀漀猀攀 氀攀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀爀洀猀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀 愀栀攀愀搀⸀  吀栀椀猀 栀椀最栀 栀愀渀搀栀漀氀搀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 琀椀洀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀猀⸀ ഊ ਀ഊ ਀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 㘀 愀渀搀 㜀 ⠀䨀甀渀攀 愀渀搀 䨀甀氀礀⤀ 漀昀 吀栀攀 吀眀攀氀瘀攀 䴀漀渀琀栀猀Ⰰ 猀栀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀愀挀欀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ戀愀挀欀 昀椀最甀爀攀猀⸀  一漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀爀猀 椀渀 㜀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 昀漀漀琀 漀爀 椀渀 爀栀礀琀栀洀 眀椀琀栀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀漀猀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀氀漀眀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀氀漀琀栀椀渀最 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 挀氀漀挀欀眀椀猀攀 洀漀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 瀀愀渀攀氀 㘀⸀  吀栀攀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 栀愀渀搀 椀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 樀漀椀渀攀搀Ⰰ 猀甀最最攀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 氀愀搀礀 椀猀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最⸀  䤀渀 琀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀愀渀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀椀渀最 琀漀 氀攀愀搀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 眀漀爀欀 眀攀氀氀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 猀漀洀攀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 昀爀漀洀 渀漀渀ⴀ搀愀渀挀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 眀漀洀攀渀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 洀漀爀攀 眀椀氀氀椀渀最 ⠀漀爀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀琀 洀漀爀攀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀⤀ 琀漀 琀愀欀攀 氀攀愀搀 爀漀氀攀猀 琀栀愀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ഊ ਀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀 洀礀猀琀攀爀椀漀甀猀 昀椀最甀爀攀 㤀 ⠀氀攀昀琀Ⰰ 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀⤀⸀ ഊ ਀䠀攀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 戀攀 猀琀攀瀀瀀椀渀最 漀爀 欀椀挀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀 眀栀椀氀攀 猀栀攀 椀猀 猀琀攀瀀瀀椀渀最 戀愀挀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 昀漀漀琀 漀爀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀瀀瀀漀猀椀琀攀 昀漀漀琀⸀  䤀 栀愀瘀攀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 愀猀 琀栀攀 最攀渀琀氀攀洀愀渀 最甀椀搀椀渀最 漀爀 瀀甀猀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀愀搀礀 戀愀挀欀眀愀爀搀猀⸀ ഊ ਀一漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 栀愀渀搀猀 愀爀攀 樀漀椀渀攀搀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 栀愀渀搀猀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 椀猀 氀攀昀琀ⴀ栀愀渀搀攀搀 猀椀渀挀攀 栀椀猀 猀眀漀爀搀 椀猀 漀渀 栀椀猀 爀椀最栀琀 栀椀瀀 愀渀搀 栀攀 栀愀猀 栀椀猀 搀愀最最攀爀 漀渀 栀椀猀 氀攀昀琀 栀椀瀀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀瘀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀搀 栀漀眀 栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀搀㼀  䄀爀戀攀愀甀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 最椀瘀攀 愀 氀攀昀琀ⴀ栀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 爀椀最栀琀ⴀ栀愀渀搀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䰀愀嘀漀氀琀愀⸀  䄀渀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀攀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀椀猀琀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 爀攀甀猀攀搀 愀渀 椀洀愀最攀 戀礀 猀琀愀洀瀀椀渀最 椀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最 椀琀 椀渀 爀攀瘀攀爀猀攀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 䈀攀栀愀洀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀 