Horsey-Toys-art - 5/3/09 ਀ഊ"Horsey Toys" by Lady Ryska Goodwyfe Shipbuilder. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: toys-msg, Toys-in-th-MA-art, dolls-msg, Dollhouses-art, 2-Hobbyhorses-art, children-msg, horses-msg, Horse-n-t-MA-art. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 眀愀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀琀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 漀爀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 眀椀氀氀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 最椀瘀攀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀 琀礀瀀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 挀栀攀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀椀爀猀琀 漀爀 挀栀攀挀欀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀ⰀഊMark S. Harris...AKA:..Stefan li Rous ਀猀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊHorsey Toys ਀戀礀 䰀愀搀礀 刀礀猀欀愀 䜀漀漀搀眀礀昀攀 匀栀椀瀀戀甀椀氀搀攀爀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ 䈀刀唀䔀䜀䔀䰀Ⰰ 倀椀攀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 䔀氀搀攀爀ഊChildren's Games, Detail 1559-60 ਀伀椀氀 漀渀 眀漀漀搀Ⰰ ㄀㄀㠀 砀 ㄀㘀㄀ 挀洀    䬀甀渀猀琀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀猀挀栀攀猀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀Ⰰ 嘀椀攀渀渀愀ഊ ਀䠀甀洀愀渀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀Ⰰ 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 礀漀甀渀最 漀昀 洀漀猀琀 洀愀洀洀愀氀猀Ⰰ 甀猀攀 瀀氀愀礀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀攀渀 猀欀椀氀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 最爀漀眀渀⸀ 吀漀礀猀 眀攀爀攀 甀猀攀搀 戀礀 瀀爀攀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀漀礀猀 眀攀爀攀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 挀爀甀搀攀 攀瘀攀渀 戀礀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀⸀  䈀礀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀搀氀攀 愀最攀猀Ⰰ 琀漀礀猀 栀愀搀 最漀琀琀攀渀 洀漀爀攀 猀漀瀀栀椀猀琀椀挀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀攀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 洀愀猀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 戀礀 ㄀㌀　　Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 眀攀爀攀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 攀砀瀀漀爀琀⸀  吀漀礀猀 漀昀 洀愀渀礀 琀礀瀀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 洀愀搀攀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀礀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀椀搀搀氀攀 愀最攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 栀攀爀攀 䤀 眀椀氀氀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 琀漀礀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䠀漀爀猀攀礀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀⸀ ഊ ਀䠀漀戀戀礀 䠀漀爀猀攀ⴀഊAs children saw adults riding horses, they were probably inclined to copy them, as children today copy adults by making car sounds and pretend driving. ਀ഊHobby horses were a type of toy also whose exact origins are fuzzy, but I would imagine that as animals were domesticated, children observed and re-enacted the events in their lives. They would have imitated the adults with some type of object as a stand-in for a horse, A long stick or bare branch for instance, eventually giving their stick horse a head, and reins. ਀ഊHobby horses have been around since at least Jesus' time and were a toy that Jesus himself may have played with, According to Strickland Gibson, noted toy historian, remarking on an unknown Dutch or German Artist's 15th century drawing of the Christ child on a hobbyhorse. ਀⠀䘀漀氀攀礀 瀀 ㄀㈀⤀ഊ ਀䐀愀渀 䘀漀氀攀礀 猀愀礀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀漀戀戀礀栀漀爀猀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀氀搀 攀瘀攀爀礀眀栀攀爀攀 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 