bev-distilled-msg - 10/25/09 ਀ഊMedieval distilled beverages. Distilling. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: cordials-msg, beverages-msg, Peach-Brandy-art, Kiwi-cordial-art. Apricot-Crdal-art, brewing-msg, mead-msg, beer-msg, wine-msg, p-bottles-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀  栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀  栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀  愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀  漀昀  攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀  眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀  眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀  洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀  眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀  渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀  愀猀  琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀  漀昀  琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀  最椀瘀攀渀  戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀  爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀  愀渀搀  攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀  琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀  琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀  挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀  漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀  椀猀  甀渀挀氀攀愀爀  愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀  椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀  椀猀  瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀  昀爀漀洀  琀栀攀猀攀  洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊFrom: jtn at nutter.cs.vt.edu (Terry Nutter) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Liquours Period? ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀㤀 䨀甀渀 㤀㌀ 　㌀㨀㔀㜀㨀㌀㜀 䜀䴀吀ഊ ਀䜀爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 愀氀氀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 䄀渀最栀愀爀愀搀 瘀攀爀✀ 刀栀甀愀眀渀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 栀愀猀 猀瀀攀渀琀 洀漀爀攀 琀椀洀攀 眀椀琀栀 栀攀爀ഊHugh Platt lately in response from questions in this forum than she had in ਀焀甀椀琀攀 愀 琀椀洀攀⸀ഊ ਀圀攀 栀愀瘀攀 琀眀漀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀 愀猀 琀漀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 氀椀焀甀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  吀栀攀 猀栀漀爀琀 愀渀猀眀攀爀 椀猀ഊyes: the second section of Hugh Platt's _Delightes for Ladies_ (London, 1609) ਀椀猀 琀椀琀氀攀搀 ∀匀攀挀爀攀琀猀 椀渀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀∀㬀 椀琀✀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 椀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 ∀䠀漀眀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀ഊtrue spirit of wine." Most of the rest, though, are how to make things like ਀爀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 漀爀 栀攀愀瘀椀氀礀 栀攀爀戀攀搀 愀渀搀 猀瀀椀挀攀搀 琀栀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 眀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 琀栀椀渀欀 漀昀ഊas either modern liquors or cordials. Kenelm Digbie (1669), the largest single ਀氀漀挀甀猀 䤀 欀渀漀眀 漀昀 昀漀爀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ瀀攀爀椀漀搀 戀爀攀眀椀渀最 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀 ⠀猀漀 昀愀爀 愀猀 䤀ഊknow) no recipes that call for distillation, or for using its product (i.e. you ਀搀漀渀✀琀 愀搀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀⤀⸀  吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 椀猀 欀渀漀眀渀Ⰰ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 爀椀最栀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀ഊend of period, but does not seem to be much used. ਀ഊCheers, ਀ⴀⴀ 䄀渀最栀愀爀愀搀⼀吀攀爀爀礀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: jtn at nutter.cs.vt.edu (Terry Nutter) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Spices and Distillation (was Re: Surprise! Surprise!) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀　 䨀甀氀 㤀㌀ 　㐀㨀㔀㄀㨀㔀㌀ 䜀䴀吀ഊ ਀䜀爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 愀氀氀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 䄀渀最栀愀爀愀搀 瘀攀爀✀ 刀栀甀愀眀渀⸀ഊ ਀䤀渀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 琀漀 刀愀渀瘀愀椀最✀猀 焀甀攀爀礀Ⰰ 䄀渀搀礀 吀爀攀洀戀氀攀礀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 眀爀漀琀攀Ⰰഊ>Distillation as "distillation of spirits" has been in discussion for the ਀㸀氀愀猀琀 昀攀眀 眀攀攀欀猀 愀猀 漀昀 礀攀琀 眀椀琀栀 渀漀 爀攀愀氀 挀漀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 愀猀 琀漀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 椀琀 眀愀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀ഊ>(tho the 'nays' have more support due to the lack of reliable information to ਀㸀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 ✀礀攀愀猀✀⤀⸀ ഊ ਀䤀 洀愀礀 戀攀 瀀愀爀琀氀礀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀漀 䤀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 䤀 猀栀漀甀氀搀ഊclarify what I have found. ਀ഊIn the fifth collection in _Curye on Inglysch_, which Hieatt calls "Goud ਀䬀漀欀攀爀礀∀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 ㄀㐀琀栀 䌀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 氀攀攀猀 漀昀ഊstrong wine, which seems to produce something that would appear to be a ਀栀攀愀瘀椀氀礀 猀瀀椀挀攀搀 ⠀愀渀搀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 眀攀愀欀Ⰰ 最椀瘀攀渀 琀栀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀⤀ഊbrandy. So some form of such distilling is unmistakably period. ਀ഊWhat is unclear is whether anyone ever used the result as a beverage, ਀椀⸀攀⸀ 搀爀愀渀欀 椀琀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 攀椀琀栀攀爀 琀漀 焀甀攀渀挀栀 琀栀椀爀猀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 攀渀樀漀礀 琀栀攀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀Ⰰഊor to get drunk. The closest I have to an indication of such a use is ਀琀栀愀琀 椀琀 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 猀瀀愀爀椀渀最氀礀 愀猀 愀渀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀欀椀渀最ഊspiced wines or ales (amazingly enough, these recipes tend to indicate ਀愀洀漀甀渀琀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 戀攀 琀爀甀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 ㄀㜀琀栀 䌀Ⰰ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 ഊwhat I have found. Hugh Platt has a recipe for distilling "true spirits ਀漀昀 眀椀渀攀∀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀最愀椀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀猀 愀 猀琀爀漀渀最攀爀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 琀栀愀渀 戀爀攀眀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀⸀ഊBut again, there is no indication that it was drunk; and all the other ਀爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 椀渀 栀椀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 愀爀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀渀最猀 氀椀欀攀 爀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 漀爀ഊfor things you apply externally. ਀ഊI have not seen it myself, but understand that there is sound evidence ਀琀栀愀琀 猀漀洀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀 漀昀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀 眀攀爀攀 甀猀攀搀ഊas medicinals (I'd love some non-urban-legend real-life references here, ਀䈀吀圀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀琀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀爀甀攀⸀  匀甀爀攀氀礀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀氀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀猀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀ഊthey might be useful that way. But there's a huge gap, even today, between ਀䌀漀最渀愀挀 愀渀搀 刀漀戀椀琀甀猀猀椀渀⸀  吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 椀猀 愀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀⸀  吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 椀猀渀✀琀⸀  吀栀攀ഊquestion is whether distilled alcohols in Europe in period were only ਀椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀 漀爀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 栀漀瀀攀 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀 戀椀琀 挀氀攀愀爀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀䌀栀攀攀爀猀Ⰰഊ-- Angharad/Terry ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 戀漀礀欀漀 愀琀 猀欀礀昀漀砀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀䔀㨀 匀瀀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀眀愀猀 刀攀㨀 匀甀爀瀀爀椀猀攀℀ 匀甀爀瀀爀椀猀攀℀⤀ഊDate: 21 JUL 93 01:31:35 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 匀愀猀欀愀琀挀栀攀眀愀渀ഊ ਀    最爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀 甀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 爀椀愀氀琀漀 昀爀漀洀 氀愀最栀愀洀漀渀 瘀愀瘀愀猀漀甀爀ഊangharad makes reference to searchingfor documentation of distilled ਀猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 愀猀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀猀⸀ഊ when writing an essay on 16th century science a couple years ago, ਀䤀 爀愀渀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 愀 挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 䴀⸀ 䈀漀愀猀 开吀栀攀 匀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 刀攀渀愀椀猀猀愀渀挀攀开⸀ 伀渀ഊpage 161, she makes reference to a certain Michael von Shrick who wrote ਀愀 戀漀漀欀 漀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 氀椀焀甀漀爀猀 椀渀 ㄀㐀㜀㠀 愀渀搀 猀甀最最攀猀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀ഊliquors as brandy for medicinal purposes. It is a slender leg to stand on, ਀戀甀琀 椀琀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 眀漀爀琀栀 甀猀椀渀最 愀猀 氀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: DDFr at Best.com (David Friedman) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: How to make Rum *VERY INTERESTING* ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀愀琀Ⰰ ㈀㌀ 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㄀　㨀　㤀㨀㌀㠀 ⴀ　㠀　　ഊOrganization: School of Law, Santa Clara University ਀ഊAnyone interested in a period answer to the question might want to look at ਀琀栀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀漀眀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀爀爀愀挀欀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ⠀㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 䴀漀最栀甀氀⤀ 开䄀椀渀 椀ഊAkbari_. Arrack, like rum, is a distilled liquor made from sugar cane. I ਀搀漀渀✀琀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀栀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 椀猀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀ഊsimilar. ਀ഊDavid/(Cariadoc doesn't even approve of undistilled liquors, unless they ਀愀爀攀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 搀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 渀漀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀爀攀攀 搀愀礀猀⤀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: DDFr at Best.com (David Friedman) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Liqueurs in History ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ ㈀㄀ 䘀攀戀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㈀㈀㨀㈀㜀㨀㈀㌀ ⴀ　㠀　　ഊOrganization: School of Law, Santa Clara University ਀ഊI believe the following is roughly correct, but I haven't checked any sources. ਀ഊIn most of Europe, distilling alcohol for the purpose of drinking is a ਀氀愀琀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 洀愀椀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 戀攀椀渀最 戀爀愀渀搀礀 ⠀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 眀椀渀攀⤀Ⰰഊc. 1400-1500. Whiskey was apparently distilled much earlier, but in fringe ਀愀爀攀愀猀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀漀 猀瀀攀愀欀 ⠀椀⸀攀⸀ 䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀⤀⸀ 匀漀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 琀栀椀渀欀 礀漀甀 最攀琀ഊliquers until near the end of our period, and brandy is the most likely ਀氀椀焀甀椀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 戀攀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀⸀ഊ ਀伀昀 挀漀甀爀猀攀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 洀甀挀栀 攀愀爀氀椀攀爀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀 ⠀愀氀⤀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀Ⰰഊnot culinary, standpoint. ਀ഊPerhaps someone with more precise information can add to or correct my ਀洀攀洀漀爀礀 漀渀 琀栀椀猀⸀ഊ ਀䐀愀瘀椀搀⼀䌀愀爀椀愀搀漀挀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: hrjones at uclink.berkeley.edu (Heather Rose Jones) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Liqueurs in History ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀㈀ 䘀攀戀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㈀㄀㨀㌀㤀㨀㄀㐀 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: University of California, Berkeley ਀ഊDavid Friedman (DDFr at Best.com) wrote: ਀㨀 䤀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀猀 爀漀甀最栀氀礀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 挀栀攀挀欀攀搀 愀渀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀㨀 䤀渀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀昀 搀爀椀渀欀椀渀最 椀猀 愀ഊ: late period practice, with the main example being brandy (distilled wine), ਀㨀 挀⸀ ㄀㐀　　ⴀ㄀㔀　　⸀ 圀栀椀猀欀攀礀 眀愀猀 愀瀀瀀愀爀攀渀琀氀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 洀甀挀栀 攀愀爀氀椀攀爀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀渀 昀爀椀渀最攀ഊ: areas, so to speak (i.e. Ireland and Scotland). ਀ഊRegarding this last, I have yet to see _any_ solid evidence for the ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 ⠀戀礀 愀渀礀 猀瀀攀氀氀椀渀最⤀ 愀渀礀 琀椀洀攀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀ഊspread of brandy-type distillation. You get some vague statements in ਀∀栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀∀ 戀漀漀欀猀 瀀甀琀 漀甀琀 戀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 渀漀琀栀椀渀最 䤀✀瘀攀 攀瘀攀爀ഊseen that could be backed up or pinned down. (I think it's not ਀椀渀猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 䤀爀椀猀栀 瀀栀爀愀猀攀 昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀 ∀眀栀椀猀欀攀礀∀ 搀攀爀椀瘀攀猀ഊis a direct translation of "aqua vitae".) ਀ഊTangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䴀愀爀欀 匀挀栀甀氀搀攀渀昀爀攀椀 㰀猀挀栀甀氀搀礀 愀琀 愀戀攀氀⸀䴀䄀吀䠀⸀䠀䄀刀嘀䄀刀䐀⸀䔀䐀唀㸀ഊDate: Thu, 8 May 1997 14:48:19 -0400 (EDT) ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 挀漀最渀愀挀ഊ ਀㸀  伀欀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀昀 匀琀攀昀愀渀 栀愀猀渀✀琀 愀猀欀攀搀 攀渀漀甀最栀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 圀栀愀琀 椀猀 挀漀最渀愀挀㼀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 椀猀 樀甀猀琀 愀 琀漀漀 攀愀猀礀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀挀漀⸀最渀愀挀 尀✀欀漀ⴀ渀ⴀ⸀礀愀欀Ⰰ ✀欀愀㨀渀ⴀⰀ ✀欀漀⸀渀ⴀ尀 渀 嬀䘀Ⰰ 昀爀⸀ 䌀漀最渀愀挀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀挀攀崀 挀愀瀀  ㄀㨀 愀ഊ brandy from the departments of Charente and Charente-maritime distilled ਀   昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀琀攀 眀椀渀攀 ㈀㨀 愀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 戀爀愀渀搀礀ഊ ਀  䤀 欀渀漀眀 椀琀 椀猀 愀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 琀礀瀀攀⸀ 䈀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 椀琀 洀愀搀攀ഊ of? Is it period? What makes a good bottle of cognac? Are there period ਀  昀漀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 甀猀攀 椀琀㼀ഊ ਀䄀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀 椀猀 愀爀洀愀最渀愀挀Ⰰ 愀氀猀漀 昀爀漀洀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 䤀ഊdo believe. (But have no citations to hand.) ਀ഊWhat makes it a good bottle? Aging, ingredients.... ਀ഊHmmm. Like most strong beverages, cognac has a certain bite. It also has a ਀渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 猀洀漀欀攀礀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 瀀攀愀琀礀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀 漀昀 猀挀漀琀挀栀Ⰰ 戀甀琀ഊsharper in the nose. It also has a vanilla sort of texture. A light brown ਀挀漀氀漀爀Ⰰ 愀 瘀攀爀礀 眀愀爀洀 愀渀搀 椀渀瘀椀琀椀渀最 猀洀攀氀氀⸀  䤀渀 氀愀爀最攀 最甀氀瀀猀Ⰰ 椀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 瘀攀爀礀ഊsharp, and it must be sipped slowly, so that the wonderful fumes can wash ਀椀渀琀漀 礀漀甀爀 渀漀猀攀 愀猀 礀漀甀 猀愀瘀漀爀 椀琀⸀  䤀琀 琀愀欀攀猀 洀攀 愀 最漀漀搀 㐀㔀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀 琀漀 搀爀椀渀欀 愀渀ഊounce. Or longer. ਀ഊI know of no recipes that call for it, but I have some empty glasses ਀椀渀琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀琀 挀漀渀昀漀爀洀猀 猀洀愀爀琀氀礀⸀  ⠀㨀ⴀ⤀ഊ ਀ऀ吀椀戀漀爀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: Philip & Susan Troy ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ 　㠀 䴀愀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㄀㘀㨀㔀㔀㨀㄀　 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊSubject: Re: SC - cognac ਀ഊMark Schuldenfrei wrote: ਀ഊ> Hmmm. Like most strong beverages, cognac has a certain bite. It also has a ਀㸀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 猀洀漀欀攀礀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 瀀攀愀琀礀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀 漀昀 猀挀漀琀挀栀Ⰰ 戀甀琀ഊ> sharper in the nose. It also has a vanilla sort of texture. A light brown ਀㸀 挀漀氀漀爀Ⰰ 愀 瘀攀爀礀 眀愀爀洀 愀渀搀 椀渀瘀椀琀椀渀最 猀洀攀氀氀⸀  䤀渀 氀愀爀最攀 最甀氀瀀猀Ⰰ 椀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 瘀攀礀爀ഊ> sharp, and it must be sipped slowly, so that the wonderful fumes can wash ਀㸀 椀渀琀漀 礀漀甀爀 渀漀猀攀 愀猀 礀漀甀 猀愀瘀漀爀 椀琀⸀  䤀琀 琀愀欀攀猀 洀攀 愀 最漀漀搀 㐀㔀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀 琀漀 搀爀椀渀欀 愀渀ഊ> ounce. Or longer. ਀ഊJust a drop to add: some vintages (a year's "crop" of wine from a given ਀瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀⤀ 愀爀攀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 漀琀栀攀爀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀愀欀攀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 琀栀愀渀 漀琀栀攀爀猀⸀ഊPart of the way to remove some of the more unpleasant impurities is by ਀愀最椀渀最 甀渀搀攀爀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 猀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 琀栀椀猀ഊinvolves storage for up to several years in a cask (usually oak), under ਀昀愀椀爀氀礀 挀漀渀猀琀愀渀琀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀椀搀椀琀礀 ⠀甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 挀攀氀氀愀爀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 氀椀欀攀 洀愀爀挀 洀礀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀⸀ 䤀琀✀猀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 洀漀爀攀 戀愀爀戀愀爀椀挀 椀渀ഊnature, rather like the Italian grappa. ਀ഊ> I know of no recipes that call for it, but I have some empty glasses ਀㸀 椀渀琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀琀 挀漀渀昀漀爀洀猀 猀洀愀爀琀氀礀⸀  ⠀㨀ⴀ⤀ഊ ਀夀攀愀栀Ⰰ 洀攀 琀漀漀℀ 伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀猀 礀漀甀✀爀攀 甀渀氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 琀漀ഊsuch brandy in period recipes is that it would have been regarded as for ਀洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 甀猀攀Ⰰ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀氀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 䤀爀椀猀栀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 䴀愀氀愀挀栀礀 䴀挀䌀漀爀洀椀挀欀ഊspeaks of his grandmother's justification for the occasional nip of ਀眀栀椀猀欀礀㨀ഊ "Sure, an' I drinks it like a physic!" ਀ഊ> Tibor ਀䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀✀ ㈀ 猀攀猀琀攀爀挀攀猀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: gfrose at cotton.vislab.olemiss.edu (Terry Nutter) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ 㠀 䴀愀礀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㄀㘀㨀　㠀㨀㄀㔀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊSubject: Re: SC - cognac ਀ഊHi, Katerine here. Tibor commented that he didn't know of recipes that ਀挀愀氀氀 昀漀爀 戀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀 愀搀搀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀ഊwould have been regarded as medicinal. ਀ഊActually, there are spiced wine recipes that call for aqua vite, and ਀爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀漀爀 昀氀愀洀椀渀最 搀椀猀栀攀猀 甀猀椀渀最 攀愀甀 愀爀搀攀渀琀㬀 戀漀琀栀 愀爀攀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀ഊbrandies (i.e. spirits of wine made from grape-based wines), and cognac ਀眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 琀漀 甀猀攀⸀ 䈀攀昀漀爀攀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 愀猀欀猀㨀 渀漀Ⰰ 䤀 ഊdon't know what the difference between aqua vite (as specified in English ਀爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 最漀椀渀最 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 䌀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 猀琀甀昀昀⤀ 愀渀搀 攀愀甀 愀爀搀攀渀琀ഊwas. They may have been the same. A reasonable alternative hypothesis ਀椀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀攀 椀猀 愀渀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 眀椀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀愀甀 愀爀搀攀渀琀 椀猀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀ഊa distilled wine that has a high enough alcohol content to flame ਀愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀氀礀 ⠀椀渀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 唀匀 琀攀爀洀猀Ⰰ 愀戀漀甀琀 㜀　 瀀爀漀漀昀⤀⸀ഊ ਀䌀栀攀攀爀猀Ⰰഊ- --Katerine/Terry ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 最昀爀漀猀攀 愀琀 挀漀琀琀漀渀⸀瘀椀猀氀愀戀⸀漀氀攀洀椀猀猀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀吀攀爀爀礀 一甀琀琀攀爀⤀ഊDate: Fri, 9 May 1997 13:55:24 -0500 ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀  刀攀⠀㈀⤀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 挀漀最渀愀挀ഊ ਀䠀椀Ⰰ 䬀愀琀攀爀椀渀攀 栀攀爀攀⸀  䐀攀爀搀爀椀甀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀猀 琀漀 吀椀戀漀爀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 琀漀 洀攀㨀ഊ ਀㸀㸀 䤀 愀最爀攀攀 琀栀愀琀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 椀猀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 琀栀椀渀最 琀漀 甀猀攀 昀漀爀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀攀 漀爀ഊ>> eau ardent (and have a sneaking suspicion that eau is clearer than aqua... ਀㸀㸀 戀甀琀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 眀栀礀 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀⤀⸀  䈀甀琀 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀渀✀琀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀 ⠀洀漀爀攀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀⤀ഊ>> and regionally specific cognac in a recipe, unless perhaps the source of the ਀㸀㸀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 眀愀猀 椀渀 漀爀 渀攀愀爀 䌀漀最渀愀挀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀挀攀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀䌀漀甀氀搀 琀栀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 戀攀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 戀愀猀攀搀㼀  䤀 眀漀渀搀攀爀 椀昀 攀愀甀 愀爀搀攀渀琀 眀愀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀ഊ>in France more readily than it might have been other places. ਀㸀㸀 ഊ>> Tibor ਀㸀ഊ>Just wondering. ਀ഊBoth appear in English sources. Eau ardent probably appears in French ones ਀琀漀漀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 挀愀渀✀琀 琀栀椀渀欀 漀昀 愀渀礀 漀昀昀栀愀渀搀⸀  倀攀漀瀀氀攀 琀攀渀搀 琀漀 昀漀爀最攀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀ഊlanguage of English cuisine through the 13th century appears to have been ਀瀀爀攀琀琀礀 昀椀爀洀氀礀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 愀猀 䄀渀最氀漀ⴀ一漀爀洀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 洀椀猀挀攀氀氀愀渀椀攀猀ഊ(in which a number of culinary recipes appear) were fairly well bilingual ਀戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 愀渀搀 䰀愀琀椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 椀渀 攀愀爀氀椀攀爀 挀愀猀攀猀 琀爀椀氀椀渀最甀愀氀ഊbetween English, Latin, and Anglo-Norman. ਀ഊThe evolution (and accellerated corruption) of Anglo-Norman dish names through ਀琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 愀渀搀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 挀氀攀愀爀氀礀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 挀漀瀀礀椀渀最ഊthem no longer understood Anglo-Norman. The references I can think of offhand ਀琀漀 攀愀甀 愀爀搀攀渀琀 愀爀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 ⠀椀渀 䄀爀甀渀搀攀氀 ㌀㌀㐀⤀⸀  䤀 猀琀爀漀渀最氀礀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀ഊthat by then, to those who wrote about it, it was just a name. ਀ഊ- -- Katerine/Terry ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ 　㘀 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㄀㤀㨀㌀㜀㨀　㈀ ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Ian Gourdon of Glen Awe ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Cordial Research ਀ഊG'day all, ਀䤀✀洀 琀爀礀椀渀最 琀漀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䌀漀爀搀椀愀氀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀㬀 琀栀攀 攀愀猀礀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 昀攀眀ⰀഊDigby is out of period, etc, but I'll share what I found. Any more out ਀琀栀攀爀攀㼀  ഊ ਀䘀漀爀 琀栀攀 眀栀漀氀攀 瀀愀最攀 漀昀 洀礀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 挀栀攀挀欀 漀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 䤀✀瘀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 猀漀ഊfar... ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀眀眀眀⸀椀洀瀀攀爀椀甀洀⸀渀攀琀⼀縀愀最椀渀挀漀爀琀⼀䌀漀爀搀椀愀氀ⴀ刀⸀栀琀洀氀ഊIan Gourdon ਀ഊSUGAR: ਀吀栀攀 猀甀最愀爀挀愀渀攀 瀀氀愀渀琀Ⰰ 椀渀搀椀最攀渀漀甀猀 琀漀 猀漀甀琀栀攀爀渀 䄀猀椀愀Ⰰ 眀愀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀最愀爀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 㜀琀栀 愀渀搀 㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䈀⸀䌀⸀ 椀渀 渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀⸀ 䌀愀渀攀 挀甀氀琀椀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 攀瘀攀渀琀甀愀氀氀礀 猀瀀爀攀愀搀 眀攀猀琀眀愀爀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 一攀愀爀 䔀愀猀琀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䴀攀搀椀琀攀爀爀愀渀攀愀渀 爀攀最椀漀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䄀爀愀戀猀Ⰰ 最椀瘀椀渀最 爀椀猀攀 琀漀 愀 挀愀渀攀 猀甀最愀爀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀 琀栀愀琀 昀氀漀甀爀椀猀栀攀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀攀 ㄀㔀　　✀猀⸀ 䌀漀氀甀洀戀甀猀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 猀甀最愀爀挀愀渀攀 琀漀琀栀攀 一攀眀 圀漀爀氀搀 漀渀 栀椀猀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 瘀漀礀愀最攀 椀渀 ㄀㐀㤀㌀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 眀愀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 瀀氀愀渀琀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀椀猀氀愀渀搀 漀昀 䠀椀猀瀀愀渀椀漀氀愀⸀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 ㄀㘀琀栀 愀渀搀 ㄀㜀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀渀椀猀栀Ⰰ 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀Ⰰ愀渀搀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 猀甀最愀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 䌀愀爀椀戀戀攀愀渀 椀猀氀愀渀搀 挀漀氀漀渀椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 挀漀氀漀渀礀 漀昀 匀琀⸀ 䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀 ⠀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀ⴀ搀愀礀 䠀愀椀琀椀⤀ 眀愀猀Ⰰ 戀礀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀攀 ㄀㠀琀栀挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 猀甀最愀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䌀愀爀椀戀戀攀愀渀 愀琀 愀 琀椀洀攀 眀栀攀渀 眀漀爀氀搀 搀攀洀愀渀搀 昀漀爀 猀甀最愀爀 眀愀猀 爀椀猀椀渀最 爀愀瀀椀搀氀礀⸀ 匀栀椀瀀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 爀愀眀 猀甀最愀爀 昀爀漀洀 匀琀⸀䐀漀洀椀渀最甀攀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀漀猀攀 爀攀挀漀爀搀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀攀搀 戀椀氀氀猀 漀昀 氀愀搀椀渀最 眀攀爀攀 搀攀猀琀椀渀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 戀礀 眀愀礀 漀昀 爀攀昀椀渀攀爀椀攀猀 椀渀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀⸀ ⴀ㄀㤀㤀㘀 䰀漀甀椀猀椀愀渀愀 匀琀愀琀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 䰀椀戀爀愀爀椀攀猀 ഊ ਀䄀儀唀䄀 嘀䤀吀䄀䔀㨀 ഊOriginally Whisky was very different to the refined spitits we have today. It had almost a soupy consistency with a strong smoky flavour from the peat used in the fires to dry the malt. Early stories go back to the sixth century AD, but the earliest documented record of distilling in Scotland occurs in 1494, when an entry in the Exchequer Rolls listed "Eight bolls of malt to Friar John Cor wherewith to make aqua vitae" (water of life). ਀ഊThis was sufficient to produce almost 1500 bottles. ਀ഊArnold de Vila Nova, a 13th Century alchemist, wrote of aqua vitae and ਀椀琀猀 爀攀猀琀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀猀⸀ 䰀攀最愀氀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 搀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 ㄀㐀㄀㄀ 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀  眀椀渀攀 椀渀琀漀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䄀爀洀愀最渀愀挀 爀攀最椀漀渀 漀昀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀⸀ 䐀愀猀 䈀甀挀栀 稀甀 䐀攀猀琀椀氀氀椀攀爀渀 戀礀 䠀椀攀爀漀渀礀洀甀猀 䈀爀愀甀渀猀眀攀椀最 眀愀猀 瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㔀㄀㤀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀琀猀 琀椀琀氀攀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀猀Ⰰ 椀猀 愀 戀漀漀欀 漀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: "Sharon L. Harrett" ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㄀　 䨀甀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㄀㐀㨀㔀㘀㨀㐀㘀 ⴀ　㐀　　 ⠀䔀䐀吀⤀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Liqueurs ਀ഊOn Tue, 10 Jun 1997, Michael F. Gunter wrote: ਀ഊ> I know a similar subject was on this list just a couple of weeks ago but I was ਀㸀 眀漀渀搀攀爀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 䤀✀洀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 漀昀 洀愀欀椀渀最 甀瀀 猀漀洀攀 爀漀猀攀 愀渀搀 氀椀氀愀挀 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 昀漀爀 最椀昀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀 愀渀 䄀☀匀 ഊ> entry. I don't think they are period but I was wondering if there were similar ਀㸀 琀栀椀渀最猀 愀渀搀 椀昀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 欀渀漀眀猀 眀栀攀渀 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 戀攀最愀渀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 䜀甀渀琀栀愀爀ഊ ਀䴀✀䰀漀爀搀 䜀甀渀琀栀愀爀Ⰰഊ The history of liqueurs goes back to around the 12th C., beginning ਀眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 琀栀愀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀甀氀搀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀眀漀 氀椀焀甀椀搀猀⸀ 圀椀渀攀 眀愀猀 ഊdistilled to produce "aqua vitae", meaning water of life. This in turn began ਀琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 椀渀 匀椀爀ഊHugh Plat's Secrets in Distillation, and others in Sir Kenelme Digbie's book ਀漀渀 䌀栀椀爀甀爀最攀爀椀攀⸀ 䌀栀愀爀琀爀攀甀猀攀 䰀椀焀甀攀甀爀 椀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 欀渀漀眀渀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀椀琀栀ഊtheir roots in period. As far as the flowers go, I have many instances of ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 ∀昀氀漀眀攀爀 眀愀琀攀爀猀∀ 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 挀漀猀洀攀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 眀愀猀栀椀渀最ഊhands at table, but so far none for drinkables, although some of the ਀洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 搀漀 ⨀椀渀挀氀甀搀攀⨀ 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 昀氀漀眀攀爀猀⸀ ഊ ਀䌀攀爀椀搀眀攀渀 ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sat, 16 Aug 1997 09:28:30 +0000 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䨀愀洀攀猀 倀爀愀琀琀∀ 㰀挀愀琀栀愀氀 愀琀 洀椀渀搀猀瀀爀椀渀最⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊTo: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 昀漀爀琀椀昀椀攀搀 眀椀渀攀㼀ഊ ਀㸀 㰀㰀  一漀琀 戀攀椀渀最 洀甀挀栀 漀昀 愀 搀爀椀渀欀攀爀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 洀甀挀栀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀ഊ> "periodness" of the whiskeys Scotch or other wise. Could some one help ਀㸀  洀攀㼀ഊ> Lady Katherine Malveren McGuire ਀ഊ Popular tradition accords the introduction of distillation into ਀䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀猀 漀昀 匀琀⸀ 倀愀琀爀椀挀欀⸀  䄀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 䜀愀攀氀椀挀 甀猀愀最攀 眀愀猀ഊ"Uisgebeatha" (water of Life) which eventually became our word ਀∀眀栀椀猀欀攀礀∀⸀ ഊ The earliest surviving legal reference to the matter can be found in ਀琀栀攀 䔀砀挀栀攀焀甀攀爀 刀漀氀氀猀 漀昀 䨀愀洀攀猀 䤀嘀 漀昀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 ⠀㄀㐀㜀㌀ⴀ㄀㔀㄀㌀⤀ 眀栀椀挀栀 渀漀琀攀 ഊthat the King had his aqua vitae distilled from barley by a friar ਀⠀开吀栀攀 匀挀漀琀猀 䌀攀氀氀愀爀开 戀礀 䘀⸀ 䴀愀爀椀愀渀 䴀愀挀一攀椀氀氀Ⰰ 䔀搀椀渀戀甀爀最栀Ⰰ 䴀愀挀䐀漀渀愀氀搀 ഊPrinters, 1956). ਀ऀ䠀攀渀爀礀 嘀䤀䤀䤀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 洀漀渀愀爀挀栀 琀漀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀氀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀ഊproduct come only from licensed distilleries. However it was not ਀甀渀琀椀氀 ㄀㘀㘀㄀ 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 琀愀砀 ⠀㐀搀⸀ 愀 最愀氀氀漀渀⤀ 眀愀猀 椀洀瀀漀猀攀搀⸀ഊ(_An Encyclopedia of Drinks & Drinking_, by Frederick Martin, ਀吀漀爀漀渀琀漀Ⰰ 䌀漀氀攀猀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀　⤀ഊ ਀䌀愀琀栀愀氀 䴀愀挀 䔀搀愀渀 渀愀 昀愀攀氀攀搀ⰀഊBarony of the South Downs, Meridies ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㐀 䨀愀渀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㄀㔀㨀　㘀㨀㈀　 ⴀ　㘀　　ഊFrom: "Decker, Terry D." ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀䔀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䈀爀愀渀搀礀ഊ ਀㸀倀栀椀氀椀瀀瀀愀 猀愀椀搀㨀ഊ>>Please remember that Brandy, of a sort, and thus ਀㸀㸀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 猀椀渀挀攀 刀漀洀愀渀 琀椀洀攀猀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀䤀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 䈀爀愀渀搀礀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 欀渀漀眀渀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 ㄀㌀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 漀爀ഊ>later. What makes you think it was known in Roman times? ਀㸀ഊ>What is Brandy distilled from? Is there a drink distilled ਀㸀昀爀漀洀 洀攀愀搀㼀ഊ> ਀㸀匀琀攀昀愀渀 氀椀 刀漀甀猀ഊ ਀䈀爀愀渀搀礀 椀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 眀椀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀礀 眀椀渀攀⸀  圀栀愀琀 眀攀 渀漀爀洀愀氀氀礀 挀愀氀氀 戀爀愀渀搀礀ഊis distilled from grape wine. Other fruit brandies are distilled from ਀昀爀甀椀琀 眀椀渀攀 漀爀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 樀甀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀攀愀挀栀 戀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰ 戀氀愀挀欀 戀攀爀爀礀 戀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰഊkirchwasser, etc. ਀ഊDistillation has long been used to seperate liquids and a simple ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 愀 㐀　 瀀爀漀漀昀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀⸀  吀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀ഊprocess was improved around 800 C.E. by Jabir ibn Hayyan. ਀ഊThe first modern brandy was distilled in approximately 1300 C.E. at the ਀䴀漀渀琀瀀攀氀氀椀攀爀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 戀礀 䄀爀渀愀氀搀甀猀 搀攀 嘀椀氀氀愀 一漀瘀愀Ⰰ 愀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀ഊprofessor. ਀ഊDates are courtesy of The Food Chronology and the MS Encyclopedia, which ਀栀愀瘀攀 攀砀愀挀琀氀礀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀攀砀琀⸀ഊ ਀䈀攀愀爀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:15:06 -0400 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 爀攀渀昀爀漀眀 愀琀 猀欀礀氀愀渀搀猀⸀渀攀琀 ⠀䌀椀渀搀礀 刀攀渀昀爀漀眀⤀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Brandy ਀ഊPhilippa said: ਀㸀倀氀攀愀猀攀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 䈀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰ 漀昀 愀 猀漀爀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀ഊ>distilling has been around since Roman times. ਀ഊI thought Brandy was not known until the 13th century or ਀氀愀琀攀爀⸀ 圀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀猀 礀漀甀 琀栀椀渀欀 椀琀 眀愀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 椀渀 刀漀洀愀渀 琀椀洀攀猀㼀ഊ ਀圀栀愀琀 椀猀 䈀爀愀渀搀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 昀爀漀洀㼀 䤀猀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀 搀爀椀渀欀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀ഊfrom mead? ਀ഊStefan li Rous ਀ഊHello! There is a lengthy passage in McGee's "On Food and Cooking" about ਀琀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀漀 猀甀洀洀愀爀椀稀攀㨀  搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀ഊliquids was mentioned by Aristotle. Distillation of rice or barley liquor ਀眀愀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 椀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀 椀渀 㠀　　 䈀⸀䌀⸀  䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀 昀漀爀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀ഊdiscovered in Italy around 1100 A.D. 15th century brandy in germany. 1100 ਀琀漀 ㄀㌀　　 眀栀椀猀欀礀 椀渀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 ✀猀瀀椀爀椀琀 漀昀 栀漀渀攀礀✀ 椀猀 昀漀爀 愀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 洀攀愀搀⸀ഊ ਀㄀㌀⸀  匀倀䤀刀䤀吀 伀䘀 䠀伀一䔀夀 ⴀ ㄀㘀　㤀ഊPut one part of Honey to 5 parts of water: when the water boyleth, ਀搀椀猀猀漀氀甀攀 礀漀甀爀 䠀漀渀攀礀 琀栀攀爀攀椀渀Ⰰ 猀欀椀洀洀攀 椀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀愀甀椀渀最 猀漀搀搀攀渀 愀渀 栀漀甀爀攀 漀爀 琀眀漀Ⰰഊput it into a woodden vessell, and when it is but bloudwarme, set it on ਀眀漀爀欀攀 眀椀琀栀 礀攀愀猀琀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 瘀猀甀愀氀氀 洀愀渀渀攀爀 漀昀 䈀攀攀爀攀 愀渀搀 䄀氀攀㨀  爀甀渀渀攀 椀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊwhen it hath lyen some time, it wil yeeld his Spirit by distillation, as ਀圀椀渀攀Ⰰ 䈀攀攀爀攀 愀渀搀 䄀氀攀 眀椀氀氀 搀漀攀⸀ഊ(From Delightes for Ladies, by Sir Hugh Plat, 1609.) ਀ഊCindy Renfrow/Sincgiefu ਀爀攀渀昀爀漀眀 愀琀 猀欀礀氀愀渀搀猀⸀渀攀琀ഊAuthor & Publisher of "Take a Thousand Eggs or More, A Collection of 15th ਀䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 刀攀挀椀瀀攀猀∀ 愀渀搀 ∀䄀 匀椀瀀 吀栀爀漀甀最栀 吀椀洀攀Ⰰ 䄀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 伀氀搀 䈀爀攀眀椀渀最ഊRecipes" ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀氀挀愀猀漀昀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀爀攀渀昀爀漀眀⼀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 20 Jan 1998 11:06:44 -0600 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䐀攀挀欀攀爀Ⰰ 吀攀爀爀礀 䐀⸀∀ 㰀吀攀爀爀礀䐀 愀琀 䠀攀愀氀琀栀⸀匀琀愀琀攀⸀伀䬀⸀唀匀㸀ഊSubject: RE: SC - Brandy ਀ഊJust for grins, I dug out Fernand Braudel's The Structures of Everyday ਀䰀椀昀攀Ⰰ 䠀愀爀瀀攀爀 愀渀搀 刀漀眀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㄀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 愀 氀漀瘀攀氀礀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 戀礀 愀 猀甀瀀攀爀戀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀ഊhistorian heavily illustrated, noted and indexed. Here's a paraphrase ਀漀昀 栀椀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 戀爀愀渀搀礀㨀ഊ ਀匀琀椀氀氀猀 眀攀爀攀 欀渀漀眀渀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 ㄀㈀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀ഊbeen distilled before then. ਀ഊIt is possible that alcohol was discovered about 1100 at the Salerno ਀猀挀栀漀漀氀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀⸀  ⠀愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 渀漀琀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 椀渀 䈀爀愀甀搀攀氀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 猀挀栀漀漀氀ഊseems to be where external condensation of distillates began.) ਀ഊDistillation of wine was practiced by apothecaries as medicine. Brandy ਀爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀⸀ഊ ਀䘀椀爀猀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 琀漀 刀愀礀洀漀渀搀 䰀甀氀氀 ⠀搀⸀ഊ1315), probably incorrectly, or to Arnaud de Villeneuve, an itinerant ਀搀漀挀琀漀爀 眀栀漀 琀愀甀最栀琀 愀琀 䴀漀渀琀瀀攀氀氀椀攀爀 愀渀搀 倀愀爀椀猀 愀渀搀 搀椀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㌀㄀㌀ 漀渀 愀 樀漀甀爀渀攀礀ഊfrom Sicily to Provence. ਀ഊCharles the Bad was being treated in a brandy soaked sheet in 1387 and ਀戀攀挀愀洀攀 昀氀愀洀戀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀 稀攀愀氀漀甀猀 猀攀爀瘀愀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀 挀愀渀搀氀攀⸀ഊ ਀䤀渀 ㄀㐀㤀㘀Ⰰ 一甀爀攀洀戀攀爀最 昀漀爀戀椀搀 琀栀攀 昀爀攀攀 猀愀氀攀 漀昀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 漀渀 昀攀愀猀琀 搀愀礀猀⸀  䄀ഊquote from a Nuremberg doctor about 1493, "In view of the fact that ਀攀瘀攀爀礀漀渀攀 愀琀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 栀愀猀 最漀琀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 栀愀戀椀琀 漀昀 搀爀椀渀欀椀渀最 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 椀琀 椀猀ഊnecessary to remember the quantity that one can permit oneself to drink ਀愀渀搀 氀攀愀爀渀 琀漀 搀爀椀渀欀 椀琀 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 漀渀攀✀猀 挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 漀渀攀 眀椀猀栀攀猀 琀漀ഊbehave like a gentlemen. ਀ഊ1514, Louis XII grants the guild of vinegar-makers the privilege of ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 戀爀愀渀搀礀⸀ഊ ਀㄀㔀㌀㜀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀挀椀猀 䤀 搀椀瘀椀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀瘀椀氀攀最攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀最愀爀ⴀ洀愀欀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀ഊvictuallers leading to quarrels (apparently the business was very ਀瀀爀漀昀椀琀愀戀氀攀⤀⸀ഊ ਀䤀渀 ㄀㔀　㘀Ⰰ 䌀漀氀洀愀爀 ⠀攀愀猀琀攀爀渀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 昀爀攀攀 椀洀瀀攀爀椀愀氀 挀椀琀礀 猀椀渀挀攀 ㄀㈀㈀㘀⤀ 瀀氀愀挀攀搀ഊthe distillers and distributers under the city control and tracked the ਀瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀猀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 挀甀猀琀漀洀 爀攀挀漀爀搀猀⸀  䤀琀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀ഊbecome a major industry. ਀ഊAn early distillery may have been operating at Gaillac early in the 16th ਀䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 琀漀 䄀渀琀眀攀爀瀀 愀猀 攀愀爀氀礀 愀猀 ㄀㔀㄀㈀⸀ഊ ਀䄀挀焀甀愀瘀椀琀攀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 嘀攀渀攀琀椀愀渀 挀甀猀琀漀洀猀 爀攀挀漀爀搀猀 椀渀 ㄀㔀㤀㘀⸀  䄀渀搀 椀渀ഊBarcelona in the 17th Century. ਀ഊBrandy appears to been a mainstay in northern Europe, Germany, the ਀一攀琀栀攀爀氀愀渀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀 ⠀渀漀爀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䰀漀椀爀攀⤀ 氀漀渀最 戀攀昀漀爀攀 爀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀ഊMediterranean countries. ਀ഊBear ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀渀攀猀搀愀礀Ⰰ 䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㈀㄀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㄀㤀㨀㈀　㨀㐀㈀ഊFrom: kappler ਀吀漀㨀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最ഊSubject: [Dstlg] Puck's History of Distilling ਀ഊPosted by "kappler" ਀ഊ900 BC - Chinese credited with discovery of the process of distillation ਀ഊ800 BC - rice and millet fermented into Tehoo, distilled to Sautchoo in China ਀         ⴀ 爀椀挀攀Ⰰ 洀漀氀愀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀愀氀洀 猀愀瀀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 吀漀搀搀礀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 䄀爀爀愀挀欀 ഊ in India ਀         ⴀ 洀愀爀攀✀猀 洀椀氀欀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 䬀甀洀椀猀猀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 䄀爀椀欀愀 戀礀 吀愀琀愀爀猀ഊ - mare's milk fermented into Kefir, distilled to Skhou in Caucasus ਀         ⴀ 爀椀挀攀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 匀愀欀攀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 匀漀挀栀漀甀 椀渀 一椀瀀瀀漀渀ഊ ਀㄀　　 䄀䐀   ⴀ 昀椀爀猀琀 刀漀洀愀渀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最猀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀椀渀最 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀ഊ ਀㔀　　 䄀䐀   ⴀ 䠀漀渀攀礀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 䴀攀愀搀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 ✀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 洀攀愀搀✀ 椀渀 䈀爀椀琀愀椀渀ഊ ਀㜀　　 䄀䐀   ⴀ 䤀猀氀愀洀椀挀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀椀攀猀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀ഊ ਀㤀　　 䄀䐀   ⴀ 䄀戀甀挀愀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀 䄀爀愀戀 猀甀爀最攀漀渀 椀渀 匀瀀愀椀渀 甀猀攀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 愀猀 愀 ഊ solvent for drugs ਀ഊ1000 AD - grapes fermented to wine, distilled to Brandy in Italy ਀ഊ1100 AD - Oats and Barley fermented to Beer :->, distilled to Usqubaugh in ਀              䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀ഊ ਀㄀㈀　　 䄀䐀  ⴀ 䜀爀愀瀀攀猀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 眀椀渀攀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀渀椀 椀渀 匀瀀愀椀渀ഊ - Arnold de Vila Nova writes of therapeutic properties of aqua vitae ਀              愀渀搀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀猀ഊ ਀㄀㌀　　 䄀䐀  ⴀ 䜀爀愀瀀攀猀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 眀椀渀攀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 䌀漀最渀愀挀 椀渀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀ഊ ਀㄀㐀㄀㄀ 䄀䐀  ⴀ 䰀攀最愀氀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䈀爀愀渀搀礀 椀渀 䄀爀洀愀最渀愀挀 爀攀最椀漀渀 椀渀 ഊ France ਀ഊ1494 AD - Friar John Cor granted "8 bolls of malt" to make aqua vitae for King ਀              䨀愀洀攀猀 䤀嘀ഊ ਀㄀㔀㄀㤀 䄀䐀  ⴀ 䠀椀攀爀漀渀礀洀甀猀 䈀爀愀甀渀猀眀攀椀最 眀爀漀琀攀 䐀愀猀 䈀甀挀栀 稀甀 䐀攀猀琀椀氀氀椀攀爀渀Ⰰ 愀 戀漀漀欀 漀渀 ഊ distillation ਀ഊ1553 AD - 'eau-de-vie', a distillate of 'Syder' mentioned in the journal of a ਀              一漀爀洀愀渀 昀愀爀洀攀爀ഊ ਀㄀㘀㐀㐀 䄀䐀  ⴀ 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀✀猀 倀愀爀氀椀愀洀攀渀琀 琀愀砀攀猀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀ഊ ਀㄀㜀　　 䄀䐀  ⴀ 匀挀漀琀 愀渀搀 䤀爀椀猀栀 猀攀琀琀氀攀爀猀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 琀漀 一漀爀琀栀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀ഊ ਀䤀渀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀Ⰰ 倀甀挀欀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Wed, 16 Sep 1998 08:44:44 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䐀攀挀欀攀爀Ⰰ 吀攀爀爀礀 䐀⸀∀ 㰀吀攀爀爀礀䐀 愀琀 䠀攀愀氀琀栀⸀匀琀愀琀攀⸀伀䬀⸀唀匀㸀ഊSubject: RE: Re Eau Ardent - Re: SC - Re: Duel - Recipe Three ਀ഊ> > IIRC, spirits with enough proof to light begin appearing commonly in the ਀㸀 㸀 洀椀搀ⴀ㄀㔀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀  䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 漀挀挀甀爀猀ഊ> > about 1300 in France and the Arabs had capacity to distill alcohol as early ਀㸀 㸀 愀猀 㠀　　⸀  䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 昀爀攀攀稀椀渀最 最攀琀猀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀攀猀 栀椀最栀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 戀甀爀渀⸀ഊ> > ਀㸀 㸀 䈀攀愀爀ഊ> ਀㸀 倀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 漀渀攀✀猀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ∀挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀∀ 椀猀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀 栀攀爀攀⸀ 䤀✀瘀攀 猀攀攀渀 愀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 漀昀ഊ> other references to eau ardent, or aqua ardent, in period sources, and if I ਀㸀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 猀漀洀攀眀栀攀爀攀 椀渀 䌀甀爀礀攀 伀渀ഊ> Inglysch, essentially a distillate of spiced wine. And I could