lapidary-msg - 6/9/09
਀ഊPeriod and SCA gemstone cutting.
਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: A-Lapidary-art, gem-sources-msg, amber-msg, jewelry-msg, pearls-msg, beads-msg, beadwork-msg, coronets-msg, PW-Jewelry-Box-art.
਀ഊ************************************************************************
਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ
਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ
਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀 渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ
਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 椀猀 甀渀挀氀攀愀爀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ    Mark S. Harris                  AKA:  THLord Stefan li Rous
਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************
਀ഊFrom: jjohns at tc3net.com
਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Period lapidary techniques
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㄀㤀 䄀甀最 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㄀㜀㨀㈀㐀㨀　㔀 ⴀ　㜀　　ഊ
਀䐀漀攀猀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 欀渀漀眀 漀昀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 戀攀猀椀搀攀猀ഊTheophilus? His info is ok, but I'd like some alternatives to prepping rock crystal by warming it in goat's blood - you get the idea.  Any more practical info would be most welcome.   Thank you
਀ഊAlasdair MacRaibert a'dun Alasdair
਀⠀吀漀洀 䨀漀栀渀猀漀渀⤀ഊjjohns at tc3net.com
਀ഊ
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 搀搀昀爀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀䐀䐀䘀爀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 倀攀爀椀漀搀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀ഊDate: 20 Aug 1996 14:23:03 -0400
਀ഊAlasdair asks:
਀∀䐀漀攀猀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 欀渀漀眀 漀昀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 戀攀猀椀搀攀猀ഊTheophilus? His info is ok, but I'd like some alternatives to prepping
਀爀漀挀欀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀 戀礀 眀愀爀洀椀渀最 椀琀 椀渀 最漀愀琀✀猀 戀氀漀漀搀 ⴀ 礀漀甀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 椀搀攀愀⸀  䄀渀礀 洀漀爀攀ഊpractical info would be most welcome.   Thank you"
਀ഊ1. You are unfair to Theophilus. He also describes practical techniques
਀昀漀爀 猀栀愀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀漀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 猀琀漀渀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 瀀漀眀搀攀爀攀搀 攀洀攀爀礀Ⰰഊattaching the stone to a dop stick with something rather like modern
਀搀漀瀀瀀椀渀最 挀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀ഊ
਀㈀⸀ 吀愀欀攀 愀 氀漀漀欀 愀氀猀漀 愀琀 䌀攀氀氀椀渀椀✀猀 开䄀爀琀 漀昀 䜀漀氀搀猀洀椀琀栀椀渀最 愀渀搀 匀挀甀氀瀀琀甀爀攀开 漀爀ഊsomething close to that title. He certainly discusses "improving" stones
਀戀礀 洀愀欀椀渀最 挀漀氀漀爀攀搀 昀漀椀氀猀 琀漀 瀀甀琀 戀攀栀椀渀搀 琀栀攀洀㬀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 椀昀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀ഊanything on actually cutting the stones.
਀ഊDavid/Cariadoc
਀ഊ
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䄀氀愀猀搀愀椀爀 䴀愀挀刀愀椀戀攀爀琀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 倀攀爀椀漀搀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀ഊDate: 21 Aug 1996 19:18:58 -0700
਀ഊIn article , ddfr at aol.com says...
਀㸀㄀⸀ 夀漀甀 愀爀攀 甀渀昀愀椀爀 琀漀 吀栀攀漀瀀栀椀氀甀猀⸀ 䠀攀 愀氀猀漀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀ഊ>for shaping and polishing stones, including the use of powdered emery,
਀㸀愀琀琀愀挀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 琀漀 愀 搀漀瀀 猀琀椀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 爀愀琀栀攀爀 氀椀欀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀ഊ>dopping cement, etc.
਀ഊYour Grace Cariadoc,  The reference to Theophilus was made as a poor joke. 
਀圀栀攀渀 䤀 爀攀愀搀 ✀伀渀 䐀椀瘀攀爀猀 䄀爀琀猀✀Ⰰ 䤀 洀愀搀攀 愀 樀漀欀攀 眀椀琀栀 洀礀 氀愀搀礀 漀渀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀礀 眀漀甀氀搀ഊaccept carving of rock crystal by his methods at a kingdom A&S competition
਀愀渀搀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 椀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 愀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀爀 愀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 愀爀琀⸀ 㨀ⴀ紀ഊI do intend to try his recipe for chaser's pitch and his grinding techniques.
਀ഊ>2. Take a look also at Cellini's _Art of Goldsmithing and Sculpture_
਀ഊThank you for the reference and I will take a look at it the first chance I get.
਀ഊI have two other possible references if you're interested. The first comes from a Dover edition book called ' The Book Of Trades' which shows a series of wood 
਀挀甀琀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㔀㘀㠀⸀ 伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀 椀猀 漀昀 愀 最攀洀 挀甀琀琀攀爀 甀猀椀渀最 愀 琀爀攀愀搀氀攀ഊpowered rock grinder, but has no text description of methods.
਀ഊThe other reference is more empirical. In the July 1990 edition of National
਀䜀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 漀渀 攀洀攀爀愀氀搀猀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 琀栀攀礀 猀栀漀眀 愀 猀挀攀渀攀ഊfrom modern day India and a row of bow driven rock grinders in use. I would
਀愀猀猀甀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀椀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 愀 瀀爀攀搀攀挀攀猀猀漀爀 琀漀 愀 琀爀攀愀搀氀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀攀搀 洀愀挀栀椀渀攀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀攀爀攀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 戀攀 瘀攀爀礀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 漀昀ഊlapidary. If you should come across any other information, I would appreciate
਀琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰ  䄀氀愀猀搀愀椀爀 䴀愀挀刀愀椀戀攀爀琀⼀吀漀洀 䨀漀栀渀猀漀渀ഊ
਀ഊFrom: ddfr at aol.com (DDFr)
਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Period lapidary techniques
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀㈀ 䄀甀最 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㈀㈀㨀㄀㌀㨀㐀㈀ ⴀ　㐀　　ഊ
਀伀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 漀昀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ 䄀氀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀猀 昀爀漀洀ഊmemory; I am travelling and my library is not.
਀ഊ1. I believe water driven wheels are recorded at Idar-Oberstein a little
਀戀攀昀漀爀攀 ㄀㘀　　⸀ഊ
਀㈀⸀ 吀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 ⠀渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⤀ 甀猀攀搀 愀 戀漀眀ഊdriven lathe. So does modern Indian; I have one, although I have not used
਀椀琀⸀ 匀漀 搀椀搀 挀氀愀猀猀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 昀漀爀 最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀 挀愀爀瘀椀渀最⸀ 匀漀 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀ഊa bow driven lathe is a fair guess for period Islamic technology.
਀ഊ3. One question I do not know the answer to is whether the bow driven
਀氀愀琀栀攀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 椀渀 漀渀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀 爀愀椀猀椀渀最 漀爀 氀漀眀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀ഊbow to release the tension for strokes in the opposite direction (which
਀猀攀攀洀猀 琀栀攀 漀戀瘀椀漀甀猀 眀愀礀 琀漀 洀攀⤀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 椀琀 眀愀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 猀攀攀洀猀ഊto be the way that the somewhat similar spring lathe works.
਀ഊ4. Traditional Persian technique also uses a pump drill; I have seen it
਀搀漀渀攀 椀渀 䤀猀昀愀栀愀渀⸀ 䤀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 愀氀猀漀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 䤀 挀愀渀✀琀 瀀爀漀瘀攀 椀琀⸀ഊIt could be used for drilling and, perhaps, engraving gemstones.
਀ഊ5. You might want to look at my old article on gemstones, published long
਀愀最漀 椀渀 吀⸀䤀⸀ 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀猀挀攀氀氀愀渀礀 琀栀愀琀 䔀氀椀稀愀戀攀琀栀 愀渀搀 䤀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀ഊis also accessible (minus the figures) on the web.
਀ഊDavid/Cariadoc
਀ഊ
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 稀愀爀愀稀攀渀愀 愀琀 椀漀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀嘀椀挀欀椀 䴀愀爀猀栀⤀ഊTo: ansteorra at eden.com
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㌀　 伀挀琀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㄀㄀㨀　　㨀㔀㘀 ⴀ　㘀　　 ⠀䌀匀吀⤀ഊSubject: Re: Good Enough? (Was Using
਀ഊSigrid Eiriksdottir wrote:
਀㸀䤀 眀椀氀氀 搀漀 眀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 昀漀爀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 䰀愀甀爀攀氀✀猀 瀀爀椀稀攀 琀漀甀爀渀攀礀⸀ 䴀愀礀戀攀ഊ>someone there can point me to a reference or two.
਀ഊSigrid, do you have a public or university library nearby?  When I live in
਀䄀甀猀琀椀渀Ⰰ 䤀 欀渀漀眀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 焀甀椀琀攀 愀 昀攀眀 戀漀漀欀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 氀椀戀爀愀爀椀攀猀 愀戀漀甀琀ഊlapidary and jewelry, as I often did a lot of the research on jewelry-making
਀昀漀爀 洀礀 攀砀ⴀ栀甀猀戀愀渀搀⸀  䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 樀攀眀攀氀爀礀 愀渀搀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 猀栀漀瀀猀 眀椀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀ഊsome books (like Dyers in Austin).
਀ഊSometimes, the How-to books are a place to start, as they often have some
਀栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀爀愀昀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  䤀昀 猀漀Ⰰ 氀漀漀欀 愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀ഊbibliography/references, for the next place to look.  
਀ഊKeep looking
਀娀愀爀愀 娀椀渀愀ഊ
਀ഊFrom: afn03234 at freenet2.afn.org (Ronald L. Charlotte)
਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Period Lapidary Sources...
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀ 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 　㘀㨀　㄀㨀　㈀ 䜀䴀吀ഊ
਀猀甀猀愀渀欀昀漀爀搀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀匀甀猀愀渀䬀䘀漀爀搀⤀ 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Does anyone have any books or other sources on period lapidary. I can do
਀㸀 椀琀 眀椀琀栀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 琀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 氀椀欀攀 琀漀 欀渀漀眀 栀漀眀 椀琀 眀愀猀 搀漀渀攀 䈀㸀䔀㸀ഊ> (before electricity...)
਀ഊThe one with the most useful information is _On Divers Arts_ by 
਀吀栀攀漀瀀栀椀氀甀猀 ⠀䤀匀䈀一 　 㐀㠀㘀 ㈀㌀㜀㠀㐀 ㈀⤀⸀  䤀琀✀猀 眀椀搀攀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 䐀漀瘀攀爀 ഊreprint.  Others include a smattering of info in _The Treatises of 
਀䈀攀渀瘀攀渀甀琀漀 䌀攀氀氀椀渀椀 漀渀 䜀漀氀搀猀洀椀琀栀椀渀最 愀渀搀 匀挀甀氀瀀琀甀爀攀开 ⠀䤀匀䈀一 　 㐀㠀㘀 ㈀㄀㔀㘀㠀 㜀⤀⸀  ഊThere are a few others with small bits and pieces, and there is supposed 
਀琀漀 戀攀 愀 刀攀渀愀椀猀猀愀渀挀攀 琀爀攀愀琀椀猀攀 漀渀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀✀瘀攀 渀漀琀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀琀 礀攀琀⸀ഊ--
਀     愀氀 吀栀愀愀氀椀戀椀 ⴀⴀⴀⴀ 䄀渀 䌀爀漀猀愀椀爀攀Ⰰ 吀爀椀洀愀爀椀猀ഊ     Ron Charlotte -- Gainesville, FL
਀     愀昀渀　㌀㈀㌀㐀 愀琀 愀昀渀⸀漀爀最ഊ
਀ഊFrom: william thomas powers <powers at cis.ohio-state.edu>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 䔀猀琀爀攀氀氀愀 䐀甀猀琀ഊTo: markh at risc.sps.mot.com (Mark S. Harris)
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀愀琀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䴀愀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 　㤀㨀㔀㘀㨀㐀㜀 ⴀ　㔀　　 ⠀䔀匀吀⤀ഊ
਀㸀 圀栀愀琀✀猀 愀 ∀挀愀戀∀㼀 䤀✀洀 愀猀猀甀洀椀渀最 椀琀 椀猀 愀 挀愀瀀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 琀礀瀀攀⸀ 䤀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 愀琀ഊ> first this was a mis-spelling but you wrote it this way several times.
਀ഊSorry, a bit of jargon there---"Cab" is short for "Cabochon"  which is a
਀猀琀礀氀攀 漀昀 最攀洀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最⸀  䤀渀猀琀攀愀搀 漀昀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 昀氀愀琀 昀愀挀攀琀猀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 栀愀猀 愀 猀洀漀漀琀栀ഊdome shape---much more a pre-renaissance cut for stones.  In this case
਀琀栀攀 猀洀漀漀琀栀 搀漀洀攀搀 焀甀愀爀琀稀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 愀 ∀眀椀渀搀漀眀∀ 琀漀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 椀琀攀洀ഊin the reliquery but allow it to be seen.  (There are several ways of mounting 
਀琀栀攀洀 攀瘀攀爀礀琀栀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 猀漀氀搀攀爀椀渀最 椀渀 愀 戀攀稀攀氀 琀漀 甀猀椀渀最 愀渀 攀渀最爀愀瘀攀爀 琀漀 爀愀椀猀攀 愀渀ഊedge.
਀ഊwilelm the smith 
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䘀攀戀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀　㨀㌀㜀㨀㔀㐀 ⴀ　㘀　　ഊFrom: Kathleen Keeler <kkeeler at unlinfo.unl.edu>
਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: most usual semi-precious gems?
਀ഊAnna Troy wrote:
਀㸀 圀攀氀氀 䤀✀瘀攀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 漀渀 洀礀 挀椀爀挀氀攀琀 愀渀搀 䤀 眀愀猀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 漀渀 愀搀搀椀渀最 猀漀洀ഊ> small semi-precious carbochons. Which stones are no-no's for the 14th
਀㸀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀㼀 圀攀爀攀 愀渀礀 洀漀爀攀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 眀愀猀 椀琀 猀琀椀氀氀 琀栀攀 洀椀猀栀ⴀ洀愀猀栀ഊ> that I've seen in earlier medieval work. I was planning on blue, red and
਀㸀 洀愀礀戀攀 最爀攀攀渀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀椀渀最 漀渀 眀攀椀琀栀攀爀 椀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 㐀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀⸀ഊ>
਀㸀 䄀渀渀愀 搀攀 䈀礀砀攀ഊ
਀䴀漀搀攀爀渀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀ⴀⴀ猀椀渀挀攀 椀渀 倀攀爀椀漀搀 琀栀攀礀 搀椀搀渀✀琀ഊhave that tool, they mixed up some stones we distinguish:  rubies and ruby-like 
਀最愀爀渀攀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀⸀  䰀椀欀攀眀椀猀攀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀ഊof the natural glasses and quartzes, when colored like emeralds (or other
਀猀琀漀渀攀猀⤀ 眀攀爀攀 洀椀猀琀愀欀攀渀⸀  䤀昀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 昀愀挀攀琀椀渀最 ⠀椀攀 椀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 最攀洀 栀愀搀 愀ഊdifferent number to faces than quartz) or hardness differences--they didn't
਀洀愀欀攀 洀椀猀琀愀欀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀   匀攀攀 䌀愀爀椀愀搀漀挀✀猀 䴀椀猀挀攀氀氀愀渀礀 ⠀漀渀氀椀渀攀 猀攀攀 匀䌀䄀 栀漀洀攀 瀀愀最攀⤀⸀ഊ
਀   䄀瘀漀椀搀 樀愀搀攀 ⠀渀漀琀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 椀渀 倀攀爀椀漀搀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀椀攀猀⤀ഊ
਀ 吀栀攀 䔀愀爀氀礀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 吀攀砀琀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 栀愀猀 愀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 ⠀⌀㄀㤀　Ⰰ ㄀㤀㌀㌀⤀ 眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀猀 㜀ഊMedieval English lapidaries.  They are all based on Continental lapidaries,
਀愀爀攀 搀攀爀椀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀甀猀⸀  䜀爀攀攀渀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 椀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀ഊmalachite include jasper, phrase, selenite, red include heliotrope, hyacinth,
਀猀愀爀搀⸀  䤀✀搀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀攀 椀琀 愀猀  ∀氀漀爀攀 漀昀 瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀∀ 戀甀琀ഊit gives some sense of what stones they knew and used.
