Saxon-England-lnks - 2/4/04

Web links to info on Saxon England by Dame Aoife Finn of Ynos Mon.

NOTE: See also the files: England-msg, Anglo-Saxons-msg, AS-jewelry-art, fd-Anglo-Saxn-msg, Leicester-art, London-msg, cl-Rom-Brit-art, cl-Anglo-Saxn-msg.

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NOTICE -

This file is a collection of various messages having a common theme that I have collected from my reading of the various computer networks. Some messages date back to 1989, some may be as recent as yesterday.

This file is part of a collection of files called Stefan's Florilegium. These files are available on the Internet at: http://www.florilegium.org

I have done a limited amount of editing. Messages having to do with separate topics were sometimes split into different files and sometimes extraneous information was removed. For instance, the message IDs were removed to save space and remove clutter.

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Thank you,
    Mark S. Harris                  AKA:  THLord Stefan li Rous
                                          Stefan at florilegium.org
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From: "Lis" <liontamr at ptd.net>
Date: Wed May 28, 2003  9:33:11 AM US/Central
To: "Stefan li Rous" <StefanliRous at austin.rr.com> 
Subject: Links: Saxon England

Hwæt! Wes tu, cynn, Hal!
This, my readers, in my undoubtedly mangled attempt to write Old English,
means roughly "Hear Me! I bid you, my kindred, Hail!"

This is one of the many skills you can pick up by reading this week's links
list (heck, I can say this much after only 5 minutes perusal of the
site"Hwæt "). Perhaps you'd like to learn Old English, Dress like a Saxon,
cook like a Saxon, replicate the calligraphy in Beowulf's only survivng
manuscript, or learn about their artifacts. This week, it's all about Saxons
(and Angles, Jutes and Frissians by association), and it's all fascinating.

Please share this list wherever it is likely to find a ready readership.
AND, if you appreciate myattempts to put some of my finds in context with
the rest of culture, let me know! Got suggestions for future Links Lists?
Ditto.

Cheers

Aoife
liontamr at ptd.net
Dame Aoife Finn of Ynos Mon
Riverouge, Aethelmearc

Beowulf
http://www.lone-star.net/literatue/beowulf/
(Site excerpt) Beowulf , written in Old English sometime before the tenth
century A.D., describes the adventures of a great Scandinavian warrior of
the sixth century. A rich fabric of fact and fancy, Beowulf is the oldest
surviving epic in Britsh literature. Beowulf exists in only one manuscript.
This copy survived both the wholesale destruction of religious artifacts
during the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII and a disastrous
fire which destroyed the library of Sir Robert Bruce Coton (1571-1631).
(note: Facsimile of an original page included. Also included: Link to the
Beowulf Bookstore).

The Electronic Beowulf (CD ROMs with entire facsimile text)
http://www.press.umich.edu/titles/00260.html
(Site Excerpt) The great Old English pem, Beowulf, survives in a single
manuscript that was badly damaged by fire in 1731, and further deteriorated
before it was rebound in 1845. Some sections are now preserved only in the
two eighteenth-century transcripts by the Icelander Grímur Jónsson Thokelin
and his hired scribe. Making innovative use of a digital camera, ultraviolet
fluorescence, and fiber-optic backlighting, Kevin Kiernan has assembled an
archive of digital images that provides not only high-quality facsimiles of
what is readily visibe in the manuscript, but also of hundreds of letters
and parts of letters hidden by the nineteenth-century restoration binding.
Joining modern technology with knowledge of the poem in its manuscript
context, Kiernan significantly advances our understandin of the manuscript
and offers important new information about this major literary work.

ORB Anglo-Saxon England: A Guide to Online Resources
Section Editor: Brad Bedingfield, Tokyo Metropolitan University
http://orb.rhodes.edu/encyclop/early/pre1000/ASinex.html
(Site Excerpt) Introduction by Stuart Lee, Oxford University Computing
Services
This section of the On-Line Reference Book for Medieval Studies concentrates
on the period of English history dating from the mid-fifth century to the
mid-eleventh cenury. As with all dating in the medieval period these
chronological boundaries are open to question. The starting date represents
the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon invasions, i.e. the invasion/migration of
the tribes termed the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes fro the northern part of
modern Germany to the island of Britain. Similarly, the end-date of the
mid-eleventh century centres on the Battle of Hastings (14th October, 1066)
which saw the defeat of Harold Godwineson, the last Saxon king, at the hands
of Willim the Conqueror thus transferring control of England to the
Normans.