be wrong, but ਀㸀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀猀琀攀氀攀琀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 漀挀挀甀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀渀 愀最愀椀渀 攀瘀攀渀 椀昀ഊ> brandy distillation occurs in France at a given date, I understood it to ਀㸀 栀愀瘀攀ഊ> been practiced earlier in places like Ireland. I wonder if I've been ਀㸀 洀椀猀椀渀昀漀爀洀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀昀 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 愀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 ⠀愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀ഊ> Franco-centric, as I've yet to see a French source that wasn't) source? ਀㸀ഊ> Adamantius ਀ഊThe 1300 date is certainly Franco-centric, probably apocryphal, and likely ਀挀氀漀猀攀 琀漀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀⸀  䤀琀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀猀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 愀琀ഊthe Montpellier medical school by Arnaldus de Villa Nova. Also ਀愀瀀漀挀爀礀瀀栀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 挀漀渀搀攀渀猀攀爀 猀琀椀氀氀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 挀漀渀猀攀爀瘀攀 瘀漀氀愀琀椀氀攀ഊliquids like alcohol is supposed to have been developed by the physician ਀匀愀氀攀爀渀甀猀 ⠀搀⸀ ㄀㄀㘀㜀⤀⸀  匀漀 眀攀 愀爀攀 琀愀氀欀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 ㈀㔀　 礀攀愀爀猀 漀昀 猀欀攀琀挀栀礀 爀攀挀漀爀搀猀Ⰰഊwhich means that alcohol volatile enough to burn was probably distilled in ਀琀栀攀 ㄀㌀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀✀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 戀愀挀欀眀愀爀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 爀甀氀攀猀Ⰰ 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 愀戀漀甀琀ഊalcohol from a trade perspective and I haven't been checking the cookbooks, ਀眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 眀栀礀 䤀 猀愀椀搀 ∀挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀∀ 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀  䴀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀渀搀ഊmostly Central European, and if you can remember where you found the ਀爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 琀漀 䤀爀椀猀栀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 欀渀漀眀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀䈀攀愀爀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Wed, 16 Sep 1998 14:44:37 -0400 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀倀栀椀氀椀瀀瀀愀 䄀氀搀攀爀琀漀渀∀ 㰀瀀栀氀椀瀀 愀琀 戀爀椀最栀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: Re Eau Ardent - Re: SC - Re: Duel - Recipe Three ਀ഊAdamantius sez: ਀ഊ>and if I ਀㸀爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 猀漀洀攀眀栀攀爀攀 椀渀 䌀甀爀礀攀 伀渀ഊ>Inglysch, essentially a distillate of spiced wine. ਀ഊYou asked, love, and so it shall be given. I don't have a symbol for thorn ਀漀渀 洀礀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀昀 䤀 搀椀搀Ⰰ 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 礀漀甀 洀椀最栀琀 渀漀琀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 瀀椀挀欀 椀琀 甀瀀ഊas a thorn, so that's why I'll be putting all those th thingies in ਀瀀愀爀攀渀琀栀攀猀攀猀㨀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀 䌀甀爀礀攀 漀渀 䤀渀最氀礀猀挀栀Ⰰ 䠀攀愀琀琀 愀渀搀 䈀甀琀氀攀爀Ⰰ 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 ㄀㤀㠀㔀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀渀ഊGoud Kokery, number 7. ਀ഊ7 Aqua vite: (th)at is to seie, water of liif. Fille (th)i viol ful of ਀氀礀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀漀渀最 眀椀礀渀Ⰰ ☀ 瀀甀琀琀攀 ⠀琀栀⤀攀爀攀琀漀 ⠀琀栀⤀攀猀攀 瀀漀甀搀爀椀猀㨀 瀀漀甀搀椀爀 漀昀 挀愀渀椀氀Ⰰ 漀昀ഊclowes, of gyngyuer, of notemugges, of galyngale, of quibibis, of greyn de ਀瀀愀爀礀猀Ⰰ 漀昀 氀漀渀最攀 瀀攀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 漀昀 戀氀愀欀攀 瀀攀瀀攀爀㨀 愀氀氀攀 ⠀琀栀⤀攀猀攀 椀渀 瀀漀眀搀椀爀⸀ 䌀愀爀攀愀眀愀礀Ⰰഊcirmunteyn, comyn, fenel, smallage, persile, sauge, myntis, ruwe, ਀挀愀氀愀洀礀渀琀攀Ⰰ 漀爀椀最愀渀甀洀㨀 愀渀搀 愀 栀愀氀昀 甀渀挀攀 漀爀 洀漀漀爀攀 漀爀 氀愀猀猀攀Ⰰ 愀猀 ⠀琀栀⤀攀攀 氀椀欀椀⠀琀栀⤀⸀ഊPownd hym a litil, for it will be (th)e betir, & put hem to (th)ese ਀瀀漀甀搀爀椀猀⸀ഊ(Th)anne sette (th)i glas on (th)e fier, sette on the houel, & kepe it wel ਀⠀琀栀⤀愀琀 ⠀琀栀⤀ 栀攀琀攀 挀漀洀攀 渀漀琀 漀 椀琀㬀 ☀ 猀攀琀琀攀 ⠀琀栀⤀攀爀瘀渀搀椀爀 愀 瘀椀漀氀Ⰰ ☀ 欀攀瀀攀 ⠀琀栀⤀ഊwatir. ਀ഊPhlip ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㘀 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㄀㤀㨀㔀㜀㨀㈀　 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: allilyn at juno.com (LYN M PARKINSON) ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀攀㨀 䐀甀攀氀 ⴀ 攀眀 愀爀搀愀甀渀琀ഊ ਀ 攀眀 愀爀搀愀甀渀琀 渀⸀ 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀Ⰰ 愀焀甀愀 愀爀搀愀甀渀琀Ⰰ 焀⸀瘀⸀ 䤀嘀 ㄀㤀㜀⸀ⴀⴀ吀栀攀 椀搀攀愀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 戀攀ഊto serve the 'castle' flambe', as is called for in one Ar recipe, no. 139 ਀⠀愀 爀椀挀栀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 ✀洀愀眀洀攀渀渀礀✀⤀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀搀搀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀Ⰰ ✀瀀甀琀琀攀 琀栀攀爀攀漀渀 愀ഊlitel aqua vite and quen hit is dresset in dysshes as hit is before sayde ਀琀栀攀渀渀攀 氀椀最栀琀 栀椀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 眀愀砀 挀愀渀搀攀氀 愀渀搀 猀攀爀甀攀 栀椀琀 昀漀爀琀栀攀 戀爀攀渀渀礀渀最攀✀⸀ഊ ਀ഊMaster A says: ਀㸀㸀 椀昀 䤀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 猀漀洀攀眀栀攀爀攀 椀渀ഊCurye On Inglysch, essentially a distillate of spiced wine. << ਀ഊ"aqua ardaunt/ardente n. spitits, brandy or aqua vite V 4, 8*, AQUA VITE ਀嘀 㜀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 猀瀀椀爀琀猀⸀  匀攀攀 愀氀猀漀 攀眀 愀爀搀愀甀渀琀⸀∀   昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䤀渀搀攀砀 愀渀搀ഊCommentary. ਀ഊ>From _Goud Kokery_, #7. Aqua vite: that is to seie, water of liif. ਀䘀椀氀氀攀 琀栀椀 瘀椀漀氀 昀甀氀 漀昀 氀礀攀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀漀渀最 眀椀礀渀Ⰰഊ& putte therto these poudris: poudir of canel, of clowes, of gyngyuer, of ਀渀漀琀攀洀甀最最攀猀Ⰰ 漀昀 最愀氀礀渀最愀氀攀Ⰰ 漀昀 焀甀椀戀椀戀椀猀Ⰰ 漀昀 最爀攀礀渀 搀攀 瀀愀爀礀猀Ⰰ 漀昀 氀漀渀最攀 瀀攀瀀攀爀Ⰰഊof blake peper: alle these in powdir. Careawey, cirmunteyn, comyn, ਀昀攀渀攀氀Ⰰ 猀洀愀氀氀愀最攀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀猀椀氀攀Ⰰ 猀愀甀最攀Ⰰ 洀礀渀琀椀猀Ⰰ 爀甀眀攀Ⰰ 挀愀氀愀洀礀渀琀攀Ⰰ 漀爀椀最愀渀甀洀㨀 愀渀搀 愀ഊhalf unce or moore or lasse, as thee likith. Pownd hem a litil, for it ਀眀椀氀氀 戀攀 琀栀攀 戀攀琀椀爀Ⰰ ☀ 瀀甀琀 栀攀洀 琀漀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀漀甀搀爀椀猀Ⰰ  吀栀愀渀渀攀 猀攀琀琀攀 琀栀椀 最氀愀猀 漀渀ഊthe fier, sett on the houel, & kepe it wel that the hete come not o it; & ਀猀攀琀琀攀 琀栀攀爀瘀渀搀椀爀 愀 瘀椀漀氀Ⰰ ☀ 欀攀瀀攀 琀栀攀 眀愀琀椀爀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 眀栀漀氀攀 琀栀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀琀 栀愀猀 愀 氀漀琀 洀漀爀攀 猀琀甀昀昀 椀渀 椀琀 琀栀愀渀 䤀ഊthought of as 'aqua vitae'. ਀ഊAllison ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㈀㤀 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㄀㔀㨀㄀㜀㨀㐀㄀ ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Jeff Botkins ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀攀挀琀椀昀椀攀搀 圀栀椀猀欀攀礀ഊ ਀搀爀愀椀漀挀栀琀 愀琀 攀愀爀琀栀氀椀渀欀⸀渀攀琀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> I have a strange question. WHAT is Rectified Whiskey??? ਀㸀 䐀漀攀猀 琀栀椀猀 洀攀愀渀 氀椀欀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 漀爀 眀栀愀琀㼀 䤀 愀洀 猀漀漀漀漀漀 挀漀渀昀甀猀攀搀℀ഊ> ਀㸀 䜀氀漀ഊ ਀䤀䤀刀䌀Ⰰ 刀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀  漀昀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 椀猀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 琀攀爀洀 昀漀爀 刀攀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊThey would take the distilled alcohol, dilute it, filter it through ਀挀栀愀爀挀漀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 爀攀挀椀昀礀 椀琀 ⠀琀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 搀漀渀攀 琀漀 攀氀椀洀椀渀愀琀攀 愀渀礀 爀攀洀愀椀渀椀渀最ഊimpurities). ਀ഊIt used to be used to create a more "neutral" spirit whcih became a ਀猀漀氀瘀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊtinctures... ਀ഊJeff ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀愀琀Ⰰ ㄀㐀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 　㤀㨀㔀㜀㨀　　 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: Philip & Susan Troy ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀攀㨀䠀攀洀瀀 匀攀攀搀 愀最愀椀渀ഊ ਀䈀爀攀渀渀愀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Forgive me...I am not really ignorant of drugs entirely, but I've heard the ਀㸀 琀攀爀洀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 ⠀∀眀愀琀攀爀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀∀ 䤀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀⤀ 愀渀搀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀 椀搀攀愀 眀栀愀琀 椀琀 椀猀⸀  ഊ> Can anyone tell me? ਀ഊAqua vitae, or water of life, to cut to the chase, is water that will ਀戀甀爀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀 眀愀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 愀氀氀 欀椀渀搀猀 漀昀 瘀愀最甀攀氀礀 洀愀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀ഊspecifically medicinal qualities. Translated into Gaelic it is called ਀甀椀猀最攀戀愀甀最栀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀渀漀甀渀挀攀搀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 氀椀欀攀 眀栀椀猀欀瘀愀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 戀漀眀搀氀攀爀椀稀攀搀 戀礀ഊEnglish-speakers as whisky. ਀ഊIn period usage it is almost any distilled spirit, made from grapes, ਀最爀愀椀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 漀爀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 䈀吀圀Ⰰഊwould be added _before_ distillation, so this stuff is not much like a ਀挀漀爀搀椀愀氀 ⠀椀渀 愀渀猀眀攀爀 琀漀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀✀猀 渀攀砀琀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀⤀ 㬀  ⤀ഊ ਀䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 15 Nov 1998 07:48:00 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 倀栀椀氀椀瀀 ☀ 匀甀猀愀渀 吀爀漀礀 㰀琀爀漀礀 愀琀 愀猀愀渀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Al-Cohol ਀ഊStefan li Rous wrote: ਀㸀ഊ> Corwyn said: ਀㸀 㸀䤀琀 椀猀 爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 戀礀 䴀漀猀氀攀洀 愀氀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀猀 愀猀 䄀氀ⴀ䌀漀栀漀氀 䴀椀䰀愀搀礀⸀⸀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 吀栀椀猀 猀漀甀渀搀猀 氀椀欀攀 愀 甀爀戀愀渀 氀攀最攀渀搀⸀ 刀攀昀攀爀愀渀挀攀猀 漀爀 焀甀漀琀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀⸀ഊ> Dates? Or can someone tell me what that translates into in whatever ਀㸀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 椀琀 椀猀 椀渀㼀ഊ ਀䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 洀礀 昀愀椀爀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ洀椀搀搀氀椀渀最 搀攀猀欀琀漀瀀 搀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀 椀猀㨀ഊ ਀⠀䴀䰀 㰀 䄀爀⸀ 䄀氀 欀漀栀氀⤀Ⰰ 漀爀椀最⸀ 瀀漀眀搀攀爀 漀昀 愀渀琀椀洀漀渀礀Ⰰ 洀攀愀渀椀渀最 挀栀愀渀最攀搀 椀渀ഊEuropean usage. ਀ഊConsidering that Arab alchemists are believed to have invented ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀漀漀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 搀漀攀猀 猀攀攀洀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 氀椀欀攀氀礀⸀ഊ ਀䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀ഊ- -- ਀倀栀椀氀 ☀ 匀甀猀愀渀 吀爀漀礀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 15 Nov 1998 06:55:23 -0600 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䐀攀挀欀攀爀Ⰰ 吀攀爀爀礀 䐀⸀∀ 㰀吀攀爀爀礀䐀 愀琀 䠀攀愀氀琀栀⸀匀琀愀琀攀⸀伀䬀⸀唀匀㸀ഊSubject: RE: SC - Al-Cohol ਀ഊ>From the quick ref: Alcohol is an Arabic word derived from al kuhl, kuhl ਀戀攀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀搀攀爀攀搀 愀渀琀椀洀漀渀礀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 搀愀爀欀攀渀 氀愀搀椀攀猀 攀礀攀氀椀搀猀 ⠀欀漀栀氀⤀⸀  䄀爀愀戀ഊalchemists used it to describe fine powders some of which were prepared by ਀栀攀愀琀椀渀最 甀渀琀椀氀 漀甀琀最愀猀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀渀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最⸀  䤀琀 眀愀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀椀稀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀愀渀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀ഊof substances including essences of distillation. ਀ഊThe first recorded use of the word alcohol is in 1543 and is used to ਀搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 愀 栀攀愀琀 搀攀爀椀瘀攀搀 瀀漀眀搀攀爀⸀  ∀䄀氀挀漀栀漀氀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀∀ 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 椀渀 ㄀㘀㜀㈀⸀  匀椀渀挀攀ഊalcohol is an English word, a check of the OED should provide some of the ਀爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀䄀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 䄀爀愀戀椀挀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀Ⰰ 氀漀漀欀 昀漀爀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 琀漀 䨀愀戀椀爀 椀戀渀ഊHayyan, who improved distillation techniques in the 9th Century. I think ਀琀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 爀攀琀漀爀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 挀漀渀搀攀渀猀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀栀椀氀氀攀搀 挀漀渀搀攀渀猀攀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 椀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 栀椀最栀 瀀漀琀攀渀挀礀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 椀猀 愀ഊEuropean design from about the 13th Century. Apocryphally, brandy was first ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 ㄀㌀　　 愀琀 琀栀攀 䴀漀渀琀瀀攀氀氀椀攀爀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 戀礀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀ഊArnoldus Villanovanus AKA Arnaldus de Villa Nova AKA Arnaud de Villeneuve. ਀ഊBear ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㄀㔀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 　㠀㨀㔀㔀㨀㐀㐀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: James Gilly / Alasdair mac Iain ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀䔀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䄀氀ⴀ䌀漀栀漀氀ഊ ਀䄀琀 　㘀㨀㔀㔀 ㄀㔀ⴀ㄀㄀ⴀ㤀㠀 ⴀ　㘀　　Ⰰ 䈀攀愀爀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ>"Alcohol of wine" appears in 1672. Since ਀㸀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 椀猀 愀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 眀漀爀搀Ⰰ 愀 挀栀攀挀欀 漀昀 琀栀攀 伀䔀䐀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊ>references required. ਀ഊI just happen to have a copy right here.... 8) [runs downstairs to grab ਀瘀漀氀甀洀攀 ㄀崀ഊ ਀䄀氀挀漀栀漀氀   䄀氀猀漀 㘀ⴀ㠀 愀氀挀漀漀氀Ⰰ 愀氀挀栀漀⠀栀⤀漀氀Ⰰ 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀攀⸀  嬀愀⸀ 洀攀搀⸀ 䰀⸀Ⰰ ⨀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀⨀ഊad, Arab. *al-koh'l* 'collyrium,' the fine powder used to stain the ਀攀礀攀氀椀搀猀Ⰰ 昀⸀ ⨀欀愀栀愀氀愀⨀Ⰰ 䠀攀戀⸀ ⨀欀愀欀栀愀氀⨀Ⰰ 琀漀 猀琀愀椀渀Ⰰ 瀀愀椀渀琀 㨀 猀攀攀 ⨀䔀稀攀欀椀攀氀⨀ 砀砀椀椀椀Ⰰഊ40. It appeared in Eng., as in most of the mod. langs. in 16th c. Cf, Fr. ਀⨀愀氀氀挀漀栀漀氀⨀Ⰰ 渀漀眀 ⨀愀氀挀漀漀氀⨀⸀崀ഊ ਀     ㄀⸀  ⨀漀爀椀最⨀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀椀渀攀 洀攀琀愀氀氀椀挀 瀀漀眀搀攀爀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䔀愀猀琀 琀漀 猀琀愀椀渀 琀栀攀ഊeyelids, etc. : powdered ore of antimony, stibnite, or antimony trisulphide ਀欀渀漀眀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䜀爀攀攀欀猀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 甀猀攀 愀猀ഊ[Greek alphabet not reproducible here]; also, sometimes, powdered galena or ਀氀攀愀搀 漀爀攀⸀  ⨀伀戀猀⨀⸀ഊ [citations omitted, the earliest being from 1615] ਀ഊ 2. Hence, by extension (in early *Chem*.): Any fine impalpable powder ਀瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 戀礀 琀爀椀琀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 戀礀 猀甀戀氀椀洀愀琀椀漀渀㬀 愀猀 ⨀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 洀愀爀琀椀猀⨀ഊreduced iron, *alcohol of sulphur* flower of brimstone, etc. *Obs*. ਀     嬀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀洀椀琀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀椀攀猀琀 戀攀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 ㄀㔀㐀㌀崀ഊ ਀     ㌀⸀  䈀礀 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀漀渀 琀漀 昀氀甀椀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀搀攀愀 漀昀 猀甀戀氀椀洀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䄀渀 攀猀猀攀渀挀攀Ⰰഊquintessence, or 'spirit,' obtained by distillation or 'rectification'; as ਀⨀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀⨀Ⰰ 攀猀猀攀渀挀攀 漀爀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀⸀  ⨀伀戀猀⨀⸀ഊ [citations omitted, the earliest being from 1594] ਀ഊ b. *fig*. Quintessence, condensed spirit. ਀     嬀漀渀攀 挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀㠀㌀　崀ഊ ਀     㐀⸀  ⠀匀栀漀爀琀 昀漀爀 ⨀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀⨀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 戀攀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 昀愀洀椀氀椀愀爀 漀昀ഊ'rectified spirits.') The pure or rectified spirit of wine, the spirituous ਀漀爀 椀渀琀漀砀椀挀愀琀椀渀最 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 氀椀焀甀漀爀猀⸀  䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ ⨀瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀氀礀⨀Ⰰ 愀渀礀ഊliquor containing this spirit. *Absolute* or *anhydrous alcohol*: alcohol ਀攀渀琀椀爀攀氀礀 昀爀攀攀 昀爀漀洀 眀愀琀攀爀⸀ഊ [citations omitted, the earliest being from 1753] ਀ഊ [definition 5, referring to organic chemistry, omitted] ਀ഊAlasdair mac Iain ਀ഊLaird Alasdair mac Iain of Elderslie ਀䐀甀渀 愀渀 䰀攀漀洀栀愀椀渀 䈀栀椀最ഊCanton of Dragon's Aerie [southeastern CT] ਀䈀愀爀漀渀礀 䈀攀礀漀渀搀 琀栀攀 䴀漀甀渀琀愀椀渀  嬀渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 ☀ 猀漀甀琀栀攀愀猀琀攀爀渀 䌀吀崀ഊEast Kingdom ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㄀㔀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㄀　㨀㄀㐀㨀　㌀ 䔀匀吀ഊFrom: LrdRas at aol.com ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䄀氀ⴀ䌀漀栀漀氀ഊ ਀愀挀爀漀甀猀猀 愀琀 最琀攀⸀渀攀琀 眀爀椀琀攀猀㨀ഊ<< I know we dont see the use of distilled beverages in EUROPEAN :) >> ਀ഊGood point. The use of distilled products IF it did occur was, IIRC, mainly ਀氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀⸀ 䤀琀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 甀渀琀椀氀 瘀攀爀礀 氀愀琀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀ഊas a recreational drug. ਀ഊBenedictine, Chartreuse, gin, Jagermeister, uisgebaugh, Frangelico are just a ਀昀攀眀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 挀漀洀瀀漀甀渀搀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 戀攀 琀爀愀挀攀搀 琀漀ഊmedicinal origins. Some of these are marginally period. Others like Bitters, ਀䌀愀洀瀀愀氀椀Ⰰ 䐀甀戀漀渀渀攀琀 ⠀愀 昀漀爀琀椀昀椀攀搀 眀椀渀攀⤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀爀愀渀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 攀瘀攀渀 攀愀爀氀礀 挀漀爀渀ഊwhiskeys, although clearly OOP have their origins as medicinals. Not ਀猀甀爀瀀爀椀猀椀渀最氀礀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 琀爀攀愀琀 猀琀漀洀愀挀栀 愀渀搀ഊintestinal problems. ਀ഊThe recreational drug of choice throughout most of history, up until the ਀猀攀挀漀渀搀 琀栀椀爀搀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 漀瀀椀甀洀 漀爀 栀愀猀栀攀攀猀栀 昀漀爀 琀栀漀猀攀ഊthat could afford them and beers/ales/wines for those who could not. It was ਀渀漀琀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀攀 ㄀㘀　　✀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀㜀　　✀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 猀攀攀 愀 爀椀猀攀 椀渀ഊconsumption of distilled spirits as 'beverages'. This time also coincided ਀眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 漀昀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䌀栀愀洀戀漀爀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 琀漀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 甀猀攀 愀猀 愀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 愀洀 猀漀爀爀礀 琀漀ഊsay that you will be hard pressed to find documentation for it. And, because ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 氀愀眀猀 瀀愀猀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 㜀㔀 礀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 昀漀爀ഊrecreational drugs are simply not available to modern historical ਀爀攀挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀椀猀琀猀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 愀猀猀漀爀琀攀搀 氀愀眀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀瘀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀栀漀猀攀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀猀ഊimpractical or illegal unless you have contact with those in assorted ਀猀甀戀挀甀氀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 礀漀甀爀 洀漀甀琀栀 猀栀甀琀 眀栀攀渀 挀漀渀昀爀漀渀琀攀搀ഊwith curious law enforcement personel. ਀ഊRas ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㠀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㠀 ㄀㈀㨀㌀㌀㨀㄀㔀 ⴀ　㠀　　ഊFrom: david friedman ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀甀洀 愀渀搀 䈀爀漀眀渀 匀甀最愀爀 ⠀眀愀猀㨀 䤀猀氀攀猀 䄀渀渀椀瘀 䘀攀愀猀琀⤀ഊ ਀䬀椀渀甀欀漀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ>I thought rum and brown sugar were period ingredients. Granted, they probably ਀㸀眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 戀甀琀琀攀爀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 眀愀渀琀攀搀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀渀礀眀愀礀⸀ 㨀⤀ഊ ਀刀甀洀 洀攀愀渀猀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 猀甀最愀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 洀漀氀愀猀猀攀猀⸀  䤀琀ഊapparently was not made until sugar became cheap, which means during the ਀㄀㜀琀栀 挀⸀ 眀栀攀渀 猀甀最愀爀 瀀氀愀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀 䤀渀搀椀攀猀 戀礀ഊEuropeans. Both Anne Wilson (_Food and Drink in Britain_) and the Oxford ਀䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 栀愀瘀攀 愀猀 琀栀攀椀爀 攀愀爀氀椀攀猀琀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 爀甀洀 洀椀搀ⴀ㄀㜀琀栀 挀⸀ഊreferences to the West Indies. So as far as I can tell, rum, though not all ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀Ⰰ 椀猀 漀甀琀 漀昀 漀甀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ഊ ਀䈀爀漀眀渀 猀甀最愀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 搀愀礀猀 洀攀愀渀猀 爀攀昀椀渀攀搀 眀栀椀琀攀 猀甀最愀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 栀愀搀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 漀昀ഊthe molasses mixed back in. In period, some of the sugar would have been ਀琀栀漀爀漀甀最栀 爀攀昀椀渀攀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 氀攀猀猀 爀攀昀椀渀攀搀Ⰰ 氀漀眀攀爀ⴀ最爀愀搀攀ഊsuagr with (particularly in the middle of a sugar loaf) a good deal of the ਀洀漀氀愀猀猀攀猀 氀攀昀琀 椀渀㬀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 漀渀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀ⴀ挀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 甀猀攀猀ഊ"black sugar". So some form of brown sugar does seem to be period. ਀ഊElizabeth/Betty Cook ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䄀瀀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀㐀㨀　㠀㨀㈀㔀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Jeff Gedney ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䘀眀㨀 刀攀㨀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䌀漀搀攀 漀昀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 刀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 挀氀攀愀爀氀礀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 䄀䰀䰀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 戀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 漀眀椀渀最 琀愀砀攀猀 䘀刀伀䴀 吀䠀䔀 䴀伀䴀䔀一吀 吀䠀䔀夀 䌀伀䴀䔀 䤀一吀伀 䔀堀䤀匀吀䔀一䌀䔀⸀ഊThere are no exceptions in the code. ਀䄀猀 昀漀爀 戀甀礀椀渀最 琀愀砀 猀琀愀洀瀀猀Ⰰ ㈀㜀䌀䘀刀㄀㤀 挀氀攀愀爀氀礀 猀瀀攀氀氀猀 漀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀猀 愀 氀攀最愀氀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀椀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 