愀琀 猀甀洀洀攀爀 昀愀椀爀猀⸀ 䠀攀 愀氀猀漀 挀椀琀攀猀 愀 ㄀㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀 眀愀氀氀 栀愀渀最椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 搀攀瀀椀挀琀猀 愀 最爀漀甀瀀 漀昀 䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀 礀漀甀渀最猀琀攀爀猀 爀椀搀椀渀最 栀漀戀戀礀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 眀漀漀搀攀渀 眀栀攀攀氀猀⸀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀 吀栀攀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 昀漀爀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䄀爀挀栀愀攀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ  䴀漀渀漀最爀愀瀀栀 匀攀爀椀攀猀㨀 一漀 ㄀㌀Ⰰ 䔀⸀䄀 刀礀戀椀渀礀愀 猀琀愀琀攀猀㨀 ∀吀礀瀀椀挀愀氀 漀昀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 琀漀礀猀 愀爀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 㜀　 猀琀礀氀椀稀攀搀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 椀渀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀猀㨀 愀 栀漀爀猀攀 漀渀 眀栀攀攀氀猀Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀 猀愀搀搀氀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 氀漀漀欀猀 氀椀欀攀 愀 猀琀椀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 愀 栀漀爀猀攀✀猀 栀攀愀搀 漀渀 琀漀瀀⸀∀ ഊ ਀ 䴀愀渀礀 猀挀攀渀攀猀 漀昀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 漀渀 栀漀戀戀礀栀漀爀猀攀猀 愀爀攀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀攀搀 琀攀砀琀猀 愀渀搀 瀀愀椀渀琀椀渀最猀⸀  吀栀攀 挀漀氀漀爀 椀洀愀最攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 椀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 䈀漀漀欀 漀昀 䠀漀甀爀猀 ⠀䘀爀愀稀椀攀爀 瀀 㘀㠀⤀ഊ ਀䤀渀 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀Ⰰ 挀氀愀礀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀漀氀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀戀搀漀洀攀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀漀甀氀搀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 愀 猀琀椀挀欀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 愀猀 ∀䠀漀戀戀礀 䠀漀爀猀攀猀∀ 戀礀 倀攀琀攀渀礀椀Ⰰ 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 愀 洀攀爀爀礀 最漀 爀漀甀渀搀 栀漀爀猀攀⸀ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀琀 猀攀攀渀 琀栀椀猀 洀攀琀栀漀搀 漀昀 瀀氀愀礀 眀椀琀栀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 椀渀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀愀渀搀礀 搀漀氀氀猀 ⠀猀攀攀 䄀搀搀攀渀搀甀洀 ㄀⤀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀爀椀琀攀爀 眀漀渀搀攀爀猀 椀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀猀攀爀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀椀挀欀 椀猀 漀渀氀礀 昀漀爀 洀漀氀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀爀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀攀氀椀挀愀琀攀 栀漀爀猀攀 氀攀最猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 昀椀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀礀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 栀漀爀猀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀椀挀欀⸀ 䄀氀氀 琀栀攀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 挀椀琀攀搀 椀渀 吀漀礀猀 愀渀搀 䜀愀洀攀猀 椀渀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 愀渀搀 䔀愀爀氀礀 䴀漀搀攀爀渀 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀椀爀 氀攀最猀 戀爀漀欀攀渀 漀昀昀Ⰰ 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 愀爀最甀洀攀渀琀⸀ ഊ ਀ഊWooden Horses- ਀ഊThe most common toys found in archaeological digs from early in the SCA time period are balls, both leather and wood, Tops and carved wooden toys such as horses and swords. There are many examples of beautiful stylistic horses carved of wood, such as the one shown here from Trondheim, Norway which dates from c. 1075-1125 and is 12.7 cm in length. (Viking to Crusader) There are also many that are more crudely carved, more likely by an amateur, or a child. ਀ഊ ਀ഊHorses like these were surely carved on a winter day, by an adult relative as an entertainment for children who being cooped up in the house all day were getting anxious for something to distract themselves from the dark and dreary days. A toy horse and a story could transport those in the house on that dreary day to a warm summer day filled with adventure! ਀ഊHere is a great website with directions on how to make a Viking toy horse. ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀渀最攀氀昀椀爀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀眀礀⼀猀瘀攀渀猀欀椀氀搀戀椀琀攀爀⼀嘀椀欀椀渀最⼀瘀椀欀栀漀爀猀攀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊ ਀䤀渀 琀栀攀 圀漀爀氀搀 漀昀 吀漀礀猀Ⰰ 䐀爀 䨀漀猀攀昀 䬀愀搀攀爀琀 挀椀琀攀猀 刀漀洀愀渀ⴀ攀爀愀 琀漀礀 吀爀漀樀愀渀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 眀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 昀椀氀氀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 挀氀愀礀 漀爀 挀攀爀愀洀椀挀 䜀爀攀攀欀 猀漀氀搀椀攀爀猀 椀渀猀椀搀攀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 眀攀爀攀 洀愀搀攀 愀渀搀 猀漀氀搀 漀渀 吀甀爀欀攀礀✀猀 眀攀猀琀 挀漀愀猀琀Ⰰ 愀爀漀甀渀搀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀 吀爀漀礀⸀ ⠀䬀愀渀搀攀爀琀 瀀 ㄀㄀⤀ഊ ਀ഊTable top Horse Games ਀ഊLater in our Time period, there are examples of carved wooden horse toys, with wheels which a jousting game could be played on tables. ਀ഊIn this excellent example from a German Museum a knight dressed in real metal armor. Figure and horse's body are wood. The crest is from the patrician family Holzschuber of Nuremburg. ਀ഊThis woodcut by Hans Burgkmair (Fritzch, p 21) shows German Prince Maximilian's childhood activities, including some table-top jousting using a toy very much like the above extant example. Prince Maximilian was born in 1459 in Vienna the son of the Emperor Frederick III and Eleanore of Portugal. ਀ഊNote also the working "toy" cannon, a popular toy of the day. ਀ഊIn Games and toys in Medieval and Early Modern Hungary, Sandor Petenyi describes jousting kits with bronze horses made with a lost wax method which have a hole in the breast of the horse into which a lance is inserted for table top jousting games. Based on the infrequency of these and other horse toy finds in Hungary he believes that they were imported to Hungary from central Europe. ਀ഊ ਀䌀氀愀礀 愀渀搀 倀攀眀琀攀爀 ഊ ਀䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 䐀愀渀 䘀漀氀攀礀Ⰰ 栀漀爀猀攀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 挀氀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 琀爀愀挀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 搀愀礀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀爀愀漀栀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀琀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 琀栀漀甀最栀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 挀攀爀愀洀椀挀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 愀氀漀渀攀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 爀椀搀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀Ⰰ 刀甀猀猀椀愀 愀渀搀 匀挀愀渀搀椀渀愀瘀椀愀㬀 䔀最愀渀 猀愀礀猀 瘀攀爀礀 昀攀眀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀⸀  伀渀氀礀 漀渀攀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 漀昀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 攀砀椀猀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 挀栀攀猀猀 瀀椀攀挀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀猀攀 吀漀礀 昀椀渀搀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 䌀愀爀洀攀氀椀琀攀 昀爀椀愀爀礀 愀琀 䔀猀猀氀椀渀最攀渀 愀洀 一攀挀欀愀爀 ⠀䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀Ⰰ 挀氀漀猀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䈀攀氀最椀甀洀⼀ 䰀甀砀攀洀戀漀甀爀最 戀漀爀搀攀爀⤀ 猀栀漀眀 猀漀洀攀 栀漀爀猀攀 猀栀愀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 瀀漀琀琀攀爀礀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 昀椀最甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀 挀栀椀挀欀攀渀⸀  