਀ഊI did a composite translation of the information in the lapidaries- not so
਀洀甀挀栀 猀挀栀漀氀愀爀氀礀 愀猀 攀渀琀攀爀琀愀椀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 䤀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 愀 猀挀栀漀氀愀爀氀礀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 椀渀ഊprogress -- from the very difficult English of the originals to modern
਀䔀渀最氀椀猀栀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀  眀漀甀氀搀 氀椀欀攀 䤀 挀愀渀 攀洀愀椀氀 礀漀甀 琀栀攀 琀攀砀琀ഊ(its maybe 10 typed pages.)  The original is better, but much more difficult
਀琀漀 爀攀愀搀 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 瘀攀爀礀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 ⠀戀椀最 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 氀椀戀爀愀爀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 䤀䰀䰀⤀⸀ഊ
਀䄀最渀攀猀 搀攀䰀愀渀瘀愀氀氀攀椀Ⰰ 䴀愀最 䴀漀爀Ⰰ 䌀愀氀漀渀琀椀爀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Sat, 15 May 1999 21:34:50 -0700
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 吀眀挀猀 㰀渀漀㄀栀漀洀攀 愀琀 攀渀挀漀洀瀀愀猀猀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀甀渀猀琀漀渀攀⼀䤀挀攀氀愀渀搀 匀瀀愀爀⼀䄀渀搀愀氀甀挀椀琀攀ഊ
਀㰀猀渀椀瀀 漀昀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 最攀洀 椀渀昀漀㸀ഊ
਀圀栀攀渀 椀猀 挀漀洀攀猀 琀漀 攀焀甀愀琀椀渀最 愀 挀氀愀猀猀椀挀愀氀 漀爀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 渀愀洀攀 漀昀 愀 爀漀挀欀ഊto a modern mineral, one needs to tread carefully.  Nowadays, we
਀甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀 漀渀攀 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 渀愀洀攀 琀漀 漀渀攀 搀椀猀琀椀渀挀琀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀氀椀渀攀 昀漀爀洀ഊof an inorganic compound.  For example, rhombahedral calcium
਀挀愀爀戀漀渀愀琀攀 椀猀 挀愀氀挀椀琀攀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀愀猀 漀爀琀栀漀爀栀漀洀戀椀挀 挀愀氀挀椀甀洀 挀愀爀戀漀渀愀琀攀 椀猀ഊaragonite.  Aragonite is what pearls are made of, by the way.
਀ഊIn the middle ages, however, rock names were assigned on the
਀戀愀猀椀猀 漀昀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 挀漀氀漀爀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊFor example, both colorless topaz (Al2SiO4(F,OH)2) and diamond
਀眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀搀愀洀愀渀琀⸀  匀椀洀椀氀愀爀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 栀礀搀爀漀甀猀 猀甀氀昀愀琀攀猀ഊof iron, zinc and copper could all be used to make sulfuric acid,
਀愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 最爀攀攀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀琀攀 愀渀搀 戀氀甀攀 瘀椀琀爀椀漀氀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀⸀ഊAlum is the worst, actually.  Medievally, practically every white
਀栀礀搀爀漀砀攀渀愀琀攀搀 漀爀 栀礀搀爀漀甀猀 愀氀甀洀椀渀甀洀 猀甀氀昀愀琀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 漀挀挀甀爀攀搀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀氀礀ഊand made a sweet-sour astingent solution  when dissolved was
਀挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 愀氀甀洀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 漀瘀攀爀 ㈀　 洀漀搀攀爀渀 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀猀 眀栀椀挀栀ഊmedievally were used as alum.  (So if you've ever been confused
਀戀礀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 猀栀椀瀀瀀椀渀最 爀攀挀漀爀搀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀椀愀琀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 䔀最礀琀瀀椀愀渀ഊor Tuscan alum, know you know why...)
਀ഊUnfortunately, threre's a great deal of confusion still concerning
਀琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 最攀洀 渀愀洀攀猀⸀  夀攀氀氀漀眀 琀漀瀀愀稀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 挀椀琀爀椀渀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 猀漀ഊis yellow quartz.  Occasionally, yellow quartz is passed off as
਀琀漀瀀愀稀⸀  䌀愀琀✀猀 攀礀攀Ⰰ 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 挀爀礀猀漀戀攀爀礀氀 椀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 挀漀渀昀甀猀攀搀 眀椀琀栀ഊtiger's eye, a quartz replacement of fibrous crocidolite. There are
਀洀愀渀礀 洀漀爀攀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀 漀渀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 最攀琀 洀攀 昀椀爀攀搀 甀瀀 愀爀攀 眀栀攀渀ഊsomeone tells me about a "red sapphire" or a "blue emerald,"
਀攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 挀漀渀琀攀砀琀 漀昀 戀甀礀椀渀最 最攀洀猀 漀爀 樀攀眀攀氀氀爀礀⸀  匀愀瀀瀀栀椀爀攀猀 愀爀攀ഊby definition the blue variety of corundum, and emeralds are
਀琀栀攀 最爀攀攀渀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 戀攀爀礀氀⸀  刀攀搀 猀愀瀀瀀栀椀爀攀猀Ⰰ 戀氀甀攀 攀洀攀爀愀氀搀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀ഊlike are often either marketting ploys or cases of outright fraud.
਀ഊBasically, correctly identifying a medieval rock name with a modern
਀洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 椀猀 愀 洀攀猀猀⸀  䤀 昀椀渀搀 椀琀 昀爀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 搀漀 洀椀渀 椀搀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀⸀ഊI can't imagine what it must be like for folks who aren't rock geeks.
਀䤀✀氀氀 最椀瘀攀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 愀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 愀 昀漀漀琀 甀瀀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀㨀 椀昀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 昀椀渀搀ഊa seventh or EARLIER edition of Dana's Manual of Mineralogy, you
਀眀椀氀氀 昀椀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 攀愀挀栀 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 攀渀琀爀礀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀 愀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 眀愀猀ഊnamed and by whom, including classical and medieval sources.  The
਀攀愀爀氀礀 攀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 䐀愀渀愀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 愀氀氀 渀椀渀攀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀攀礀✀爀攀ഊhard to find (try a university library - that's where the copy I use is
਀氀漀挀愀琀攀搀⤀⸀  吀栀攀 䠀漀漀瘀攀爀 愀渀搀 䠀漀漀瘀攀爀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 琀漀 䄀爀最椀挀漀氀愀✀猀 䐀攀 刀攀ഊMetallica is also helpful (it's included as part of their translation of
਀䄀最爀椀挀漀氀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 䐀漀瘀攀爀 戀漀漀欀猀⤀⸀ഊ 
਀琀琀昀渀Ⰰ 吀眀挀猀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Fri, 21 May 1999 15:57:45 -0400
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 圀愀爀爀攀渀 ☀ 䴀攀爀攀搀椀琀栀 䠀愀爀洀漀渀 㰀爀愀瘀攀渀氀攀愀昀 愀琀 樀甀渀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 䌀愀爀漀✀猀 䰀椀猀琀 漀昀 䜀攀洀 䈀漀漀欀猀ഊ
਀䠀攀爀攀 椀猀 洀礀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀 氀椀猀琀 漀昀 戀漀漀欀猀 ⴀ 礀漀甀爀 洀椀氀攀愀最攀Ⰰ 漀昀 挀漀甀爀猀攀Ⰰ 眀椀氀氀ഊvary.  Opinions expressed are only my own.  I hope they help....
਀ഊThe Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals,
਀䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀 圀 䌀栀攀爀猀琀攀爀洀愀渀Ⰰ 椀猀 愀 最漀漀搀 昀椀攀氀搀 最甀椀搀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀漀猀攀 氀椀欀攀 洀攀 眀栀漀 氀椀欀攀ഊto go digging in the field.  The pictures are excellent, definitions,
਀氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀  䤀琀 眀愀猀 洀礀 昀椀爀猀琀 爀漀挀欀⼀洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 椀琀 洀礀ഊbest book.
਀ഊFor a specification in gems, even though it's a little on the easy
਀猀椀搀攀⸀⸀⸀䔀礀攀眀椀渀攀猀猀 䠀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀猀✀ 䜀攀洀猀琀漀渀攀猀㨀 吀栀攀 嘀椀猀甀愀氀 䜀甀椀搀攀 琀漀 䴀漀爀攀 吀栀愀渀 ㄀㌀　ഊGemstone Varieties, by Cally Hall.  ISBN 1-56458-498-4.  This is the book
਀䤀 挀愀爀爀礀 眀栀攀渀 猀攀氀氀椀渀最 最攀洀猀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀琀 挀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀 琀漀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 攀瘀攀爀礀漀渀攀 眀栀愀琀ഊthey are looking at...or what they may want.  It's arranged by color
਀⨀愀渀搀⨀ 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 焀甀椀琀攀 栀愀渀搀礀℀  唀渀昀漀爀琀甀渀愀琀攀氀礀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊremarks are a bit generalistic for Scadians...I keep asking myself,
਀∀礀攀愀栀Ⰰ 䤀 欀渀漀眀 琀栀攀 䔀最礀瀀琀椀愀渀猀 甀猀攀搀 昀氀甀漀爀椀琀攀 琀漀 挀愀爀瘀攀 猀挀愀爀愀戀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 栀漀眀Ⰰ 眀栀礀Ⰰഊand what location did they get it from?!?"  But *excellent* pictures of
਀昀愀挀攀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 挀愀爀瘀攀搀 愀渀搀 挀愀戀戀攀搀 最攀洀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 瀀椀挀猀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 最攀洀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀ഊhistory.
਀ഊFor pictures alone, most of them period...Gemstones, published by
਀匀琀爀攀氀椀渀最 倀甀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 䌀漀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀⸀  䔀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀 猀栀漀琀猀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀ഊexquisite jewelry pieces through history (one of these days I *will*
਀搀甀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 匀甀洀攀爀椀愀渀 挀爀漀眀渀℀℀℀⤀⸀  䤀匀䈀一 　ⴀ㠀　㘀㤀ⴀ㘀㠀㌀㐀ⴀ㘀⸀ഊ
਀䘀漀爀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀 洀漀爀攀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 洀椀渀搀⸀⸀⸀䴀椀渀攀爀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 䜀攀洀猀琀漀渀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊWorld, by G Brocardo.  It's a Naturetrek Guide, ISBN 0-7153-0197-7.  Each
਀洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 栀愀猀 愀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀琀✀猀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 氀愀礀洀愀渀 椀渀 洀椀渀搀ഊ(which I appreciate, even though I have a chemical background.)The charts
਀愀琀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 瀀愀最攀 最椀瘀攀 愀 焀甀椀挀欀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀ഊof each item...including clevage, hardness, color, mineral class,
਀猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 昀甀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 漀挀挀甀爀爀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 氀甀猀琀攀爀Ⰰ 猀漀氀甀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 甀猀攀Ⰰഊpreservation (which is great for display cases!) powder color, flame
਀挀漀氀漀爀Ⰰ 琀漀砀椀挀椀琀礀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀  䔀愀挀栀 漀瘀攀爀氀攀愀昀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀氀搀攀搀 猀漀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 栀愀瘀攀 愀ഊside-by-side comparison with the page you're interested in.  Excellent
਀猀琀甀昀昀℀ഊ
਀一漀眀 昀漀爀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 愀爀攀 洀漀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀攀琀愀瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀ഊproperties...Love is in the Earth: A Kaleidoscope of Crystals Updated by
਀䴀攀氀漀搀礀⸀ 䤀匀䈀一 　ⴀ㤀㘀㈀㠀㄀㤀　ⴀ㌀ⴀ㐀⸀   䄀氀洀漀猀琀 攀瘀攀爀礀 爀漀挀欀Ⰰ 最攀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 欀渀漀眀渀ഊto mankind is in here, but I have some caveats: 1) It's written as if you
਀愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 欀渀漀眀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ ㈀⤀ 夀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 琀愀欀攀 漀渀攀ഊperson's word for what's written - it's difficult to corroborate
਀洀攀琀愀瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 椀渀昀漀Ⰰ ㌀⤀ 䤀琀 搀漀攀猀渀✀琀 甀猀攀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀椀稀攀搀 渀愀洀攀猀⸀⸀⸀戀氀愀挀欀 愀最愀琀攀ഊfrom one location is given a different name than black agate from another
਀氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  伀昀 挀漀甀爀猀攀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 琀椀挀欀猀 洀攀 漀昀昀 爀漀礀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀礀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀ഊattempt to use location prefixes to the names...well, sometimes....  4)
਀匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 爀漀挀欀猀 礀漀甀 眀漀渀✀琀 昀椀渀搀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 猀漀洀攀漀渀攀✀猀 椀洀愀最椀渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ
਀䄀渀搀Ⰰ 栀攀爀攀✀猀 洀礀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 挀愀瘀攀愀琀㨀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 渀漀琀 礀漀甀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊmetaphysical properties of rocks and minerals, please treat them as you
਀眀漀甀氀搀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 椀琀攀洀⸀  匀漀洀攀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 ⨀眀椀氀氀⨀ 栀愀瘀攀 愀氀氀攀爀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊsome people will *not* react as the book says.  Please keep that in mind,
਀愀渀搀 琀爀攀愀琀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 愀渀搀 爀漀挀欀猀 愀氀椀欀攀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 挀愀甀琀椀漀渀⸀  伀欀愀礀Ⰰ 洀礀ഊlecture's over.
਀ഊAlso, for those thinking about getting into collecting or just want more
਀椀渀昀漀㨀 椀昀 礀漀 甀栀愀瘀攀 愀 䈀漀爀搀攀爀✀猀 漀爀 愀 䈀愀爀渀攀猀 ☀ 一漀戀氀攀 漀爀 愀 䘀攀攀搀 ☀ 刀攀愀搀ഊBookstore or...well, okay, you get the point - go and browse through
਀琀栀攀椀爀 爀漀挀欀 ☀ 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  夀漀甀 洀愀礀 昀椀渀搀 漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀椀琀猀 礀漀甀 焀甀椀琀攀ഊwell, and you get to thumb through them yourself.  That's what I did, and
਀䤀 挀愀洀攀 甀瀀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀猀攀 ∀最攀洀猀∀ ⠀栀攀栀℀⤀ 漀渀 洀礀 漀眀渀⸀  䈀甀琀Ⰰ 最漀漀搀 氀甀挀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀愀瀀瀀礀ഊhunting!
਀ഊ-Caro (herkimer hunting in four weeks!!!!)
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㈀㔀 䴀愀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀㠀㨀　㐀㨀㐀㄀ ⴀ　㜀　　 ⠀倀䐀吀⤀ഊFrom: H B <nn3_shay at yahoo.com>
਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Arab Roots of Gemology
਀ഊIn the current issue of _Gems & Gemology_, there is a book review of a
਀渀攀眀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 开䈀攀猀琀 吀栀漀甀最栀琀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䈀攀猀琀 漀昀 匀琀漀渀攀猀开 戀礀ഊAhmad ibn Yusuf al Tifaschi (1184-1254), translated with comments by
਀匀愀洀愀爀 一愀樀洀 䄀戀甀氀 䠀甀搀愀Ⰰ 匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 䰀愀渀栀愀洀Ⰰ 䴀䐀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀 唀匀␀㐀㔀⸀　　⸀ഊReview is excerpted here.
਀ഊ-- Harriet
਀ഊ"One important aspect of gemology is the history of gemstones.
਀唀渀昀漀爀琀甀渀愀琀攀氀礀Ⰰ 愀 眀攀愀氀琀栀 漀昀 攀愀爀氀礀 眀漀爀欀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 氀漀猀琀 琀漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀ഊgemologists, as evidenced by the number of gem references sited in
਀倀氀椀渀礀✀猀 昀椀爀猀琀ⴀ挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 攀渀挀礀挀氀漀瀀攀搀椀愀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀瘀攀 搀椀猀愀瀀瀀攀愀爀攀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀ഊtrace.  Although much of the knowledge possessed by ancient Greece and
਀刀漀洀攀 眀愀猀 瀀爀攀猀攀爀瘀攀搀 戀礀 䄀爀愀戀椀挀 眀爀椀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 瀀愀爀琀 猀甀挀栀 眀漀爀欀猀ഊremain inaccessible to all but the few western scholars who have
਀氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 䄀爀愀戀椀挀⸀ഊ
਀∀吀栀椀猀 挀漀洀瀀椀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀昀攀爀猀 愀 昀愀猀挀椀渀愀琀椀渀最 最氀椀洀瀀猀攀 愀琀 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 最攀洀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰഊaccording to the book _Best Thoughts on the Best of Stones_, by Ahmad
਀椀戀渀 夀甀猀甀昀 愀氀 吀椀昀愀猀挀栀椀 ⠀㄀㄀㠀㐀ⴀ㄀㈀㔀㐀⤀⸀  䤀琀猀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀爀欀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀ഊtime that early Arab gemological literature has been studied by a
਀洀漀搀攀爀渀 䄀爀愀戀 最攀洀漀氀漀最椀猀琀⸀  䴀爀猀⸀ 䠀甀搀愀 椀猀 愀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀攀渀琀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀 眀栀漀 栀愀猀ഊendeavored to make the contents of this pioneering work easily
਀愀挀挀攀猀猀椀戀氀攀 琀漀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀ⴀ猀瀀攀愀欀椀渀最 爀攀愀搀攀爀猀⸀  匀栀攀 愀椀洀攀搀 琀栀攀 戀漀漀欀 愀琀 ✀愀氀氀ഊreaders interested in gemology, mineralogy, jewelry, history, Arab
਀栀攀爀椀琀愀最攀Ⰰ 䤀猀氀愀洀椀挀 愀爀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀✀  䤀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀攀爀猀✀ഊopinion, she has accomplished her goals with great success...."