戀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊIf your still, whose products you are buying tax stamps for, do not meet those specifications, you are inviolation of federal regulations, and subject to prosecution. ਀䤀昀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 猀琀椀氀氀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀猀攀搀Ⰰ 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 琀漀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀氀礀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀栀攀 䄀吀䘀 琀漀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 挀攀爀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 䄀吀 䄀一夀 吀䤀䴀䔀 琀栀攀礀 挀栀漀漀猀攀 琀漀 瘀椀猀椀琀⸀ഊAny attempt to hide, dismantle or change the still is a violation of the law. ਀倀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ 渀漀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ഊDon't forget, that these regulations are the very same that got Al Capone. ਀吀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 爀攀愀氀 愀渀搀 洀愀礀 戀攀 瘀椀最漀爀漀甀猀氀礀 攀渀昀漀爀挀攀搀 愀琀 愀渀礀 琀椀洀攀⸀ഊJust because some local ATF office may look the other way, does not mean they will continue to do so, or that any other branch will look the other way, too. ਀ഊJust because someone you know is not CAUGHT and PROSECUTED distilling alcoholic beverages, does not make it LEGAL ਀ഊIf you do not produce alcohol in your still, you are not subject to these laws, so essential oil stills, as long as they are not used with an alcoholic mash, are perfectly legal. ਀ഊbrandu ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䄀瀀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 　㐀㨀㌀　㨀㐀㤀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Marilyn Traber ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最ഊ ਀渀漀瀀攀⸀ 椀琀 椀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 琀愀欀椀渀最 愀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀渀搀攀爀椀渀最 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 攀砀挀攀猀猀 眀愀琀攀爀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀ഊstronger product. ਀洀愀爀最愀氀椀ഊ ਀䐀愀渀椀攀氀 倀栀攀氀瀀猀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Since this thread has come up I have a question. Not being a chemist I am ਀㸀 渀漀琀 猀甀爀攀 眀栀愀琀 椀琀 椀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 ∀䘀爀攀攀稀攀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀㼀∀ 洀愀礀栀愀瀀猀 戀甀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀ഊ> lead to believe that one can use repeated freezing and draining to ਀㸀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀攀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 昀爀漀洀 猀愀礀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 愀瀀瀀氀攀 樀甀椀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀 洀愀欀攀 ∀䄀瀀瀀氀攀ഊ> Jack". And thus by pass the steam distillation process. Is true? Is ਀㸀 氀攀最愀氀㼀ഊ> ਀㸀 䐀愀渀椀攀氀 刀愀漀甀氀ഊ ਀昀礀椀 漀渀氀礀 㬀ⴀ⤀ഊthe easiest waay to freeze distill is to take a large metal bowl of the liquid, ਀瀀漀瀀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀爀攀攀稀攀爀⸀ 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 最攀琀猀 搀漀眀渀 琀漀 ㌀㈀ 搀攀最 昀愀栀爀攀渀栀攀椀琀Ⰰ 搀爀漀瀀 椀渀 愀ഊhandfull of icecubes. the excess water congeals on the ice cubes and after a ਀眀栀椀氀攀 嬀琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀氀礀 ㄀㔀ⴀ㈀　 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀崀 礀漀甀 琀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 戀漀眀氀 漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀爀攀攀稀攀爀Ⰰ 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀ഊice cubes, let the liquid rise to just above freezing and repeat. Keep in mind ਀琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀瘀攀爀愀最攀 戀爀攀眀 椀猀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀㔀─ 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 愀渀搀 氀攀猀猀Ⰰ 猀漀 礀漀甀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 渀攀攀搀 愀 氀漀琀 漀昀ഊswill to distill. Classic applejack is made by leaving a barrel of hard cider ਀漀甀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀攀渀 礀漀甀 琀愀瀀 椀琀 戀礀 搀爀椀氀氀椀渀最 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 椀挀攀 琀漀 最攀琀 琀漀ഊthe alcoholic liquid core, you only have a gallon or so of jack. Lots of work ਀昀漀爀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 爀攀琀甀爀渀⸀  刀攀挀琀椀昀礀椀渀最 椀猀 洀甀挀栀 攀愀猀椀攀爀 愀渀搀 昀愀猀琀攀爀ⰀⰀⰀഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 4 Jul 1999 13:32:50 EDT ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䰀爀搀刀愀猀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubject: SC - Vodka ਀ഊagincort at raex.com writes: ਀㰀㰀  栀漀眀 攀愀爀氀礀 椀猀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀 嘀漀搀欀愀㼀 㸀㸀ഊ ਀瘀漀搀⨀欀愀 ⠀渀漀甀渀⤀ഊ ਀嬀刀甀猀猀椀愀渀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 瘀漀搀愀 眀愀琀攀爀㬀 愀欀椀渀 琀漀 伀氀搀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 眀愀攀琀攀爀 眀愀琀攀爀崀ഊ ਀䘀椀爀猀琀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀攀搀 挀椀爀挀愀 ㄀㠀　㌀ഊ ਀刀愀猀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 4 Jul 1999 22:27:51 -0000 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀㴀㼀椀猀漀ⴀ㠀㠀㔀㤀ⴀ㄀㼀儀㼀一愀渀渀愀开刀㴀䘀㘀最渀瘀愀氀搀愀爀搀㴀䘀㌀琀琀椀爀㼀㴀∀ 㰀渀愀渀渀愀爀 愀琀 椀猀栀漀氀昀⸀椀猀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Vodka ਀ഊBjarni wrote: ਀㸀吀爀甀攀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀氀氀 眀攀✀爀攀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 甀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀⸀  䤀 搀漀渀✀琀ഊ>have an historical Russian dictionary, but the earliest quote in OED (where ਀㸀刀愀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 最漀琀 栀椀猀 椀渀昀漀⤀ 椀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀攀爀✀猀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀Ⰰ 爀攀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 漀渀ഊ>extant Russian usage, that must predate the publication. Any linguists out ਀㸀琀栀攀爀攀㼀ഊ ਀圀攀氀氀Ⰰ 渀漀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀猀 琀愀欀攀渀 昀爀漀洀 愀 戀漀漀欀 漀渀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 戀礀ഊwine writer Stuart Walton: ਀ഊThe word vodka is a Russian endearment meaning "little water" from their ਀眀漀爀搀 昀漀爀 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 瘀漀搀愀⸀ 䤀琀 搀漀攀猀渀됀琀 搀攀渀漀琀攀 琀栀攀 昀氀愀瘀漀甀爀氀攀猀猀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀Ⰰഊhowever, but derives from the widespread linguistic practice in Europe of ਀爀攀昀攀爀爀椀渀最 琀漀 愀氀氀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀攀猀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 愀猀 愀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 眀愀琀攀爀 ⠀愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䰀愀琀椀渀ഊaqua vitae and French eau de vie). ਀ഊPrecisely because it is such a simple drink, it is almost impossible to ਀瀀椀渀瀀漀椀渀琀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀猀 漀昀 瘀漀搀欀愀 栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀氀礀⸀ 䄀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 昀爀漀洀ഊvarious grains ... has been made in Poland, Russia and the Baltic states of ਀䰀愀琀瘀椀愀Ⰰ 䰀椀琀栀甀愀渀椀愀 愀渀搀 䔀猀琀漀渀椀愀 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀礀 攀愀爀氀礀 搀愀礀猀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀ഊEurope. But as to where a drink specificially recognizable as vodka first ਀愀爀漀猀攀 椀猀 愀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 倀漀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀猀 琀漀 猀漀爀琀 漀甀琀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀ഊthemselves. (Most outsiders, it should be said, tend to come down on the ਀倀漀氀椀猀栀 猀椀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀攀渀挀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 搀愀礀猀⸀⤀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 爀攀挀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 琀愀欀攀 瀀氀愀挀攀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀ഊbeginning of the 19th century, and so these early distillates would have ਀琀愀猀琀攀搀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 甀渀挀氀攀愀渀Ⰰ 琀漀 猀愀礀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀猀琀⸀⨀ 䄀渀礀 栀攀爀戀猀Ⰰ 猀攀攀搀猀 漀爀 戀攀爀爀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀ഊwere to hand would be steeped in the spirit to mask its rankness. So the ਀昀椀爀猀琀 瘀漀搀欀愀猀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 琀栀攀 愀渀漀渀礀洀漀甀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 瀀爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀搀愀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀攀ഊancestors of the flavoured vodkas that are sometimes greeted as nothing more ਀琀栀愀渀 渀漀瘀攀氀琀礀 椀琀攀洀猀 戀礀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 搀爀椀渀欀攀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀⨀⤀ 䤀 挀愀渀 瘀漀甀挀栀 昀漀爀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀椀渀最 搀爀甀渀欀 洀礀 猀栀愀爀攀 漀昀 洀漀漀渀猀栀椀渀攀 䤀挀攀氀愀渀搀椀挀 瘀漀搀欀愀ഊin my tender youth. ਀ഊThe following is taken from the website of a White Russian vodka importer: ਀ഊVodka was created sometime in the twelfth century, probably in Russia, ਀瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀 倀漀氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 攀瘀攀渀 倀攀爀猀椀愀⸀ 匀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 漀甀琀 愀猀 愀 挀爀甀搀攀Ⰰ 爀礀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀ഊspirit used for medical purposes, vodka was known in Russian as zhiznennia ਀瘀漀搀愀⸀ഊ ਀䤀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀㐀　猀 琀栀攀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 琀猀愀爀 䤀瘀愀渀 ✀琀栀攀 吀攀爀爀椀戀氀攀✀ 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 栀椀猀 漀眀渀ഊnetwork of distilling taverns and ensured that the profits went straight ਀椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀攀爀椀愀氀 琀爀攀愀猀甀爀礀⸀ 䠀攀 漀甀琀氀愀眀攀搀 琀愀瘀攀爀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 栀椀猀ഊcontrol and put a ban on distilling by potential rivals. He kept his options ਀漀瀀攀渀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀℀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 椀渀 渀攀攀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 猀漀 栀攀ഊallowed them to continue distilling Vodka. ਀ഊRestrictions and threats of savage punishment didn't dampen the enthusiasm ਀漀昀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 昀漀爀 瘀漀搀欀愀ⴀ洀愀欀椀渀最⸀ 匀攀挀爀攀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀ഊcentury. At the same time the tsar's taverns flourished and grew in number ਀琀漀 猀甀挀栀 愀渀 攀砀琀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 戀礀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀攀 猀攀瘀攀渀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 愀 瘀椀猀椀琀漀爀 琀漀 刀甀猀猀椀愀ഊremarked that they outnumbered bath-houses. ਀ഊSuccessive rulers tightened their monopoly on Vodka distilling but continued ਀琀漀 挀甀爀爀礀 昀愀瘀漀爀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 渀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 最攀渀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀猀 戀礀ഊgranting them distilling rights. Thus, in addition to its social role, Vodka ਀栀愀搀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀戀氀攀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀挀攀 椀渀 刀甀猀猀椀愀⸀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀攀瘀攀渀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 椀琀 栀愀搀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 挀甀猀琀漀洀愀爀礀 昀漀爀ഊVodka to be served at Russian imperial banquets. All formal meals began with ਀戀爀攀愀搀 愀渀搀 嘀漀搀欀愀⸀ 嘀漀搀欀愀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 搀爀甀渀欀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀椀愀氀氀礀 愀琀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 昀攀猀琀椀瘀愀氀猀ഊand in church ritual, and to refuse to partake could be considered impious. ਀ഊNanna ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ 　㐀 䨀甀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀㠀㨀㈀㔀㨀㈀㔀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Mahanna ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 嘀漀搀欀愀ഊ ਀    一愀渀渀愀 眀爀椀琀攀猀 ∀嘀漀搀欀愀 眀愀猀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀眀攀氀昀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰഊprobably in Russia, possibly Poland, perhaps even Persia. Starting out ਀愀猀 愀 挀爀甀搀攀Ⰰ 爀礀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀Ⰰ 瘀漀搀欀愀 眀愀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 ഊin Russian as zhiznennia voda." ਀ഊWell I know little and or nothing about its origins but Zizhnennia ਀瘀漀搀愀 氀椀琀攀爀愀氀氀礀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀猀 琀漀 䰀椀昀攀 圀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 瘀愀猀琀氀礀ഊinteresting. ਀䴀漀爀眀攀渀渀愀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 4 Jul 1999 20:40:27 EDT ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䴀漀爀搀漀渀渀愀㈀㈀ 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Vodka ਀ഊjmmahanna at mindspring.com writes: ਀㰀㰀ഊ Well I know little and or nothing about its origins but Zizhnennia ਀ 瘀漀搀愀 氀椀琀攀爀愀氀氀礀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀猀 琀漀 䰀椀昀攀 圀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 瘀愀猀琀氀礀ഊ interesting. >> ਀ഊLatin Aqua Vitae, and French Eau de Vie are also terms for Alcoholic spirits ਀琀栀愀琀 愀氀猀漀 洀攀愀渀 ∀眀愀琀攀爀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀⸀∀  䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 礀漀甀 眀椀氀氀 昀椀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 䴀䄀一夀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀猀ഊcalled their booze "the water of life." I think the Scottish term Uisbaugh ਀昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 眀漀爀搀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 愀氀猀漀 洀攀愀渀猀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 挀氀漀猀攀ഊto the same thing. ਀ഊMordonna ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㌀ 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 　㠀㨀　㌀㨀㄀㔀 䔀䐀吀ഊFrom: LrdRas at aol.com ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 攀洀戀愀猀猀礀 洀攀愀氀ഊ ਀猀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 琀攀砀愀猀⸀渀攀琀 眀爀椀琀攀猀㨀ഊ<< I thought when you distilled grain you got ਀ 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 挀氀漀猀攀爀 琀漀 戀漀甀爀戀漀渀 漀爀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀㼀 刀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 挀氀攀愀爀Ⰰ 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀ഊ tasteless modern vodka. >> ਀ഊBourbon has a very high percentage of corn in it as do other whiskeys. ਀ഊThe fermentation process of grain used in vodka production is very different ਀昀爀漀洀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 嘀漀搀欀愀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀猀 琀栀攀ഊuse of wheat or rye mash whereas the latter are a mixed mash of corn and ਀漀琀栀攀爀 最爀愀椀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 搀漀渀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 琀椀洀攀猀 甀渀琀椀氀 愀渀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 瀀甀爀攀ഊalcohol (95 proof/190 per cent) results. The finished distillate is then ਀昀椀氀琀攀爀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 挀栀愀爀挀漀愀氀 ⠀愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀ഊchips) several times (typically 3 to 5 times) until it is neutral flavored. ਀吀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 猀琀攀瀀 椀猀 琀栀攀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 搀漀眀渀ഊto the most popular strengths such as 80 or 100 proof (40 and 50 per cent ਀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀⤀⸀ 䄀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 漀渀攀 漀爀 琀眀漀 戀爀愀渀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 挀愀爀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀爀攀ഊhave been produced since the early 1600s CE. ਀ഊRas ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㌀ 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 　㤀㨀㄀㌀㨀㄀㌀ ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Philip & Susan Troy ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 攀洀戀愀猀猀礀 洀攀愀氀ഊ ਀䰀爀搀刀愀猀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Bourbon has a very high percentage of corn in it as do other whiskeys. ਀㸀ഊ> The fermentation process of grain used in vodka production is very different ਀㸀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 嘀漀搀欀愀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀猀 琀栀攀ഊ> use of wheat or rye mash whereas the latter are a mixed mash of corn and ਀㸀 漀琀栀攀爀 最爀愀椀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 搀漀渀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 琀椀洀攀猀 甀渀琀椀氀 愀渀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 瀀甀爀攀ഊ> alcohol (95 proof/190 per cent) results. The finished distillate is then ਀㸀 昀椀氀琀攀爀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 挀栀愀爀挀漀愀氀 ⠀愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀ഊ> chips) several times (typically 3 to 5 times) until it is neutral flavored. ਀㸀 吀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 猀琀攀瀀 椀猀 琀栀攀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 搀漀眀渀ഊ> to the most popular strengths such as 80 or 100 proof (40 and 50 per cent ਀㸀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀⤀⸀ 䄀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 漀渀攀 漀爀 琀眀漀 戀爀愀渀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 挀愀爀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀爀攀ഊ> have been produced since the early 1600s CE. ਀㸀ഊ> Ras ਀ഊSomething to add to the above, in reference to bouirbon and other ਀䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀猀 ⠀眀栀愀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀 最爀愀洀洀愀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀 瀀氀甀爀愀氀 漀昀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀Ⰰഊwhich would refer to American varieties, and whisky, to British ones?): ਀ഊCorn (i.e. maize) is used in the production of bourbon and sourmash ਀眀栀椀猀欀攀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀Ⰰ 漀挀挀愀猀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 椀渀 爀礀攀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 甀猀攀搀Ⰰ 䄀䘀䄀䤀䬀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊproduction of any European whisky(plural of). As far as vodka goes, ਀眀栀椀氀攀 椀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀Ⰰ 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 瀀漀琀愀琀漀攀猀Ⰰ 洀漀猀琀 椀猀 渀漀眀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀ഊgrain and it wouldn't surprise me at all if some were made at least in ਀瀀愀爀琀 昀爀漀洀 洀愀椀稀攀⸀ഊ ਀䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀爀挀漀愀氀 昀椀氀琀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀猀 刀愀猀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀氀礀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 漀甀琀 愀猀 愀ഊdifference between vodka and whiskey, there is the even more significant ਀愀最椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 漀昀琀攀渀 椀渀 挀栀愀爀爀攀搀 ⠀漀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀渀攀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀⤀ 戀愀爀爀攀氀猀Ⰰ 渀漀爀洀愀氀氀礀ഊoak. The oak absorbs some volatile esters, as well as adding tannins and ਀漀琀栀攀爀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀漀爀 漀昀 椀琀猀 漀眀渀Ⰰ 愀猀 搀漀攀猀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀爀挀漀愀氀 漀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀渀攀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀⸀ഊ ਀䔀砀挀攀瀀琀 琀漀 愀 挀漀渀渀漀椀猀猀攀甀爀Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 瀀漀琀挀栀攀攀渀 愀渀搀 眀栀椀琀攀 氀椀最栀琀渀椀渀最 ⠀甀渀愀最攀搀ഊwhiskies) bear a pretty close resemblance to vodka, which generally is ਀渀漀琀 愀最攀搀⸀ഊ ਀䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sat, 16 Oct 1999 11:08:12 EDT ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䰀爀搀刀愀猀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Looking for Grappa info and recipe ਀ഊGrappa is indeed a fermented grape product. After the juice has been pressed ਀昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 最爀愀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀欀椀渀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀攀洀猀 氀攀昀琀 昀爀漀洀 瀀爀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀爀攀 愀氀氀漀眀攀搀 琀漀ഊferment. This mash is then distilled. The result of that distillation is ਀挀愀氀氀攀搀 最爀愀瀀瀀愀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 愀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 栀愀爀猀栀 搀爀椀渀欀 愀渀搀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀最攀搀 椀渀 漀愀欀 愀猀 眀椀渀攀ഊor other brandies are. ਀ഊRas ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀愀琀Ⰰ ㄀㘀 伀挀琀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㈀㈀㨀㈀㈀㨀㄀㜀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Philip & Susan Troy ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䰀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 䜀爀愀瀀瀀愀 椀渀昀漀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀ഊ ਀䰀爀搀刀愀猀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Grappa is indeed a fermented grape product. After the juice has been pressed ਀㸀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 最爀愀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀欀椀渀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀攀洀猀 氀攀昀琀 昀爀漀洀 瀀爀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀爀攀 愀氀氀漀眀攀搀 琀漀ഊ> ferment. This mash is then distilled. The result of that distillation is ਀㸀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 最爀愀瀀瀀愀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 愀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 栀愀爀猀栀 搀爀椀渀欀 愀渀搀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀最攀搀 椀渀 漀愀欀 愀猀 眀椀渀攀ഊ> or other brandies are. ਀㸀ഊ> Ras ਀ഊIIRC (and I may not be), this is the equivalent of the French marc. ਀ഊAdamantius ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㄀㜀 伀挀琀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀　㨀㐀㄀㨀㄀㠀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: georg ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䰀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 䜀爀愀瀀瀀愀 椀渀昀漀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀ഊ ਀㸀 㸀 䤀 最漀琀 琀栀椀猀 椀渀焀甀椀爀礀 愀 昀攀眀 搀愀礀猀 愀最漀 愀渀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 挀漀渀昀椀爀洀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 最爀愀瀀瀀愀 眀愀猀ഊ> > indeed a distilled Italian wine, I checked my files but I must not have ਀㸀 㸀 猀愀瘀攀搀 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 瀀漀猀琀攀搀 栀攀爀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 最爀愀瀀瀀愀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀猀琀⸀ഊ> > ਀㸀 㸀 䠀攀爀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 眀愀猀㨀ഊ> > > Hello - ਀㸀 㸀 㸀 䤀 眀愀猀 眀漀渀搀攀爀椀渀最 椀昀 礀漀甀 栀愀搀 愀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 洀愀欀椀渀最 最爀愀瀀瀀愀㼀  吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀⸀ഊ> > ਀㸀 㸀 䄀渀搀 栀攀爀 挀氀愀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀㨀ഊ> > > Many thanks for responding...Grappa is indeed an distilled Italian ਀㸀 㸀 