吀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀猀 焀甀漀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 眀攀戀猀椀琀攀 搀攀琀愀椀氀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 攀砀挀愀瘀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 ഊhttp://home.bawue.de/~wmwerner/essling/english/karmel08.html ਀ഊ"Typically for an urban excavation, a large amount of medieval toys were found, which came from the Carmelites neighbors along the stream, not from the friary itself." ਀ഊ These German clay horses from the Strassburg Museum, (Grober) are from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Various sources claim that by the 14th century, Nuremburg was a well-known center for toy manufacture. ਀ ഊIn recent years Pewter Horses, along with many other toys, have been found along the Thames by hobbyists with metal detectors, and by dredging the river. Most medieval pewter objects, toys included, were made of a pewter lead alloy, or even all lead. We know now that this practice is dangerous, especially in the case of children's toys. In "Playthings from the Past" Geoff Eagan catalogs a wide variety of pewter toys from the Museum of London. Egan's examples of Horses are varied. Some have riders or knights and some do not, there are also elaborate pewter carts and wagons, with horses pulling them, though these are generally from the 17th century and later. ਀ഊMy first example, is a flat mold which has cast feet to help it stand, and was from 1500 or later (Culff p 38). Example B is a mounted knight from the 13th century. It is hollow-cast. (Egan, Front Cover) ਀ഊAnother molding method seems to be a double mold for the body and neck (and rider) and the legs of the horse were poured flat on the top of the mold in a single layer, were then folded down after taken out of the mold. The example shown here is from 1300 and is 55mm in height. Egan states that some of these pewter toys would have most certainly been painted. ਀ഊKarl Grober states that these Pewter and Lead figures are definitely toys, and not Pilgrim's tokens. ਀ഊ ਀刀攀ⴀ椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䤀猀 椀琀 愀 栀漀爀猀攀㼀ഊ ਀圀栀攀渀 椀猀 愀 琀漀礀 栀漀爀猀攀 渀漀琀 愀 栀漀爀猀攀㼀  圀栀攀渀 椀琀 椀猀 愀 猀攀愀 洀漀渀猀琀攀爀℀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 眀漀漀搀攀渀 琀漀礀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀 琀漀礀 栀漀爀猀攀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 琀漀 洀攀 椀琀 椀猀 漀戀瘀椀漀甀猀氀礀 愀 眀漀漀搀攀渀 猀攀愀 洀漀渀猀琀攀爀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 ∀栀漀爀猀攀∀ 眀愀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀琀 匀琀愀爀愀樀愀 䰀愀搀漀最愀 昀爀漀洀 㠀琀栀ⴀ㤀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 漀琀栀攀爀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀椀洀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ ⠀䔀氀猀攀 刀漀猀攀搀愀栀氀㬀 嘀椀欀椀渀最 琀漀 䌀爀甀猀愀搀攀爀⤀ഊ ਀䴀礀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 愀爀最甀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 搀漀攀猀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 氀攀最猀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 搀椀搀渀✀琀 戀爀攀愀欀 漀昀昀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀礀 眀漀甀氀搀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 戀爀漀欀攀渀 漀昀昀 愀琀 愀渀 愀渀最氀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 最爀愀椀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 挀氀攀愀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀栀漀琀漀⸀ 䠀攀 椀猀 猀眀椀洀洀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀眀椀洀洀椀渀最 爀椀最栀琀 甀瀀 琀漀 愀 琀漀礀 戀漀愀琀 琀漀 猀挀愀爀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀椀氀漀爀猀㼀⸀ ⸀ ⸀ 䠀洀洀洀⸀ഊ ਀匀瀀攀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 