挀漀瀀椀攀搀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀猀✀ 眀漀爀欀猀 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀渀渀攀爀⸀  吀栀攀 椀洀愀最攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 椀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 ㄀㘀ⴀ瀀愀渀攀氀 搀愀渀挀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀 搀愀琀攀搀 ㄀㔀㌀㜀Ⰰ 㤀 礀攀愀爀猀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 䐀椀攀 娀眀攀氀昀 䴀漀渀攀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 戀礀 匀攀戀愀氀搀 䈀攀栀愀洀⸀ഊ ਀ ഊ ਀䘀椀最甀爀攀猀 ㄀　 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 ㄀㈀ ⠀伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀⤀ 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀最愀椀渀⸀  䘀椀最甀爀攀猀 ㄀㄀ 愀渀搀 ㄀㈀ 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀攀 欀渀攀攀 洀漀爀攀 戀攀渀琀 琀栀愀渀 昀椀最甀爀攀猀 ㄀ 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 㐀Ⰰ 猀甀最最攀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 愀 猀琀攀瀀 洀漀爀攀 氀椀欀攀 䄀爀戀攀愀甀✀猀 琀栀爀攀攀 猀琀攀瀀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 戀礀 愀 瀀椀攀搀 攀渀 氀✀愀椀爀 猀愀渀猀 猀愀甀氀琀 漀爀 琀栀攀 䤀琀愀氀椀愀渀 猀愀氀琀攀爀攀氀氀漀 琀攀搀攀猀挀漀⸀ഊ ਀䘀椀最甀爀攀 ㄀㈀ 椀猀 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最⸀  吀栀攀 洀愀渀 椀猀 眀攀愀爀椀渀最 愀 氀愀甀爀攀氀 眀爀攀愀琀栀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀甀最最攀猀琀猀 瘀椀爀最椀渀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 ㄀㔀㈀㈀ 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀 ⠀戀攀氀漀眀Ⰰ 琀漀瀀 氀攀昀琀⤀ 戀礀 匀攀戀愀氀搀 䈀攀栀愀洀 搀攀瀀椀挀琀椀渀最 愀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 眀攀搀搀椀渀最 挀攀氀攀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 戀爀椀搀攀 眀攀愀爀猀 琀栀攀 氀愀甀爀攀氀 愀渀搀 昀氀漀眀攀爀  眀爀攀愀琀栀⸀ 吀栀攀 䌀栀甀爀挀栀 䠀漀氀椀搀愀礀 愀琀 䴀漀最攀氀猀搀漀爀昀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 猀栀漀眀猀 琀栀爀攀攀 昀椀最甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 琀眀漀 眀漀洀攀渀 愀渀搀 漀渀攀 洀愀渀Ⰰ 眀攀愀爀椀渀最 眀爀攀愀琀栀猀 ⠀琀漀瀀 挀攀渀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 爀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 ㈀ 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 瀀爀椀渀琀椀渀最猀⤀⸀ 䰀椀欀攀眀椀猀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀漀攀洀 琀栀愀琀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀攀猀 琀栀攀 一愀稀攀渀琀愀渀稀 ⠀一漀猀攀 䐀愀渀挀攀⤀ 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀 琀攀氀氀猀 甀猀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀稀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀猀琀 渀漀猀攀 挀漀渀琀攀猀琀 眀愀猀 愀 氀愀甀爀攀氀 眀爀攀愀琀栀Ⰰ 椀洀瀀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 渀漀猀攀 洀椀最栀琀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀 栀椀洀 漀爀 栀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 猀攀砀甀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀 椀渀 昀椀最甀爀攀 ㄀㈀ 椀猀 瘀漀洀椀琀椀渀最⸀  匀栀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 洀愀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀漀洀攀漀渀攀 椀渀 挀氀漀猀攀 瀀爀漀砀椀洀椀琀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀椀渀最Ⰰ 瘀漀洀椀琀椀渀最 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀爀愀椀琀⸀  吀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀最甀爀攀 㤀 愀氀猀漀 猀栀漀眀猀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 洀愀渀 椀渀 愀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀⸀  䤀渀 琀栀攀 倀攀愀猀愀渀琀 䠀漀氀椀搀愀礀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀椀最甀爀攀 椀渀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 樀甀猀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀椀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀爀猀 ⠀戀漀琀琀漀洀 氀攀昀琀⤀⸀  䤀琀 琀栀攀 䌀栀甀爀挀栀 䠀漀氀椀搀愀礀 愀琀 䴀漀最攀氀猀搀漀爀昀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀Ⰰ 栀攀 椀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 昀椀最甀爀攀猀 