Saint Bede the Venerable 673-735
http://www.ehsbr.org/faculty/houghtonj/medstud/bede.htm
(Site Excerpt) Such scant information as we have on the life of St. Bede the
Venerable comes fro two principal sources: an autobiographical note
appended to his Ecclesiastical History of the English People and a
description of his death, contained in a letter from his student Cuthbert
(afterwards Abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow) to an otherwise unknow lector
named Cuthwine.

Bede's World: The Museum of Early Medieval Northumbria at Jarrow.
http://www.bedesworld.co.uk/
(Site Excerpt) The extraordinary life of the Venerable Bede (AD 673-735)
created a rich legacy that is celebrated today at Bede's World Jarrow,
where Bede lived and worked 1300 years ago. Visit the:
*interactive Age of Bede exhibition in the stunning new museum building
*site of the Anglo-Saxon monastery of St Paul, and medieval monastic ruins
*herb garden
*rare breeds of animals and receated timber buildings on Gyrwe, the
Anglo-Saxon demonstration farm
*attractive café within historic Jarrow Hall
*museum gift and book shop

K E M B L E: THE WEBSITE OF THE  BRITISH ACADEMY / ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY
JOINT COMMITTEE ON ANGLO-SAXON CHARTER
http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/chartwww/
(Site Excerpt) KEMBLE named after John Mitchell Kemble (1807-57), of Trinity
College, Cambridge, editor and translator of Beowulf (1833, 1837), editor of
the Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici (1839-48), author of The  Sxons in
England (1849), and author of Horae Ferales (1863).....The term 'Anglo-Saxon
charter' covers a multitude of documents ranging in kind from the royal
diplomas issued in the names of Anglo-Saxon kings between the last quarter
of the seventh century nd the Norman Conquest, which are generally in
Latin, to the wills of prominent churchmen, laymen, and women, which are
generally in the vernacular. A large proportion of the surviving corpus of
charters is made up of records of grants of land or privilegs by a king to
a religious house, or to a lay beneficiary. The corpus also includes records
of settlements of disputes over land or privileges, leases of episcopal
property, and records of bequests of land and other property.

The Voyage of Ohthere
first ection edited and translated by Grant Chevallier
http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/engl401/texts/ohthfram.htm
A side-by-side translation of the work, with linked Anglo-Saxon dictionary
to each word in early-medieval English. There is also an audio functin
which I was not able to make work on my computer (Windows Media). An
excellent source, though I cannot judge the quality of the translation.

Hwæt! (A Course in Old English pronunciation)
http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/ballc/hwaet/hwaet06.html (Clickthe
Contents link)
(Site Excerpt from Forward) Hwæt! This is the first word of Beowulf, where
translators render it variously as Lo, Listen, Hear me, and Yes. There is in
fact no translation equivalent in Modern English, and using a dictionary
isn't much elp. To understand this word, you must see how it is used in a
number of contexts: i.e., in Old English texts. It is the premise of the
present book that all words in another language ought to be learned in
context, and that they can be learned in this wa.  Hwæt! (the electronic
book) is designed for those who would like to learn some basic Old English
without having to hold a grammar book in one hand and a dictionary in the
other. It is based on the notion that at least some aspects of the language
can b acquired simply by reading. Of course, you can't sit down and read a
difficult text like Beowulf without any pre-existing knowledge of Old
English: but using your knowledge of Modern English and how the world is,
you can read a number of samples from OldEnglish texts. In the process of
reading, your brain will figure out how Old English works.

Labrynth Library: Old English Literature
http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/library/oe/oe.html
Listed at this page are 25 texts presented as close to their origial as is
possible. Included are poetry, prose, a section on Runic text (under
development) and Litergical documents.

West Stowe Anglo-Saxon Village
http://www.stedmunds.co.uk/lifestyle/wstow/village.html
(Site Excerpt) Archaeology has provided most of th information we have, and
the West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village Trust has attempted to explore some of the
problems raised by practical experiment in the form of reconstructions. The
first of these were carried out by a group of Cambridge students, but the
wok has been continued by West Stow staff. Each reconstruction tests
different ideas. Wherever possible, tools and techniques available to the
Anglo-Saxons have been used. Oak timbers and planks have been shaped by
hand, mainly using axes. The thatch for th roofs is tied on, as there is no
evidence for metal fixings at West Stow.