匀琀爀愀眀 䠀漀爀猀攀猀ഊ ਀伀戀樀攀挀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 猀琀爀愀眀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 愀渀搀 猀琀椀氀氀 愀爀攀 愀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 挀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀⸀ 吀漀搀愀礀Ⰰ 匀眀攀搀攀渀Ⰰ 一漀爀眀愀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䈀攀氀愀爀甀猀 愀爀攀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀琀爀愀眀 愀爀琀椀猀愀渀猀⸀  匀琀爀愀眀 ∀挀漀爀渀 搀漀氀氀椀攀猀∀ 洀愀搀攀 眀椀琀栀 爀椀瀀攀 眀栀攀愀琀 愀爀攀 愀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀 爀椀琀甀愀氀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 挀爀攀愀琀椀渀最 愀 眀愀礀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀愀椀渀 猀愀昀攀 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 礀攀愀爀 ⠀匀愀渀昀漀爀搀⤀⸀  䤀渀 䴀攀砀椀挀漀 愀渀搀 䌀栀椀渀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀琀爀愀眀 琀漀礀猀 愀渀搀 栀漀甀猀攀栀漀氀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 愀爀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 昀椀渀搀猀 椀渀 爀甀爀愀氀 洀愀爀欀攀琀猀 琀漀搀愀礀⸀  ⠀䬀愀渀搀攀爀琀⤀ഊ ਀匀椀渀挀攀 猀琀爀愀眀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 戀椀漀搀攀最爀愀搀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 猀琀椀氀氀 攀砀椀猀琀Ⰰ  攀瘀攀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 漀昀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 匀漀 昀愀爀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 漀渀氀礀 猀挀愀渀琀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀愀眀 眀漀瘀攀渀 椀渀琀漀 琀漀礀猀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀  䤀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 猀椀渀挀攀 䠀漀爀猀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀甀挀栀 愀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 攀愀猀礀 琀漀 猀瀀攀挀甀氀愀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀礀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 栀漀爀猀攀猀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 猀琀爀愀眀⸀ 吀漀礀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 猀琀爀愀眀 挀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 猀洀愀氀氀 栀愀渀搀ⴀ猀椀稀攀 琀漀礀猀 琀椀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀爀攀愀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 樀甀猀琀 琀栀攀 猀琀甀昀昀椀渀最 昀漀爀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 栀攀愀搀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 昀愀戀爀椀挀 戀甀椀氀琀 漀渀琀漀 猀琀椀挀欀猀 愀猀 椀渀 栀漀戀戀礀 栀漀爀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 伀氀搀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 一甀爀猀攀爀礀 刀栀礀洀攀㨀ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀搀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 栀漀戀戀礀 栀漀爀猀攀ഊAnd it was dapple grey ਀䤀琀猀 栀攀愀搀 眀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 瀀攀愀 猀琀爀愀眀ഊIts tail was made of hay ਀ऀⴀ伀氀搀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 渀甀爀猀攀爀礀 爀栀礀洀攀ഊDan Foley ਀ഊThis straw head of a unicorn is modern. It was made for display for an English festival. ਀⠀匀愀渀昀漀爀搀 瀀 ㌀㌀⤀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 䄀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䴀椀猀挀攀氀氀愀渀礀 ⠀瀀 ㌀㄀⤀ 漀昀 愀 挀攀氀攀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀栀攀爀攀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 眀攀爀攀 漀渀 栀漀爀猀攀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 眀椀挀欀攀爀㨀    ⠀眀椀挀欀攀爀 椀猀 欀椀渀搀愀 氀椀欀攀 猀琀爀愀眀 ⸀ ⸀ ⸀ 椀猀渀✀琀 椀琀㼀⤀ഊDuring the entrance of King Henry IV of Castile to the city of Jaden in 1464, the children were allowed a major role. Close to half a league from the city, all the cannons of the cathedral, the municipal officials came to meet the king… Five Hundred knights very well dressed and some dressed in Moorish fashion, with false beards and heavy wooden lances engaged in a mock