਀ഊ"...includes a glossary of gem names in English with their ancient and
਀洀漀搀攀爀渀 䄀爀愀戀椀挀 渀愀洀攀猀⸀⸀⸀瀀氀愀挀攀猀 愀氀 吀椀昀愀猀挀栀椀✀猀 眀漀爀欀 椀渀 挀漀渀琀攀砀琀 戀礀ഊdescribing the era in which he wrote and the nature of the Arabic
਀氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 漀渀 最攀洀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 攀椀最栀琀栀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀㌀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀⸀⸀⸀⸀攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀猀ഊthe monetary terms, weights, and measures employed at that time...."
਀ഊ"For each gemstone, al Tifaschi briefly describes how the gem is
਀昀漀爀洀攀搀㬀 椀琀猀 氀漀挀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 焀甀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀 ⠀洀漀猀琀氀礀ഊmedicinal and talismanic), and prices; and, in some cases, its lapidary
਀琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀⸀⸀⸀⸀∀ഊ
਀爀攀瘀椀攀眀攀搀 戀礀 匀椀 愀渀搀 䄀渀渀 䘀爀愀稀椀攀爀Ⰰ 䰀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 䌀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀攀渀琀猀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Mon, 19 Jul 1999 02:35:58 -0400
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 圀愀爀爀攀渀 ☀ 䴀攀爀攀搀椀琀栀 䠀愀爀洀漀渀 㰀爀愀瘀攀渀氀攀愀昀 愀琀 樀甀渀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 刀漀猀攀ⴀ䌀甀琀 䜀愀爀渀攀琀猀ഊ
਀䄀猀 昀愀爀 愀猀 洀礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 猀栀漀眀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 挀甀琀猀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 眀攀爀攀 挀愀戀戀椀渀最ഊ(for any gem they could get their hands on) and some tabling of diamond
਀挀爀礀猀琀愀氀猀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 洀椀搀 琀漀 氀愀琀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀⸀  䘀爀漀洀 眀栀愀琀 䤀✀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 琀漀氀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊseen in museums, the rose cut is just a smidge OOP.  I haven't gotten my
਀洀椀琀琀猀 漀渀 最漀漀搀 瀀椀挀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䌀爀漀眀渀 䨀攀眀攀氀猀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀礀 戀攀琀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀昀ഊanyone has it, it's them - England had quite a nice pipeline to India for
਀最漀漀搀 最攀洀猀 昀漀爀 愀眀栀椀氀攀⸀  䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 氀攀琀 洀攀 挀栀攀挀欀 愀 一愀琀氀 䜀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 洀愀最 昀爀漀洀 愀ഊwhile ago - they actually got some Shahs to open up the coffers, so I'll
਀猀攀攀 椀昀 愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最✀猀 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 琀栀攀爀攀⸀ഊ
਀䌀愀洀攀漀猀Ⰰ 椀渀琀愀最氀椀漀猀Ⰰ 戀攀愀搀猀Ⰰ 挀愀戀猀⸀⸀⸀栀洀洀Ⰰ 渀漀 昀愀挀攀琀椀渀最 戀攀猀椀搀攀猀 琀愀戀氀椀渀最⸀⸀⸀ഊ
਀⠀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⤀ഊ
਀伀欀愀礀Ⰰ 樀甀猀琀 挀栀攀挀欀攀搀㨀 ⨀匀漀洀攀⨀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀洀攀爀愀氀搀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䤀爀愀渀 䌀爀漀眀渀 䨀攀眀攀氀猀ഊ**may** have been tabled, with a few side factes thrown in for effect.  A
਀爀漀甀最栀 攀洀攀爀愀氀搀 挀甀琀Ⰰ 椀昀 礀漀甀 眀椀氀氀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 ⨀漀渀攀⨀ 最漀漀搀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀ഊZucker Ring Collection (he collects "antique" rings) that shows what
਀氀漀漀欀猀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 爀甀戀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀琀✀猀 ⨀⨀爀漀甀最栀氀礀⨀⨀ 攀洀攀爀愀氀搀 挀甀琀 ⠀琀愀戀氀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 昀漀甀爀ഊrough angles that go below the bezel).  I'm pretty sure the ring in the
਀洀椀搀搀氀攀 猀栀漀眀猀 愀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀 洀漀甀渀琀攀搀 愀猀 椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀✀猀 愀 爀椀渀最 愀琀 琀栀攀ഊbottom of the pic that shows 7 cabbed garnets or amethysts.  Another
਀猀栀漀眀猀 愀 爀漀甀最栀ⴀ猀攀琀 漀瀀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 愀 挀愀戀戀攀搀 氀愀瀀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 椀猀 挀愀爀瘀攀搀ഊstraight from lapis and sports a seated ram - Etruscan, IMO. One ring may
਀⨀瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀⨀ 猀栀漀眀 愀 栀攀愀爀琀ⴀ猀栀愀瀀攀搀 最愀爀渀攀琀 猀攀琀 椀渀 愀 最漀氀搀 栀愀渀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 爀椀渀最ഊlooks to be Victorian in age.  Most of the Zucker Collection is Arabic,
਀䨀攀眀椀猀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䔀愀猀琀 爀椀渀最猀⸀⸀⸀攀砀挀攀瀀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀 爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀愀爀瘀攀搀ഊcarnelian ring it's resting on, the rings in the pic don't look to be any
਀氀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㐀　　✀猀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 猀攀攀 琀栀椀猀 瀀椀挀 ⠀最爀攀愀琀 爀攀昀⤀Ⰰ 挀栀攀挀欀ഊout Smithsonian Magazine, July 1997, Vol 28 No 4, page 73.  And, if
਀䄀一夀䈀伀䐀夀 最攀琀猀 琀栀攀椀爀 栀愀渀搀猀 漀渀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 漀爀愀渀最攀 瀀攀愀爀氀猀Ⰰ 䜀䔀吀 䴀䔀ഊONE!!!!!!!!
਀ഊ-Caro
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㈀　 䨀甀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㈀㈀㨀㌀　㨀㌀㔀 ⴀ　㔀　　 ⠀䌀䐀吀⤀ഊFrom: <timbeck at ix.netcom.com>
਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Rose Cut Garnets
਀ഊRose cut is documentable to the 16th cen.  But from what, I have seen, only diamonds were rose cut.  There is plenty of documentation for faceting of stones from at least the 13th cen.  But the facets are not the same.  They are more based on shaping the stone [rather] than creating reflected light. Square or rectangular stones typically have four "facet" faces and a flat back.  Stones were carved for millenia and they were rubbed into shape and polished for the majority of our period.
਀ഊDiamonds were cleaved and polished by the 15th cen.  Rose cuts diamonds were in late period.  Facets as we know them today really developed well after our period.  If I had a book around I could be fill in a bit more detail.
਀ഊTimothy
਀ഊ
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䰀椀猀猀愀 䴀挀䌀漀氀氀甀洀 㰀氀椀猀猀愀洀挀 愀琀 瀀爀椀洀攀渀攀琀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀⸀ 樀攀眀攀氀爀礀⼀最攀洀猀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀ഊDate: Mon, 03 Jan 2000 00:51:55 -0700
਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䘀漀爀攀猀琀 䴀漀漀渀 䌀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀猀ഊ
਀䴀愀爀礀 伀猀洀愀渀猀欀椀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> A novelist friend of mine asked me the following question:
਀㸀 ഊ> I need some suggestions of what the main stone that would have been in
਀㸀 愀 渀攀挀欀氀愀挀攀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀 琀漀 氀愀琀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ 䤀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀ഊ> created, perhaps in Spain during that period. Also the estimated worth
਀㸀 渀漀眀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 琀漀 琀栀爀攀攀 洀椀氀氀椀漀渀 搀漀氀氀愀爀 爀愀渀最攀⸀ 圀栀攀爀攀 愀渀搀 眀栀攀渀ഊ> it was made is open to change. The one thing that isn't is the name of
਀㸀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 吀栀攀 䔀礀攀 漀昀 䐀愀眀渀⸀ഊ> 
਀㸀 䴀礀 猀甀最最攀猀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 栀椀洀 眀攀爀攀 爀甀戀礀 漀爀 攀洀攀爀愀氀搀⸀  䐀漀攀猀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 栀攀爀攀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀礀ഊ> more authoritative suggestions?
਀ഊI know that there was at least one pendant of 3 rubies that was named.
਀吀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 ✀吀栀爀攀攀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀✀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀搀 戀礀 䌀愀爀氀攀猀 琀栀攀 䈀漀氀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 匀眀椀猀猀ഊin 1476. That pendant also had a diamond and pearls in it. Another stone 
਀琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀猀 琀栀攀 猀愀瀀瀀栀椀爀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀漀甀氀搀 最漀 ഊnicely with the name chosen. Yet another possibility is the red spinel, 
਀欀渀漀眀渀 愀猀 戀愀氀愀猀 爀甀戀椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 ✀䈀氀愀挀欀 倀爀椀渀挀攀✀猀 刀甀戀礀✀ 眀愀猀 漀渀攀 ഊof those. Lets see...amethyst, coral, rock crystal, amber, emerald, 
਀琀甀爀焀甀漀椀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最愀爀渀攀琀 眀攀爀攀 愀氀氀 甀猀攀搀⸀ 匀琀漀渀攀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 戀攀攀渀 ഊtable cut, or polished as cabochons, though there is evidence of 
਀搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 昀愀挀攀琀椀渀最 愀猀 攀愀爀氀礀 愀猀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀 椀搀攀愀 ഊwhich stones would be worth that much nowadays, unless they were 
਀椀渀琀愀挀琀 椀渀 愀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 瀀椀攀挀攀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 ✀吀栀爀攀攀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀✀ 瀀攀渀搀愀渀琀⸀ഊ
਀䜀眀攀渀ഊ
਀⠀爀攀愀搀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 ✀吀栀攀 一攀挀欀氀愀挀攀✀ 戀礀 䐀愀渀椀攀氀愀 䴀愀猀挀攀琀琀椀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ✀䨀攀眀攀氀爀礀✀ 戀礀ഊClare Phillips)
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㄀㠀 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　　 　　㨀㔀㈀㨀㄀㄀ ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: "RANDALL DIAMOND" <ringofkings at mindspring.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 匀䌀ⴀ 匀攀洀椀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 匀琀漀渀攀猀 愀渀搀 倀攀愀爀氀猀ഊ
਀㸀㸀㸀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 瀀甀琀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 戀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 漀渀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀渀氀椀渀攀㨀ഊ   http://staff-www.uni-marburg.de/~gloning/steinbib.htm
਀倀䰀䔀䄀匀䔀Ⰰ 攀洀愀椀氀 洀攀 礀漀甀爀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀℀㰀㰀㰀㰀ഊ
਀儀甀椀琀攀 愀渀 愀搀洀椀爀愀戀氀攀 戀椀氀椀漀最愀瀀栀礀Ⰰ 吀栀漀洀愀猀℀   䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀爀搀氀礀ഊcall it small though.  You might add the following:
਀ഊLeonardi, Camilli , Speculum Lapidium, Venetia, 1502.
਀䌀愀爀搀愀渀椀Ⰰ ∀䐀攀 猀甀戀琀椀氀椀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ∀ 䈀愀猀椀氀攀愀攀Ⰰ ㄀㔀㘀　⸀ഊBaccii, Andreae, "Da gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis," Latin trans.
਀         戀礀 圀漀氀昀最愀渀最 䜀愀戀攀氀氀栀漀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀挀漀昀甀爀琀椀Ⰰ ㄀㘀　㌀⸀ഊBoyle, Roberto, "Specimen de Gemmarum, Origine & Virtutibus,"
਀         䌀漀氀漀最渀攀Ⰰ ㄀㘀㠀　⸀ഊBut most especially:
਀䬀甀渀稀Ⰰ 䜀⸀䘀⸀ ☀ 匀琀攀瘀攀渀猀漀渀Ⰰ 䌀⸀䠀⸀⸀ 吀栀攀 䈀漀漀欀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀攀愀爀氀㨀 琀栀攀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰഊ          Art, Science and Industry of the Queen of Gems, Century
਀         䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀Ⰰ 一夀Ⰰ ㄀㤀　㠀Ⰰ  刀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 戀礀 䐀漀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 一夀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㌀⸀ഊ
਀䜀攀漀爀最攀 䬀甀渀稀 栀愀猀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 洀漀爀攀 戀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀琀 栀愀渀搀ഊfor biblio information, but I believe one was titled,
਀匀栀愀欀攀猀瀀攀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 匀琀漀渀攀猀 ⠀㄀㤀㄀㘀⤀ഊAlso check out John Sinkankas for more technical
਀搀愀琀愀 漀渀 猀琀漀渀攀猀⸀   䬀甀渀稀 愀渀搀 匀椀渀欀愀渀欀愀猀 愀爀攀 昀愀椀爀氀礀ഊacknowledged as the two leading authorities on 
਀最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀眀攀渀琀椀攀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ഊ
਀䄀欀椀洀 夀愀爀漀猀氀愀瘀椀挀栀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Mon, 9 Oct 2000 14:22:23 -0400 (EDT)
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀攀渀渀攀 䠀攀椀猀攀 㰀樀攀渀渀攀 愀琀 洀愀椀氀⸀戀爀漀眀猀攀爀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Gemstonesy
਀ഊ> >>>  A further consideration is that something labelled "synthetic X" may
਀㸀 㸀㸀㸀  愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 戀攀 ∀猀礀渀琀栀攀琀椀挀 夀 椀渀 愀 挀漀氀漀爀 琀栀愀琀 氀漀漀欀猀 氀椀欀攀 堀⸀∀ 䴀愀渀礀ഊ> >>>  synthetic gemstones are either corundum or spinel, colored to match
਀㸀 㸀㸀㸀  眀栀愀琀攀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀⸀ഊ
਀倀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 愀 瀀爀漀瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀猀 䄀刀䔀 挀漀爀甀渀搀甀洀 ⠀爀甀戀椀攀猀Ⰰഊsapphires etc)  classified by the color they are. :) Furthermore, the
਀猀椀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 眀愀猀 攀瘀攀渀 洀漀爀攀 洀甀爀欀礀㨀 刀攀搀 猀瀀椀渀攀氀 眀漀甀氀搀 椀渀 昀愀挀琀 戀攀 愀ഊperiod 'ruby' as they didn't have the same sophisticated classification
਀猀挀栀攀洀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀猀 眀攀 搀漀㨀 栀攀渀挀攀 ✀吀栀攀 䈀氀愀挀欀 倀爀椀渀挀攀✀猀 刀甀戀礀✀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀ഊspinel. 
਀ഊI would suspect that for our purposes, if the synthetic process resembles
਀琀栀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 戀礀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 最攀洀 椀猀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 渀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 愀ഊreasonable substitute: cultured pearls for pearls, etc. Since we aren't
਀瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 猀礀洀戀漀氀椀挀 洀愀最椀挀欀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 瘀愀氀甀攀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀ഊusers did, having the same chemical make-up ought to be enough.