Angelcynn: Anglo-Saxon Living History 400-900 AD
http://www.angelcynn.org.uk/
(Site Excerpt) "449 In this year Mauricius and Valentinian obtained the
Kingdom and reigned seven yeas. In their days Hengest and Horsa, invited by
Vortigern, King of the Britons, came to Britain at a place called Ebbsfleet
at first to help the Britons, but later they fought against them. The king
ordered them to fight against the Picts, and so they did nd had victory
wherever they came. They then sent to Angeln; ordered them to send them more
aid and to be told of the worthlessness of the Britons and of the excellence
of the land. They sent them more aid. These men came from three nations of
Germany: frm the Old Saxons, from the Angles, from the Jutes."
So wrote a monk in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles many centuries ago. The fifth
to ninth centuries were some of the most turbulent of British history. This
was the time when England was born, the time of Henest and Horsa, King
Arthur, Beowulf, Redwald of Sutton Hoo, St. Augustine, King Offa, King
Alfred, the Viking Invasions and the foundation of the English church.

Anglo-Saxon Cemetaries
http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Archaeology/resources/Anglo-Saxon/cemeterie/index.html
(Site Excerpt) This site contains pointers to a series of resources and
datasets relating to early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries. My PhD research involved
an analysis of social aspects of burial, and as part of this work an early
Anglo-Saxon cemeteris database was assembled, consisting primarily of
cemeteries from central and central southern England.

Germanic History and Culture
http://www.anglo-saxon.demon.co.uk/lyfja/ghp/history.html
(Site Excerpt) This page offers a collection of links which expore the
history and cultures of various Germanic peoples from ancient heathen times
through the middle ages.

ANGLO-SAXON WOMEN: MORE THAN "FRITHUWEBBAS" By Cathy Coone-McRary
http://parallel.park.uga.edu/~abruce/mathi3.html#women
(Site Excerpt) In the med-hall, gold-adorned Wealhtheow dispenses ale to
Hrothgar's warriors and pleads for Beowulf's kindness to her sons. By the
funeral pyre, despondent Hildeburh laments the loss of her son, brother, and
husband in battle and is returned, weeping, to her peope. Such is the
presentation of women in the great Anglo-Saxon work Beowulf; thanks to this
and other Old English works, we have been led to believe that women in
Anglo-Saxon times were helpless creatures struggling to survive in a
male-dominated society. t is erroneous, however, to think that Anglo-Saxon
women had no rights. In fact, women enjoyed many benefits under the sanction
of Anglo-Saxon law; they were not simply the tragic, powerless
"peaceweavers" found in Old English literature.

The Anglo-SaxonInvasion of Britain
http://www.angelcynn.org.uk/history_invasion.html
(Site Excerpt) This account of the migrations from Germany, following the
collapse of the Roman Empire, is taken from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, and
is how the later Anglo-Saxons saw te first arrival of their people. Since
then, until quite recently, it has remained the accepted view of what
happened. However, recent researches have shown it to be wrong in almost
every detail It is even uncertain whether Hengest andHorsa existed, or
whther they were actually the same person! #1 Although Hengest may have
been the first Germanic chieftain of Kent, he was probably no more than a
warlord. The first Germanic king was probably his son Oisc, giving the
Kentish royal house the name of the 'Oisingas'. Whilst it may be true that
a British king (who may or may not have been called Vortigern) employed
Germanic mercenaries to aid him in his battles against the Picts (or perhaps
just another British king), it would certainly not be the first instanc of
Germanic settlers in this country.