battle. Further along the road, thirty other men came dressed as Moorish women playing tambourines and bells and giving great cries in the Moorish fashion . . . And further along the road four thousand children came out of the city riding on wicker horses and playing music, plus another one thousand children armed with wicker crossbows and also engaged in mock battle. ਀䄀猀 猀琀爀愀眀 眀愀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀渀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀Ⰰ 䤀 挀愀渀 椀洀愀最椀渀攀 洀愀渀礀 琀漀礀猀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 猀琀爀愀眀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 愀最攀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀挀栀 愀 琀漀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀爀礀 愀琀 戀攀猀琀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀礀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 昀漀爀 愀 搀愀礀 漀爀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 琀漀礀 昀攀氀氀 愀瀀愀爀琀⸀ഊ ਀䘀椀渀愀氀 一漀琀攀⸀ ഊ ਀倀氀愀礀琀栀椀渀最猀 昀漀爀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 洀愀搀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 愀最攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀猀 猀栀漀眀渀 栀攀爀攀 挀漀瘀攀爀 愀 眀椀搀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀Ⰰ 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 洀愀欀攀爀✀猀 猀欀椀氀氀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 挀栀椀氀搀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀礀猀 琀漀 昀椀渀攀氀礀 挀爀愀昀琀攀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 戀礀 栀椀最栀氀礀 猀欀椀氀氀攀搀 愀爀琀椀猀愀渀猀⸀  刀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀椀渀最 栀漀爀猀攀 琀漀礀猀 椀渀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 刀攀ⴀ攀渀愀挀琀洀攀渀琀 挀愀渀 琀愀欀攀 洀愀渀礀 猀栀愀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 氀攀愀瘀椀渀最 氀漀琀猀 漀昀 爀漀漀洀 昀漀爀 椀洀愀最椀渀愀琀椀漀渀℀ 䠀愀瀀瀀礀 栀漀爀猀椀渀最 愀爀漀甀渀搀℀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊViking to Crusader, ਀愀 栀漀爀猀攀 昀椀渀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䘀愀爀漀攀猀 䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀䈀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀㨀ഊ ਀䄀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 吀漀礀猀Ⰰ 戀礀 䄀渀琀漀渀椀愀 䘀爀愀猀攀爀 ഊSpring Books; [New ed.] edition (1972) ASIN: 0600343871 ਀ഊMedieval Children by Orme, Nicholas ਀夀愀氀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀㬀 ⠀䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㄀Ⰰ ㈀　　㌀⤀ 䤀匀䈀一㨀 　㌀　　　㤀㜀㔀㐀㤀 ഊ ਀一漀瘀最漀爀漀搀 琀栀攀 䜀爀攀愀琀 䔀砀挀愀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䌀椀琀礀 ㄀㤀㔀㄀ⴀ㘀㈀  戀礀 䴀 圀 吀栀漀洀瀀猀漀渀ഊFredrick A Praeger Publishers, NY; Library of Congress Catalog # 6714709 ਀ഊChildren's toys of bygone days; a history of playthings of all peoples from prehistoric times to the XIXth century, by Karl Grober ਀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䘀爀攀搀攀爀椀挀欀 䄀⸀ 匀琀漀欀攀猀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㈀㠀ഊ ਀䰀椀昀攀 椀渀 愀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 嘀椀氀氀愀最攀 戀礀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 䨀漀猀攀瀀栀 䜀椀攀猀ഊHarper & Row ISBN: 0-06-016215-5 ਀ഊA Medieval Miscellany - Facsimile Editions ਀圀攀椀搀攀渀昀攀氀搀 愀渀搀 一椀挀漀氀猀漀渀⸀   䤀匀䈀一㨀 　 ㈀㤀㜀 㠀㈀㐀㠀㌀ 堀ഊ ਀倀氀愀礀琀栀椀渀最猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 倀愀猀琀Ⰰ 䰀攀愀搀 䄀氀氀漀礀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 愀爀琀椀昀愀挀琀猀 挀㄀㌀　　ⴀ㄀㠀　　ഊBy Geoff Egan Jonathan Horne Publications 1996 ਀ഊThe Archaeology of Novgorod, Russia Recent Results from the Town and its Hinterland ਀吀栀攀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 昀漀爀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䄀爀挀栀愀攀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 䴀漀渀漀最爀愀瀀栀 