਀ഊAn excellent period work on gemstones available in translation from
਀匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀 倀爀攀猀猀 椀猀㨀ഊ_Arab Roots of Gemology: Ahmad ibn Yusuf Al Tifaschi's Best Thoughts on
਀琀栀攀 䈀攀猀琀 漀昀 匀琀漀渀攀猀开 匀愀洀椀爀 一愀樀洀 䄀戀甀氀 䠀甀搀愀⸀ 匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀ ␀㐀㔀⸀　　⸀ഊISBN:0-8108-3294-1
਀䤀琀✀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀 愀琀㨀ഊhttp://www.scarecrowpress.com/Catalog/
਀ഊJadwiga, who doesn't know all that much but a) has a friend who is an
਀愀洀愀琀攀甀爀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 愀渀搀 戀⤀ 欀渀漀眀渀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀漀 氀漀漀欀 椀琀 甀瀀⸀ഊ- -- 
਀䨀愀搀眀椀最愀 娀愀樀愀挀稀欀漀眀愀Ⰰ 洀欀愀 䨀攀渀渀椀昀攀爀 䠀攀椀猀攀ऀ      樀攀渀渀攀 愀琀 琀甀氀最攀礀⸀戀爀漀眀猀攀爀⸀渀攀琀ഊ
਀ഊFrom: "William Black" <william.black at hotmail.co.uk>
਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 猀漀挀⸀栀椀猀琀漀爀礀⸀洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀ഊSubject: Re: Small Things
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㜀 䨀甀氀 ㈀　　㘀 　㠀㨀㄀㐀㨀　㈀ ⬀　㄀　　ഊ
਀∀挀攀氀椀愀∀ 㰀挀开愀开戀氀愀礀 愀琀 栀漀琀洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀 眀爀漀琀攀 椀渀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀ഊ>  It's not difficult to think of Anglo Saxon gold work with fine
਀㸀 猀栀愀爀瀀 攀渀最爀愀瘀椀渀最 漀渀 椀琀Ⰰ 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 琀漀漀氀猀 眀攀爀攀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 椀猀ഊ> impossible to tell, but they could do the job.
਀㸀   䤀✀洀 猀甀爀攀 礀漀甀✀瘀攀 攀渀最爀愀瘀攀搀 洀攀琀愀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀✀猀 愀 欀渀愀挀欀 琀漀 椀琀Ⰰഊ> but a sharp tool is essential
਀ഊIt's actually easier to get a sharp edge on a softer material,  but it
਀搀漀攀猀渀✀琀 氀愀猀琀 愀猀 氀漀渀最⸀ഊ
਀䴀漀搀攀爀渀 最爀愀瘀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 猀挀漀爀瀀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 愀 最漀漀搀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 猀琀攀攀氀 眀椀琀栀 愀ഊground edge.  You have to grind your own edge as the tools are far too long
਀眀栀攀渀 礀漀甀 最攀琀 琀栀攀洀⸀  匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 匀眀椀猀猀 猀挀漀爀瀀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 愀 洀甀挀栀ഊharder 'tool steel' and hold their edge for much longer, but they're much
਀洀漀爀攀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 琀漀 最爀椀渀搀 搀漀眀渀 愀渀搀 猀栀愀爀瀀攀渀⸀ഊ
਀圀栀攀渀 䤀 眀愀猀 搀漀椀渀最 洀礀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最 䤀 眀愀猀 琀漀氀搀 渀漀琀 琀漀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀ഊharder scorpers because a diamond setter's scorpers need a very precisely
਀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀攀搀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最 攀搀最攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 栀愀爀搀攀爀 琀漀漀氀猀 愀爀攀 瘀攀爀礀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 琀漀 猀栀愀爀瀀攀渀ഊproperly unless you're very experienced.
਀ⴀⴀ ഊWilliam Black
਀ഊ
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 䈀氀愀挀欀∀ 㰀眀椀氀氀椀愀洀⸀戀氀愀挀欀 愀琀 栀漀琀洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀⸀甀欀㸀ഊNewsgroups: soc.history.medieval
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀洀愀氀氀 吀栀椀渀最猀ഊDate: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:09:56 +0100
਀ഊ"celia" <c_a_blay at hotmail.com> wrote 
਀㸀 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 琀爀甀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 洀漀爀攀 甀猀攀爀 昀爀椀攀渀搀氀礀  戀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀ഊ> no way that even modern hard tool steel could engrave
਀㸀 栀愀爀搀 最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀猀 猀漀 椀猀 琀栀椀猀 愀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀漀琀漀爀椀漀甀猀ഊ> secretiveness of lapidaries ?
਀ഊThere's a picture of St Eligious in the British Museum book called 'Medieval
਀䜀漀氀搀猀洀椀琀栀猀✀ 愀渀搀 栀攀✀猀 甀猀椀渀最 愀 猀挀漀爀瀀攀爀 攀砀愀挀琀氀礀 氀椀欀攀 漀渀攀 漀昀 洀椀渀攀Ⰰ  挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀ഊwith mushroom shaped handle with brass ferule.
਀ഊNot sure how fine they could make them and they're obviously not as
਀挀漀渀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 漀渀攀猀 戀甀琀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 琀漀漀氀 洀愀欀椀渀最 眀愀猀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 最漀漀搀 椀昀ഊyou were paying serious money...
਀ഊAlso a goldsmith should be able to make their own tools,  but making gravers
਀愀渀搀 猀挀漀爀瀀攀爀猀 椀猀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 琀攀搀椀漀甀猀 猀琀甀昀昀Ⰰ  礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 猀栀漀爀琀攀渀Ⰰ  洀漀甀渀琀Ⰰ  最爀椀渀搀ഊand sharpen them yourself even these days, and that's not fun either...
਀ഊThere are a couple of ways to engrave gemstones.  One is to mount another
਀栀愀爀搀攀爀 最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 愀 搀漀瀀 猀琀椀挀欀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀猀 愀 最爀愀瘀攀爀Ⰰ  戀甀琀 䤀ഊam informed it's dead eay to slip.  The other is to put a mask over the bits
਀礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 愀 爀甀戀戀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 琀漀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀甀昀昀 礀漀甀 搀漀渀✀琀⸀ഊObviously today people use a sand blaster or a tumbler with an assortment of
਀洀攀搀椀愀 氀漀愀搀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 椀琀⸀ഊ-- 
਀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 䈀氀愀挀欀ഊ
਀ഊFrom: "celia" <c_a_blay at hotmail.com>
਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 猀漀挀⸀栀椀猀琀漀爀礀⸀洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀ഊSubject: Re: Small Things
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㄀㜀 䨀甀氀 ㈀　　㘀 　㐀㨀㈀㔀㨀㄀　 ⴀ　㜀　　ഊ
਀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 䈀氀愀挀欀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> "celia" <c_a_blay at hotmail.com> wrote in message
਀㸀ഊ> > This is true and they are more user friendly  but there is
਀㸀 㸀 渀漀 眀愀礀 琀栀愀琀 攀瘀攀渀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 栀愀爀搀 琀漀漀氀 猀琀攀攀氀 挀漀甀氀搀 攀渀最爀愀瘀攀ഊ> > hard gemstones so is this a case of the notorious
਀㸀 㸀 猀攀挀爀攀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀椀攀猀 㼀ഊ>
਀㸀 吀栀攀爀攀✀猀 愀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 匀琀 䔀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 戀漀漀欀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 ✀䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀ഊ> Goldsmiths' and he's using a scorper exactly like one of mine,  complete
਀㸀 眀椀琀栀 洀甀猀栀爀漀漀洀 猀栀愀瀀攀搀 栀愀渀搀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 戀爀愀猀猀 昀攀爀甀氀攀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀椀猀 漀渀攀 㼀ഊhttp://www.wga.hu/art/m/manuel/eligius.jpg
਀匀琀 䔀氀椀最椀甀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 漀渀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 栀愀洀洀攀爀⸀ഊThe halo is a dead giveaway.
਀ഊ> Not sure how fine they could make them and they're obviously not as
਀㸀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 漀渀攀猀 戀甀琀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 琀漀漀氀 洀愀欀椀渀最 眀愀猀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 最漀漀搀 椀昀ഊ> you were paying serious money...
਀㸀ഊ> Also a goldsmith should be able to make their own tools,  but making gravers
਀㸀 愀渀搀 猀挀漀爀瀀攀爀猀 椀猀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 琀攀搀椀漀甀猀 猀琀甀昀昀Ⰰ  礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 猀栀漀爀琀攀渀Ⰰ  洀漀甀渀琀Ⰰ  最爀椀渀搀ഊ> and sharpen them yourself even these days, and that's not fun either...
਀㸀ഊ> There are a couple of ways to engrave gemstones.  One is to mount another
਀㸀 栀愀爀搀攀爀 最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 愀 搀漀瀀 猀琀椀挀欀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀猀 愀 最爀愀瘀攀爀Ⰰ  戀甀琀 䤀ഊ> am informed it's dead eay to slip.  The other is to put a mask over the bits
਀㸀 礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 愀 爀甀戀戀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 琀漀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀甀昀昀 礀漀甀 搀漀渀✀琀⸀ഊ> Obviously today people use a sand blaster or a tumbler with an assortment of
਀㸀 洀攀搀椀愀 氀漀愀搀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 椀琀⸀ഊ
਀䤀✀氀氀 最漀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 搀漀瀀瀀椀渀最 洀攀琀栀漀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀漀甀氀搀 漀渀氀礀 眀漀爀欀 漀渀ഊsoft stones with shallow engraving.
਀ 吀栀攀 琀爀漀甀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 搀漀瀀瀀椀渀最 眀愀砀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 最攀琀猀 戀爀椀琀琀氀攀 椀渀 挀漀氀搀ഊtemperatures. A point of stone set in a wooden handle
਀攀瘀攀渀 椀昀 琀栀攀渀 爀攀椀渀昀漀爀挀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 搀漀瀀瀀椀渀最 眀愀砀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 椀琀 猀琀攀愀搀礀ഊwould be better. No problem, it's only a finer version of
਀愀渀 愀最愀琀攀 戀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀爀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 攀愀爀氀礀 搀愀琀攀ഊfor setting stones and smoothing leather, I've made one in the
਀瀀愀猀琀 愀渀搀 椀琀 戀攀愀琀猀 洀攀琀愀氀 昀漀爀 戀甀爀渀椀猀栀椀渀最⸀ഊ 
਀䌀攀氀椀愀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Sat, 24 Nov 2007 23:40:41 -0500
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 挀栀愀眀欀猀眀爀琀栀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] OT OOP Diamonds  was tedious process
਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最ഊ
਀䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀氀氀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 愀最攀猀Ⰰ 搀愀琀椀渀最 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀  ഊPharaohs. Basic diamond cutting was available even earlier then the  
਀㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 樀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀礀 昀愀挀攀琀猀 礀漀甀 猀攀攀 琀漀搀愀礀⸀ഊI apologize-I do not have my books handy, or I could give you a  
਀挀氀攀愀爀攀爀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀⸀ഊ
਀䠀攀氀攀渀ഊOld dryed up Jewelry Sales Manager-type (Thankfully retired and more  
਀猀琀攀愀搀氀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀⤀ഊ
਀吀䠀䰀漀爀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀 氀椀 刀漀甀猀 愀猀欀攀搀㨀ഊ<<< Do we know what areas diamonds were found in, in period? Since  faceting of
਀樀攀眀攀氀猀 眀愀猀 愀 氀愀琀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀椀搀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 攀瘀攀渀  爀愀渀欀 栀椀最栀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀挀愀氀攀 漀昀ഊprecious gems in period? >>>
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㈀㔀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 ㄀㔀㨀㄀㐀㨀㄀㄀ ⴀ　㘀　　ഊFrom: "Daniel & Elizabeth Phelps" <dephelps at embarqmail.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 伀吀 伀伀倀 琀攀搀椀漀甀猀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀ഊTo: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊRegards diamonds, they were know to the arabs in period and are mentioned in
਀愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 漀渀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 戀漀漀欀 䤀 挀愀渀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 椀渀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  䤀昀 䤀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀氀礀ഊdiamonds in the US's northeastern and northern part of the midwest have been
਀昀漀甀渀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 漀昀 最氀愀挀椀愀氀 昀氀漀愀琀 漀甀琀 漀昀 䌀愀渀愀搀愀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 椀挀攀 愀最攀⸀  䄀ഊsmall number have turned up in North Carolina over the years but as to where
਀琀栀漀猀攀 挀愀洀攀 昀爀漀洀 渀漀 漀渀攀 欀渀漀眀猀⸀  䄀爀欀愀渀猀愀猀 栀愀猀 愀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 ∀瀀椀瀀攀∀ 琀栀愀琀 椀猀ഊaccessable to the public.  Periodically gems of several carats turn up
਀琀栀攀爀攀⸀  圀栀愀琀 眀椀琀栀 最氀漀戀愀氀 眀愀爀洀椀渀最 琀栀攀爀攀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 ∀猀琀爀椀欀攀猀∀ 椀渀  ഊCanada and Greenland relatively recently.
਀ഊDaniel
਀洀欀愀 䐀愀渀椀攀氀 䌀⸀ 倀栀攀氀瀀猀Ⰰ 倀⸀䜀⸀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Sun, 25 Nov 2007 15:50:37 -0600
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀∀ 㰀琀⸀搀⸀搀攀挀欀攀爀 愀琀 眀漀爀氀搀渀攀琀⸀愀琀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] OT OOP Diamonds was tedious process
਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ
਀䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀 愀渀搀 䈀漀爀渀攀漀⸀  吀栀攀礀ഊwere known in Antiquity and the original finds are probably prehistoric.  I
਀猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 昀椀渀搀猀 眀攀爀攀 愀氀氀甀瘀椀愀氀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 ⠀眀愀猀栀攀搀 漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀爀椀砀ഊrock and found in river sand).  Later finds are more diverse geographically
਀愀渀搀 愀爀攀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 攀爀漀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀最渀攀漀甀猀 爀漀挀欀猀 琀漀 攀砀瀀漀猀攀ഊdeposits of Kimberlite, a type of peridotite.  In 1970/71, I was in a
਀瀀爀漀猀瀀攀挀琀椀渀最 挀氀愀猀猀 琀愀甀最栀琀 戀礀 䰀攀漀 䴀愀爀欀 䄀渀琀栀漀渀礀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 洀椀渀椀渀最ഊengineers in Alaska, when he showed slides of a series of Kimberlite pipes
਀栀攀 栀愀搀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 䌀漀氀甀洀戀椀愀 眀栀椀氀攀 瀀爀漀猀瀀攀挀琀椀渀最 昀漀爀 琀甀渀最猀琀攀渀⸀  䤀ഊoccasionally wonder if he wasn't the person who started the Canadian diamond
਀椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀⸀ഊ
਀䤀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀猀琀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䌀䔀Ⰰ 倀氀椀渀礀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀猀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 洀椀渀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 䔀琀栀椀漀瀀椀愀ⰀഊMacedonia, India, Arabia, and Cyprus.