Ða Engliscan Gesiþas...
http://www.kami.demon.co.uk/gesithas/index.html
(Site Excerpt) Ða Engliscan Gesiþas is the only major historical society
devoted to the study of the Anglo-Saxon period. All aspects are covere,
including language and literature, archaeology, anthropology, architecture,
art, religion, mythology, folklore and material culture. Ða Engliscan
Gesiþas is Old English for 'The English Companions'.
It is pronounced approximately 'Tha Englishan yeseetha'

Readings of Old English Poetry
http://www.kami.demon.co.uk/gesithas/readings/readings.html
(Site Excerpt) Old English poetry was meant to be declaimed aloud before an
audience, the poet, or Scop, being both a creative and a performing artist.
Accompanid by harp he would entertain the guests of his patron with tales
of past deeds, battles of old and the prowess of his lord's ancestors. In
this manner was history kept alive for the Anglo-Saxons. The scop had to be
a master of his art, being able to recit thousands of lines from memory
(the epic Beowulf alone has 3182 lines) and no doubt poor performances would
mean ridicule for the scop and the withdrawal of patronage. This is not to
mean that the scop worked purely from memory as there is evidence that he
swift composition of fitting verse was also the mark of a skilled man.

Some Thoughts on the Origin of the Fuþark
by Steve Pollington (Anglo-Saxon Runic Writing)
http://www.kami.demon.co.uk/gesithas/runes/index.html
(Site Excerpt) The origins of the Gemanic writing system known as the
fuþark is a hotly debated issue in scholarly circles, and the present paper
is intended only to air some views and perhaps inspire others to contribute
to the debate. I name the script 'fuþark' in this article in order toavoid
the much misunderstood word 'runes': briefly, a rune (OE run) is a secret, a
mystery and the characters used for writing were called runstafas
'rune-staves' in Old English The characters are not themselves runes but
mere ciphers or symbols pointing o or marking out the mysteries proper. In
this piece, I shall use the word 'runstave' when referring to an alphabetic
character.  The origins of the script have been sought in three main areas:
the Greek, Roman and North Italic alphabets. I shall deal wit each of these
in turn.

The Anglo-Saxon Calendar
http://www.kami.demon.co.uk/gesithas/calendar/index.html
(Site Excerpt) The calendar used by the Anglo-Saxons in pre-christian times
remains a mystery, albeit not a complete mystery. In De Temporum RationeBede left us enough information to paint a rough picture of the early
calendar, but not enough to understand the detail of how the calender was
applied and (more importantly) regulated. This collection of pages is
intended to shed a little light on what i known, or can be surmised, about
our ancient Englisc calendar.

Dr. Sam Newton's Wuffing's Website
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/index.htm#Mainmenu1
(Site Excerpt) Welcome to Dr Sam Newton's Wuffings' Website, which aims to
provide a focus for the study of te Wuffing Kingdom of East Anglia in
particular and for Anglo-Saxon England in general.
SEE ALSO:  Sutton Hoo: Burial-Ground of the Wuffings
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHPage.html
An artist's rendering of the King Rædwald gravesite's contents on te wearer
(click on items in the painting for articles about them and photos at the
British Museum) http://www.wuffings.co.uk/WuffMapLinks/RedwaldFrm.html

Compass: The search Engine of Artifacts and Articles at the British Museum
http://www.british-museumac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&search-form=graphical/main.html&submit-button=search
(Beware of wrapped URLs, whose entire length may not be included in
hyper-linked URLs in emails. To be sure you've got the correct address,
copy-paste th entire address into the address bar of your web browser.)
To view Ssutton Hoo Finds and articles, type "Sutton Hoo" into the Quick
Search bar and hit enter. Also useful for other collections. For instance,
entering the term Saxon brings up 119 items!

Th Sutton Hoo Society
http://www.suttonhoo.org/
(Site Excerpt) Welcome to the Sutton Hoo Society web site. It has been
produced to give you a brief introduction to the work of the Sutton Hoo
Society and the story behind the Anglo Saxon Royal Cemetery at Suton Hoo in
Suffolk in the UK. (Site include a newsletter, archaeology information, and
an interactive tour).

Anglo-Saxon History: A Select Bibliography by Simon Keynes
http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/rawl/keynes1/home.htm
(Site Excerpt) This bibliography isintended to serve as a general guide to
the primary and secondary sources for the study of Anglo-Saxon history.
No-one would be expected, able, or inclined to read more than a small
selection of the items listed...Section A is for general guidance. Sectio B
provides a rough classification of the primary sources for our knowledge of
Anglo-Saxon history. The aim is to indicate the range of the source material
at our disposal, and (in the case of written texts) to guide the reader
towards the most accessibleeditions and translations. The rest of the
bibliography comprises references organized under broad historical themes.
The coverage is by no means comprehensive, but within its own terms the
choice of reading should serve as a guide to the main areas of inerest and
debate. It should be noted that the numbering of the entries is deliberately
discontinuous, to allow for further expansion.