昀愀挀攀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 栀攀 椀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 戀攀栀椀渀搀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀攀爀猀 ⠀戀漀琀琀漀洀 爀椀最栀琀⤀⸀  夀漀甀 挀愀渀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀愀最瀀椀瀀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 甀瀀瀀攀爀 爀椀最栀琀ⴀ栀愀渀搀 挀漀爀渀攀爀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀挀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀⸀ഊ ਀  ഊ ਀ ഊ ਀伀氀搀 倀攀愀猀愀渀琀 䠀漀氀椀搀愀礀ഊBarthel Beham, prior to 1535 ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊTop: There is no date on this stamping, but the source indicates it may have been made in period. Numbers to correspond to the figures are superimposed on this one since they stand out more. Bottom: A more modern stamping from the same wood blocks. The blacker ink makes the images easier to see. ਀伀氀搀 倀攀愀猀愀渀琀 䠀漀氀椀搀愀礀Ⰰ 洀礀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 爀攀挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀㨀ഊ ਀䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀ഊMovement ਀㄀ഊReverence (Arbeau-style), facing your partner and holding both hands ਀㈀ഊDouble forward ਀㌀ഊFull circle counterclockwise ਀㐀ഊFinish the circle ਀㔀ഊDouble forward ਀㘀ഊEmbrace ਀㜀ഊKicks? ਀㠀ഊDouble forward, raising center arms; may also be a spin-under ਀㤀ഊDouble forward ਀㄀　ഊEmbrace ਀ഊOld Peasant Holiday, revised: ਀ഊSection A ਀㠀 挀漀甀渀琀猀ഊ2 alman doubles forward ਀ഊ ਀ഊSection B ਀㠀 挀漀甀渀琀猀ഊCircle counterclockwise ਀ഊ ਀ഊSection C ਀㠀 挀漀甀渀琀猀ഊ2 salterelli tedesci forward, starting on the left foot ਀ഊ4 counts ਀䔀洀戀爀愀挀攀ഊ ਀㠀 挀漀甀渀琀猀ഊ2 salterelli tedesci forward, starting on the right foot ਀ഊ4 counts ਀䔀洀戀爀愀挀攀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀䴀甀猀椀挀㨀ഊTantz Du hast mich wollen nemmen ਀⠀䄀渀漀渀礀洀漀甀猀⤀ഊ ਀一漀琀攀㨀 䤀 甀猀攀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 ㈀　　　 爀攀氀攀愀猀攀 漀昀 䐀愀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀攀渀愀椀猀猀愀渀挀攀  昀爀漀洀 䐀攀甀琀猀挀栀攀 䜀爀愀洀洀漀瀀栀漀渀⼀倀愀渀漀爀愀洀愀⸀  吀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 眀愀猀 爀攀氀攀愀猀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㘀　⸀  吀栀椀猀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 最漀攀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 洀甀猀椀挀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 挀栀漀爀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 漀渀氀礀 漀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 最漀攀猀 琀漀 眀栀愀琀 猀漀甀渀搀猀 氀椀欀攀 愀 猀愀氀琀攀爀攀氀氀漀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀唀渀昀漀爀琀甀渀愀琀攀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 椀洀愀最攀猀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 瘀攀爀礀 栀椀最栀 䐀倀䤀 猀漀 䤀 愀洀 甀渀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 攀渀氀愀爀最攀 琀栀攀 昀椀最甀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 瘀椀攀眀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 琀漀漀 最爀愀椀渀礀 琀漀 猀攀攀 挀氀攀愀爀氀礀⸀ഊ ਀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀攀爀挀氀漀挀欀眀椀猀攀 琀甀爀渀 椀渀 昀椀最甀爀攀 ㌀ 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 搀攀瀀椀挀琀椀漀渀 ⠀氀攀昀琀⤀ 猀栀漀眀猀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 愀爀洀猀ⴀ漀甀琀 猀琀愀渀挀攀 愀猀 椀渀 䐀椀攀 娀眀攀氀昀 䴀漀渀攀琀 ⠀挀攀渀琀攀爀⤀⸀  吀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 爀攀愀氀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 昀漀漀琀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 搀攀瀀椀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  一漀琀攀 琀栀攀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀椀琀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀 昀爀漀洀 䄀氀戀爀攀挀栀琀 䐀ﰀ爀攀爀Ⰰ 搀愀琀攀搀 ㄀㔀㄀㐀 ⠀爀椀最栀琀⤀⸀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀䘀椀最甀爀攀 㠀 ⠀氀攀昀琀⤀ 猀栀漀眀猀 愀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 栀椀最栀 栀愀渀搀栀漀氀搀 愀猀 琀栀椀猀 ㄀㔀㈀㔀 搀爀愀眀椀渀最 戀礀 唀爀猀 䜀爀愀昀 ⠀挀攀渀琀攀爀⤀⸀  圀栀攀渀 䠀愀渀猀 匀攀戀愀氀搀 䈀攀栀愀洀 ⠀䈀攀爀琀栀漀氀搀✀猀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀⤀ 挀漀瀀椀攀搀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 椀渀 ㄀㔀㌀㔀Ⰰ 栀攀 爀攀瘀攀爀猀攀搀 椀琀 愀渀搀 洀愀搀攀 愀 昀攀眀 洀漀搀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  伀渀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 椀猀 匀攀戀愀氀搀✀猀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀最甀爀攀㬀 渀漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀爀洀猀 愀爀攀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 栀攀氀搀 栀椀最栀⸀  吀栀攀礀 愀氀猀漀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 欀椀挀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 昀攀攀琀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 洀愀琀挀栀攀猀 䜀爀愀昀✀猀 搀爀愀眀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀  ഊ ਀吀栀攀 攀洀戀爀愀挀攀 椀渀 昀椀最甀爀攀 㘀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 ⠀氀攀昀琀⤀ 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 愀 氀椀昀琀 椀渀 匀攀戀愀氀搀✀猀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 ⠀挀攀渀琀攀爀⤀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 琀栀椀爀搀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀漀搀挀甀琀Ⰰ 甀渀搀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 猀漀洀攀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀 琀漀 䨀漀栀愀渀渀 吀栀攀漀搀漀爀 搀攀 䈀爀礀猀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀渀 琀栀漀甀最栀 椀琀 戀攀愀爀猀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀 洀愀爀欀 漀昀 䠀愀渀猀 匀攀戀愀氀搀 䈀攀栀愀洀⸀  䈀爀礀猀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀猀 琀栀攀 氀椀昀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀最甀爀攀 ⠀爀椀最栀琀⤀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 愀氀氀 戀甀琀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ栀攀愀搀 栀愀渀搀栀漀氀搀猀 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀ⴀ椀渀ⴀ昀爀漀渀琀 栀愀渀搀栀漀氀搀猀⸀ഊ ਀䄀挀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀洀攀渀琀猀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀 琀漀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 樀漀椀渀攀搀 洀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀攀猀琀 猀攀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀琀 倀攀渀渀猀椀挀 椀渀 ㈀　　㠀 愀猀 眀攀 琀爀椀攀搀 漀甀琀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 愀琀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 挀氀愀猀猀 愀琀 䬀圀䐀匀 椀渀 ㈀　　㤀 眀栀攀爀攀 礀攀琀 洀漀爀攀 爀攀瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 琀漀漀欀 瀀氀愀挀攀⸀  吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀 愀氀猀漀 琀漀 䜀爀攀最漀爀礀 䈀氀漀甀渀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀椀挀 渀甀搀最椀渀最Ⰰ 猀甀最最攀猀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀漀 氀漀漀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀搀攀愀猀 漀渀 洀甀猀椀挀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 洀礀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 䬀愀爀氀 䠀攀氀眀攀最Ⰰ 眀栀漀 栀愀猀 瀀愀琀椀攀渀琀氀礀 氀椀猀琀攀渀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀氀礀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 漀渀最漀椀渀最 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀  ഊ ਀䈀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀ഊ ਀䄀爀戀攀愀甀Ⰰ 吀⸀ ⠀㄀㔀㠀㤀⤀⸀ 伀爀挀栀攀猀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 ⠀㄀㤀㘀㜀 攀搀⸀⤀⸀ ⠀䴀⸀ 匀⸀ 䔀瘀愀渀猀Ⰰ 吀爀愀渀猀⸀⤀ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䐀漀瘀攀爀 倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 䤀渀挀⸀ഊ ਀䜀爀愀渀攀爀Ⰰ 一⸀ ⠀渀⸀搀⸀⤀⸀ 刀攀琀爀椀攀瘀攀搀 䨀甀氀礀 ㈀　　