਀ഊDiamonds were considered valuable because of their rarity and their
਀栀愀爀搀渀攀猀猀⸀  䄀 猀琀漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 挀甀琀 洀攀琀愀氀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 栀愀猀 愀洀愀稀椀渀最 瘀愀氀甀攀⸀ഊTo quote Pliny, "The diamond, known for a long time only to kings and then
਀琀漀 瘀攀爀礀 昀攀眀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ 栀愀猀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 瘀愀氀甀攀 琀栀愀渀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀漀猀猀攀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊnot merely than any other gemstone." and "When a diamond is successfully
਀戀爀漀欀攀渀Ⰰ 椀琀 搀椀猀椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀猀 椀渀琀漀 猀瀀氀椀渀琀攀爀猀 猀漀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀猀 琀漀 戀攀 猀挀愀爀挀攀氀礀 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀⸀ഊThese fragments are greatly sought after by engravers and are inserted by
਀琀栀攀洀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀椀爀 椀爀漀渀 琀漀漀氀猀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀 挀甀琀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 栀愀爀搀攀猀琀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀ഊlittle effort."  There is archeological evidence of diamond bit drills being
਀甀猀攀搀 椀渀 夀攀洀攀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 㐀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䈀䌀䔀⸀ഊ
਀䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 猀焀甀愀爀攀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀氀椀渀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀 栀椀最栀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 猀琀漀渀攀猀ഊtranslates into a rather flashy natural octahedral crystal.  A natural
਀漀挀琀愀栀攀搀爀愀氀 挀愀琀挀栀攀猀 琀栀攀 攀礀攀 焀甀椀琀攀 渀椀挀攀氀礀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 昀愀挀攀琀琀椀渀最⸀  匀椀渀挀攀 栀椀最栀ഊquality natural stones are rare, diamond cutting produces an appealing
਀最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀 昀爀漀洀 愀 洀漀爀攀 瀀氀攀戀椀愀渀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀⸀  䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀ഊstarts in 14th Century Venice.  Faceting enhances the natural reflectivity
਀漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀⸀ഊ
਀䘀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 漀渀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀Ⰰ 氀攀琀 洀攀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 漀昀 一愀琀甀爀愀氀ഊHistory:
਀ഊhttp://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/diamonds/
਀ഊBear
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㈀㘀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 ㈀㌀㨀㄀㔀㨀㐀㐀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: Gretchen Beck <grm at andrew.cmu.edu>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊ--On Monday, November 26, 2007 10:45 PM -0600 Daniel & Elizabeth Phelps
਀㰀搀攀瀀栀攀氀瀀猀 愀琀 攀洀戀愀爀焀洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> I suggest that diamonds would have been of less value as a gem stone in
਀㸀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 挀漀洀瀀愀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 愀渀搀 漀昀 洀漀爀攀 瘀椀瘀椀搀 栀甀攀猀⸀ഊ> Its  value would have been that it would scratch all other stones and
਀㸀 洀攀琀愀氀 愀猀  眀攀氀氀⸀ഊ
਀䤀✀洀 渀漀琀 猀甀爀攀 䤀 愀最爀攀攀 ⴀⴀ 爀愀爀攀爀 愀渀搀 栀愀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 琀攀渀搀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀 猀琀漀渀攀 洀漀爀攀ഊvalueable, not less. Note too that what the ancient's called diamond (or
਀愀搀愀洀愀猀⼀愀搀愀洀愀渀琀⤀ 洀愀礀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 戀攀 眀栀愀琀 眀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 愀猀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀⸀⸀⸀ഊ
਀㸀 吀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 ∀瀀攀爀椀漀搀∀ 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 琀漀 愀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀ഊ> period Arab book of gems and my notes on that are on a hard drive  
਀㸀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀氀礀⸀ഊ
਀倀氀椀渀礀 琀栀攀 䔀氀搀攀爀✀猀 一愀琀甀爀愀氀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 栀愀猀 愀 挀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 漀昀ഊprecious stones. An English translation is online at
਀㰀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀瀀攀爀猀攀甀猀⸀琀甀昀琀猀⸀攀搀甀⼀挀最椀ⴀ戀椀渀⼀瀀琀攀砀琀㼀搀漀挀㴀倀攀爀猀攀甀猀─㌀䄀琀攀砀琀─ ഊ3A1999.02.0137&query=toc:head%3D%232562>
਀ഊtoodles, margaret
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㈀㘀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 ㈀　㨀㌀㌀㨀㔀㔀 ⴀ　㠀　　ഊFrom: David Friedman <ddfr at daviddfriedman.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊI think there are some prehistoric jade finds in Europe.
਀ഊOgden's book on jewelry in classical antiquity goes through the
਀焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 樀愀搀攀猀 椀渀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀戀氀攀 搀攀琀愀椀氀㬀 愀猀 戀攀猀琀 䤀ഊremember, he concludes that every case is a misidentification. It
਀猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 爀攀最愀爀搀攀搀 愀猀 愀 渀攀眀 最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀渀椀猀栀ഊbrought it back from the New World, hence the Spanish name.
਀ഊ> A rumored little jade Buda found in an early Norse grave not withstanding it
਀㸀 椀猀 洀礀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 樀愀搀攀 眀愀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 甀渀欀渀漀眀 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 漀甀琀ഊ> all but late period as it was a gem of the orient and the new world.
਀㸀ഊ> I suggest that diamonds would have been of less value as a gem stone in
਀㸀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 挀漀洀瀀愀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 愀渀搀 漀昀 洀漀爀攀 瘀椀瘀椀搀 栀甀攀猀⸀  䤀琀猀ഊ> value would have been that it would scratch all other stones and  
਀㸀 洀攀琀愀氀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀⸀ഊ
਀䄀猀 戀攀猀琀 䤀 爀攀挀愀氀氀Ⰰ 䌀攀氀氀椀渀椀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 愀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀㸀 䤀琀 椀猀 洀礀 挀漀渀樀攀挀琀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀 漀昀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀 匀瀀愀椀渀 眀漀甀氀搀ഊ> intersect with Moslem and Jewish traditions but would not yet have  
਀㸀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀攀渀琀 漀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 眀漀爀氀搀⸀ഊ
਀夀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀㸀 吀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 ∀瀀攀爀椀漀搀∀ 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 琀漀 愀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀ഊ> period Arab book of gems and my notes on that are on a hard drive  
਀㸀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀氀礀⸀ഊ
਀倀氀椀渀礀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀攀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀猀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 搀攀琀愀椀氀⸀ 䈀甀琀 栀攀✀猀ഊgenerally sceptical.
਀ഊOne of my favorite bits is where he mentions that if you put a
਀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 猀琀漀渀攀 戀攀渀攀愀琀栀 礀漀甀爀 瀀椀氀氀漀眀Ⰰ 椀渀 礀漀甀爀 搀爀攀愀洀猀 礀漀甀 眀椀氀氀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀ഊfuture.
਀ഊOr at least, he adds, you will see it as well as the soothsayers do
਀ഊI think Albertus Magnus discussed stones too--that should be fairly
਀攀愀猀礀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀⸀ 开䐀攀 䰀愀瀀椀搀椀戀甀猀开㼀 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀ഊlapidaries with such information.
਀ഊ> Daniel
਀ⴀⴀ ഊDavid Friedman
਀眀眀眀⸀搀愀瘀椀搀搀昀爀椀攀搀洀愀渀⸀挀漀洀ഊdaviddfriedman.blogspot.com/
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㈀㜀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 　　㨀㈀㈀㨀㈀㘀 ⴀ　㘀　　ഊFrom: "Terry Decker" <t.d.decker at worldnet.att.net>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊ> A rumored little jade Buda found in an early Norse grave not withstanding
਀㸀 椀琀 椀猀 洀礀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 樀愀搀攀 眀愀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 甀渀欀渀漀眀 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 漀甀琀ഊ> all but late period as it was a gem of the orient and the new world.
਀㸀ഊ> I suggest that diamonds would have been of less value as a gem stone in
਀㸀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 挀漀洀瀀愀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 愀渀搀 漀昀 洀漀爀攀 瘀椀瘀椀搀 栀甀攀猀⸀  䤀琀猀ഊ> value would have been that it would scratch all other stones and  
਀㸀 洀攀琀愀氀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀⸀ഊ>
਀㰀挀氀椀瀀瀀攀搀㸀ഊ>
਀㸀 䐀愀渀椀攀氀ഊ
਀倀氀椀渀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀栀愀渀搀 猀甀最最攀猀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 瘀愀氀甀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 最攀洀猀 愀渀搀ഊfrom his description of their shape it is fairly obvious he is referring to
਀琀栀攀 爀愀爀攀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀氀椀渀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 戀爀攀愀欀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 䄀渀琀椀焀甀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䠀椀最栀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀ഊseem to be relatively unknown in Europe.  Some time in the 14th Century,
਀嘀攀渀椀挀攀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 琀栀攀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最 挀攀渀琀攀爀 漀昀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 愀猀 愀渀 愀搀樀甀渀挀琀ഊto the spice trade.
਀ഊBear
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㈀㜀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 　㜀㨀　㌀㨀㈀㔀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: "Elaine Koogler" <kiridono at gmail.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊI have done some research on jade, particularly as I wanted to use it
਀愀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 洀礀 栀攀爀愀氀搀椀挀 琀椀琀氀攀⸀  䨀愀搀攀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 攀渀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀攀搀ഊfirst by the Spanish in the Americas in the 15th century, where it was
਀甀猀攀搀 愀猀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 欀椀搀渀攀礀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀⸀  䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀ഊSpanish called the stone "ijada de piedra" or "stone of the kidney."
਀吀栀攀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 戀攀最愀渀 甀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 椀渀 樀攀眀攀氀爀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 愀渀搀ഊtransliterated the name into French...can't remember the French
਀攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀⸀  䤀琀 琀栀攀渀 瀀愀猀猀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 䌀栀愀渀渀攀氀 椀渀琀漀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 愀猀 ∀樀愀搀攀⸀∀ഊThis would have been the semi-precious jade, nephrite, which is what
਀椀猀 洀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 匀漀甀琀栀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀ഊas Alaska.  I don't know of any instance, even close to period, of
਀瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 樀愀搀攀Ⰰ 樀愀搀攀椀琀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀琀漀渀攀 椀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䌀栀椀渀愀 愀渀搀 椀渀ഊsoutheast Asia.  All of the ceremonial jade implements in China were
਀渀攀瀀栀爀椀琀攀 樀愀搀攀⸀⸀⸀愀渀搀 椀琀 眀愀猀 爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 愀猀 琀栀攀 ∀匀琀漀渀攀 漀昀 䠀攀愀瘀攀渀⸀∀  吀栀攀ഊcharacter/kanji for Emperor is, interestingly enough, the same as jade
਀⠀愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 瘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀 猀琀爀漀欀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀爀攀攀 栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀 猀琀爀漀欀攀猀⤀ 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀ഊdot added on the bottom crosswise stroke.
਀ഊKiri
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㈀㜀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 　㤀㨀㄀㔀㨀　㘀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: "Sharon R. Saroff" <sindara at pobox.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊA number of years ago I did a research paper on bead lore.  I
਀挀漀洀瀀椀氀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 攀瘀攀爀礀 猀琀漀渀攀 䤀 挀漀甀氀搀 琀栀椀渀欀 漀昀⸀  伀渀氀礀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀ഊmy research went into the paper.  I remember that blue stones
਀瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀攀搀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 琀栀攀 攀瘀椀氀 攀礀攀⸀  䰀愀瀀椀猀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 昀愀瘀漀爀椀琀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀ഊEast.  Blue eye beads were also a favorite.  
਀ഊHL Sindara
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㈀㠀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 　㈀㨀㈀㌀㨀㔀　 ⬀　　　　 ⠀䜀䴀吀⤀ഊFrom: emilio szabo <emilio_szabo at yahoo.it>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀ഊTo: sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org
਀ഊThere are many books on precious stones. Some of them are online.
਀ഊhttp://juliusruska.digilibrary.de/q069/q069.html
਀ഊhttp://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/lap/lap_zett.htm
਀ഊhttp://edocs.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2007/3947/
਀ഊI am sure there are more of this kind out there.
਀ഊAs for Spanish sources:
਀ഊAlfonso X, Rey de Castilla: Lapidario. Texto ?ntegro en versi?n de  
਀䴀愀爀㼀愀 䈀爀攀礀 䴀愀爀椀渀縀漀⸀ 䴀愀搀爀椀搀㨀 䔀搀椀琀漀爀椀愀氀 䌀愀猀琀愀氀椀愀 ㄀㤀㘀㠀⸀ഊ
਀䄀氀昀漀渀猀漀 堀㨀 㼀䰀愀瀀椀搀愀爀椀漀㼀 ⠀猀攀最㼀渀 攀氀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀琀漀 攀猀挀甀爀椀愀氀攀渀猀攀 䠀⸀䤀⸀㄀㔀⤀⸀  ഊIntroducci?n, edici?n, notas y vocabulario de Sagrario Rodr?guez M.  
਀䴀漀渀琀愀氀瘀漀⸀ 倀爀㼀氀漀最漀 搀攀 刀愀昀愀攀氀 䰀愀瀀攀猀愀⸀ 䴀愀搀爀椀搀 ㄀㤀㠀㄀⸀ഊ
਀䘀愀爀愀甀搀漀 搀攀 匀愀椀渀琀ⴀ䜀攀爀洀愀椀渀Ⰰ 䰀⸀㨀 一漀琀椀挀椀愀 搀攀 甀渀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀椀漀 瘀愀氀攀渀挀椀愀渀漀 搀攀氀  ഊsiglo XV. In: Bolet?n de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de  
਀䈀愀爀挀攀氀漀渀愀 ㄀㠀 ⠀㄀㤀㐀㔀⤀ ㄀㤀㈀ⴀ㈀㄀㘀⸀ഊ
਀一甀渀攀洀愀欀攀爀Ⰰ 䨀⸀䠀⸀㨀 吀栀攀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀 漀昀 䴀愀爀戀漀搀攀 愀渀搀 愀 匀瀀愀渀椀猀栀 愀搀愀瀀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ഊIn: Speculum 13 (1938) 62-67.
਀ഊNunemaker, J.H.: In pursuit of the sources of the Alfonsine  
਀氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀椀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀㨀 匀瀀攀挀甀氀甀洀 ㄀㐀 ⠀㄀㤀㌀㤀⤀⸀ഊ
਀䤀猀椀搀漀爀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 愀 最漀漀搀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 ⠀欀渀漀眀渀 愀猀 䤀猀椀搀漀爀 漀昀 匀攀瘀椀氀氀愀Ⰰ  ഊIsidorus Hispalensis). The text is online as well:
਀ഊhttp://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Isidore/16*.html
਀ഊEmilio
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㈀㠀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 ㈀㈀㨀㔀㠀㨀㐀㄀ ⴀ　㘀　　ഊFrom: "Terry Decker" <t.d.decker at worldnet.att.net>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊ>    While we are at it Daniel sent a website concerning precious stones
਀㸀 椀渀 琀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀 䔀洀瀀椀爀攀⸀ 伀戀瘀椀漀甀猀氀礀 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 刀漀洀愀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 眀攀愀爀椀渀最ഊ> precious stones in rings while eating to protect oneself against poison,
਀㸀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀 愀琀 栀愀渀搀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 攀猀猀愀礀⸀ 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀ഊ> important sentence: the "method of polishing diamonds was first
਀㸀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㐀㔀㘀Ⰰ 戀礀 䰀漀甀椀猀 䈀攀爀焀甀攀渀Ⰰ 愀 挀椀琀椀稀攀渀 漀昀 䈀爀甀最攀猀 ⸀∀  䘀愀猀挀椀渀愀琀椀渀最ഊ> cause such inventions travel slowly so probably when one of you said
਀㸀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 眀攀爀攀 挀栀攀愀瀀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 琀漀琀愀氀氀礀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀ഊ> because of the lack of polish. This points to a logic error on the part
਀㸀 漀昀 匀瀀愀渀椀猀栀 栀椀猀琀漀爀椀愀渀猀 挀氀愀椀洀椀渀最 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 眀攀爀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㐀㌀㐀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀ഊ> poison.
਀ഊHigh quality, natural octahedral diamonds are rare and are therefore very
਀挀漀猀琀氀礀⸀  倀氀椀渀礀✀猀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 ∀吀栀攀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰ 欀渀漀眀渀 昀漀爀 愀 氀漀渀最 琀椀洀攀 漀渀氀礀 琀漀ഊkings and then to very few of them, has a greater value than any other human
਀瀀漀猀猀攀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 洀攀爀攀氀礀 琀栀愀渀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 最攀洀猀琀漀渀攀⸀∀  䘀爀漀洀 琀栀椀猀Ⰰ 䤀 愀猀猀甀洀攀ഊRomans did not generally wear diamonds because they could not afford them
਀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 椀搀攀愀 琀栀愀琀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀 愀爀攀 挀栀攀愀瀀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀礀 氀愀挀欀ഊpolish is false.
਀ഊDiamond cutting increased the supply of available diamonds.  European
਀搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 戀攀最椀渀 椀渀 嘀攀渀椀挀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㄀㌀㌀　 愀渀搀 ㄀㌀㔀　⸀  吀栀攀ഊearliest representation of a facetting machine is by Zwolle in 1439.  The
਀㄀㐀㔀㘀 搀愀琀攀 昀漀爀 䈀攀爀焀甀攀渀 椀猀 漀瀀攀渀 琀漀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 猀漀洀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 氀椀猀琀 栀椀猀 戀椀爀琀栀 愀猀ഊ1450.  Berquen was the first cutter to grind off the upper and lower points
਀漀昀 琀栀攀 漀挀琀愀栀攀搀爀愀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀氀愀椀洀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀 眀栀漀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀ഊcutting to Europe is false.  Giacomo Tagliacarne is definitely contemporary
਀琀漀 䈀攀爀焀甀攀渀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀礀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 瀀爀攀搀愀琀攀猀 栀椀洀⸀ഊ
਀匀椀渀挀攀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 眀愀猀 㠀　ⴀ㄀　　 礀攀愀爀猀 漀氀搀 椀渀 ㄀㐀㌀㐀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀渀✀琀ഊwrite off the claims that they were used then to ward off poison without
਀焀甀椀琀攀 愀 戀椀琀 洀漀爀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀ഊ
਀䈀攀愀爀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Fri, 30 Nov 2007 15:13:46 -0800
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䐀愀瘀椀搀 䘀爀椀攀搀洀愀渀 㰀搀搀昀爀 愀琀 搀愀瘀椀搀搀昀爀椀攀搀洀愀渀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Precious stones to ward off evils
਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ
਀㸀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀 猀漀洀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀渀 樀愀搀攀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 愀猀 䤀 眀愀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 甀猀攀 椀琀ഊ> as part of my heraldic title.  Jade appears to have been encountered
਀㸀 昀椀爀猀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀渀椀猀栀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 眀愀猀ഊ> used as a specific against kidney disease.  Because of this, the
਀㸀 匀瀀愀渀椀猀栀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 ∀椀樀愀搀愀 搀攀 瀀椀攀搀爀愀∀ 漀爀 ∀猀琀漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 欀椀搀渀攀礀⸀∀ഊ
਀䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 戀漀琀爀礀漀椀搀愀氀 樀愀搀攀 氀漀漀欀猀ഊlike kidneys. I don't know if the name is
਀搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀猀ഊyou suggest.