㸀 搀椀最攀猀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀愀爀搀攀搀 猀欀椀渀猀 漀昀 最爀愀瀀攀猀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀ഊ> > > winemaking. I appreciate your help, ਀㸀 㸀 㸀   ⴀ䰀漀爀爀愀椀渀攀ഊ ਀䤀琀 椀猀 洀礀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀 最爀愀瀀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 渀漀爀洀愀氀ഊfashion. The first press is used to make good wine. Then there is a ਀猀攀挀漀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 眀愀琀攀爀 椀猀 愀搀搀攀搀 琀漀 ∀爀椀渀猀攀∀ 琀栀攀 氀攀昀琀 漀瘀攀爀ഊbits. Sugar is also often added to this second run. Then it is allowed ਀琀漀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀 愀猀 甀猀甀愀氀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 爀甀渀 眀椀渀攀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀猀 琀愀猀琀礀 愀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀Ⰰഊso it is then distilled. IIRC, it gets freeze-distilled to concentrate ਀琀栀攀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 眀愀琀攀爀攀搀 搀漀眀渀⸀ഊ ਀䘀漀爀 愀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 搀椀猀猀漀氀瘀攀 ㈀ 氀戀猀 漀昀 猀甀最愀爀 椀渀 愀 栀愀氀昀 最愀氀氀漀渀ഊof water and pour this over a couple of pounds of crushed grapes, add ਀眀愀琀攀爀 琀漀 愀 昀甀氀氀 最愀氀氀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀漀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀 ⠀瀀椀琀挀栀椀渀最 礀攀愀猀琀 椀昀 礀漀甀ഊdon't like it wild). Rack off the fruit in a few days, and make wine as ਀甀猀甀愀氀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 椀琀 栀愀猀 昀愀氀氀攀渀 挀氀攀愀爀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 瀀漀瀀 琀栀攀 最愀氀氀漀渀 椀渀 礀漀甀爀 昀爀攀攀稀攀爀ഊand in two days pour out the liquid. Note: in the US, this freezer step ਀椀猀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 椀氀氀攀最愀氀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䈀䄀吀䘀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀ ⴀ最攀漀爀最ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 17 Oct 1999 12:24:09 EDT ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䰀爀搀刀愀猀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Looking for Grappa info and recipe ਀ഊthegeorg at servtech.com writes: ਀㰀㰀 吀栀攀渀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀ഊ second press, and sometimes water is added to "rinse" the left over ਀ 戀椀琀猀⸀ 匀甀最愀爀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀琀攀渀 愀搀搀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 爀甀渀⸀ 吀栀攀渀 椀琀 椀猀 愀氀氀漀眀攀搀ഊ to ferment as usual. >> ਀ഊNot according to the business rep for the product. Grappa is specifically ਀洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀欀椀渀猀 愀渀搀 氀攀昀琀漀瘀攀爀猀 昀爀漀洀 瀀爀攀猀猀椀渀最⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 愀氀氀漀眀攀搀 琀漀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀ഊthen distilled. Second pressing juice is sometimes used to produce brandies ਀漀爀 挀栀攀愀瀀 琀愀戀氀攀 眀椀渀攀 戀甀琀Ⰰ 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 洀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 渀攀瘀攀爀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 爀攀愀氀ഊGrappa. The minimal amount of alcohol produced by the pressing leftovers ਀愀挀挀漀甀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 椀琀✀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀椀挀攀⸀ഊ ਀刀愀猀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Fri, 22 Oct 1999 19:00:15 -0500From: "Mark.S Harris" Subject: SC - Period distilling infoI ran across an interesting chapter on period distillation of wine. If theauthor's hypothesises are correct, then the distillation of wine can betraced back to classical times and not just the 12C AD.This chapter is "Water of Life: its Beginnings and Early History" on page142 in "Liquid Nourishment" of the Food and Society series, edited byC. Anne Wilson. This chapter is also by C. Anne Wilson. Edinburgh UniversityPress, 1993. ISBN 0 7486 0424 3.She details how the distilled wines date from the Gnostic Christians whoused itin a religious ceremony, a baptisim of fire. This distilled wine havinga percentage of alcohol of 35 percent could be doused on a converts headand ignited without burning the convert. From them it was spread throughEurope by the Cathars. When the Cathars were killed off by the Catholicchurch the recipes fell into the hands of the monks. The church and theMonastary leaders denounced the creation of alcohol and tried to stamp itout. However, after realizing that if the spirits were distilled usingthe better methods of distilling it would be too flammable to be used in theheretical baptisim of the head and allowed to be made.While she makes some hypothesises that seem a bit of a jump, her theoriesdo explain some things in my opinion. I would encourage those studyingperiod distilling to take a look at this article.Lord Stefan li Rousstefan at texas.net ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㔀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㈀　㨀㈀㘀㨀㐀㔀 ⴀ　㘀　　ഊFrom: Jenn/Yana ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 渀攀眀 戀漀漀欀猀 愀爀爀椀瘀攀搀ഊ ਀㸀伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀漀欀猀 䤀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 䐀漀洀漀猀琀爀漀椀⸀  䴀礀 洀攀洀漀爀礀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀琀 椀琀猀 戀攀猀琀ഊ>right now, but IIRC we had a discussion on vodka recently and determined ਀㸀琀栀愀琀 椀琀 瀀爀漀氀氀礀 眀愀猀渀✀琀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  一愀礀 渀愀礀 洀漀漀猀攀戀爀攀愀琀栀℀  䐀漀洀漀猀琀爀漀椀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀攀猀ഊ>distillation of vodka as well as mead, although not in the depth I would ਀㸀氀椀欀攀⸀  䄀猀 䐀漀洀漀猀琀爀漀椀 椀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀 氀愀挀欀 漀昀 搀攀瀀琀栀 椀洀瀀氀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀渀礀ഊ>good Russian wife would already know the mechanics of making vodka, I'm ਀㸀椀渀挀氀椀渀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 椀琀 琀爀愀挀攀猀 戀愀挀欀 眀攀氀氀 椀渀琀漀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 䤀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 夀䔀吀ഊ>prove it with any certainty. ਀㸀ഊ>reading on, Puck ਀ഊIn the Pouncy translation, she does indeed refer to distilled spirits ਀⠀眀栀椀挀栀 猀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀猀 愀猀 ∀瘀漀搀欀愀∀⤀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 琀攀爀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀ഊused is very vague (it simply means "spirits"). The actual Russian word in ਀琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 椀猀 㰀瘀椀渀渀礀椀㸀⸀  䤀 琀愀氀欀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 洀礀 挀漀洀爀愀搀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 匀氀愀瘀椀挀ഊDiscussion list about this not too long ago and here is what one had to say. ਀ഊ>, as you suspect, cannot refer to vodka, at least not in period. From ਀㸀愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 ⠀眀椀琀栀 愀 最漀漀搀 猀甀爀瘀攀礀 漀昀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⤀ 䤀ഊ>remember the comment that vodka, and other distilled spirits, did not make ਀㸀琀栀攀椀爀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀愀渀挀攀 椀渀 刀甀猀猀椀愀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 堀嘀䤀䤀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 搀椀搀Ⰰഊ>distillation and sale were strictly regulated by the crown (hear: state ਀㸀洀漀渀漀瀀漀氀礀⤀⸀ഊ>Predslava ਀ഊThe secondary source that Predslava mentions above is Bread and Salt by ਀刀⸀䔀⸀䘀⸀ 匀洀椀琀栀⸀ 䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 匀洀椀琀栀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀 瘀漀搀欀愀 眀愀猀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 愀猀ഊearly as the 14th century, but that probably vodka did not appear until the ਀㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 眀愀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 戀礀ഊthe West. The Domostroi mention of distilled spirits may even be a later ਀愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 愀氀氀 眀攀 欀渀漀眀⸀  䤀昀 瘀漀搀欀愀ⴀ洀愀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀ഊcontrolled by the state, why would the conservatively-minded author of the ਀䐀漀洀漀猀琀爀漀椀 猀愀礀 琀栀愀琀 愀 眀漀洀愀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 欀渀漀眀 栀漀眀 琀漀 搀漀 猀甀挀栀 甀渀氀愀眀昀甀氀 琀栀椀渀最猀㼀ഊ ਀夀愀渀愀 ⠀䤀氀礀愀渀愀 䈀愀爀猀漀瘀愀⤀  樀搀洀椀氀氀攀爀㈀ 愀琀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀⸀眀椀猀挀⸀攀搀甀ഊ http://www.sit.wisc.edu/~jdmiller2 ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ ㄀㘀 一漀瘀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 　㄀㨀㄀㔀㨀㄀㤀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: Philip & Susan Troy ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 渀攀眀 戀漀漀欀猀 愀爀爀椀瘀攀搀ഊ ਀䨀攀渀渀⼀夀愀渀愀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> >One of the books I received was the Domostroi. My memory is not at its best ਀㸀 㸀爀椀最栀琀 渀漀眀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀䤀刀䌀 眀攀 栀愀搀 愀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀 漀渀 瘀漀搀欀愀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 愀渀搀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀ഊ> >that it prolly wasn't period. Nay nay moosebreath! Domostroi discusses ਀㸀 㸀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀漀搀欀愀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 洀攀愀搀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 渀漀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀瀀琀栀 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀ഊ> >like. As Domostroi is period, and as the lack of depth implies that any ਀㸀 㸀最漀漀搀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 眀椀昀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 欀渀漀眀 琀栀攀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀 漀昀 洀愀欀椀渀最 瘀漀搀欀愀Ⰰ 䤀✀洀ഊ> >inclined to believe it traces back well into period, though I cannot YET ਀㸀 㸀瀀爀漀瘀攀 椀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀礀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀琀礀⸀ഊ> > ਀㸀 㸀爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀渀Ⰰ 倀甀挀欀ഊ> ਀㸀 䤀渀 琀栀攀 倀漀甀渀挀礀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀栀攀 搀漀攀猀 椀渀搀攀攀搀 爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀ഊ> (which she translates as "vodka"), but the Russian term which is originally ਀㸀 甀猀攀搀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 瘀愀最甀攀 ⠀椀琀 猀椀洀瀀氀礀 洀攀愀渀猀 ∀猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀∀⤀⸀  吀栀攀 愀挀琀甀愀氀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 眀漀爀搀 椀渀ഊ> the original is . ਀ഊIf I remember correctly (A. cackles insanely at the inherent ਀甀渀氀椀欀攀氀椀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 椀琀 愀氀氀⤀ 琀栀攀 瘀漀搀欀愀 猀瀀漀欀攀渀 漀昀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䐀漀洀攀猀琀爀漀椀 爀攀昀攀爀猀 琀漀 愀ഊmead distillate. The concept of vodka as we know it, presumably a grain ਀愀渀搀⼀漀爀 瀀漀琀愀琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀Ⰰ 椀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 渀攀眀攀爀⸀ 䤀 愀猀猀甀洀攀 瘀椀渀渀礀椀 戀愀猀椀挀愀氀氀礀ഊmeans "booze", although pretty clearly a reference to wine and similar products. ਀ഊ> I talked with my comrades on the Slavic ਀㸀 䐀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀 氀椀猀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀椀猀 渀漀琀 琀漀漀 氀漀渀最 愀最漀 愀渀搀 栀攀爀攀 椀猀 眀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 栀愀搀 琀漀 猀愀礀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 㸀㰀瘀椀渀渀礀椀㸀Ⰰ 愀猀 礀漀甀 猀甀猀瀀攀挀琀Ⰰ 挀愀渀渀漀琀 爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 瘀漀搀欀愀Ⰰ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 渀漀琀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀ഊ> >another secondary source (with a good survey of primary sources, etc) I ਀㸀 㸀爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 瘀漀搀欀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀Ⰰ 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 洀愀欀攀ഊ> >their appearance in Russia before the XVII century, and when it did, ਀㸀 㸀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀愀氀攀 眀攀爀攀 猀琀爀椀挀琀氀礀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 挀爀漀眀渀 ⠀栀攀愀爀㨀 猀琀愀琀攀ഊ> >monopoly). ਀㸀 㸀倀爀攀搀猀氀愀瘀愀ഊ> ਀㸀 吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 倀爀攀搀猀氀愀瘀愀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 愀戀漀瘀攀 椀猀 䈀爀攀愀搀 愀渀搀 匀愀氀琀 戀礀ഊ> R.E.F. Smith. According to Smith, some believe that vodka was introduced as ਀㸀 攀愀爀氀礀 愀猀 琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 瘀漀搀欀愀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀ഊ> 16th century and that the distillation process was probably introduced by ਀㸀 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀⸀  吀栀攀 䐀漀洀漀猀琀爀漀椀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 洀愀礀 攀瘀攀渀 戀攀 愀 氀愀琀攀爀ഊ> addition, for all we know. If vodka-making and distribution was ਀㸀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ 眀栀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀ⴀ洀椀渀搀攀搀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊ> Domostroi say that a woman should know how to do such unlawful things? ਀ഊParticularly when so much of the rest of the text is devoted to the care ਀漀昀 栀攀爀 猀漀甀氀㼀ഊ ਀䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 24 Jan 2000 17:37:05 -0800 (PST) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 吀攀爀爀椀 匀瀀攀渀挀攀爀 㰀琀愀爀愀挀漀漀欀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: SC - Origanum ਀ഊAnd before Ras asks, here's the recipe: ਀ഊFrom Gervase Markham's 1615 _The English Housewife_: ਀ഊTo make Doctor Stevens' water ਀吀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀漀瘀攀爀攀椀最渀 眀愀琀攀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀攀搀 戀礀 䐀漀挀琀漀爀ഊStevens, in the same form as he delivered the receipt to the Archbishop ਀漀昀 䌀愀渀琀攀爀戀甀爀礀Ⰰ 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀愀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀椀搀 搀漀挀琀漀爀㨀 琀愀欀攀 愀ഊgallon of good Gascon wine, then take ginger, galingale, cinnamon, ਀渀甀琀洀攀最猀Ⰰ 最爀愀椀渀猀Ⰰ 挀氀漀瘀攀猀 戀爀甀椀猀攀搀Ⰰ 昀攀渀渀攀氀 猀攀攀搀猀Ⰰ 挀愀爀愀眀愀礀 猀攀攀搀猀Ⰰ 漀爀椀最愀渀甀洀Ⰰഊof every of them a like quantity, that is to say a dram; then take ਀猀愀最攀Ⰰ 眀椀氀搀 洀愀爀樀漀爀愀洀Ⰰ 瀀攀渀渀礀爀漀礀愀氀Ⰰ 洀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 爀攀搀 爀漀猀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀礀洀攀Ⰰ 瀀攀氀氀椀琀漀爀礀Ⰰഊrosemary, wild thyme, camomile, lavender, of each of them a handful, ਀琀栀攀渀 戀爀愀礀 琀栀攀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀 猀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀爀甀椀猀攀 琀栀攀 栀攀爀戀猀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 愀氀氀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀ഊwine, and let it stand so twelve hours, only stir it divers times; then ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀 椀琀 戀礀 愀 氀椀洀戀攀挀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 眀愀琀攀爀 戀礀 椀琀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀ഊthe best, then keep the second water for that is good, and for the last ਀渀攀最氀攀挀琀 椀琀 渀漀琀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 椀琀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 眀栀漀氀攀猀漀洀攀 琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀攀攀⸀ഊ Now for the virtue of this water it is this, it comforteth the spirits ਀愀渀搀 瘀椀琀愀氀 瀀愀爀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀氀瀀攀琀栀 愀氀氀 椀渀眀愀爀搀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀洀攀琀栀 漀昀 挀漀氀搀Ⰰഊit is good against the shaking of the palsy, and cureth the contraction ਀漀昀 猀椀渀攀眀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀氀瀀攀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 眀漀洀攀渀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀 戀愀爀爀攀渀㬀 椀琀ഊkilleth the worms in the body, it cureth the cold cough, it helpeth the ਀琀漀漀琀栀愀挀栀攀Ⰰ 椀琀 挀漀洀昀漀爀琀攀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀洀愀挀栀 愀渀搀 挀甀爀攀琀栀 琀栀攀 漀氀搀 搀爀漀瀀猀礀Ⰰ 椀琀ഊhelpeth the stone in the bladder and in the reins, it helpeth a ਀猀琀椀渀欀椀渀最 戀爀攀愀琀栀㬀 愀渀搀 眀栀漀猀漀攀瘀攀爀 甀猀攀猀 琀栀椀猀 眀愀琀攀爀 洀漀搀攀爀愀琀攀氀礀 愀渀搀 渀漀琀 琀漀漀ഊoften, preserveth him in good liking, and will make him seem young in ਀漀氀搀 愀最攀⸀  ഊ ਀圀栀漀 挀漀甀氀搀 爀攀猀椀猀琀 猀甀挀栀 愀 洀椀爀愀挀氀攀 瀀漀琀椀漀渀㼀ഊ ਀吀愀爀愀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 25 Jan 2000 10:37:59 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䨀攀昀昀 䜀攀搀渀攀礀∀ 㰀䨀䜀攀搀渀攀礀 愀琀 搀椀挀琀愀瀀栀漀渀攀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Distilling (Was Origanum) ਀ഊ> > but I wouldn't put it past the ਀㸀 㸀  最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 挀栀愀渀最攀 椀琀✀猀 洀椀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㈀　 猀漀洀攀 漀搀搀 礀攀愀爀猀 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 洀攀洀漀爀礀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 䄀猀 琀漀 栀漀洀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 搀椀搀⸀⸀⸀ 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 刀攀愀最愀渀 礀攀愀爀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䌀愀爀琀攀爀 ഊ> administration opened up home distilling for alternative fuel. ਀ ഊ> The two hundred gallons you're thinking of are mead, beer or wine, as in ਀㸀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀⸀ 圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 䈀䄀吀䘀 眀漀渀✀琀 最漀 漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 眀愀礀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 礀漀甀 椀昀 ഊ> you ARE distilling, it's usually not advisable. For reference ... the one ਀㸀 挀愀猀攀 䤀 欀渀漀眀 漀昀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀礀 搀椀搀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀攀渀攀 椀琀 眀愀猀 愀渀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 眀栀漀 眀愀猀 ഊ> distilling and selling at events. They made a polite visit and essentially ਀㸀 猀愀椀搀 ∀圀攀 欀渀漀眀 礀漀甀✀爀攀 搀漀椀渀最 椀琀Ⰰ 愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀洀攀渀琀 眀攀 挀愀渀✀琀 昀椀最甀爀攀 漀甀琀 䠀伀圀 礀漀甀✀爀攀 ഊ> doing it ... but if you keep doing it we will." He took the hint. ਀ഊCorrect in several particulars. ਀吀栀攀 猀琀椀氀氀 瀀氀愀渀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀琀 愀爀攀 漀昀 琀眀漀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀椀攀猀㨀ഊWater purification and Fuel production ਀ഊWater may be distilled at will. ਀䘀甀攀猀氀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 洀愀礀 戀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 挀椀爀挀甀洀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 䈀唀吀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 ഊmust be rigourously accounted for, and "denatured" with an approved chemical ਀琀漀 爀攀渀搀攀爀 椀琀 甀渀昀椀琀 昀漀爀 搀爀椀渀欀椀渀最⸀ഊNo "Home Distillilation" of potable alcohol of any sort is permitted in the USA. ਀倀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ ഊNot even "Freeze separation". ਀䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 刀攀挀椀瀀攀 椀渀 䐀椀最戀礀 开䴀䤀䜀䠀吀开 戀攀 爀攀瀀漀搀甀挀愀戀氀攀 戀礀 洀椀砀椀渀最 琀栀攀 栀攀爀戀攀猀 椀渀 ഊBRANDY filtering that off. ਀ഊhere is a notion that I just thought of: ਀䤀氀氀攀最愀氀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 爀漀甀最栀氀礀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 愀猀 开椀渀琀攀渀猀椀昀礀椀渀最开 琀栀攀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 漀爀 眀椀琀栀 琀愀砀攀猀 漀眀椀渀最⸀ഊIt is unknown to me if it is illegal to re-distill a beverage which has already ਀戀攀攀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀氀氀 吀愀砀攀猀 瀀愀椀搀⸀  倀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀猀欀攀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀䄀吀䘀㼀⸀ ഊIf the spiced brandy is then distilled, the result might be legal and a close ਀愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀ഊ ਀㸀 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 戀爀攀眀椀渀最 氀椀猀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 戀琀眀⸀⸀⸀⸀ 猀漀 䤀 愀瀀漀氀漀最椀稀攀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀戀漀搀礀✀猀 ഊ> bandwidth being wasted. ਀ഊThere is a list which is basically designed around the premise of legally finding a way to replicate or duplicate period distilled beverages. ਀   猀挀愀ⴀ搀椀猀琀㈀ 愀琀 漀渀攀氀椀猀琀⸀挀漀洀ഊ ਀戀爀愀渀搀甀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 29 Feb 2000 10:41:40 -0600 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 搀愀瘀椀搀 昀爀椀攀搀洀愀渀 㰀搀搀昀爀 愀琀 戀攀猀琀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Islamic alchohol? ਀ഊAt 9:06 AM -0500 2/29/00, Jeff Gedney wrote: ਀㸀吀栀攀 渀漀戀氀攀 䌀愀爀椀愀搀漀挀 栀愀琀栀 眀爀椀琀㨀ഊ> > So far as recipes are concerned, the nearest thing I know of is the ਀㸀  㸀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀漀眀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀爀爀愀挀欀 ⠀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 氀椀焀甀漀爀 昀爀漀洀 猀甀最愀爀 挀愀渀攀⤀ഊ> > in the _Ain I Akbari_. ਀㸀䠀洀洀洀洀Ⰰഊ>From the juice of the sugar cane... ਀㸀吀栀椀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀渀 䄀爀愀戀椀愀渀 ∀爀甀洀∀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀㼀 圀栀愀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀ഊ>I would be very interested. This would be good to bring onto the ਀㸀匀䌀䄀ⴀ䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 氀椀猀琀ഊ>Have you put the recipe in the Miscellany? ਀ഊMughal, not Arabic. The date is Akbar's reign, I think late in the ਀㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 最漀渀攀 戀愀挀欀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀挀欀攀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀攀 瀀愀猀猀愀最攀 猀愀礀猀 ഊanything implying that Muslims were making or drinking it--there were ਀氀漀琀猀 漀昀 䠀椀渀搀甀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀猀 愀渀搀 䨀攀眀猀Ⰰ 椀渀 䴀甀最栀愀氀 䤀渀搀椀愀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀猀挀攀氀氀愀渀礀⸀ 䘀漀爀 漀渀攀 琀栀椀渀最Ⰰ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 琀爀椀攀搀 搀漀椀渀最 椀琀⸀ഊ ਀䐀愀瘀椀搀 䘀爀椀攀搀洀愀渀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 18:32:38 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䤀愀渀 䜀漀甀爀搀漀渀 㰀愀最椀渀挀漀爀琀 愀琀 爀愀攀砀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: SC - Re: aqua vitae ਀ഊJeff Gedney wrote: ਀㸀 䘀漀爀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀 䤀✀搀 甀猀攀 愀 最漀漀搀 甀渀昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 ㄀　　 瀀爀漀漀昀 瘀漀搀欀愀⸀ഊ> While many period "aquavitae" recipes are wine based, that is not ਀㸀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 琀栀攀 搀攀昀椀渀椀渀最 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀爀洀 ∀䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀∀ 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀ഊ> to have been applied to any ardent distilled alchohol. ਀㸀 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 瀀氀攀渀琀礀 漀昀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 䜀爀愀椀渀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀✀猀 椀渀 氀愀琀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 椀猀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 最漀漀搀ഊdocumention seems to be on the side of Brandy, with mention ਀漀昀 椀琀 最漀椀渀最 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䌀栀愀爀氀攀洀愀椀渀攀 攀爀愀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 匀挀漀琀挀栀 椀渀ഊsome form gets mentioned later on. While aqua vitae passes ਀昀漀爀 愀氀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瘀漀搀欀愀 最攀琀猀 琀栀攀 