The Anglo-Saxon Homepage
Produced by Prof. Michael Hanly
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~hanly/oe/503.html
(Site Excerpt) This age was put together for the use of the graduate
students in Old English at Washington State University, and serves as the
virtual "command post" for all my students reading Anglo-Saxon texts. It's
not restricted to our students, however, so anyone happenng upon this page
should feel free to have a look and follow the links to some wonderful
sites. There's nothing very original here outside of my old slides (see
"Images from Anglo-Saxon England" at the bottom of this page); if you find
them useful somehow please drop me a line before reproducing them. And
while I'm on that subject: the "Anglo-Saxon clip art" reproduced on this
page is by Eva Wilson, Early Medieval Designs from Britain for Artists and
Craftspeople, Dover Books, 1983.

Richard Rawlinson Cener for Anglo-Saxon Sytudies and Manuscript Research
http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/rawl/index.html
(Site Excerpt) The Richard Rawlinson Center fosters teaching and research in
the history and culture of Anglo-Saxon England and in the broader field of
manusript studies. Dedicated to the memory of the founder of the chair of
Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University, and established through a gift from
Georgian Rawlinson Tashjian and the late David Reitler Tashjian, the Center
opened in May 1994. It houses a growing pecialist library of books,
microfiches, microfilms, and slides. Other resources are being actively
developed.

Map: Anglo-Saxon England
http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/ballc/oe/oe-map.html
Image by Matthew White. Please do not reproduce without permisson of the
author (mwhite28 at richmond.infi.net).

Angel-cynn Anglo-Saxon Clothing (both Pagan and Christian)
http://www.angelcynn.org.uk/clothing.html
Menu includes: Anglo-Saxon Clothing : Pagan Dress :
Male Clothing | Female Clothing | Appearance | Clothin Photos |
Kentish-Frankish Dress
Christian Dress :
Male Clothing | Female Clothing | Clothing Photos

Clothing
http://www.octavia.net/9thclife/Clothing.htm
(Site Excerpt) Manuscript painting offers the greatest number of
illustrations of Anglo-Saxon garmets, with the kings, queens, saints and
clerics depicted in raiment appropriate to their respective classes.  Be
mindful that our surmises are thus weighted towards the luxurious tastes of
the wealthy.  Ivory, wood, and bone carvings, stone crosses and wal
paintings provide another glimpse into prevailing fashion. Lords and ladies,
thegns and merchants describe and name particular articles of clothing in
their wills, and leave them to favoured heirs. Grave finds and occasional
cess-pit remnants of clothingprovide additional, more egalitarian sources
for study. (Article goes on to talk about conjectured women's undergarments
or lack thereof, including those conjectured to have been worn during times
of flux).

Anglo-Saxon and Viking Works of the Needle: Som Artistic Currents in
Cross-Cultural Exchange
© 1992 Carolyn Priest-Dorman. Permission is granted to make and distribute
verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial private research
purposes provided the copyright notice and this permission noticeare
preserved on all copies.
http://www.cs.vassar.edu/~capriest/asvembroid.html
(Site Excerpt) This paper contains a typology and brief discussion of some
stitches that have been discovered on extant textiles from the period
between the seventh and elevenh centuries in Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and
related cultures. Embroidery, construction stitches, style, and usage are
considered. Information is organized in a comparative framework based on
techniques, not on culture or period, in order to facilitate a practcal
understanding by needleworkers. An appendix lists the cultures and sites
considered.

Anglo Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th Century
http://members.lycos.co.uk/Wulfingas/11thdress.htm
(Site Excerpt) Overtunic: This Tunic is made again of wool, althugh the
very rich may have had elaborate heavy silk ones for best. As you can see
from the diagram the main difference is that the sleeves become much larger
at the wrist end, illustrations vary, but the hem comes mid calf to ankle
length usually. The insde of the sleeves may be of a contrasting colour.
Borders may have tablet woven or embroidered decoration.