਀ഊ> The French began use of the stone in jewelry after that and
਀㸀 琀爀愀渀猀氀椀琀攀爀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 渀愀洀攀 椀渀琀漀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀⸀⸀⸀挀愀渀✀琀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 琀栀攀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀ഊ> equivalent.  It then passed over the Channel into English as "jade."
਀㸀 吀栀椀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 猀攀洀椀ⴀ瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 樀愀搀攀Ⰰ 渀攀瀀栀爀椀琀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 眀栀愀琀ഊ> is mined in the Americas including central and South America as well
਀㸀 愀猀 䄀氀愀猀欀愀⸀  䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 漀昀 愀渀礀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀渀 挀氀漀猀攀 琀漀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 漀昀ഊ> precious jade, jadeite, in Europe.
਀ഊI'm not sure why you regard Jadeite as "precious"
਀愀渀搀 渀攀瀀栀爀椀琀攀 愀猀 ∀猀攀洀椀ⴀ瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀⸀∀ 䤀 挀愀渀✀琀 猀瀀攀愀欀 琀漀ഊChinese usage, but in western terminology both
਀愀爀攀 猀攀洀椀ⴀ瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀䴀礀 挀漀渀樀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 椀渀挀椀搀攀渀琀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 樀愀搀攀ഊwas greatly valued in China, rough jade found
਀戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 䌀栀椀渀愀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 眀攀猀琀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀 椀渀ഊBurma,, would get exported east rather than west.
਀䠀攀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 眀愀猀 甀渀欀渀漀眀渀 椀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀Ⰰഊunlike some other stones that also had to be
਀戀爀漀甀最栀琀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀戀氀攀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀㸀 吀栀椀猀 猀琀漀渀攀 椀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䌀栀椀渀愀 愀渀搀 椀渀ഊ> southeast Asia.  All of the ceremonial jade implements in China were
਀㸀 渀攀瀀栀爀椀琀攀 樀愀搀攀⸀⸀⸀愀渀搀 椀琀 眀愀猀 爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 愀猀 琀栀攀 ∀匀琀漀渀攀 漀昀 䠀攀愀瘀攀渀⸀∀  吀栀攀ഊ> character/kanji for Emperor is, interestingly enough, the same as jade
਀㸀 ⠀愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 瘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀 猀琀爀漀欀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀爀攀攀 栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀 猀琀爀漀欀攀猀⤀ 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀ഊ> dot added on the bottom crosswise stroke.
਀㸀ഊ> Kiri
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ ㌀　 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㜀 ㈀㈀㨀㄀㄀㨀㄀㤀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: "Elaine Koogler" <kiridono at gmail.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: "Cooks within the SCA" <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊOn Nov 30, 2007 6:13 PM, David Friedman <ddfr at daviddfriedman.com> wrote:
਀㸀 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 戀漀琀爀礀漀椀搀愀氀 樀愀搀攀 氀漀漀欀猀ഊ> like kidneys. I don't know if the name is
਀㸀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀猀ഊ> you suggest.
਀ഊThis was not conjecture on my part, but information that I gleaned from Web
਀猀椀琀攀猀 ⠀渀漀琀 圀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀Ⰰ 戀礀 琀栀攀 戀礀攀⤀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 猀椀琀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 樀攀洀ഊorganization.  Of course they could be wrong, but I think it's likely that
਀琀栀攀礀 欀渀攀眀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 琀愀氀欀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀猀 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀ഊinformation on several sites.  I don't remember which sites they were at the
਀洀漀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 搀漀 猀漀洀攀 爀攀挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀昀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀⸀ഊ
਀㸀 䤀✀洀 渀漀琀 猀甀爀攀 眀栀礀 礀漀甀 爀攀最愀爀搀 䨀愀搀攀椀琀攀 愀猀 ∀瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀∀ഊ> and nephrite as "semi-precious." I can't speak to
਀㸀 䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀 甀猀愀最攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀渀 眀攀猀琀攀爀渀 琀攀爀洀椀渀漀氀漀最礀 戀漀琀栀ഊ> are semi-precious stones.
਀ഊI guess this comes from the fact that I worked with Chinese jewelers in Hong
਀䬀漀渀最 愀渀搀 吀栀愀椀氀愀渀搀⸀⸀⸀愀渀搀 椀渀 䠀愀眀愀椀椀⸀⸀⸀愀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 眀栀愀琀 䤀 眀愀猀 琀漀氀搀⸀  䤀 愀氀猀漀ഊfound the information while doing independent research for my Masters degree
਀愀琀 琀栀攀 䘀爀攀攀爀 䜀愀氀氀攀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊSmithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C.  Also, as a shopkeeper selling
਀戀漀琀栀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 樀攀眀攀氀爀礀Ⰰ 䤀 挀愀渀 琀攀氀氀 礀漀甀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀挀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀ഊjade, at least in my experience were quite different.  Sometime, go into a
਀樀攀眀攀氀爀礀 猀琀漀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀椀稀攀猀 椀渀 樀愀搀攀 愀渀搀 瀀爀椀挀攀 愀 瀀椀攀挀攀 漀昀 䤀洀瀀攀爀椀愀氀 樀愀搀攀Ⰰഊone type of jadeite.  Imperial jade is a vibrant green jade that is so
਀琀爀愀渀猀氀甀挀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 愀 渀攀眀猀瀀愀瀀攀爀 挀愀渀 戀攀 爀攀愀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 ㄀⼀㠀∀ 瀀椀攀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀⸀ഊ
਀㸀 䴀礀 挀漀渀樀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 椀渀挀椀搀攀渀琀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 樀愀搀攀ഊ> was greatly valued in China, rough jade found
਀㸀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 䌀栀椀渀愀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 眀攀猀琀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀 椀渀ഊ> Burma,, would get exported east rather than west.
਀㸀 䠀攀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀 眀愀猀 甀渀欀渀漀眀渀 椀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀Ⰰഊ> unlike some other stones that also had to be
਀㸀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀戀氀攀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀䄀 瘀攀爀礀 瀀氀愀甀猀椀戀氀攀 攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀   夀漀甀爀 䜀爀愀挀攀Ⰰ 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 洀攀愀渀 琀漀 猀漀甀渀搀ഊargumentative...I just wanted you, and the rest of the list, to know that my
਀猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 洀愀搀攀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 猀漀洀攀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀ഊdone.
਀ഊKiri
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ 　㈀ 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㜀 ㈀　㨀㐀㄀㨀㄀㠀 ⴀ　㌀　　ഊFrom: Suey <lordhunt at gmail.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org
਀ഊReviewing the precious stones the only ones I have [seen] worn in rings to ward
਀漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀 椀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 匀瀀愀椀渀 愀爀攀㨀 愀最愀琀栀愀Ⰰ 挀爀椀猀漀瀀爀愀稀愀Ⰰ 挀漀爀愀氀Ⰰ 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰഊemerald, garnet, jacinth or hyacinth, mannera? (unidentified precious
਀猀琀漀渀攀⤀Ⰰ 䰀⸀ ⼀洀愀渀甀猀⼀Ⰰ 栀愀渀搀 ⬀ 愀爀椀甀洀 ⠀愀爀椀漀 嬀爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀崀⤀Ⰰ 洀甀猀琀椀欀愀ഊbezoar pearls, quartz, ruby, serpentine and sard or carnelian. Funny
਀琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 ㄀㈀⸀ 圀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 ㄀㈀ 猀琀漀渀攀猀 䄀瀀漀挀愀氀椀瀀猀椀猀 ㈀㄀㨀㈀　㼀 䴀漀猀琀 漀昀 洀椀渀攀ഊcome from Villena who generalizes saying they annul poison in foods and
਀瀀漀氀氀甀琀攀搀 愀椀爀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 猀愀琀椀猀昀礀 洀攀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 洀漀爀攀 琀漀 椀琀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀ഊcold stones for evils in warm foods and warm stones for those in cold  
਀昀漀漀搀猀⸀ഊ
਀匀甀攀礀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Mon, 03 Dec 2007 12:55:23 +1300
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䄀搀攀氀攀 搀攀 䴀愀椀猀椀攀爀攀猀 㰀氀愀搀礀愀搀攀氀攀 愀琀 瀀愀爀愀搀椀猀攀⸀渀攀琀⸀渀稀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Precious stones to ward off evils
਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ
਀匀甀攀礀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Reviewing the precious stones the only ones I have worn in rings to ward
਀㸀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀 椀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 匀瀀愀椀渀 愀爀攀㨀 愀最愀琀栀愀Ⰰ 挀爀椀猀漀瀀爀愀稀愀Ⰰ 挀漀爀愀氀Ⰰ 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰഊ> emerald, garnet, jacinth or hyacinth, mannera? (unidentified precious
਀㸀 猀琀漀渀攀⤀Ⰰ 䰀⸀ ⼀洀愀渀甀猀⼀Ⰰ 栀愀渀搀 ⬀ 愀爀椀甀洀 ⠀愀爀椀漀 嬀爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀崀⤀Ⰰ 洀甀猀琀椀欀愀ഊ> bezoar pearls, quartz, ruby, serpentine and sard or carnelian. Funny
਀㸀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 ㄀㈀⸀ 圀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 ㄀㈀ 猀琀漀渀攀猀 䄀瀀漀挀愀氀椀瀀猀椀猀 ㈀㄀㨀㈀　㼀ഊ
਀㄀㤀 䄀渀搀 琀栀攀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀愀氀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀椀琀礀 眀攀爀攀 最愀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀氀氀ഊmanner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second,
਀猀愀瀀瀀栀椀爀攀㬀 琀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀Ⰰ 愀 挀栀愀氀挀攀搀漀渀礀㬀 琀栀攀 昀漀甀爀琀栀Ⰰ 愀渀 攀洀攀爀愀氀搀㬀ഊ
਀㈀　 吀栀攀 昀椀昀琀栀Ⰰ 猀愀爀搀漀渀礀砀㬀 琀栀攀 猀椀砀琀栀Ⰰ 猀愀爀搀椀甀猀㬀 琀栀攀 猀攀瘀攀渀琀栀Ⰰ 挀栀爀礀猀漀氀礀琀攀㬀 琀栀攀ഊeighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the
਀攀氀攀瘀攀渀琀栀Ⰰ 愀 樀愀挀椀渀琀栀㬀 琀栀攀 琀眀攀氀昀琀栀Ⰰ 愀渀 愀洀攀琀栀礀猀琀⸀ഊ-- 
਀䄀搀攀氀攀 搀攀 䴀愀椀猀椀攀爀攀猀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Sun, 02 Dec 2007 19:20:57 -0500
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䜀爀攀琀挀栀攀渀 䈀攀挀欀 㰀最爀洀 愀琀 愀渀搀爀攀眀⸀挀洀甀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Precious stones to ward off evils
਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ
਀ⴀⴀ伀渀 匀甀渀搀愀礀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 　㈀Ⰰ ㈀　　㜀 㘀㨀㄀㐀 倀䴀 ⴀ　㘀　　 吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀ഊ<t.d.decker at worldnet.att.net> wrote:
਀㸀 吀栀攀 焀甀椀挀欀 爀攀昀 䤀✀洀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 愀琀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀猀 ∀椀樀愀搀愀∀ 愀猀 昀氀愀渀欀 愀渀搀 ∀瀀椀攀搀爀愀 搀攀ഊ> ijada" as flank stone.  It derives from the Latin "ilia" and  
਀㸀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 樀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 ∀氀✀攀樀愀搀攀⸀∀ഊ
਀䘀圀䤀圀Ⰰ 栀攀爀攀✀猀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 伀砀昀漀爀搀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 猀愀礀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀  ഊetymology of the word "jade"
਀ഊ[= F. le jade (1667 in Hatz.-Darm.), for l'ejade (Voiture, 1633) =  It. iada
਀⠀䘀氀漀爀椀漀Ⰰ ㄀㔀㤀㠀⤀Ⰰ 愀搀⸀ 匀瀀⸀ 椀樀愀搀愀 椀渀 瀀椀攀搀爀愀 搀攀 椀樀愀搀愀 漀爀 礀樀愀搀愀 ⠀䴀漀渀愀爀搀攀猀Ⰰ ㄀㔀㘀㤀⤀Ⰰഊlit. ?colic stone?, f. ijada, yjada, ?the small ribs, the collike, the
਀昀氀愀渀欀攀㼀 ⠀䴀椀渀猀栀攀甀⤀㬀 挀昀⸀ 琀栀攀 猀礀渀漀渀礀洀 一䔀倀䠀刀䤀吀䔀Ⰰ 昀⸀ 䜀爀⸀  欀椀搀渀攀礀猀Ⰰ 爀攀椀渀猀⸀ഊ   The transformation of F. l'ejade fem. into le jade masc. was an error
਀洀愀搀攀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀 眀愀猀 愀猀 礀攀琀 甀渀昀愀洀椀氀椀愀爀㨀 猀攀攀 䄀琀栀攀渀㼀甀洀Ⰰ ㈀　 伀挀琀⸀ ㄀㤀　　⸀崀ഊ
਀琀漀漀搀氀攀猀Ⰰ 洀愀爀最愀爀攀琀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Sun, 2 Dec 2007 18:26:35 -0600
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀∀ 㰀琀⸀搀⸀搀攀挀欀攀爀 愀琀 眀漀爀氀搀渀攀琀⸀愀琀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Precious stones to ward off evils
਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ
਀吀眀攀氀瘀攀⸀  吀眀攀氀瘀攀 洀漀渀琀栀猀Ⰰ 琀眀攀氀瘀攀 猀椀最渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 娀漀搀椀愀挀⸀  吀栀攀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 匀甀攀礀 氀椀猀琀攀搀ഊare a mix of ancient and modern birthstones.  The ones listed by Adele are
਀琀栀攀 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 戀椀爀琀栀猀琀漀渀攀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 䤀✀洀 渀漀琀 洀椀猀琀愀欀攀渀⸀  吀栀椀猀 猀甀最最攀猀琀 琀漀 洀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀ഊstones are believed to be related to the signs of the Zodiac and that their
਀愀猀猀甀洀攀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀猀 洀愀礀 搀攀爀椀瘀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 瘀椀爀琀甀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀椀最渀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀ഊrelated.  Just a thought.
਀ഊBear
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㌀ 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㜀 　㈀㨀㄀㜀㨀㐀㠀 ⬀　　　　 ⠀䜀䴀吀⤀ഊFrom: emilio szabo <emilio_szabo at yahoo.it>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org
਀ഊ> Twelve.  Twelve months, twelve signs of the Zodiac.
਀ഊThe Middle English "Boke of Stones", edited by Keiser in 1984, starts  
਀漀昀昀 眀椀琀栀 戀椀戀氀椀挀愀氀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀洀漀渀最 漀琀栀攀爀猀 琀漀 ㈀ 䴀漀猀攀 ⠀䔀砀漀搀甀猀⤀ ㈀㠀Ⰰ㄀㜀Ⰰ  ഊwhich deals with the priest Aaron. The twelve precious stones are  
਀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀眀攀氀瘀攀 猀漀渀猀 漀昀 䤀猀爀愀攀氀 ⠀琀栀攀 嘀甀氀最愀琀愀 猀愀礀猀㨀  ഊ"habebuntque nomina filiorum Israhel").
਀ഊ"And wyse men shulde not doute that god ne hath put vertu In stones &  
਀栀攀爀戀攀猀 ☀ 眀漀爀搀攀猀⸀ഊ& who-so beleueth hit not, but ayeinseith hit, he ne is but a synner.  