猀栀漀爀琀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀椀挀欀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀椀渀最ഊno mention by that name until the early 19th Century, ਀愀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 愀渀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 䤀✀瘀攀 昀漀甀渀搀⸀ 一漀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 眀愀猀渀✀琀ഊthere, but that no one seems to specify that name for either ਀最爀愀椀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 最漀搀ⴀ栀攀氀瀀ⴀ甀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀琀愀琀漀攀猀 ⠀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀 瀀漀猀琀ഊperiod in that form); which suggests that users of Vodka for ਀愀渀礀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀戀氀礀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 愀琀 愀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 ⴀ 氀椀欀攀ഊcordial are using simple imagination for docs. Quotable ਀挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 猀甀最最攀猀琀 䈀爀愀渀搀礀⸀ 䴀礀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 猀甀最最攀猀琀猀ഊthat your taste buds are going to like Brandy, too. I've ਀樀甀搀最攀搀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀猀 焀甀椀琀攀 愀 昀攀眀 琀椀洀攀猀 愀琀 䄀☀匀 昀愀椀爀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊMidrealm, and it always bites me a little when some body ਀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 䈀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 最漀攀猀 愀栀攀愀搀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀漀爀琀 漀昀 嘀漀椀氀愀℀Ⰰഊand uses Vodka. Why? ਀ഊFWIW: a few quotes from ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀攀戀⸀爀愀攀砀⸀挀漀洀⼀縀愀最椀渀挀漀爀琀⼀䌀漀爀搀椀愀氀ⴀ刀⸀栀琀洀氀㨀ഊ "Brandy is distilled from wine, any wine. What we normally ਀挀愀氀氀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 椀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 最爀愀瀀攀 眀椀渀攀⸀  伀琀栀攀爀 昀爀甀椀琀ഊbrandies are distilled from fruit wine or fermented juices, ਀瀀攀愀挀栀 戀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰ 戀氀愀挀欀 戀攀爀爀礀 戀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰ 欀椀爀挀栀眀愀猀猀攀爀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀ഊDistillation has long been used to separate liquids and a ਀猀椀洀瀀氀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 愀 㐀　 瀀爀漀漀昀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀⸀ഊThe distillation process was improved around 800 C.E. by ਀䨀愀戀椀爀 椀戀渀 䠀愀礀礀愀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 眀愀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 椀渀ഊapproximately 1300 C.E. at the Montpellier medical school by ਀䄀爀渀愀氀搀甀猀 搀攀 嘀椀氀氀愀 一漀瘀愀Ⰰ 愀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀⸀ ഊDates are courtesy of The Food Chronology and the MS ਀䔀渀挀礀挀氀漀瀀攀搀椀愀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 攀砀愀挀琀氀礀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀攀砀琀⸀∀  ⴀ 䈀攀愀爀 ഊ ਀ ∀⸀⸀⸀ 椀渀 䌀甀爀礀攀 漀渀 䤀渀最氀礀猀挀栀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 䠀椀攀愀琀琀 挀愀氀氀猀 ✀䜀漀甀搀ഊKokery', there is a 14th century recipe for distilling aqua ਀瘀椀琀攀 昀爀漀洀 猀琀爀漀渀最 眀椀渀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀ഊwould fairly obviously be a brandy." ਀ഊ"Distilled beverages may date as far back as 800 BC in China ਀眀椀琀栀 愀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀攀 漀昀 匀愀欀攀⸀ 䤀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 欀渀漀眀渀ഊby at least the eleventh or twelfth century." ਀ⴀ ⴀ匀椀洀漀渀Ⰰ 圀椀渀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 圀漀爀氀搀⸀ 瀀㌀㔀㄀⸀ ഊ ਀∀吀栀攀 一漀爀洀愀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 昀漀甀渀搀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 最爀愀椀渀 昀椀爀洀氀礀ഊestablished in the form of a drink called uisge beatha ਀⠀眀栀椀猀欀礀⤀ 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 椀渀瘀愀搀攀搀 䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀眀攀氀昀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀∀ഊ- -Ray, The Complete Bool of Spirits and Liqueurs. p 11. ਀ഊ"The Romans found apples in abundance as they made their ਀挀漀渀焀甀攀猀琀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䜀愀甀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀猀 攀愀爀氀礀 愀猀 琀栀攀 渀椀渀攀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀ഊhad laws regulating the production of cider. The first ਀眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀渀 攀愀甀ⴀ搀攀ⴀ瘀椀攀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 ✀匀礀搀攀爀✀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰഊwas not until 1553 when it was mentioned in the journal of a ਀一漀爀洀愀渀 昀愀爀洀攀爀⸀ 䄀爀渀漀氀搀 搀攀 嘀椀氀愀 一漀瘀愀Ⰰ 愀 ㄀㌀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀ഊalchemist, wrote of aqua vitae and its ਀爀攀猀琀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 漀昀ഊvarious flavored alcohols. Legal documents dating to 1411 ਀洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀 椀渀琀漀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䄀爀洀愀最渀愀挀ഊregion of France." ਀ⴀ ⴀ䠀愀渀渀甀洀Ⰰ 䈀爀愀渀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 䰀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 圀漀爀氀搀⸀ 瀀 㔀⸀ ഊ ਀∀䐀愀猀 䈀甀挀栀 稀甀 䐀攀猀琀椀氀氀椀攀爀渀 戀礀 䠀椀攀爀漀渀礀洀甀猀 䈀爀愀甀渀猀眀攀椀最 眀愀猀ഊprinted in 1519. This book, as its title explains, is a book ਀漀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀攀砀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀猀ഊinthe book which show the operations, including one of a ਀猀琀椀氀氀 眀椀琀栀 㐀 愀氀攀洀戀椀挀猀 ⠀爀攀琀漀爀琀猀⤀⸀∀ ഊ- - "Alcohol," and "Alcoholic Beverages," Encyclopaedia ਀䈀爀椀琀琀愀渀椀挀愀⸀ ഊ ਀∀嘀漀搀欀愀 ഊ<< how early is the word Vodka? >> ਀瘀漀搀⨀欀愀 ⠀渀漀甀渀⤀ ഊ[Russian, from voda water; akin to Old English waeter water] ਀䘀椀爀猀琀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀攀搀 挀椀爀挀愀 ㄀㠀　㌀∀ ⴀ 刀愀猀 ഊ- -- ਀䤀愀渀 䜀漀甀爀搀漀渀 漀昀 䜀氀攀渀 䄀眀攀Ⰰ 伀倀ഊKnown as a forester of the Greenwood, Midrealm ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ 㘀 䴀愀爀 ㈀　　　 ㄀㠀㨀㐀㈀㨀　㘀 ⴀ　㠀　　 ⠀倀匀吀⤀䘀爀漀洀㨀 吀攀爀爀椀 匀瀀攀渀挀攀爀 㰀琀愀爀愀挀漀漀欀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀攀㨀 䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀䄀渀愀栀椀琀愀 愀氀ⴀ猀栀愀稀栀椀礀礀愀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀㸀䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀✀猀 愀 氀椀焀甀漀爀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀 ⠀猀瀀⤀ 昀爀漀洀 匀眀攀搀攀渀⸀ 䤀猀 琀栀椀猀 㸀猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 椀猀 椀琀 愀渀椀猀攀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 漀爀 樀甀猀琀 愀 猀漀爀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瘀漀搀欀愀 㸀戀礀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 渀愀洀攀㼀䠀洀洀 ⴀ 猀漀甀渀搀猀 氀椀欀攀 椀琀✀猀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 最漀琀 愀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 猀琀爀漀渀最 昀氀愀瘀漀爀㨀 ∀䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀 ⠀㄀㠀㤀　⤀嬀匀眀攀搀椀猀栀 愀渀搀 䐀愀渀椀猀栀 愀欀瘀愀瘀椀琀Ⰰ 一漀爀眀攀最椀愀渀 愀欀攀瘀椀琀琀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䰀愀琀椀渀愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀Ⰰ ∀眀愀琀攀爀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀∀Ⰰ 愀氀猀漀 猀瀀攀氀氀攀搀 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀欀瘀愀瘀椀琀Ⰰ 愀氀猀漀挀愀氀氀攀搀 猀渀愀瀀猀 椀渀 䐀攀渀洀愀爀欀⸀崀䄀 匀挀愀渀搀椀渀愀瘀椀愀渀 昀氀愀瘀漀甀爀攀搀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 氀椀焀甀漀爀Ⰰ 爀愀渀最椀渀最 椀渀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀昀爀漀洀 愀戀漀甀琀 㐀㈀ 琀漀 㐀㔀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 戀礀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀Ⰰ 挀氀攀愀爀 琀漀 瀀愀氀攀 礀攀氀氀漀眀 椀渀 挀漀氀漀甀爀Ⰰ搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀攀搀 瀀漀琀愀琀漀 漀爀 最爀愀椀渀 洀愀猀栀Ⰰ 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 挀愀爀愀眀愀礀猀攀攀搀猀 漀爀 挀甀洀椀渀 猀攀攀搀Ⰰ 漀琀栀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 愀爀攀 氀攀洀漀渀 漀爀 漀爀愀渀最攀 瀀攀攀氀Ⰰ挀愀爀搀愀洀漀洀Ⰰ 愀渀椀猀攀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀攀渀渀攀氀⸀ 䰀椀焀甀漀爀 眀愀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 琀漀 一漀爀眀愀礀 昀爀漀洀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 猀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀　　猀⸀ 吀栀攀渀愀洀攀 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 漀昀 一漀爀搀椀挀 漀爀椀最椀渀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀琀 栀愀猀 愀焀甀椀爀攀搀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀瀀氀愀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 一漀爀眀攀最椀愀渀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 匀挀愀渀搀椀渀愀瘀椀愀渀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀猀⸀吀漀搀愀礀Ⰰ 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀 椀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 愀猀 琀栀攀 一漀爀眀攀最椀愀渀 氀椀焀甀漀爀 愀渀搀 栀漀氀搀猀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀瀀氀愀挀攀 愀洀漀渀最 氀椀焀甀漀爀 氀漀瘀攀爀猀 愀氀氀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀⸀∀䘀爀漀洀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀挀礀戀攀爀挀氀椀瀀⸀挀漀洀⼀䬀愀琀爀椀渀攀⼀一漀爀眀愀礀䤀渀昀漀⼀䴀愀琀⼀夀攀琀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 甀渀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀戀攀昀漀爀攀 ㄀㘀　　⸀  䄀渀搀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 戀攀氀漀眀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 眀愀礀⸀  ∀䤀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䔀愀猀琀 琀栀攀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀猀 䜀攀戀攀爀 ⠀㠀琀栀 挀攀渀琀⸀⤀ 愀渀搀 刀栀愀稀攀猀 ⠀㄀　琀栀挀攀渀琀⸀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀搀 椀琀 琀漀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀攀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀渀 琀愀欀攀渀 愀猀 愀渀 愀渀愀攀猀琀栀攀琀椀挀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀攀 ㄀　琀栀挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 椀渀 匀瀀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 䄀爀愀戀 猀甀爀最攀漀渀 䄀戀甀氀挀愀猀椀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 甀猀椀渀最 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 愀猀 愀 猀漀氀瘀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 搀爀甀最猀⸀䘀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 ㄀㈀琀栀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀 愀氀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀猀 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 戀攀最愀渀攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀愀渀礀 椀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀猀 眀攀爀攀猀琀椀氀氀 洀漀猀琀氀礀 最椀瘀攀渀 愀猀 椀渀昀甀猀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 搀攀挀漀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 猀椀渀最氀攀 栀攀爀戀猀⸀ 䄀爀愀戀椀挀眀爀椀琀椀渀最猀 愀渀搀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 匀瀀愀椀渀 戀攀最愀渀 琀漀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀 猀挀栀漀漀氀猀漀昀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀 椀渀 䤀琀愀氀礀 愀渀搀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀⸀ 吀眀漀 挀漀渀琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀爀礀 ㄀㌀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 匀瀀愀渀椀猀栀愀氀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀猀Ⰰ 䄀爀渀漀氀搀 漀昀 嘀椀氀氀愀渀漀瘀愀 愀渀搀 刀愀礀洀漀渀搀 䰀甀氀氀礀Ⰰ 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 眀椀渀攀猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀礀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 ⠀眀愀琀攀爀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀⤀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀 猀漀氀瘀攀渀琀椀渀琀漀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 氀愀琀攀爀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 欀渀漀眀渀 愀猀 戀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰ 猀栀漀爀琀攀渀攀搀昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䐀甀琀挀栀 琀攀爀洀 昀漀爀 ∀戀甀爀渀琀 眀椀渀攀⸀∀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀䈀氀愀挀欀 䐀攀愀琀栀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 戀攀最愀渀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 愀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀 戀礀 椀琀猀攀氀昀⸀ 䤀琀 眀愀猀琀栀漀甀最栀琀 漀昀 愀猀 愀 瀀漀氀礀挀爀攀猀琀Ⰰ 愀 爀攀洀攀搀礀 漀昀 洀愀渀礀 瘀椀爀琀甀攀猀⸀ 䈀礀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 栀愀搀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 愀猀 愀 爀攀挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀⸀∀ 圀椀琀栀 猀漀 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀椀搀戀椀琀猀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 礀漀甀✀搀 琀栀椀渀欀 眀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 昀椀渀搀搀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀瘀攀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 漀甀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 昀漀爀洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 攀渀琀攀爀琀愀椀渀洀攀渀琀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀⸀  匀椀最栀⸀⸀⸀吀愀爀愀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 13:28:32 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䨀攀昀昀 䜀攀搀渀攀礀∀ 㰀䨀䜀攀搀渀攀礀 愀琀 搀椀挀琀愀瀀栀漀渀攀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - question after recipe ਀ഊPreviously mentioned on this list, in the Islamic Alcohol thread ਀眀愀猀 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 爀椀挀攀⸀ 匀漀甀爀挀攀 眀愀猀 ∀琀栀攀 嘀漀礀愀最攀猀 愀渀搀 ഊWorks of of John Davis, Navigator (1604)". In context the useage ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀 椀洀瀀氀椀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀 洀攀愀渀琀 ∀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀爀搀攀渀琀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀 ഊbeverage", and was applied as a classification, and not an indication ਀漀昀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀⸀ഊ ਀䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀 洀攀愀渀猀 ∀眀愀琀攀爀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀∀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀漀爀攀 漀爀 氀攀猀猀 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀愀渀 ഊ"essence". The same term "water of life" is applied to the grain ਀戀愀猀攀搀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀 漀昀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀⸀ ഊ ਀䤀 猀栀愀氀氀 昀椀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 甀猀愀最攀⸀ 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀琀 琀栀攀洀 栀攀爀攀⸀ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 ഊalready marked several passages in Hakluyt's "Voyages" (1602, I believe) ਀昀漀爀 猀挀愀渀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀椀猀 甀猀愀最攀⸀  䤀 栀漀瀀攀 琀漀 搀漀 琀栀椀猀 ഊscanning this week, if I am feeling better. ਀ഊA couple right off my head: ਀  ഊExcerpt from the Exchequer Rolls of Scotland: ਀∀䔀椀最栀琀 戀漀氀氀猀 漀昀 洀愀氀琀 琀漀 䘀爀椀愀爀 䨀漀栀渀 䌀漀爀 眀栀攀爀攀眀椀琀栀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀∀ഊ(That is enough malt to make 300 gallons od product. this is clearly intended for beverage purposes) ਀ഊScottish laws in the 1500's, which address whiskey as a beverage, refer ਀挀漀渀猀椀猀琀渀攀琀氀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀挀攀 愀猀 䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀⸀ഊFor example: ਀㄀㔀㔀㔀Ⰰ 愀渀 愀挀琀 昀漀爀戀椀搀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 ∀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 瘀椀挀琀甀愀氀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 昀愀洀椀渀攀∀ഊmakes the following exception: ਀✀䤀琀 猀愀氀 戀攀 氀攀椀昀昀甀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 椀渀栀愀戀椀琀愀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀甀爀爀漀眀椀猀 漀昀 䄀椀爀Ⰰ 䤀爀瘀椀渀Ⰰ 䜀氀愀猀最漀眀Ⰰ ഊDumbertane and uthers our Soverane Ladys leigis dwell and at the ਀眀攀猀琀 猀攀琀椀猀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀愀欀椀渀 戀爀攀椀搀Ⰰ 戀爀漀眀椀渀 愀椀氀氀 愀渀搀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䤀氀椀猀 琀漀 ഊbertour with uther merchandice' ਀⠀∀䤀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 氀愀眀昀甀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 椀渀栀愀戀椀琀愀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀爀漀甀最栀猀 漀昀 䄀椀爀Ⰰ 䤀爀瘀椀渀Ⰰ 䜀氀愀猀最漀眀Ⰰ ഊDunbertane and others (where) our Soveriegn Lady leiges dwell and at ਀琀栀攀 眀攀猀琀 猀椀琀攀猀⠀㼀⤀ 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 戀愀欀椀渀最 漀昀 戀爀攀愀搀Ⰰ 戀爀漀眀渀 愀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀 ഊto the Isles to barter with other merchandise") ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ 㜀 䴀愀爀 ㈀　　　 　㔀㨀㈀㘀㨀㔀㄀ 䔀匀吀ഊFrom: CorwynWdwd at aol.com ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀攀㨀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀ഊ ਀䤀 漀昀琀攀渀 甀猀攀 瘀漀搀欀愀⸀ 䴀礀 爀攀愀猀漀渀椀渀最 椀猀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀琀 椀猀渀✀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀✀猀 挀栀攀攀瀀攀爀⸀ ഊUnderstand the limits of print and know that I'm not trying to be snippy or ਀愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 戀甀琀⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 甀猀攀 瘀漀搀欀愀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 䤀✀瘀攀 猀攀攀渀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀琀攀渀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 愀 昀爀攀猀栀氀礀 ഊdistilled spirit, not one that has been aged in wood or colored with ਀眀栀愀琀攀瘀攀爀⸀ 圀栀愀琀 挀愀洀攀 漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最 眀漀爀洀猀 椀渀 琀栀漀猀攀 猀琀椀氀氀 栀漀甀猀攀猀 眀愀猀 眀栀椀琀攀 ഊliquor. Since I come from a long line of people engaged in that sort of ਀戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䤀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀洀椀猀攀 礀漀甀 琀栀愀琀 洀甀挀栀⸀ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 䜀䰀䄀䐀 琀漀 甀猀攀 愀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 ഊdistilled from wine if someone could point out to me one that I could use ਀琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀渀✀琀 愀最攀搀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀漀爀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀最椀渀 眀椀琀栀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 攀砀挀甀猀攀 琀栀攀 戀漀氀搀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 洀礀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 瀀甀琀 洀攀 漀渀 琀漀 愀 最爀愀瀀攀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 ഊthat is white and I'll drop vodka like a hot potato (except for haroka). ਀ഊCorwyn ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ 㜀 䴀愀爀 ㈀　　　 　㔀㨀㐀㈀㨀㈀㠀 䔀匀吀ഊFrom: LadyPDC at aol.com ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀攀㨀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀ഊ ਀䨀甀猀琀 愀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 愀爀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 瘀漀搀欀愀㨀ഊ ਀匀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瘀漀搀欀愀✀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀漀搀愀礀✀猀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 ⠀渀漀琀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀猀琀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀⤀ 愀爀攀 愀渀搀 ഊalways have been made from grain not potatoes. Most notably the Ketel One ਀䈀爀愀渀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 ⠀猀椀渀挀攀 ㄀㘀㌀㠀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 戀攀最愀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 ㌀ ഊgenerations of brewmasters prior according to their history) been made from ਀眀栀攀愀琀⸀  䤀昀 琀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 渀漀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 戀爀愀渀搀 ഊof vodka used, would you still have the same objections to the use of vodka ਀椀渀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀猀㼀ഊ ਀䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 渀漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 ㌀ 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 ㄀㘀㌀㠀 眀漀甀氀搀 猀攀攀洀 琀漀 瀀甀琀 最爀愀椀渀 ഊvodka at least within late period but acknowledge that I could be mistaken in ਀琀栀椀猀 愀猀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀䌀漀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀 搀攀 䰀愀刀漀猀攀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 19:28:43 -0800 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䨀愀洀攀猀 䘀⸀ 䨀漀栀渀猀漀渀∀ 㰀猀攀甀洀愀猀 愀琀 洀椀渀搀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Rum? ਀ഊMordonna22 at aol.com wrote: ਀㸀 匀椀渀挀攀 爀甀洀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 猀甀最愀爀 挀愀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀甀最愀爀 眀愀猀 椀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀氀氀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀ഊ> period, (even if expensive in some times and places), is there any hint that ਀㸀 爀甀洀 眀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 琀椀洀攀猀㼀ഊ ਀刀甀洀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 洀漀氀愀猀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀甀最愀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊspecifically not until sugar production became cheap from sugar ਀瀀氀愀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀 䤀渀搀椀攀猀⸀ 一漀琀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 ㄀㜀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ 匀漀 爀甀洀 椀猀ഊnot in period, but there is arrack, a late period Moghul distillate made ਀昀爀漀洀 猀甀最愀爀 挀愀渀攀⸀ഊ ਀匀攀甀洀愀猀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 23:24:50 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䤀愀渀 䜀漀甀爀搀漀渀 㰀愀最椀渀挀漀爀琀 愀琀 爀愀攀砀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: SC - Re: cordials in history ਀ഊ> With so many of these tidbits out there, you'd think we could find ਀㸀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀瘀攀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 漀甀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 昀漀爀ഊ> medicinal and entertainment purposes. Sigh... ਀㸀 吀愀爀愀ഊ ਀吀栀漀猀攀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 椀昀 爀愀爀攀氀礀 猀琀甀搀椀攀搀㨀 愀 昀攀氀氀漀眀ഊGwyntarian Tunners Guild member has done some research in ਀琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀愀甀最栀琀 愀 挀氀愀猀猀 漀渀 椀琀 氀愀猀琀 倀攀渀渀猀椀挀⸀ 䌀漀渀琀愀挀琀ഊForeester Nigel FitzMaurice (Bruce Gordon) at ਀漀戀猀椀搀椀愀渀 愀琀 爀愀攀砀⸀挀漀洀 昀漀爀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀⸀ ഊA few excerpts: ਀∀愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 愀爀攀 琀爀愀渀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀洀漀渀ഊbooks dating from the late 14th century. ਀⸀⸀⸀ 愀氀氀 琀愀欀攀渀 昀爀漀洀 昀漀甀爀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀 ⠀䠀愀爀氀攀椀愀渀ഊ2378, the Johnstone Manuscript, Sloane 521, and Sloane ਀㈀㔀㠀㐀⤀⸀ 䔀愀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 眀漀爀欀猀 愀爀攀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀氀礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀ഊformularies describing a wide variety of medicinal ਀瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀椀渀最 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀 氀攀愀瘀攀猀 攀愀挀栀 戀漀琀栀 椀渀ഊLatin and Middle English. ... They were selected as clear ਀攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 眀愀礀 琀漀 戀攀挀漀洀椀渀最 氀椀焀甀攀爀猀⸀∀ഊ(various cautions follow, on translating Middle English, and ਀琀栀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 椀渀 瀀氀愀渀琀 渀愀洀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⤀ഊfrom #5: Harl. 2378 p.278 ਀琀爀愀渀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 ⠀眀栀椀挀栀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 䴀䔀 昀漀渀琀 昀漀爀⤀㨀∀䄀ഊprecious water to clear a mans sight and destroy the pain in ਀愀 洀愀渀猀 攀礀攀⸀ ⴀ 吀愀欀攀 爀攀搀 爀漀猀攀Ⰰ 眀漀漀搀ⴀ猀愀最攀 ⠀眀栀椀挀栀 猀漀洀攀 挀愀氀氀ഊcapillus vereris), fennel, ivy, vervain, eyebright, endive, ਀愀渀搀 戀攀琀漀渀礀㬀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 攀焀甀愀氀 愀洀漀甀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 椀渀 愀氀氀 㘀ഊhandfulls; and let them rest in wine a day and a night. The ਀猀攀挀漀渀搀 搀愀礀 猀琀椀氀氀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 愀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀漀爀㬀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 眀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀琀ഊyou produce shall be the color of gold, the next of silver, ਀琀栀攀 ㌀爀搀 漀昀 戀愀氀洀㬀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀攀挀椀漀甀猀 眀愀琀攀爀 洀愀礀 猀攀爀瘀攀 琀漀 氀愀搀椀攀猀ഊinstead of balm." ਀昀甀爀琀栀攀爀㨀 ∀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 瀀漀椀渀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀 猀栀愀氀氀 猀攀攀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀氀氀ഊthese recipes is that, for the most part, the part of the ਀瀀氀愀渀琀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀猀 渀漀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀攀 愀爀攀 氀攀昀琀 琀漀 最甀攀猀猀ഊwhether the root, the stalk, the seeds, or the flowers are ਀洀攀愀渀琀⸀∀ഊA more obvious one might be: ਀⌀㤀⸀ 䨀漀栀渀猀琀漀渀攀 䴀猀⸀ 倀⸀ ㈀㔀㠀⸀ ⠀瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 ㄀㐀　　ⴀ㄀㐀㔀　Ⰰ 愀猀 椀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀ഊlast entry) ਀吀爀愀渀猀㨀 ∀䘀漀爀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀攀⸀ ⴀ 吀愀欀攀 猀愀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀攀渀渀攀氀ⴀ爀漀琀攀猀ഊand persley-rotes and rosemaryne and tyme and lavender, each ਀椀渀 攀焀甀愀氀 愀洀漀甀渀琀猀⸀ 圀愀猀栀 琀栀攀洀 愀渀搀 搀爀礀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 最爀椀渀搀ഊthem a little in a mortar and add a little salt. Then put it ਀椀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀搀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀漀爀 愀渀搀 瀀漀甀爀 椀渀 眀椀渀攀 ⠀爀攀搀 漀爀ഊwhite), then place it in a pot of ashes over the furnace and ਀洀愀欀攀 愀 最攀渀琀氀攀 攀渀漀甀最栀 昀椀爀攀 甀渀搀攀爀渀攀愀琀栀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀ഊdistillator begins to drip, look that it drips no faster ਀琀栀愀渀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 猀愀礀 ∀漀渀攀ⴀ琀眀漀ⴀ琀栀爀攀攀∀ 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 搀爀漀瀀猀⸀ 䄀渀搀 猀漀ഊdistill it all together, then take the water that is ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀 愀最愀椀渀 椀昀 礀漀甀 氀椀欀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀愀欀攀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀ഊspoonful every day while fasting." ਀ഊI heartily urge you to consult with Nigel, as he has some ਀爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀渀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 猀攀攀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 愀渀礀眀栀攀爀攀ഊelse. Maybe he'll teach the class for this at Pennsic. ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ ഊIan Gourdon of Glen Awe, OP ਀䬀渀漀眀渀 愀猀 愀 昀漀爀攀猀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀爀攀攀渀眀漀漀搀Ⰰ 䴀椀搀爀攀愀氀洀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 21:09:39 -0600 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 搀愀瘀椀搀 昀爀椀攀搀洀愀渀 㰀搀搀昀爀 愀琀 戀攀猀琀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Rum? ਀ഊAt 9:18 PM -0500 3/6/00, Mordonna22 at aol.com wrote: ਀㸀匀椀渀挀攀 爀甀洀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 猀甀最愀爀 挀愀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀甀最愀爀 眀愀猀 椀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀氀氀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀ഊ>period, (even if expensive in some times and places), is there any hint that ਀㸀爀甀洀 眀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 琀椀洀攀猀㼀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䄀椀渀 椀 䄀欀戀愀爀椀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 ㄀㘀琀栀 挀⸀ 䴀甀最栀愀氀Ⰰ 栀愀猀 椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 ഊmaking a distilled liquor (called "Arrack") from sugar cane. The ਀洀攀琀栀漀搀 椀猀 漀渀攀 䤀 昀椀爀猀琀 攀渀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀攀搀 椀渀 开䠀漀眀 琀漀 匀琀愀礀 䄀氀椀瘀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 圀漀漀搀猀开 ഊor some similar survival/wild food style book. ਀ഊDavid Friedman ਀搀搀昀爀 愀琀 戀攀猀琀⸀挀漀洀ഊhttp://www.best.com/~ddfr/ ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ 　㜀 䴀愀爀 ㈀　　　 　　㨀㄀　㨀㌀㐀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: Ian Gourdon ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 戀爀愀渀搀礀ഊ ਀䰀搀⸀ 刀愀猀 愀渀搀 匀攀甀洀愀猀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> > I would say cognac or Napoleon would be ideal but use any brandy that you ਀㸀 㸀 昀攀攀氀 挀漀洀昀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀猀 椀渀 礀漀甀爀 漀瀀椀渀椀漀渀 愀 最漀漀搀 昀椀渀椀猀栀攀搀ഊ> > products. I have tasted cordials made with the least expensive types of ਀㸀 㸀 戀爀愀渀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 琀礀瀀攀猀⸀ 䈀漀琀栀 猀攀攀洀攀搀 琀愀猀琀礀⸀ 㬀ⴀ⤀ഊ> ਀㸀 䄀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀 愀 眀栀椀氀攀 戀愀挀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䠀椀猀琀ⴀ䈀爀攀眀椀渀最 氀椀猀琀 瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 漀甀琀ഊ> that 'aqua vitae' tends to be the _local_ distilled spirit during ਀㸀 栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀 琀椀洀攀猀 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 最攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 渀漀ഊ> citeable source provided for this, but seems reasonable (uisge, aqua ਀㸀 瘀椀琀愀攀Ⰰ 瘀漀搀欀愀 愀氀氀 爀攀氀愀琀攀 琀漀 ✀眀愀琀攀爀✀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 最漀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀ഊAges, at least according to this excerpt from a discussion ਀漀渀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 氀椀猀琀㨀 䈀爀愀渀搀礀 瘀猀 䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀  ⠀㜀ⴀ㤀㠀⤀ ഊ "Brandy was a result of the taxation of wine over the ਀洀漀甀渀琀愀椀渀猀 椀渀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀⸀ ⠀愀瀀爀漀砀 㜀琀栀 挀攀渀⤀⸀ 䤀琀ഊwas easier to distill the wine and send it out, since taxes ਀眀攀爀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 漀昀 昀氀甀椀搀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 眀愀猀ഊeasier to move. The customers liked the drink too, so it ਀猀漀氀搀⸀ 䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀 愀猀 愀 琀攀爀洀 挀愀洀攀 椀渀 洀甀挀栀 氀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀ഊactual product that was described, as I have mentioned ਀戀攀昀漀爀攀⸀  䤀琀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 琀攀爀洀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀攀爀攀ഊwas no term in Latin to describe the stuff, and the speakers ਀漀昀 䰀愀琀椀渀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 氀椀欀攀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀漀挀愀氀 渀愀洀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀琀甀昀昀⸀⸀⸀ഊHence the date difference." Arundel (OL in b&v) ਀㰀戀愀搀攀渀 愀琀 漀挀氀挀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ *** ਀∀ ⸀⸀⸀ 䤀 最漀琀 挀甀爀椀漀甀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 甀瀀 ∀戀爀愀渀搀礀∀ 椀渀 伀䔀䐀⸀⸀⸀⸀ ഊInteresting stuff. The original term (dating from the 7th ਀挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⤀ 椀猀 戀爀愀渀搀眀椀渀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀栀甀猀㨀  戀爀愀渀搀眀椀渀攀 㸀ഊbrandewine > brandy-wine > brandee > brandy. ਀   伀甀爀 昀愀洀椀氀椀愀爀 昀漀爀洀 眀愀猀 椀渀 甀猀攀 愀猀 攀愀爀氀礀 愀猀 ㄀㘀㔀㜀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀ഊfuller form of brandwine retained for official use through ਀琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㄀㜀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀Ⰰ ∀愀焀甀愀ⴀ瘀椀琀愀攀∀ 椀猀 琀栀攀ഊolder form (dating from the 5-7 centuries), and is ਀漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 愀渀 愀氀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 琀攀爀洀Ⰰ 漀渀氀礀 琀愀欀椀渀最 漀渀 椀琀猀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀ഊconnotation shortly thereafter. " Gwydion ਀ഊSo, the OED suggests a much older appearance for Brandy than ਀猀漀洀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀⸀ 伀昀琀攀渀 愀 最漀漀搀 瀀氀愀挀攀 琀漀 挀栀攀挀欀⸀ഊ- -- ਀䤀愀渀 䜀漀甀爀搀漀渀 漀昀 䜀氀攀渀 䄀眀攀Ⰰ 伀倀ഊKnown as a forester of the Greenwood, Midrealm ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀甀攀Ⰰ 　㜀 䴀愀爀 ㈀　　　 ㈀㌀㨀㄀㄀㨀㐀㜀 ⬀　㄀　　ഊFrom: Thomas Gloning ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䄀 琀愀爀琀攀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀漀欀攀 挀漀甀爀愀最攀 ⼀⼀ 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀ഊ ਀刀攀㨀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀渀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 戀礀 䜀甀渀搀漀氀昀 䬀攀椀氀 漀渀 ∀䐀攀爀ഊdeutsche Branntweintraktat des Mittelalters. Texte und Untersuchungen ਀嬀吀栀攀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 琀爀攀愀琀椀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀⸀ 吀攀砀琀猀 愀渀搀ഊinvestigations]. In: Centaurus. International Journal of the History of ਀匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 䴀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀 㜀 ⠀㄀㤀㘀　⤀ 㔀㌀ⴀ㄀　　⸀ഊ ਀䠀攀 猀愀礀猀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 甀猀攀 漀昀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 眀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 ∀愀氀氀最攀洀攀椀渀 戀攀欀愀渀渀琀∀ഊ('commonly known', in Germany, I think) by a latin treatise of Taddeo ਀䄀氀搀攀爀漀琀琀椀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 ㄀㈀㠀　⸀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀 琀栀椀猀 琀爀攀愀琀椀猀攀 眀愀猀ഊfurther used in Germany, it was shortened, expanded or modified in many ਀眀愀礀猀⸀ 䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 䬀攀椀氀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 愀渀搀 ㄀㔀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 愀氀猀漀ഊGerman brandy texts that went back to other sources. In any case: there ਀眀攀爀攀 洀愀渀礀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 琀爀攀愀琀椀猀攀猀Ⰰ 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀漀洀攀 愀爀攀 攀搀椀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 漀昀ഊKeil. ਀ഊUsually they mention medical uses ("Er ist auch gut f¸r all wetagen der ਀稀攀渀∀Ⰰ ✀椀琀 椀猀 最漀漀搀 昀漀爀 愀氀氀 猀椀挀欀渀攀猀猀攀猀⼀ 琀爀漀甀戀氀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀攀琀栀✀⤀⸀ 䈀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀ഊare others. One passage, e.g., says that he who drinks brandy with two ਀瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀渀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 攀洀瀀琀礀 猀琀漀洀愀挀栀 ∀挀栀愀渀 猀攀椀渀 眀漀爀琀ഊdezster paz gereden, wo sein im not geschicht" '[who drinks brandy with ਀眀椀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀渀椀渀最 攀琀挀⸀崀 挀愀渀 瀀甀琀 栀椀猀 眀漀爀搀猀 洀甀挀栀 戀攀琀琀攀爀⼀挀愀渀 琀愀氀欀 洀漀爀攀ഊeloquently, in case he needs it'. ਀ഊI append some references that contain or lead to Latin and German source ਀琀攀砀琀猀 漀渀 戀爀愀渀搀礀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 戀漀漀欀猀 漀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀ഊmedical uses of distilled products, but as far as I can see, the texts ਀漀昀 䜀愀戀爀椀攀氀 䰀攀戀攀渀猀琀攀椀渀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 匀挀栀爀椀挀欀 愀渀搀 䠀椀攀爀漀渀礀洀甀猀 䈀爀甀渀猀挀栀眀椀最 眀攀爀攀ഊonly about "gebrannte wasser", 'distilled herb waters', not about ਀戀爀愀渀搀礀⸀ഊ ਀䈀攀猀琀ⰀഊThomas ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ䄀氀搀攀爀漀琀琀椀Ⰰ 吀愀搀搀攀漀㨀 䠀最⸀ 瘀漀渀 䬀愀爀氀 匀甀搀栀漀昀昀 甀渀搀 䔀⸀伀⸀ 瘀漀渀 䰀椀瀀瀀洀愀渀渀⸀ 䤀渀㨀ഊArchiv f¸r Geschichte der Medizin 7 (1914) 379-389. ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ䬀愀椀猀攀爀Ⰰ 刀甀搀⸀㨀 䐀攀甀琀猀挀栀攀 甀渀搀 氀愀琀攀椀渀椀猀挀栀攀 吀攀砀琀攀 搀攀猀 ㄀㐀⸀ 甀渀搀 ㄀㔀⸀ഊJahrhunderts ¸ber die Heilwirkungen des Weingeistes. Diss. (med.) ਀䰀攀椀瀀稀椀最 ㄀㤀㈀㔀⸀ഊ- --Keil, G.: Der deutsche Branntweintraktat des Mittelalters. Texte und ਀儀甀攀氀氀攀渀甀渀琀攀爀猀甀挀栀甀渀最攀渀⸀ 䤀渀㨀 䌀攀渀琀愀甀爀甀猀 㜀 ⠀㄀㤀㘀　⤀ 㔀㌀ⴀ㄀　　⸀ഊ- --Rau, E.J.: ƒrztliche Gutachten und Polizeivorschriften ¸ber den ਀䈀爀愀渀渀琀眀攀椀渀 椀洀 䴀椀琀琀攀氀愀氀琀攀爀⸀ 䐀椀猀猀⸀ 䰀攀椀瀀稀椀最 ㄀㤀㄀㐀⸀ഊ- --Schˆppler, H.: Ein Lob des Branntweins aus dem 16. Jahrhundert. In: ਀䴀椀琀琀攀椀氀甀渀最攀渀 稀甀爀 䜀攀猀挀栀椀挀栀琀攀 搀攀爀 䴀攀搀椀稀椀渀 甀渀搀 搀攀爀 一愀琀甀爀眀椀猀猀攀渀猀挀栀愀昀琀攀渀 ㄀㌀ഊ(1914) 443-444. ਀ഊDISTILLATION of "gebrannte W‰sser" ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀ䈀爀甀渀猀挀栀眀椀最Ⰰ 䠀⸀㨀 䄀爀猀 搀攀猀琀椀氀氀愀渀搀椀Ⰰ 伀搀攀爀 䐀椀攀猀琀攀氀氀椀攀爀䬀甀渀猀琀 ⠀⸀⸀⸀⤀ 嘀漀爀ഊvielen Jahren/ von jhme dem Autore selbst in Truck verf‰rtiget (...) Nun ਀愀戀攀爀 ⠀⸀⸀⸀⤀ 愀甀昀昀猀 渀攀眀 瘀戀攀爀猀攀栀攀渀 ⠀⸀⸀⸀⤀ 瘀渀搀 洀椀琀 戀攀猀猀攀爀洀 吀攀甀琀猀挀栀 戀攀最愀戀琀⸀ഊFrankfurt a.M. 1610. Nachdruck Gr¸nwald bei M¸nchen o.J. [First ed. ਀㄀㔀　　崀ഊ- --Eis, G./ Vermeer, H.J.: Gabriel Lebensteins B¸chlein "Von den ਀最攀戀爀愀渀渀琀攀渀 圠　猀猀攀爀渀∀⸀ 匀琀甀琀琀最愀爀琀 ㄀㤀㘀㔀⸀ഊ- --Schrick, M.: Von allen geprenten wassern/ in welcher Ma? man die ਀渀렀琀稀攀渀 瘀渀搀 最攀戀爀愀甀挀栀攀渀 猀漀氀⼀ 稀甀 最攀猀甀渀搀栀攀礀琀 瘀渀搀 昀爀椀猀琀甀渀最 搀攀爀 最攀戀爀攀挀栀攀渀 搀攀爀ഊmenschen. N¸rnberg (Gutknecht) 1523. Nachdruck Schw‰bisch Gm¸nd 1960. ਀嬀昀椀爀猀琀 攀搀⸀ 愀爀漀甀渀搀 ㄀㐀㜀㜀崀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Fri, 23 Jun 2000 17:58:45 -0700 (PDT) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 吀攀爀爀椀 匀瀀攀渀挀攀爀 㰀琀愀爀愀挀漀漀欀 愀琀 礀愀栀漀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Liqueurs ਀ഊI don't think the term liqueur is period - at least not with the modern ਀洀攀愀渀椀渀最 ⠀猀眀攀攀琀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀⤀⸀  䤀琀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 洀攀愀渀琀 愀渀礀ഊliquid - water, juice, wine, liquor etc. Cordials were medicines that ਀眀攀爀攀 最漀漀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀爀琀⸀   ഊ ਀䈀甀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 椀猀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 眀愀琀攀爀猀 眀攀爀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀ഊin 9th c Arabic medical texts. They were known in Europe by the 12th ਀挀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀攀爀攀 猀琀爀椀挀琀氀礀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀ഊpublished - in 1500 I think. I haven't seen those early medical ਀琀爀攀愀琀椀猀攀猀 ⠀猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 搀椀猀挀氀愀椀洀攀爀⤀ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀礀 愀氀猀漀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀ഊfor ypocras, claret & other spiced beverages - all medicines, of ਀挀漀甀爀猀攀⸀ഊ ਀䴀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 眀愀琀攀爀猀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 栀攀爀戀猀 愀渀搀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀漀渀最ഊflavors like musk or anise or lots of sugar. (Like Benedictine (1509?) ਀眀椀琀栀 ㈀㜀 栀攀爀戀猀⼀猀瀀椀挀攀猀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 礀漀甀✀搀 昀椀渀搀 椀渀ഊPlat, Markham or Martha Washington's Book of Cookery. There are also ਀猀漀洀攀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 眀愀琀攀爀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀椀渀渀愀洀漀渀 眀愀琀攀爀 椀渀 愀氀氀 琀栀爀攀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀  ഊ ਀䴀愀爀琀栀愀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀 椀猀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 䤀✀瘀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀ഊ"Cinnamon Water without Distilling" that soaks the cinnamon in brandy ਀愀渀搀 愀搀搀猀 猀甀最愀爀⸀  吀栀椀猀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀 猀漀洀攀 瀀漀猀琀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 ⠀愀渀搀 琀栀攀ഊedition I have doesn't distinguish which are which) so I don't know if ਀琀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 䴀愀爀欀栀愀洀 琀漀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀ഊwaters purchased from the apothecary - in ever-popular flavors like ਀挀椀渀渀愀洀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀椀渀琀 ⴀ 戀甀琀 渀漀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀⸀  吀栀漀猀攀 栀攀爀戀猀 眀攀爀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀猀ഊissue de table cordials to close and soothe the tummy - the origin of ਀愀昀琀攀爀ⴀ搀椀渀渀攀爀 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 ⠀漀戀 昀漀漀搀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀⤀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 愀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 昀漀爀 愀渀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀 爀漀猀攀眀愀琀攀爀 ⴀ 戀甀琀 䤀✀氀氀 氀漀漀欀ഊthru my books this weekend. ਀ഊTemair ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㈀㘀 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　　 ㈀㈀㨀㈀㄀㨀㈀㈀ ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Ian Gourdon ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 刀攀㨀 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀ഊ ਀㸀 㸀 吀栀攀 攀瘀攀爀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀椀渀最 䜀甀渀琀栀愀爀 愀最愀椀渀⸀ 䤀✀洀 愀猀猀椀猀琀椀渀最 愀 氀愀搀礀 椀渀 昀椀渀搀椀渀最ഊ> > documentation on liqueurs, especially my rose petal liqueur. Now a ਀㸀 㸀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀渀最猀 䤀 搀漀 欀渀漀眀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 洀漀爀攀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀ഊ> > than drink and that they should properly be made with brandy. ਀㸀 ഊ> The idea that only brandy is an appropriate carrier for liqueurs comes ਀㸀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 椀搀攀愀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀氀礀 眀椀渀攀 眀愀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀⸀ 匀椀渀挀攀 戀攀攀爀 眀愀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊ> used in waters, at least, that idea is blown out of the water. I asked ਀㸀 漀渀挀攀 漀渀 匀䌀ⴀ搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀ഊ> distilled beer or ale (Ras, you'll remember this, yes?) and didn't get ਀㸀 瘀攀爀礀 昀愀爀⸀ 吀爀椀瀀氀攀 愀渀搀 焀甀愀搀爀甀瀀氀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最猀ⴀⴀ 眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 洀漀爀攀 愀渀搀 洀漀爀攀 漀昀ഊ> the original flavor-- were known and used, so I waver between whisky ਀㸀 ⠀眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀攀爀攀✀猀 愀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀⤀ 愀渀搀 瘀漀搀欀愀 昀漀爀 愀ഊ> replacement for the distillate of grain-based fermentation. - Jenne Heise ਀ഊI'd guess that beer may not have been distilled, as such. ਀䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 最爀愀椀渀 搀漀攀猀渀✀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 椀洀瀀氀礀 椀琀Ⰰ 搀漀挀猀ഊwise. There were wine and ale based medicinals, I remember, ਀椀渀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀猀 䤀✀瘀攀 猀攀攀渀 焀甀漀琀攀搀⸀ 䴀愀猀琀攀爀 䄀爀甀渀搀攀氀ഊrecommends this source: ਀∀吀栀攀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀爀 漀昀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀氀愀瘀椀猀 琀漀 甀渀氀漀挀欀 琀栀攀ഊdeepest secrets of that mysterious art with many additions ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀 眀愀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 瀀攀渀✀搀ഊby our most able doctors and physitians, ancient and modern, ਀昀漀爀攀椀最渀 愀渀搀 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀欀 ⸀⸀⸀∀ ഊPLACE: London : ਀倀唀䈀䰀䤀匀䠀䔀刀㨀 倀爀椀渀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 吀栀漀⸀ 䠀甀渀琀椀渀最琀漀渀 愀渀搀 圀椀氀⸀ 一攀愀氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊare to be ਀猀漀氀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀栀漀瀀 ⸀⸀⸀Ⰰ ഊYEAR: 1652 ਀倀唀䈀 吀夀倀䔀㨀 䈀漀漀欀 ഊFORMAT: [22], 167 p. ਀匀䔀刀䤀䔀匀㨀 䔀愀爀氀礀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 戀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ ㄀㘀㐀㄀ⴀ㄀㜀　　 㬀 ㄀㌀㄀㨀㄀㤀⸀ ഊNOTES: Reproduction of original in British Library. ਀䴀椀挀爀漀昀椀氀洀⸀ 䄀渀渀 䄀爀戀漀爀Ⰰ 䴀椀挀栀⸀ 㨀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 䴀椀挀爀漀昀椀氀洀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㐀⸀ ㄀ഊmicrofilm reel ; 35 mm. ਀⠀䔀愀爀氀礀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 戀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ ㄀㘀㐀㄀ⴀ㄀㜀　　 㬀 ㄀㌀㄀㨀㄀㤀⤀ഊ ਀    䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 甀猀甀愀氀 眀漀爀搀 漀昀 渀漀琀攀㬀 洀甀挀栀 搀攀戀愀琀攀 栀愀猀ഊhappened over the proper core ingredient. Just my opinion, ਀戀甀琀Ⰰ 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 最椀瘀攀猀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 琀栀攀 攀搀最攀Ⰰ 䤀✀搀 猀愀礀⸀ 䤀昀 礀漀甀✀爀攀ഊtrying to impress A&S judges, you'll probably get a lot ਀昀愀爀琀栀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀ⴀ戀爀愀渀搀礀㨀 ∀䄀爀渀漀氀搀 搀攀 嘀椀氀愀 一漀瘀愀Ⰰ 愀 ㄀㌀琀栀ഊCentury alchemist, wrote of aqua vitae and its restorative ਀瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀ഊflavored alcohols. Legal documents dating to 1411 mention ਀琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀 椀渀琀漀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䄀爀洀愀最渀愀挀 爀攀最椀漀渀ഊof France. -Hannum, Brandies and Liqueurs of the World. p ਀㔀⸀∀ ഊ Actual documentaion of the distillation process might ਀爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 愀 瘀椀猀椀琀 琀漀㨀 ∀䐀愀猀 䈀甀挀栀 稀甀 䐀攀猀琀椀氀氀椀攀爀渀∀ 戀礀 䠀椀攀爀漀渀礀洀甀猀ഊBraunsweig, which was printed in 1519. This book, as its ਀琀椀琀氀攀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀猀Ⰰ 椀猀 愀 戀漀漀欀 漀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀ഊthe text, there are pictures inthe book which show the ਀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 漀渀攀 漀昀 愀 猀琀椀氀氀 眀椀琀栀 㐀 愀氀攀洀戀椀挀猀ഊ(retorts). - "Alcohol," and "Alcoholic Beverages," ਀䔀渀挀礀挀氀漀瀀愀攀搀椀愀 䈀爀椀琀琀愀渀椀挀愀⸀ ഊ Inference may allow use of almost any modern distilled ਀猀漀甀爀挀攀⸀ 匀洀愀氀氀 挀愀猀攀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 昀漀爀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ 瀀漀漀爀ഊto no case for a few of them. ਀    圀栀椀猀欀攀礀⼀猀挀漀琀挀栀 椀猀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀猀 椀渀ഊhistorical sources, notably: "The earliest documented record ਀漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 椀渀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 漀挀挀甀爀猀 愀猀 氀漀渀最 愀最漀 愀猀 ㄀㐀㤀㐀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀ഊan entry in the Exchequer Rolls listed "Eight bolls of malt ਀琀漀 䘀爀椀愀爀 䨀漀栀渀 䌀漀爀 眀栀攀爀攀眀椀琀栀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀∀ ⠀眀愀琀攀爀 漀昀ഊlife). This was sufficient to produce almost 1500 bottles. ਀吀栀甀猀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 挀氀攀愀爀 琀栀愀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 眀愀猀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 愀 眀攀氀氀ഊestablished practice. -Edited from and ©: "The Original ਀匀挀漀琀挀栀∀⸀ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 䈀爀愀渀搀攀爀 嬀䠀甀琀挀栀椀渀猀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㐀⸀⸀⸀⤀ഊ Vodka is quite inferable, but very lightly documented. ਀匀漀洀攀漀渀攀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 䜀漀瘀✀琀 爀攀挀漀爀搀猀 愀 眀栀椀氀攀 戀愀挀欀⸀ 倀攀爀椀漀搀ഊvodka would almost certainly have been grain based, ਀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀 渀漀琀 瀀漀琀愀琀漀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀 渀漀琀 昀爀漀洀 愀 最爀愀椀渀 漀瘀攀爀氀礀ഊsimilar to modern wheat. ਀    刀甀洀 椀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 渀漀琀 愀 最漀漀搀 椀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀渀ഊthough they are making it in volume during the 16th cen. ਀㄀㔀　㤀 猀攀攀猀 愀 爀甀洀 昀愀挀琀漀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 眀漀爀氀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 渀漀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀ഊabout using it for cordials. ਀    䜀椀渀 椀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 爀椀最栀琀 漀甀琀⸀ഊ The fact that we are macerating in distillate to make ਀氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 漀昀 愀 