匀攀爀椀攀猀㨀 一漀 ㄀㌀ഊEastern Press Limited ISSN 0583-9106 ਀ഊStraw Work and Corn Dollies by Sandford, Lettice ਀䌀栀爀椀猀礀氀椀猀 䈀漀漀欀猀ऀ䤀匀䈀一㨀 　㜀㄀㌀㐀㌀　㄀㠀㐀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 圀漀爀氀搀 漀昀 吀漀礀猀㨀 吀栀攀 䘀愀猀挀椀渀愀琀椀渀最 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 䘀漀氀欀 吀漀礀猀     戀礀 䨀漀猀攀昀 䬀愀渀搀攀爀琀 ഊHamlyn (November 29, 1992) ISBN: 0600574784 ਀ഊThe World of Toys By Robert Culff ਀䠀愀洀氀礀渀 ㄀㤀㘀㤀  匀䈀一 㘀　　　 　㌀㠀㜀㈀ 㘀ഊ ਀䜀愀洀攀猀 愀渀搀 吀漀礀猀 椀渀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 愀渀搀 攀愀爀氀礀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 䠀甀渀最愀爀礀   䈀礀 匀愀渀搀漀爀 倀攀琀攀渀礀椀ഊTranslated from Hungarian by Alice M.Choyke and Laszlo Bartosievicz ਀㄀㤀㤀㐀 戀礀 䴀攀搀椀甀洀 䄀攀瘀甀洀 儀甀漀琀椀搀椀愀渀甀洀ഊISBN 3-90 1094 06 7 ਀ഊAn Illustrated History of German Toys by Karl Ewald Fritzsch ਀䠀愀猀琀椀渀最猀 䠀漀甀猀攀 ㄀㤀㜀㠀   䤀匀䈀一 　㠀　㌀㠀㌀㐀㄀㜀㤀ഊ ਀ഊAddendum 1: Candy Dolls ਀ഊCandy, Gingerbread and bread and even cheese dolls, and also toy horses, made for fairs and festivals have been cited in several of the Toy books from the Bibliography above. This 17th century German document describes the making of Toy dolls with Tragacanth gum and sugar which makes a paste which holds together well for shaping and molding. ਀ഊThe candy dolls were decorated with paint made from fruit or vegetable juices, saffron, and also gold leaf. The bread dolls were sometimes painted and varnished and not intended for eating. ਀ഊ ਀ഊTragacanth is a gum made from milkweed or Vetch. ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 挀椀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 䌀甀氀昀昀 瀀 ㌀㈀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀䄀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀㨀ഊ ਀䘀椀最甀爀攀猀 漀昀 欀渀漀琀琀攀搀Ⰰ 戀爀愀椀搀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀漀瘀攀渀 猀琀爀愀眀 愀爀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 漀昀 䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀 昀漀氀欀 琀漀礀猀⸀ഊThe horse has been significant in Japanese culture since antiquity, when horses were offered as sacrifices to the gods. This horse, wara uma, is the horse on which the god of prosperity is thought to ride. The primitive construction consists of bunches of tied straw and shows the innocent charm so often found in Japanese folk toys. ਀吀栀攀 戀爀愀椀搀攀搀 搀漀氀氀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 椀最甀猀愀 最爀愀猀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 愀 栀愀爀搀Ⰰ 猀氀椀挀欀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 最爀愀猀猀 甀猀甀猀愀氀氀礀 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 眀攀愀瘀椀渀最 猀氀攀攀瀀椀渀最 洀愀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀挀攀 洀愀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀爀愀昀琀 椀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 氀攀昀琀漀瘀攀爀 攀渀搀猀 眀攀爀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀椀猀 搀漀氀氀⸀ഊThe rake is a symbol of good fortune for "raking in" prosperity. ਀吀栀攀 猀琀爀愀眀 栀愀琀 愀渀搀 戀漀漀琀猀 愀爀攀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀漀爀渀 戀礀 瀀攀愀猀愀渀琀 昀愀爀洀攀爀猀⸀ഊ------ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 ㈀　　㘀 戀礀 刀椀猀挀栀愀 䰀攀椀渀眀攀戀攀爀⸀ 㰀爀椀猀挀栀愀⸀氀攀椀渀眀攀戀攀爀 愀琀 最洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀⸀ 倀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 挀爀攀搀椀琀攀搀⸀  䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀猀 愀 挀漀瀀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀猀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀 攀洀愀椀氀 琀漀 洀礀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 琀爀愀挀欀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀愀渀欀猀⸀ ⴀ匀琀攀昀愀渀⸀ഊ ਀㰀琀栀攀 攀渀搀㸀ഊEdited by Mark S. Harris Horsey-Toys-art Page 14 of 14 ਀ഊ