਀吀栀攀 戀椀戀氀攀 眀椀琀渀攀猀猀攀琀栀 栀椀琀 琀栀愀琀 最漀搀 挀漀洀洀愀甀渀搀攀搀 戀攀 栀椀猀 洀漀甀琀栀 琀漀 洀漀礀猀攀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀栀攀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 猀栀甀氀搀攀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀 琀眀攀氀甀攀 猀琀漀渀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 眀栀攀挀栀 栀攀 栀愀搀 洀礀搀攀 嬀漀昀崀 洀愀渀礀 洀愀渀攀爀攀猀 椀渀 愀 洀漀漀猀 挀氀攀渀攀 ☀ 昀椀渀攀Ⰰ 焀甀愀爀爀攀 漀昀 昀漀甀爀攀 栀愀渀搀戀爀攀搀攀 漀昀 氀攀渀挀琀栀 ☀ 戀爀攀搀攀 椀渀 昀漀甀爀攀 挀漀爀渀攀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀 攀甀攀爀礀 挀漀爀渀攀爀 琀栀爀攀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 ⠀⸀⸀⸀⤀ ☀ 栀愀渀最攀搀 瘀瀀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 戀爀攀猀琀攀 漀昀 愀愀爀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 瀀爀攀攀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀攀眀礀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 渀愀洀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀眀攀氀甀攀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 最漀搀ഊhath named to moyses the prophete be his mouth ben thise: The firste stone ...".
਀ഊSimilarly, the "Lapidaire de Philippe" says: "... Et doit on sauoir que par le commendement nostre seignor furent mises .Xii. pierres preciouses en .i. pairement que fust mis sor le pis Aaron, le premier prestre des iuis. ...".
਀ഊEmilio
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㈀ 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㜀 ㈀㈀㨀㄀㘀㨀　㄀ ⴀ　㠀　　ഊFrom: David Friedman <ddfr at daviddfriedman.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 倀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀猀 琀漀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀猀ഊTo: Cooks within the SCA <sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org>
਀ഊ> Reviewing the precious stones the only ones I have worn in rings to  
਀㸀 眀愀爀搀 漀昀昀 攀瘀椀氀 椀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 匀瀀愀椀渀 愀爀攀㨀 愀最愀琀栀愀Ⰰ 挀爀椀猀漀瀀爀愀稀愀Ⰰഊ
਀䌀栀爀礀猀漀瀀爀愀猀攀㼀ഊ
਀㸀  挀漀爀愀氀Ⰰ 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰഊ> emerald, garnet, jacinth or hyacinth, mannera? (unidentified precious
਀㸀 猀琀漀渀攀⤀Ⰰ 䰀⸀ ⼀洀愀渀甀猀⼀Ⰰ 栀愀渀搀 ⬀ 愀爀椀甀洀 ⠀愀爀椀漀 嬀爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀崀⤀Ⰰ 洀甀猀琀椀欀愀ഊ> bezoar pearls, quartz, ruby, serpentine and sard or carnelian. Funny
਀㸀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 ㄀㈀⸀ 圀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 ㄀㈀ 猀琀漀渀攀猀 䄀瀀漀挀愀氀椀瀀猀椀猀 ㈀㄀㨀㈀　㼀 䴀漀猀琀 漀昀 洀椀渀攀ഊ> come from Villena who generalizes saying they annul poison in foods and
਀㸀 瀀漀氀氀甀琀攀搀 愀椀爀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 猀愀琀椀猀昀礀 洀攀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 洀漀爀攀 琀漀 椀琀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀ഊ> cold stones for evils in warm foods and warm stones for those in  
਀㸀 挀漀氀搀 昀漀漀搀猀⸀ഊ> Suey
਀ഊI think a number of sources claim that amethyst defends against  
਀搀爀甀渀欀攀渀渀攀猀猀⸀ഊ-- 
਀䐀愀瘀椀搀⼀䌀愀爀椀愀搀漀挀ഊwww.daviddfriedman.com
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㈀㘀 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㜀 ㈀㄀㨀㌀㘀㨀㔀㤀 ⴀ　㌀　　ഊFrom: Suey <lordhunt at gmail.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 䜀攀洀猀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀椀渀最 瀀漀椀猀漀渀椀渀最ഊTo: sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org
਀ഊMy reference to this subject comes from Luis Alonso Luengo's speech
਀漀渀 琀栀攀 匀甀攀爀漀 搀攀 儀甀椀渀漀渀攀猀 樀漀甀猀琀椀渀最 琀漀甀爀渀愀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 ㄀㐀㌀㐀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 甀渀欀椀渀搀氀礀 搀漀攀猀ഊnot give his source here but quotes that the stones worn on the fingers
਀眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 ✀爀甀戀礀Ⰰ 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀Ⰰ 樀愀挀椀渀琀栀 漀爀 栀礀愀挀椀渀琀栀Ⰰ 挀漀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 猀愀爀搀 漀爀ഊcarnelian plus lapidary.' He goes on to the cold stone: diamond; hot:
਀∀洀愀渀渀攀爀愀∀㬀 愀渀搀 ∀最愀氀愀挀椀漀Ⰰ∀ ✀眀栀椀挀栀 愀琀琀爀愀挀琀猀 挀氀漀甀搀猀✀㼀㼀㼀 圀栀礀 搀漀 眀攀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀ഊattract clouds?
਀ഊ     Curious the diamond, mentioned twice, after what you said Emilio,
਀琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀氀礀 瀀漀氀椀猀栀攀搀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀琀攀爀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀ഊC. On the other hand, I find Alonso Luengo the most faithful to
਀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀椀渀最 眀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 猀愀椀搀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 漀渀 匀瀀愀渀椀猀栀 䰀攀漀渀攀猀攀ഊcooking, the speeches of which were published in 1994. Alonso is right
਀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 嘀椀氀氀攀渀愀 愀渀搀 匀愀渀挀栀攀稀 䄀氀戀漀爀渀漀稀 焀甀漀琀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀     䤀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀礀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀渀昀漀 漀渀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊstones mentioned above to prevent poisoning, hot or cold, relations to
਀琀栀攀 昀漀甀爀 栀甀洀漀爀猀 攀琀挀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 昀愀猀挀椀渀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 洀攀⸀ഊ
਀匀甀攀礀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Thu, 27 Dec 2007 19:13:51 -0300
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 匀甀攀礀 㰀氀漀爀搀栀甀渀琀 愀琀 最洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: [Sca-cooks] Gems preventing poisoning
਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最ഊ
਀     伀渀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀猀Ⰰ 䔀洀椀氀椀漀 眀爀漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 瀀漀氀椀猀栀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀氀礀ഊuntil the 1450's he believes them an error but the original source turns
਀漀甀琀 琀漀 戀攀 䨀甀愀渀 搀攀 䔀渀挀椀渀愀 眀栀漀 眀爀漀琀攀 琀栀椀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㄀㐀㌀㤀ⴀ㄀㐀㐀　 愀渀搀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀ഊthem twice in the text on Suero de Qui?ones jousting tournament.
਀ഊ     Got a gem of a gem today - "galicio". There was an area in Turkey
਀琀漀搀愀礀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 䜀愀氀椀挀椀愀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 漀昀 匀瀀愀椀渀⸀ 䤀 昀椀渀搀 渀漀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀ഊname for this. It comes from Encina as well. Does anyone have any idea
਀眀栀愀琀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀㼀 䤀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 攀瘀攀渀 昀愀琀栀漀洀 愀 挀漀氀漀爀 昀漀爀 椀琀⸀ ✀䤀琀 昀爀攀攀搀ഊeaters of poisonous foods and other misfortunes that could occur while
਀攀愀琀椀渀最⸀✀ഊ
਀匀甀攀礀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Thu, 27 Dec 2007 23:27:40 +0000 (GMT)
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 攀洀椀氀椀漀 猀稀愀戀漀 㰀攀洀椀氀椀漀开猀稀愀戀漀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀⸀椀琀㸀ഊSubject: [Sca-cooks] Gems preventing poisoning
਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最ഊ
਀㸀 ⸀⸀⸀ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 眀椀琀栀 礀漀甀爀ഊ> citations in Italian, German and Middle English...If you prefer  
਀㸀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀㨀 䴀愀渀礀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 猀椀琀攀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 漀氀搀  ഊ> sources
਀椀渀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 瀀愀爀愀瀀栀爀愀猀攀㨀ഊ
਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀樀樀欀攀渀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀⼀瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀ⴀ猀琀漀渀攀猀ⴀ最甀椀搀攀ⴀ瘀漀氀㤀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀ഊ
਀䔀⸀最⸀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀樀樀欀攀渀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀⼀洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀ⴀ瘀椀爀琀甀攀猀ⴀ攀洀攀爀愀氀搀猀⸀栀琀洀ഊ("... The emerald was employed as an antidote
਀昀漀爀 瀀漀椀猀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 瀀漀椀猀漀渀攀搀 眀漀甀渀搀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 搀攀洀漀渀椀愀挀愀氀ഊpossession. (Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X, Codice Original, Madrid,
਀㄀㠀㠀㄀Ⰰ 昀⸀ 砀瘀⸀⤀∀⤀ഊ
਀吀栀椀猀 瀀愀猀猀愀最攀 椀渀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 䌀愀猀琀椀氀椀愀渀 戀礀 䴀愀爀椀愀 䈀爀攀礀  ഊMarino as follows:
਀ഊ46. De la piedra que tiene nombre "zamorat".
਀䐀攀氀 搀㼀挀椀洀漀猀攀砀琀漀 最爀愀搀漀 搀攀氀 猀椀最渀漀 搀攀 吀愀甀爀漀 攀猀 氀愀 瀀椀攀搀爀愀 愀ഊque dicen en ar?bigo "zamorat" y en latin "esmeralda". Esta piedra
਀攀猀 瘀攀爀搀攀Ⰰ 搀攀 洀甀礀 栀攀爀洀漀猀愀 瘀攀爀搀甀爀愀Ⰰ 礀 挀甀愀渀琀漀 洀㼀猀 氀漀 攀猀Ⰰ 琀愀渀琀漀 攀猀ഊmejor. Mezclada es de naturaleza de tierra y de piedra; y
਀攀猀Ⰰ 搀攀 猀甀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀攀稀愀Ⰰ 昀爀㼀愀 礀 猀攀挀愀⸀ 䠀㼀挀攀猀攀 洀甀挀栀愀 攀渀 氀愀猀 洀椀渀愀猀ഊde oro y h?llanla en tierra de Occidente m?s que en otro lugar.
਀ഊSu virtud es tal que sirve contra todos los t?sigos mortales
਀礀 栀攀爀椀搀愀猀 漀 洀漀爀搀攀搀甀爀愀猀 搀攀 戀攀猀琀椀愀猀 瘀攀渀攀渀漀猀愀猀㬀 猀椀 琀漀洀愀爀攀渀 搀攀 攀氀氀愀ഊpeso de una dracma, la molieren, la cernieren y la dieren a beber
਀挀漀渀 瘀椀渀漀 漀 挀漀渀 愀最甀愀 愀氀 栀漀洀戀爀攀 攀渀瘀攀渀攀渀愀搀漀Ⰰ 猀愀渀愀Ⰰ 焀甀攀 渀漀 洀甀攀爀攀 ⸀⸀⸀ഊ
਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 椀猀 猀愀椀搀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 眀攀愀爀 琀栀攀  ഊgemstone around your neck, on the left hand etc.
਀ഊHere is C.W. King's "Antique gems"; it includes a translation of Marbod's
਀䰀椀戀攀爀 搀攀 氀愀瀀椀搀椀戀甀猀 猀攀甀 搀攀 最攀洀洀椀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀ഊtext during the Middle Ages.
਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀戀漀漀欀猀⸀最漀漀最氀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀戀漀漀欀猀㼀 ഊid=PRgGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:gems&lr=&num=100&as_brr=1
਀ഊMarbod starts here:
਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀戀漀漀欀猀⸀最漀漀最氀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀戀漀漀欀猀㼀 ഊid=PRgGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:gems&lr=&num=100&as_brr=1 
਀⌀倀倀䄀㌀㠀㤀Ⰰ䴀㄀ഊ(John Riddle, in his edition of Marbod, suggests alternative  
਀琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 渀漀眀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 戀甀琀 猀琀椀氀氀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀猀 䬀椀渀最✀猀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀⤀ഊ
਀䌀漀甀氀搀 礀漀甀 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 焀甀漀琀攀Ⰰ 眀栀愀琀 䄀氀昀漀渀猀漀 䰀甀攀渀最漀 眀爀漀琀攀㼀ഊ
਀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 瘀愀氀甀愀戀氀攀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀猀 唀爀戀愀渀 吀椀最渀攀爀 䠀漀氀洀攀猀✀猀 ∀䴀攀搀椀愀攀瘀愀氀 最攀洀  ഊstones", published in Speculum, vol. 9, 1934, pages 195-204. Among  
਀漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 栀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀漀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 欀椀渀最猀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 猀攀攀 眀栀愀琀 欀椀渀搀猀  ഊof gems they really had.
਀ഊThere is also a 15th century spanisch adaption of Marbode, on which  
਀猀攀攀 一甀渀攀洀愀欀攀爀 椀渀 愀 猀栀漀爀琀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀渀 匀瀀攀挀甀氀甀洀Ⰰ 瘀漀氀⸀ ㄀㌀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㌀㠀Ⰰ 瀀愀最攀 㘀㈀ⴀ㘀㜀⸀ഊ
਀伀昀 挀漀甀爀猀攀Ⰰ 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀氀搀 琀攀砀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 漀瀀攀渀猀 愀 昀椀攀氀搀ഊwhich is much wider. E.g., there is a transcription of
਀琀栀攀 ∀䰀愀瀀椀搀愀椀爀攀∀ 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 琀漀 䨀攀愀渀 搀攀 䴀愀渀搀攀瘀椀氀氀攀㨀ഊ
਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀甀渀椀瘀ⴀ瀀爀漀瘀攀渀挀攀⸀昀爀⼀䰀漀挀愀氀⼀挀甀攀爀洀愀⼀搀椀爀⼀甀猀攀爀ⴀ㄀　㠀㘀⼀䜀漀渀琀攀爀漀ⴀ ഊlapidaireFV.pdf
਀ഊA printed "lapidaire en francoys compose par messire Jehan des  
਀洀愀渀搀攀甀椀氀氀攀 挀栀攀甀愀氀椀攀爀∀ഊis online at http://gallica.bnf.fr
਀吀栀椀猀 琀攀砀琀Ⰰ 攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 猀愀礀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 愀戀漀甀琀 ∀䰀攀 搀礀愀洀愀渀琀∀ 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 ∀昀甀椀琀  ഊvenin" (makes poison flee);
਀吀栀椀猀 攀挀栀漀猀 愀 瀀愀猀猀愀最攀 椀渀 䴀愀爀戀漀搀✀猀 ∀䐀攀 愀搀愀洀愀渀琀攀∀㨀 ∀䄀琀爀愀 瘀攀渀攀渀愀 昀甀最愀琀∀  ഊ'it chases away black poisions' (John Riddle, improving on King's  
਀琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀⤀⸀ഊ
਀䔀洀椀氀椀漀ഊ
਀ഊDate: Fri, 28 Dec 2007 20:13:19 -0300
਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 匀甀攀礀 㰀氀漀爀搀栀甀渀琀 愀琀 最洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: [Sca-cooks] Gems preventing poisoning
਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最ഊ
਀䴀礀 洀愀渀礀 琀栀愀渀欀猀 琀漀 䔀洀椀氀椀漀 匀稀愀戀漀 昀漀爀 礀漀甀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀氀氀ഊthe websites you provided. I think now I can almost complete my own
਀栀漀洀攀眀漀爀欀 愀猀猀椀最渀洀攀渀琀 戀攀琀琀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀砀琀 䔀洀椀氀椀漀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 椀猀 愀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀㨀ഊ
਀䄀氀漀渀猀漀 䰀甀攀渀最漀Ⰰ 䰀甀椀猀Ⰰ ∀䰀愀 䜀愀猀琀爀漀渀漀洀椀愀 攀渀 攀氀 瀀愀猀猀漀 栀漀渀爀漀猀漀 搀攀 匀甀攀爀漀 搀攀ഊQui?ones. _Actas del congreso de gastronom?a popular leonesa_.