㤀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 伀爀挀栀攀猀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀最爀愀渀攀爀⸀渀攀琀⼀渀椀挀漀氀愀猀⼀愀爀戀攀愀甀⼀  ⠀吀栀椀猀 眀攀戀猀椀琀攀 椀猀 愀 琀爀愀渀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䄀爀戀攀愀甀✀猀 伀爀挀栀攀猀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀⸀ 䐀椀最椀琀愀氀 椀洀愀最攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀最攀猀 漀昀 愀渀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 挀漀瀀礀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 戀礀 猀攀愀爀挀栀椀渀最 昀漀爀 伀爀挀栀攀猀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀 愀琀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀洀攀洀漀爀礀⸀氀漀挀⸀最漀瘀⸀⤀ഊ ਀䬀甀渀猀琀洀甀猀攀甀洀 䈀愀猀攀氀⸀ ⠀㈀　　㤀⤀⸀ 䜀爀愀昀Ⰰ 唀爀猀⸀ 刀攀琀爀椀攀瘀攀搀 䴀愀爀挀栀 ㄀㜀Ⰰ ㈀　　㤀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 䬀甀渀猀琀洀甀猀攀甀洀 䈀愀猀攀氀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀欀甀渀猀琀洀甀猀攀甀洀戀愀猀攀氀⸀挀栀⼀搀攀⼀挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⼀瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀ⴀ挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⼀攀瀀漀挀栀攀渀⼀㄀㔀ⴀ㄀㘀ⴀ樀愀栀爀栀甀渀搀攀爀琀⼀最爀愀昀ⴀ甀爀猀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀䴀漀砀攀礀Ⰰ 䬀⸀ ⠀㄀㤀㠀㤀⤀⸀ 倀攀愀猀愀渀琀猀 圀愀爀爀椀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 圀椀瘀攀猀㨀 倀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 䤀洀愀最攀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 刀攀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䌀栀椀挀愀最漀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀栀椀挀愀最漀 倀爀攀猀猀⸀ഊ ਀刀漀琀琀椀渀最攀爀Ⰰ 䠀⸀ ⠀㄀㤀㈀㄀⤀⸀ 䐀椀攀 䠀漀氀稀猀挀栀渀椀琀琀攀 䈀愀爀琀栀攀氀 䈀攀栀愀洀猀㨀 䴀椀琀 ㈀㐀 愀戀戀椀氀搀甀渀最攀渀 愀甀昀 ㈀㄀ 吀愀昀攀氀渀⸀ 匀琀爀愀猀猀戀甀爀最㨀 䨀⸀ 䠀⸀ 䔀搀⸀ 䠀攀椀琀稀⸀ഊ ਀匀挀栀攀爀攀爀Ⰰ 嘀⸀ ⠀渀⸀搀⸀⤀⸀ 䐀甀爀攀爀㨀 䐀攀猀 䴀攀椀猀琀攀爀猀 䜀攀洀愀氀搀攀 䬀甀瀀昀攀爀猀琀椀挀栀攀 甀渀搀 䠀漀氀稀猀挀栀渀椀琀琀攀 椀渀 㐀㜀㌀ 䄀戀戀椀氀搀甀渀最攀渀⸀ 匀琀甀琀琀最愀爀琀㨀 䐀攀甀琀猀挀栀攀 嘀攀爀氀愀最猀ⴀ䄀渀猀琀愀氀琀⸀ഊ ਀匀攀戀愀氀搀 䈀攀栀愀洀⸀ ⠀渀⸀搀⸀⤀⸀ 刀攀琀爀椀攀瘀攀搀 䴀愀爀挀栀 ㈀㔀Ⰰ ㈀　　㤀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䜀愀氀氀攀爀礀 漀昀 䄀爀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀最愀⸀最漀瘀⼀挀最椀ⴀ戀椀渀⼀琀猀攀愀爀挀栀㼀漀氀搀愀爀琀椀猀琀椀搀㴀㈀　　㌀㄀　ഊ ਀匀洀椀琀栀Ⰰ 䄀⸀ 圀⸀ ⠀㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀⸀ 䘀椀昀琀攀攀渀琀栀ⴀ䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䐀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 䴀甀猀椀挀㨀 吀眀攀氀瘀攀 吀爀愀渀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 䤀琀愀氀椀愀渀 吀爀攀愀琀椀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 吀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䐀漀洀椀渀椀挀漀 搀愀 倀椀愀挀攀渀稀愀 ⠀䐀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 䴀甀猀椀挀 匀攀爀椀攀猀 一漀⸀ 㐀 攀搀⸀Ⰰ 嘀漀氀⸀ 䤀䤀㨀 䌀栀漀爀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 䐀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 䌀漀渀挀漀爀搀愀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 嘀愀爀椀愀渀琀猀⤀⸀ 匀琀甀礀瘀攀猀愀渀琀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 倀攀渀搀爀愀最漀渀 倀爀攀猀猀⸀ഊ------ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 ㈀　　㤀 戀礀 䰀椀猀愀 䴀愀爀砀⸀ 㰀猀栀甀猀洀愀爀砀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀⸀ 倀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 挀爀攀搀椀琀攀搀⸀  䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 渀漀琀椀昀椀攀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀昀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀猀 愀 挀漀瀀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀猀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀 攀洀愀椀氀 琀漀 洀礀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 琀爀愀挀欀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀愀渀欀猀⸀ ⴀ匀琀攀昀愀渀⸀ഊ ਀㰀琀栀攀 攀渀搀㸀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊEdited by Mark S. 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