Lothene Experimetnal Archaeology; Early Medieval Clothes Patterns
http://www.lothene.demon.co.uk/crafts6.html
(Site Excerpt) The patterns and descrptions given here are intended for
re-enactors rather than serious academic historians. Janet Arnold has
written an excellent series of books which are based on disections of actual
historical clothing from the 16th Century onwards and which give accuratepatterns.
Most of the evidence for Early Medieval clothing is in the form of fragments
of garments and illustrations in manuscripts and other historical records,
so there has to be a certain amount of guesswork involved in
recreations.SIMPLE T- TUNIC: Thepattern opposite can be used for a man's
tunic or a woman's dress. Variations on this style were worn from the time
of the Bronze Age. Arguably, the traditional peasant smock, which was worn
in Britain up until the last century was an evolution of the garent.
High class ladies began to wear fitted dresses which laced up the back in
the 11th Century, and in the 13th Century fashionable men began to wear more
fitted garments with buttons up the front.

Anglo-Saxon Architecture in England
http://www.britainepress.com/architecture/saxon.htm
(Site Excerpt) England is not blessed with an abundance of surviving
Anglo-Saxon buildings. There is good reason for this scarcity; the
Anglo-Saxon period was one beset by frequent warfare and violent invasions,
particulary by the Vikings in the period 800-950. These invaders, quite
naturally, burned and destroyed most of the settlements they came across, in
their search for plunder and martial glory. For this reason most surviving
examples of Anglo-Saxon architecture datefrom either 600-725 or 900-1050.
Unfortunately for posterity, most Saxon buildings were constructed of wood
with wattle and daub walls. The depredations of the Danes left very few of
these flammable buildings standing. The only buildings the Anglo-Saxons
ended to build in more permanent stone were their monasteries and churches.
Here, at least, there are several good examples remaining to see today. (See
our in-depth article on Anglo-Saxon churches here.)

A Nice Little Earner: Slavery in Anglo-Saxon Englnd
http://www.regia.org/earner.htm
(Site Excerpt) Slaves were an important part of early medieval society and
appear in large numbers in charters and Doomsday Book, but the evidence for
them is mostly fragmentary and widely scattered.

Viking/Anglo Saxon lothing- advanced and basic
http://www.thinkers.org/mel/Viking_and_Saxon_Garb.html
A list of links on the subject.

11th Century Anglo Saxon Men's Garb by Ethelwulf Kildare
http://www.vanishedwood.org/keep/garb1.htm
(Site Excerpt) Most of what we know on nglo Saxon clothing is found from
manuscripts and various archeological finds. From these we find that in many
cases, Anglo Saxon clothing differed only slightly in appearance to the
clothing on the continent during the same period. Fabrics: Most often,
wolen fabrics would have been used although there are descriptions of furs
being used on cloaks. Linen may have been used, especially among the wealthy
since it would have had to been imported from Ireland and the continent.
Woolen fabrics, as described atthe Sutton Hoo burial varied from the heavy
and rough textured to soft, lightweight and finer woolens. From the Sutton
Hoo burial we find examples of the colors used in clothing. Most of the
woolen fabrics at the site were dyed in indigo or woad, red and ellow
although there were examples of many natural shades from pale creme to dark
blackish brown. The burial also found pattern weaves and in other grave
sites gold thread was often woven into the fabric in a variety of designs.
As can be seen in the pictre of King Knut, there seems to be areas that
appear to be trim, around the sleeves, or of a different color, as can be
seen around the hem and the collar.

Regia Anglorum Food and Drink in Anglo Saxon England
http://www.regia.org/food.htm
(Site Excerpt) hen we visit the shops in England today, we are presented
with a wealth of fruit and vegetables from all corners of the planet from
which to choose. For people in this country in the tenth and eleventh
century this could not happen. They had only such foos as could be
cultivated seasonally or found wild. Exotic foods such as potatoes,
tomatoes, bananas, pineapples - fruits and vegetables of the New World, were
unknown here. Mediterranean fruits, such as lemons and oranges were, as far
as we know, not impoted, although we have documentary proof for the
importation of such things as figs and grapes ( Viking Age England, Julian
Richards, p94 ). We know that they grew wheat, rye, oats and barley. Wheat
for bread, barley for brewing and oats for animal fodder nd porridge. Along
with these crops grew various weeds of cultivation - some of them poisonous.
The harvesting methods made it difficult to separate the cereal from the
weed, and many illnesses must have been caused in this way.