਀䐀椀瀀甀琀愀挀椀㼀渀 倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀椀愀氀 搀攀 䰀攀㼀渀⸀ ㄀㤀㐀㐀㨀㐀㐀㨀ഊ
਀             匀攀㼀愀氀愀渀 氀漀猀 氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀椀漀猀Ⰰ 焀甀攀 挀愀搀愀 瀀椀攀搀爀愀 瀀爀攀挀椀漀猀愀 愀挀甀洀甀氀愀ഊ"/virtud contra determinada ponzo?a e aire infecto: rub?, diamante, e
਀最椀最漀爀稀愀Ⰰ 攀 挀漀爀愀氀Ⰰ 攀 漀氀椀挀漀爀渀椀漀⸀ ⸀ ⸀⼀∀ 夀 氀椀戀爀愀渀 愀 氀漀猀 挀漀洀攀渀猀愀氀攀猀 搀攀 氀漀猀ഊdiab?licos venenos de los alimentos y otras desgracias que al comer
਀瀀甀攀搀愀渀 愀挀漀渀琀攀挀攀爀⸀ 䄀猀㼀Ⰰ 攀氀 挀漀爀愀氀 搀攀琀椀攀渀攀 攀氀 爀愀礀漀㬀 攀氀 ∀最愀氀愀挀椀漀∀ 愀琀爀愀攀 愀ഊlas nubes; el "granate" recoge el calor; y aquella piedra preciosa del
਀䜀爀愀渀 䌀栀愀洀戀攀爀氀愀渀 焀甀攀 挀甀愀渀搀漀 愀氀最甀渀漀 搀椀挀攀 攀渀 猀甀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀椀愀 甀渀愀 洀攀渀琀椀爀愀Ⰰ 洀甀搀愀ഊel color. Y otras en fin, comenta Villena -- "como la que se face con el
਀挀漀爀愀稀㼀渀 搀攀 漀洀攀 洀甀攀爀琀漀 挀漀渀 瘀攀渀攀渀漀 攀渀搀甀爀攀挀椀搀漀 漀 氀愀瀀椀爀椀昀椀挀愀搀漀 挀漀渀 昀甀攀最漀ഊrevervante", piedra esta que, puesta sobre las l?as o guantes que ha de
਀甀猀愀爀 攀氀 䴀愀攀猀琀爀攀猀愀氀愀Ⰰ 琀椀攀渀攀 琀愀氀 瀀漀搀攀爀 焀甀攀 攀渀氀愀稀愀 挀漀渀 氀愀 爀㼀戀爀椀挀愀 搀攀 猀甀ഊfulgor extraordinarios, todo los fulgores de las dem?s piedras preciosas
਀ⴀⴀ 焀甀攀 攀猀琀㼀渀 攀渀 氀愀 洀愀渀漀 搀攀 挀愀搀愀 挀漀洀攀渀猀愀氀 ⴀⴀ 礀 猀椀攀渀琀愀 甀渀愀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀挀椀㼀渀  ഊgeneral contra todos los maleficios diab?licos.
਀ഊ             Dos clases de piedras preciosas se?alan los lapidarios como
਀攀猀攀渀挀椀愀氀攀猀 瀀愀爀 攀氀 挀漀洀攀爀㨀 氀愀猀 瀀椀攀搀爀愀猀 ⼀昀爀㼀愀猀 ⼀ⴀⴀ 愀 氀愀 挀愀戀攀稀愀 攀氀 搀椀愀洀愀渀琀攀ഊ-- contra los maleficios de los alimentos calientes o de sangre - como  
਀氀愀 挀愀爀渀攀 ⴀ 㬀 礀 氀愀猀 瀀椀攀搀爀愀猀 挀愀氀椀攀渀琀攀猀 ⴀⴀ 攀氀 最爀愀渀愀琀攀 礀 氀愀 洀愀渀攀爀愀 挀漀渀琀爀愀ഊlos maleficios de alimentos fr?os -  no de sangre -- como los pescados.
਀ഊNow I see by this that not only can I not find what 'galacio' is but I
਀愀洀 洀椀猀猀椀渀最 挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀琀漀渀攀㨀ഊ
਀⨀最椀最漀爀稀愀Ⰰ⨀ ⨀最漀爀最漀爀㼀愀⨀Ⰰ ㄀⸀ 愀渀 甀渀椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀⸀ 䤀琀 眀愀猀 瘀愀氀甀攀搀ഊas much as a diamond or ruby, thought to annul poison in foods and had
਀瀀漀眀攀爀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 栀愀瀀瀀椀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀Ⰰ 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀甀爀攀猀 愀洀漀渀最ഊother things. 2. a green apple. It was used to raise the spirits,
਀攀最漀椀猀洀Ⰰ 琀攀渀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀 渀椀最栀琀洀愀爀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 眀椀琀栀 渀攀眀ഊendeavors and attract friendships. 3. a 13^th   C sculptured amulet. In
਀椀琀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 椀洀愀最攀 漀昀 愀 戀甀氀氀 琀漀 昀漀爀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 攀礀攀猀Ⰰ 猀琀漀瀀 栀攀洀漀爀爀栀愀最椀渀最Ⰰഊalleviate rheumatism and if a little piece of money was carried with it
਀愀琀 愀氀氀 琀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 眀愀猀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀⸀ ⨀⨀ഊ
਀    圀栀攀爀攀 䤀 最漀琀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 椀渀昀漀 椀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 洀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 ✀最椀最漀爀稀愀✀ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 栀攀愀爀搀 漀昀 椀猀 䔀洀椀氀椀漀 搀椀 䜀椀最漀爀稀愀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 戀愀爀椀琀漀渀攀Ⰰ 猀攀挀漀渀搀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀 漀昀 䔀洀洀愀 䔀愀洀攀猀⸀ഊ
਀     䤀 挀愀渀✀琀 昀椀渀搀 琀栀攀 䰀愀琀椀渀 氀椀渀欀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ✀䔀洀椀氀椀漀✀ 愀渀搀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 瘀愀氀甀愀戀氀攀ഊgreen stone I believe, any ideas?
਀ഊSuey
਀ഊ
਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀愀琀Ⰰ ㈀㤀 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㜀 ㄀㤀㨀㄀㐀㨀㈀㐀 ⴀ　㌀　　ഊFrom: Suey <lordhunt at gmail.com>
਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀  䜀攀洀猀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀椀渀最 瀀漀椀猀漀渀椀渀最ഊTo: sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org
਀ഊI wrote:
਀㸀 ⨀最椀最漀爀稀愀Ⰰ⨀ ⨀最漀爀最漀爀㼀愀⨀Ⰰ ㄀⸀ 愀渀 甀渀椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 猀琀漀渀攀⸀ 䤀琀 眀愀猀 瘀愀氀甀攀搀ഊ> as much as a diamond or ruby, thought to annul poison in foods and had
਀㸀 瀀漀眀攀爀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 栀愀瀀瀀椀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀Ⰰ 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀甀爀攀猀  ഊ> among other things. 2. a green apple. ble, ble, ble.
਀ഊ     Nay, nay nay. That's a bunch of garbage! Just answered my own
਀焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䜀椀最漀爀稀愀  椀猀 伀氀搀 䌀愀猀琀攀氀氀愀渀 昀漀爀 樀愀挀椀渀琀栀Ⰰ 栀礀愀挀椀渀琀栀Ⰰ 愀ഊreddish-orange gem. As per Villena it prevented death from poisoning if
਀眀漀爀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 昀椀渀最攀爀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 洀攀愀氀猀⸀ഊ
਀     䰀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 攀氀猀攀 䤀 挀愀洀攀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 刀愀礀洀漀渀搀 䰀氀甀氀氀✀猀  ⠀㄀㈀㌀㈀ⴀ㄀㌀㄀㔀⤀ഊopinion of the diamond: "it stops and prevents all intruding poisons. .
਀⸀ ∀  栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀渀漀爀愀⸀栀搀⸀甀椀戀⸀渀漀⼀渀漀渀⼀攀挀栀琀⼀戀甀搀愀瀀攀猀琀⼀匀攀氀昀爀攀瀀爀⼀猀礀洀戀漀氀⸀栀琀洀ഊI think in Aragon, at least, the opinion of the diamond was higher than
਀䔀洀椀氀椀漀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 攀瘀攀渀 琀栀漀甀最栀 椀琀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀氀礀 瀀漀氀椀猀栀攀搀 甀渀琀椀氀 眀攀氀氀ഊafter Llull's death.
਀ഊSuey
਀ഊ
਀吀漀㨀 䔀䬀䴀攀琀愀氀猀洀椀琀栀猀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀最爀漀甀瀀猀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubj: help with chemical questions
਀倀漀猀琀攀搀 戀礀㨀 ∀䴀椀爀椀攀氀∀ 洀椀爀椀攀氀⸀挀爀愀眀昀漀爀搀 愀琀 最洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀   搀爀最渀栀氀爀ഊDate: Wed Jan 2, 2008 11:15 pm (PST)
਀ഊI am researching period gem manufacturing (lapidary) and have
਀瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 愀 眀愀礀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 伀渀礀砀 猀琀漀渀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 搀漀渀攀 椀渀ഊperiod.
਀吀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀琀栀攀戀攀愀搀猀椀琀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀唀一䤀ⴀ伀一夀堀⸀栀琀洀氀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀ഊsulphuric acid was used, or rather, can be used to help dye/heat
਀挀栀愀渀最攀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀 愀最愀琀攀 琀漀 漀渀礀砀⸀ഊ
਀䤀 欀渀漀眀 琀栀椀渀最猀 氀椀欀攀 䐀爀愀椀渀ⴀ伀 栀愀瘀攀 猀甀氀瀀栀甀爀椀挀 愀挀椀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀琀 愀氀猀漀ഊhas other stuff - what are the pure forms of sulphuric acid, can it be
਀挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀爀挀栀愀猀攀搀 ⠀礀攀猀Ⰰ 䤀∀洀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀 琀爀礀 愀渀搀 愀渀猀眀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 愀渀礀眀愀礀 ⴀഊno I don't care about government 'watchlists'), and could some other
਀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 愀 猀甀戀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀㼀ഊ
਀䤀✀搀 氀椀欀攀 琀漀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 愀渀 愀挀琀甀愀氀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀椀猀⸀ 吀栀愀渀欀猀⸀ഊ
਀䴀椀爀椀攀氀ഊ
਀ഊRe: help with chemical questions
਀倀漀猀琀攀搀 戀礀㨀 ∀䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 䈀攀爀最洀愀渀∀ 最爀椀昀愀爀漀猀琀漀 愀琀 挀漀洀挀愀猀琀⸀渀攀琀   攀挀氀攀挀琀椀挀洀愀最瀀椀攀ഊThu Jan 3, 2008 6:35 am (PST)
਀ഊAll that said, what's the procedure that you've read about, and where 
਀搀椀搀 礀漀甀 爀攀愀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 椀琀㼀ഊ
਀䈀爀椀琀愀渀渀椀挀愀 栀愀猀 漀渀攀 栀攀爀攀㨀ഊhttp://books.google.com/books?id=TKcMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=converting+agate+to+onyx&source=web&ots=fTD8Ff9yQN&sig=AZogFavsUmPkQEOOjV2VPP_8bl4
਀ഊIt sounds like this process is basically one of introducing honey 
਀椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀漀爀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀挀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 戀甀爀渀椀渀最 椀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀甀氀瀀栀甀爀椀挀 ഊacid, leaving carbon deposits. This would require a fairly strong 
਀⠀愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀 搀愀渀最攀爀漀甀猀⤀ 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀氀瀀栀甀爀椀挀 愀挀椀搀⸀ഊ
਀䠀愀爀愀氀搀 䰀漀渀最昀攀氀氀漀眀ഊwww.prospecthillforge.com
਀ഊ
਀吀栀愀渀欀猀 昀漀爀 栀攀氀瀀 愀渀搀 眀愀爀渀椀渀最猀ഊPosted by: "Miriel" miriel.crawford at gmail.com   drgnhlr
਀吀栀甀 䨀愀渀 ㌀Ⰰ ㈀　　㠀 㠀㨀㄀㌀ 愀洀 ⠀倀匀吀⤀ഊ
਀伀欀Ⰰ 䤀 愀搀洀椀琀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 眀爀漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 栀攀攀氀猀 漀昀 愀 洀漀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 ∀䄀䠀 䠀䄀∀ഊafter I'd read about the chemical reaction in the research.
਀猀椀琀攀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀琀栀攀戀攀愀搀猀椀琀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀唀一䤀ⴀ伀一夀堀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊparagraph: (sorry, really two) "Pliny's gemstone onyx is a humanly
਀愀氀琀攀爀攀搀 愀最愀琀攀⸀ 䈀愀渀搀攀搀 愀最愀琀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 漀渀礀砀 戀礀 猀漀愀欀椀渀最 椀琀 椀渀 愀ഊsolution of honey or sugar water over a low heat for a couple of
਀眀攀攀欀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀甀氀氀攀爀Ⰰ 猀氀椀最栀琀氀礀 瀀漀爀漀甀猀 戀愀渀搀猀 眀椀氀氀 猀漀愀欀 甀瀀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀ഊliquid, and when the stone is heated, the sugar will caramelize in
਀琀栀攀洀 愀渀搀 琀甀爀渀 戀爀漀眀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 氀攀猀猀 瀀漀爀漀甀猀 眀栀椀琀攀 戀愀渀搀猀 爀攀洀愀椀渀 甀渀愀昀昀攀挀琀攀搀Ⰰഊemphasizing the contrast. The result is a brown onyx, deeply and
਀愀琀琀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 戀愀渀搀攀搀⸀ഊ
਀䤀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀最愀爀ⴀ椀洀瀀爀攀最渀愀琀攀搀 猀琀漀渀攀 椀猀 瀀甀琀 椀渀琀漀 猀甀氀昀甀爀椀挀 愀挀椀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀甀最愀爀ഊwill carbonize and become black. An even handsomer black onyx will
਀爀攀猀甀氀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 䠀愀爀愀瀀瀀愀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 洀愀欀椀渀最 戀爀漀眀渀 漀渀礀砀 猀漀洀攀 㐀　　　 礀攀愀爀猀 愀最漀⸀ഊArikamedu (q.v.) is the place where the first black onyx is thus far
਀爀攀挀漀爀搀攀搀Ⰰ 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 ㈀　　　 礀攀愀爀猀 愀最漀⸀∀ഊ
਀䄀渀搀 䤀 眀椀氀氀 愀氀猀漀 愀搀洀椀琀 琀栀愀琀 洀礀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 眀攀渀琀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀搀漀眀ഊlast night (it was 2am! Even though that's my normal schedule...yikes,
਀眀栀愀琀 愀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀甀洀戀猀⤀ 椀渀 洀礀 攀渀琀栀甀猀椀愀猀洀⸀ഊ
਀䤀 搀漀 欀渀漀眀 戀愀猀椀挀 氀愀戀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 ⴀ 戀甀琀 猀椀渀挀攀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 栀愀搀 琀漀 ✀甀猀攀✀ 琀栀攀猀攀ഊbits stored in my brain, the information didn't immediately surface.
਀䄀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀昀甀猀椀渀最 䐀爀愀椀渀ⴀ伀 眀椀琀栀 匀甀氀瀀栀甀爀椀挀 䄀挀椀搀Ⰰ 䤀 戀氀愀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀ഊmisinterpreting a piece of information: http://tinyurl.com/3x7zej and
਀猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 搀漀眀渀 渀攀愀爀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀爀礀 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀ഊproducts using this acid: "Instant Power Liquid Drain Opener"...didn't
਀爀攀愀氀椀稀攀 椀琀 眀愀猀 愀 氀椀渀欀 琀漀 愀渀 愀挀琀甀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 氀椀猀琀椀渀最 ⠀匀挀漀琀挀栀 䌀漀爀瀀ഊmanufacture) and just transliterated "Drain Opener" with
਀∀䐀爀愀椀渀ⴀ伀∀⸀⸀⸀䤀✀洀 愀渀 椀搀椀漀琀Ⰰ 䤀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 琀漀 愀搀洀椀琀⸀ഊ
਀䜀漀椀渀最 琀漀 最漀 昀椀渀搀 氀愀戀 戀愀猀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 搀甀洀洀椀攀猀 渀漀眀⸀⸀⸀ഊ
਀䴀椀爀椀攀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 愀戀愀猀攀搀⸀ഊ--
਀ഊ<the end>
਀䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀ऀ氀愀瀀椀搀愀爀礀ⴀ洀猀最ऀ倀愀最攀 ㈀㜀 漀昀 ㈀㜀ഊ
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