Amazon.com Review: A Handook of Anglo-Saxon Food: Processing and
Consumption
by Ann Hagen
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0951620983/002-7880129-7408832?vi=glance
(Site Excerpt) For the first time information from various sources has been
brought together in order t build up a picture of how food was grown,
conserved, prepared and eaten during the period from the beginning of the
5th century to the 11th century. No specialist knowledge of the Anglo-Saxon
period or language is needed, and many people will find it fasinating for
the views it gives of an important aspect of Anglo-Saxon life and culture.
In addition to Anglo-Saxon England the Celtic west of Britain is also
covered. Subject headings include: drying, milling and bread making;
dairying; butchery; preservaton and storage; methods of cooking; meals and
mealtimes; fasting; feasting; food shortages and deficiency diseases. (Note:
Found a web reference to "A Second Handbook of Anglo.." etc. by the same
author). See also http://www.asbooks.co.uk/food.htm

CastleFurnishing Anglo-Saxon links
 http://www.medievalbookstore.com/Anglo-Saxon.htm

Amazon.com: Anglo-Saxon Appetites: Food and Drink and Their Consumption in
Old English and Related Literatureby Hugh Magennis
http://isbn.nu/1851823824
Hard-to-find reference.
The Forme of Cury, A Roll Of Ancient English Cookery, Compiled, about A.D.
1390, by the Master-Cooks of King Richard II, Presented afterwards to Queen
Elizabeth, by Edward Lord Stafford, and now in the Possession of Gustavus
Brander, Esq. Illustrated wit Notes, And a copious Index, or Glossary. A
Manuscript of the Editor, of the same Age and Subject, with other congruous
Matters, are subjoined.
http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/foc/
Webbed by Greg Lindahl (Gregory Blount of Isenfir?). This is a reproduction.
Se also http://texts01.archive.org/dp/ , where members can proofread webbed
copies of a translation of the Forme of Curye for Project Gutenburg---if you
have the skill to do so, you are encouraged to participate.
(NOTE: Though Forme of Curye post-dates theSaxon era according to the
statements above, many of the recipes are believed to hail from the 11th
century or so).

Were the West Saxons guilty of Ethnic Cleansing? A news debate
http://www.channel4.com/history/timeteam/archive/timeteamlive2001/feature_ehnic.html
(Site Excerpt) Bede also refers to the Hampshire mainland as 'the nation of
the Jutes'...Archaeology now supports these conclusions, as one of the only
other Byzantine buckets was found in the sixth-century cemetery of Chessell
Down on the Isle f Wight - also held by the Jutes...As the cemetery
excavated by Time Team is firmly dated to the sixth century, it can only be
Jutish as there were no Saxons in the region until over a century later,
when Caedwalla did his best to exterminate all the Jute living in those
areas and replace them with his own tribesmen (Bede) - a peculiarly nasty
example of genocide and ethnic cleansing.

Anglo-Saxon 'planned town' revealed this month in Whitby
House platforms, artifacts and a cemetery near the abbey
http://ww.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba64/news.shtml
(Site Excerpt) The excavations revealed that Anglo-Saxon settlements
surrounding the royal abbey founded in 657 were far more extensive and
well-planned than had previously been thought. An area of sloping ground
northof the abbey, thought to have originally measured about 20 acres
before centuries of cliff erosion, had been organised like a 'new town' and
was covered in man-made terracing to provide level ground surfaces for
houses.

An Anglian Time Line
http://member.tripod.com/~midgley/anglosaxons.html
(Site Excerpt) The term "Anglo-Saxon" is a misnomer, used by the Normans for
legal purposes. The migrant groups were distinct enough for Bede to refer to
them as discrete groups, the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes and risians
(Site includes the following:)PAGE INDEX:
Anglians The Battle of Winwaed
Early Anglo-Saxon Settlement Mercia under Penda
The Christian Unconformity Early English Topographic Names
Anglian Grave Goods The origin of the Saxons, Angles and  Jutes accrding to
Bede
Anglian  Boundaries Anglian Deities
The Saints bring Christianity to The North Anglian Year according to Bede
Northumbrian Kings Anglian Social Hierarchy
Middle Anglo-Saxon Settlements Anglian place-names

Notes on Anglo-Saxon History
http:/www.geocities.com/fairauthor/pg25.html

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Edited by Mark S. Harris	Saxon-England-lnks	Page 12 of 12