洀漀爀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀㨀ഊdistilling after macerating in wine or something else, is ਀愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 攀渀琀椀爀攀氀礀⸀  ഊ- -- ਀䤀愀渀 䜀漀甀爀搀漀渀 漀昀 䜀氀攀渀 䄀眀攀Ⰰ 伀倀ഊKnown as a forester of the Greenwood, Midrealm ਀ 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀攀戀⸀爀愀攀砀⸀挀漀洀⼀縀愀最椀渀挀漀爀琀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 27 Jun 2000 09:23:27 -0400 (EDT) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀攀渀渀攀 䠀攀椀猀攀 㰀樀攀渀渀攀 愀琀 琀甀氀最攀礀⸀戀爀漀眀猀攀爀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: SC - Re: liqueurs ਀ഊ> I'd guess that beer may not have been distilled, as such. ਀㸀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 最爀愀椀渀 搀漀攀猀渀✀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 椀洀瀀氀礀 椀琀Ⰰ 搀漀挀猀ഊ> wise. There were wine and ale based medicinals. ਀嬀猀渀椀瀀瀀愀最攀崀ഊ> Aqua vitae is the usual word of note; much debate has ਀㸀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀 挀漀爀攀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀⸀ 䨀甀猀琀 洀礀 漀瀀椀渀椀漀渀Ⰰഊ> but, documentation gives brandy the edge, I'd say. If you're ਀㸀 琀爀礀椀渀最 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀 䄀☀匀 樀甀搀最攀猀Ⰰ 礀漀甀✀氀氀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 最攀琀 愀 氀漀琀ഊ> farther with aqua vitae-brandy: ਀嬀猀渀椀瀀瀀愀最攀崀ഊ ਀匀漀爀爀礀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 琀愀欀攀 愀 氀漀漀欀 愀琀 䴀愀爀欀栀愀洀 愀渀搀 愀琀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀✀猀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊIf impressing A&S judges means that you have to go by the current A&S ਀洀礀琀栀猀Ⰰ 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 愀琀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀愀礀 愀氀攀 ⠀最爀愀椀渀 戀愀猀攀搀Ⰰഊsorry I guess beer is hopped, which we don't want), as well as wine, then ਀眀攀氀氀Ⰰ 䤀 最甀攀猀猀 琀栀攀礀 挀愀渀 樀甀猀琀 最漀 栀愀渀最⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 椀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 氀椀焀甀漀爀⸀ 倀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ 䰀漀漀欀椀渀最 愀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 戀漀漀欀猀 漀昀ഊthe period, that's quite clear. They don't seem to be making a distinction ਀戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 愀渀搀 愀氀攀 戀愀猀攀搀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀⸀ഊ ਀㸀     圀栀椀猀欀攀礀⼀猀挀漀琀挀栀 椀猀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀猀 椀渀ഊ> historical sources, notably: "The earliest documented record ਀㸀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 椀渀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 漀挀挀甀爀猀 愀猀 氀漀渀最 愀最漀 愀猀 ㄀㐀㤀㐀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀ഊ> an entry in the Exchequer Rolls listed "Eight bolls of malt ਀㸀 琀漀 䘀爀椀愀爀 䨀漀栀渀 䌀漀爀 眀栀攀爀攀眀椀琀栀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀∀ ⠀眀愀琀攀爀 漀昀ഊ> life). This was sufficient to produce almost 1500 bottles. ਀ഊAqua vitae, however, would not have been processed the way modern ਀猀挀漀琀挀栀⼀眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 椀猀⸀ 唀猀椀焀甀攀 ⠀䤀爀椀猀栀 眀栀椀猀欀礀⤀ 眀愀猀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀氀礀 猀甀瀀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 愀ഊbunch of other stuff in it-- by english writers who told how to make it. ਀䤀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀漀爀搀猀Ⰰ 椀琀猀攀氀昀 眀愀猀 琀爀攀愀琀攀搀 愀猀 愀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 愀 戀愀猀攀 昀漀爀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀猀⸀ഊ ਀㸀     嘀漀搀欀愀 椀猀 焀甀椀琀攀 椀渀昀攀爀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 瘀攀爀礀 氀椀最栀琀氀礀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀⸀ഊ> Someone mentioned Russian Gov't records a while back. Period ਀㸀 瘀漀搀欀愀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 最爀愀椀渀 戀愀猀攀搀Ⰰഊ> certainly not potatoes, and possibly not from a grain overly ਀㸀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 眀栀攀愀琀⸀ഊ ਀⨀猀椀最栀⨀ 䄀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 ㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 嘀漀搀欀愀 椀猀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀⸀ ⠀开䈀爀攀愀搀 愀渀搀ഊSalt_ talks about government controlled vodka shops.) However, it appears ਀琀栀愀琀 椀琀 眀愀猀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 眀椀琀栀 瀀愀爀猀渀椀瀀猀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀ഊI've read. ਀ഊHowever, parsnip-based vodka is very hard to find. What you find is ਀最爀愀椀渀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 瘀漀搀欀愀 ⠀眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀礀 漀爀 洀愀礀 渀漀琀 戀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 开愀猀 瘀漀搀欀愀开⸀⤀ഊOn the other hand, modern vodka is a multiple distillate of a grain-based ਀昀攀爀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀椀渀最猀 栀愀瘀攀 一伀吀 戀攀攀渀 愀搀搀攀搀⸀ 圀栀椀挀栀 椀渀 洀礀ഊopinion makes it similar to the higher grades of aqua vitae. Scotch & ਀圀栀椀猀欀礀Ⰰ 戀攀椀渀最 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀Ⰰ 䤀✀瘀攀 猀栀椀攀搀 愀眀愀礀 昀爀漀洀 甀猀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀㸀     䜀椀渀 椀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 爀椀最栀琀 漀甀琀⸀ഊ ਀䜀椀渀✀猀 愀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀 椀渀 愀渀搀 漀昀 椀琀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 戀攀椀渀最 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 樀甀渀椀瀀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀㸀     吀栀攀 昀愀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 愀爀攀 洀愀挀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 椀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀攀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀ഊ> liqueurs instead of a more common Medieval practice: ਀㸀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 愀昀琀攀爀 洀愀挀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 椀渀 眀椀渀攀 漀爀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 攀氀猀攀Ⰰ 椀猀ഊ> another problem entirely. ਀ഊYes, though French's gives a few examples of macerating in distillate. On ਀琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 栀愀渀搀Ⰰ 渀漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀✀猀 漀爀 䴀愀爀欀栀愀洀✀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀眀攀攀琀攀渀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀䨀愀搀眀椀最愀 娀愀樀愀挀稀欀漀眀愀Ⰰ 洀欀愀 䨀攀渀渀椀昀攀爀 䠀攀椀猀攀ऀ      樀攀渀渀攀 愀琀 琀甀氀最攀礀⸀戀爀漀眀猀攀爀⸀渀攀琀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 27 Jun 2000 11:14:20 -0400 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䨀攀昀昀 䜀攀搀渀攀礀∀ 㰀䨀䜀攀搀渀攀礀 愀琀 搀椀挀琀愀瀀栀漀渀攀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: SC - Re: liqueurs and distillation ਀ഊJust a few notes from my own researches... ਀ഊIn early uisge making, "Beere" was a more likely a term to be used ਀昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀漀 戀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 昀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 琀攀爀洀 ∀眀愀猀栀∀⸀ഊ ਀䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 眀愀猀 愀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 琀攀爀洀 昀漀爀 ∀愀爀搀攀渀琀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀∀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 ഊa huge variety of distilled ardent spiritous beverages. ਀ഊSome notes from the Works of John Davis, an Elizabethan navigator ਀愀渀搀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀爀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 昀愀爀 䔀愀猀琀攀爀渀 欀椀渀最搀漀洀猀 漀昀 ഊmarketplace distillers who made Aquavitae from Rice, and also the juice ਀漀昀 猀甀最愀爀 挀愀渀攀⸀ ⠀愀瀀瀀愀爀攀渀琀氀礀 琀栀攀猀攀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀 眀攀爀攀 昀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 ഊof the Islamic kingdoms of the East Indies, because they were not ਀洀愀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ∀昀爀甀椀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀∀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 漀昀 愀 ഊloophole in the Law. ਀ഊSome "High end" vodkas are Grain and spice based, and one or two ਀愀爀攀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 昀爀甀椀琀⠀℀⤀ ഊ ਀䤀䴀䠀伀Ⰰ 嘀漀搀欀愀 椀猀 洀漀爀攀 氀椀欀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀 䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀 ഊis rarely described as being aged in barrels, to add color and flavor... ਀⠀眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 搀漀渀攀 琀漀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 椀琀 攀瘀攀爀 猀攀攀猀 琀栀攀 氀椀最栀琀 漀昀 搀愀礀⸀⤀ഊ ਀匀漀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀猀 洀甀猀琀 栀愀瘀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 戀攀攀渀 戀攀攀渀 挀氀攀愀爀 愀渀搀 ഊsubtly flavored with the spices and flavorings that were present ਀䈀䔀䘀伀刀䔀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 攀砀愀挀琀氀礀 栀漀眀 猀漀洀攀 ∀栀椀最栀 攀渀搀∀ ഊVodkas are produced. I posted several Vodkas which fit this ਀搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀ⴀ䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 氀椀猀琀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 眀愀猀 爀甀渀渀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 ഊthere. ਀ഊVery few vodkas are actually wholly made of potatoes. a great many ਀愀爀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀氀礀 最爀愀椀渀 戀愀猀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀戀爀愀渀搀甀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 27 Jun 2000 14:21:21 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䐀攀挀欀攀爀Ⰰ 吀攀爀爀礀 䐀⸀∀ 㰀吀攀爀爀礀䐀 愀琀 䠀攀愀氀琀栀⸀匀琀愀琀攀⸀伀䬀⸀唀匀㸀ഊSubject: RE: SC - Liqueurs ਀ഊ> Well, it is intentionally placed in special casks in order to pick up ਀㸀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀猀⸀ 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 眀愀猀 ഊ> treated to such a flavoring process. ਀㸀 ഊ> Jadwiga Zajaczkowa, mka Jennifer Heise ਀ഊCask aging is more to take the raw edge off the alcohol than to add flavor. ਀吀栀攀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀 椀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀猀栀⸀  吀栀攀 甀猀攀ഊof wooden casks, whether plain, charcoaled, or previously used for wine, is ਀洀攀愀渀琀 琀漀 洀攀氀氀漀眀 琀栀攀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀⸀ഊ ਀䄀渀搀 椀昀 礀漀甀 琀栀椀渀欀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 渀攀攀搀猀 琀漀 戀攀 挀愀猀欀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀Ⰰ 樀甀猀琀 琀爀礀 猀漀洀攀ഊtriple run 140-proof White Mule straight from the Mason Jar. If you do, the ਀椀搀攀愀 漀昀 愀最椀渀最 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 椀渀 愀 挀愀猀欀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀漀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀䈀攀愀爀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 27 Jun 2000 17:09:28 -0400 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䨀攀昀昀 䜀攀搀渀攀礀∀ 㰀䨀䜀攀搀渀攀礀 愀琀 搀椀挀琀愀瀀栀漀渀攀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: RE: SC - Liqueurs ਀ഊ> And if you think whiskey needs to be casked to be whiskey, just try some ਀㸀 琀爀椀瀀氀攀 爀甀渀 ㄀㐀　ⴀ瀀爀漀漀昀 圀栀椀琀攀 䴀甀氀攀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䴀愀猀漀渀 䨀愀爀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 搀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀ഊ> idea of aging whiskey in a cask becomes self-explanatory. ਀ഊNever said Whiskey needs to be cask aged (Whiskey is derived from ਀琀栀攀 䜀愀攀氀椀挀 昀漀爀 䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀Ⰰ 愀昀琀攀爀 愀氀氀⤀Ⰰ 樀甀猀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 椀猀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀 搀漀渀攀 猀漀⸀ഊThe Aquavitae in Digbie or Markham is a lot farther away from Macallans ਀愀渀搀 昀爀漀洀 䌀漀甀爀瘀漀椀猀椀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 昀爀漀洀 愀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 瘀漀搀欀愀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀 䤀 愀洀 洀愀欀椀渀最 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀漀猀琀 ⠀渀攀愀爀氀礀 愀氀氀⤀ 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀猀 愀渀搀 ഊbrandys are aged and other flavors introduced after distilling ( either as ਀愀渀 愀爀琀椀昀愀挀琀 漀昀 愀最椀渀最 椀渀 愀 挀愀猀欀Ⰰ 漀爀 戀礀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀⤀Ⰰ ഊwhereas vodkas are generally not aged and remain "white". ਀䴀漀猀琀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀漀爀 䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 挀愀氀氀 昀漀爀 洀攀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 漀爀 愀最椀渀最Ⰰ ഊbut depend primarily on recipe for flavor. By the description of the ਀瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 琀攀砀琀猀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 猀攀攀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀 椀猀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 ഊdone when it is "drawn" out of the still. ਀ഊSo when a recipe calls for Aquavitae, unless otherwise stated in the ਀爀攀挀椀瀀攀Ⰰ 洀礀 椀渀挀氀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀漀 甀猀攀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 瘀漀搀欀愀Ⰰ ഊIF I am going for a "period taste". ਀ഊIf I am just making myself happy, I'll use what I like. ਀ഊVodkas much like Aquavitae: ਀䐀攀昀椀渀椀琀攀氀礀 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀ⴀ氀椀欀攀㨀ഊFinlandia "21" ਀䬀爀漀氀攀眀猀欀愀 ഊSoomska ਀䠀漀爀漀戀礀渀漀瘀愀ഊKremlyovskaya ਀倀攀琀爀漀瘀 ഊSpecial mention: ਀䌀氀攀愀爀 䌀爀攀攀欀 䔀愀甀 搀攀 嘀椀攀猀 ഊ ਀瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀ⴀ氀椀欀攀㨀ഊGrey Goose Vodka -French vodka(?) ਀䜀爀攀攀 最漀漀猀攀 嘀漀搀欀愀 氀✀伀爀愀渀最攀  ⴀ䘀爀攀渀挀栀 瘀漀搀欀愀⠀㼀⤀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 27 Jun 2000 20:22:11 -0400 (EDT) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀攀渀渀攀 䠀攀椀猀攀 㰀樀攀渀渀攀 愀琀 琀甀氀最攀礀⸀戀爀漀眀猀攀爀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: SC - Aqua vitae recipes from The Art of Distilation (fwd) ਀ഊFound this in my sent mail from last year. Might be useful to someone. ਀ⴀ ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ 䘀漀爀眀愀爀搀攀搀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊDate: Wed, 23 Jun 1999 16:46:10 -0400 (EDT) ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀攀渀渀攀 䠀攀椀猀攀 㰀樀攀渀渀攀 愀琀 琀甀氀最攀礀⸀戀爀漀眀猀攀爀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊTo: SCA-dist2 at onelist.com ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 吀栀攀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀愀琀椀漀渀ഊ ਀吀眀漀 瘀攀爀礀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀⼀猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀㨀ഊ ਀ऀ䠀漀眀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀瀀椀爀琀猀 漀昀 圀椀渀攀 漀甀琀 漀昀 圀椀渀攀ഊTake of whatever wine you please, put it into a copper still, two parts of ਀琀栀爀攀攀 戀攀椀渀最 攀洀瀀琀礀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀 椀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 眀漀爀洀 甀渀琀椀氀氀 渀漀 洀漀爀攀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 挀漀洀攀 漀昀昀Ⰰഊthen this spirit will serve for the making of any spirits out of ਀瘀攀最攀琀愀戀氀攀猀㬀 戀甀琀 椀昀 琀栀漀甀 眀漀甀氀搀猀琀 栀愀瘀攀 椀琀 猀琀爀漀渀最攀爀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀 椀琀 愀最愀椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊhalf will remain behind as an insipid flegm; and if thou wouldst have it ਀礀攀琀 猀琀爀漀渀最攀爀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀 椀琀 愀最愀椀渀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 攀瘀攀爀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀氀 氀攀愀瘀攀 戀攀栀椀渀搀ഊone moity of flegm or thereabouts; so shalt thou have a most pure and ਀猀琀爀漀渀最 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀⸀ഊ ਀ഊ How to make aqua vitae out of beer ਀吀愀欀攀 漀昀 猀琀愀氀攀 猀琀爀漀渀最ⴀ戀攀攀爀 漀爀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀猀 琀栀攀爀攀 漀昀Ⰰ 瀀甀琀 椀琀 椀渀琀漀 愀ഊcopper still with a worm, distill it gently (or otherwise it will make the ਀栀攀愀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀琀椀氀氀 昀氀礀 甀瀀⤀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀椀氀氀 挀漀洀攀 昀漀爀琀栀 愀 眀攀愀欀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀ഊis called low wine; of which when thou hast a good quantity thou mayest ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀 椀琀 愀最愀椀渀 漀昀 椀琀 猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀椀氀氀 挀漀洀攀 昀漀爀琀栀 愀 最漀漀搀 䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀⸀ഊAnd if thou distillest it two or three times more, thou shalt have as ਀猀琀爀漀渀最 愀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 愀猀 漀甀琀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀搀攀攀搀 戀攀琀眀椀砀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 漀昀ഊwine, thou shalt percieve none or very little difference. ਀ഊJadwiga Zajaczkowa mka Jennifer Heise ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㈀㠀 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　　 ㄀㌀㨀　㤀㨀　㜀 䌀䔀匀吀ഊFrom: "Christina van Tets" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 氀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 愀渀搀 樀攀渀攀瘀攀爀 ⠀氀漀渀最椀猀栀⤀ഊ ਀䤀✀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 椀渀 ✀䨀攀渀攀瘀攀爀㨀  伀搀攀 愀愀渀 攀攀渀 瘀漀氀欀猀搀爀愀渀欀✀Ⰰ 戀礀 䌀攀攀猀 䬀椀渀最洀愀渀猀 ഊ(Bever, 's Gravenhage, 1991): ਀ഊThe first chapter deals with distillation in general, so I won't bore you ਀眀椀琀栀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 愀瀀愀爀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 琀椀琀氀攀猀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 戀漀漀欀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀戀漀甀琀 ㄀㔀　　㨀ഊ ਀䠀椀攀爀漀渀礀洀甀猀 䈀爀甀渀猀挀栀眀攀椀最㨀  ✀䐀愀猀 䈀甀挀栀 搀攀爀 刀攀挀栀琀攀渀 䬀甀渀猀琀 稀甀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀爀攀渀✀⸀   吀栀椀猀 ഊwas printed shortly afterwards by (guess who? sorry) Thomas vander Noot in ਀䈀爀甀猀猀攀氀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 琀椀琀氀攀 ✀䐀椀攀 䐀椀猀琀攀氀氀愀挀椀攀渀 攀渀搀攀 嘀攀爀琀甀礀琀攀渀 搀攀爀 圀愀琀攀爀攀渀✀⸀ഊ ਀䴀攀椀猀琀攀爀 倀栀椀氀椀瀀瀀甀猀 䠀攀爀洀愀渀渀椀 眀爀漀琀攀 愀 䴀匀 椀渀 ㄀㔀㔀㄀ 椀渀 䄀渀琀眀攀爀瀀 昀漀爀 栀椀猀 挀漀氀氀攀愀最甀攀猀✀ ഊuse (he was an apothecary), entitled Een Constich Distelleerboek, which ਀愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 䬀椀渀最洀愀渀猀 搀攀愀氀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 ✀洀漀猀琀 瀀氀愀渀琀 ഊmaterial'. He apparently goes into some detail about appropriate equipment ਀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀椀欀攀⸀ഊ ਀一椀挀攀 焀甀漀琀攀 昀爀漀洀 栀椀洀㨀ഊ'Als ghi nu wilt gaen maecken den ghebranden wyn, soo en sult ghi niet doen ਀最栀攀氀礀挀欀 瘀攀氀攀 戀攀搀爀椀攀最栀攀爀猀 搀漀攀渀Ⰰ 搀椀攀 搀愀攀爀琀漀攀 渀攀攀洀攀渀 瘀攀攀氀搀攀爀栀愀渀搀攀 搀椀渀最栀攀渀 搀愀攀爀 ഊsi den wyn mede verderven ghelyck als wyndroesem oft gist van bier ende ਀搀椀攀爀最栀攀氀礀挀欀攀渀 漀渀爀攀椀渀椀挀栀栀攀椀琀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 戀甀爀渀琀 眀椀渀攀Ⰰ 猀漀 礀漀甀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 搀漀 眀栀愀琀 洀愀渀礀 猀眀椀渀搀氀攀爀猀 搀漀Ⰰ ഊwho take many things into it to corrupt the wine, such as wine dregs or ਀礀攀愀猀琀 昀爀漀洀 戀攀攀爀 愀渀搀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 椀洀瀀甀爀椀琀椀攀猀⸀⸀⸀✀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 戀攀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀氀礀 琀栀攀礀 搀椀猀琀椀渀最甀椀猀栀攀搀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 戀礀 挀愀氀氀椀渀最 ഊthe stuff made from grapes 'ghebrande wyn' and the stuff made from grains ਀✀最栀攀戀爀愀渀搀攀 挀漀爀攀渀 眀礀渀✀⸀ഊ ਀伀琀栀攀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 䬀椀渀最洀愀渀猀㨀ഊ ਀匀栀漀爀琀 戀甀爀戀氀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 倀愀爀愀挀攀氀猀甀猀Ⰰ 愀 匀眀椀猀猀 ⠀㄀㐀㤀㌀ⴀ㄀㔀㐀㄀⤀ 眀栀漀 ✀昀漀甀渀搀 愀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 ഊapplication through adding certain herbs to distilled drink'. ਀嬀䄀戀攀氀愀爀搀 眀漀甀氀搀 猀攀攀洀 琀漀 瀀爀攀搀愀琀攀 栀椀洀 戀礀 愀 戀椀琀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀⸀  䌀䨀瘀吀崀ഊ ਀䬀漀爀攀渀眀椀樀渀 ⠀愀氀猀漀 挀漀爀攀渀眀礀渀⤀ 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀漀 戀攀 琀栀攀 漀氀搀攀猀琀 渀愀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 ഊgrain liquors in the Low Countries. According to the glossary, it is ਀挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 椀渀 开挀甀爀爀攀渀琀开 甀猀愀最攀 琀漀 戀攀 樀攀渀攀瘀攀爀 漀爀 洀愀氀琀眀椀渀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 ഊdistilled up to four times with a mixture of herbs and then left to cellar ਀昀漀爀 愀 琀椀洀攀⸀ഊ ਀䬀椀渀最洀愀渀猀 椀猀渀✀琀 攀瘀攀渀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀 最甀攀猀猀 眀栀攀渀 挀漀爀攀渀眀礀渀 挀愀洀攀 椀渀⸀  䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 栀攀 猀愀礀猀 ഊthat towards the end of the 16th C it seemed that production might end after ਀猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 昀愀椀氀攀搀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 匀琀愀琀攀猀ⴀ䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 戀愀渀渀攀搀 琀栀攀 洀愀欀椀渀最 漀昀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 ഊfrom wheat, rye, barley, male and buckwheat. In 1606 this was repealed and ਀樀攀渀攀瘀攀爀 愀渀搀 樀甀渀椀瀀攀爀 戀攀爀爀椀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 琀椀洀攀 椀渀 愀渀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 ഊdocument, a State Ordinance. ਀ഊLucas Bols began a liqueur distillery in Amsterdam in 1575; Amsterdam was ਀愀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 栀愀爀戀漀甀爀 琀漀眀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀愀眀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀ⴀ琀爀愀昀昀椀挀 漀昀 ഊsugar, spices and herbs. [There follows a speculation about using sugar ਀眀愀琀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 眀愀猀栀椀渀最 搀漀眀渀 猀眀攀攀琀ⴀ洀愀欀攀爀猀✀ 琀爀愀礀猀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀椀氀⸀  一漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 栀攀爀攀 ഊfor this.] Bols is now a multinational, apparently. ਀ഊOh, and a priest in Leiden was defrocked in 1582 for distilling - not a ਀猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 漀挀挀甀瀀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀 ✀猀攀爀瘀愀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 圀漀爀搀✀⸀  䄀瀀瀀愀爀攀渀琀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀攀猀琀✀猀 ഊdefence he claimed that he only used the best Rhine, French or Spanish wine ਀昀漀爀 栀椀猀 渀攀昀愀爀椀漀甀猀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 最爀愀椀渀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 ഊfruits of the earth. ਀ഊThen the history starts geting OOP, so I'll stop there. ਀ഊCairistiona ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㈀㠀 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　　 ㄀　㨀㄀㐀㨀㔀㠀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: "Jeff Gedney" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䰀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀ഊ ਀㸀 䤀✀洀 欀椀渀搀愀 栀攀渀欀礀 愀戀漀甀琀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀爀漀漀昀 ✀最爀愀椀渀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀✀ 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀ഊ> because it does have _all_ tastes removed, and because of its high ਀㸀 瀀爀漀漀昀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 戀礀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 洀漀搀攀爀渀ഊ> conditions. I'm not sure (despite French's statements to the contrary) ਀㸀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀愀猀琀攀氀攀猀猀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀⸀ഊ ਀眀攀氀氀 琀栀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 洀漀猀琀 䄀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀攀猀 搀漀 挀愀氀氀 昀漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ ഊeach a stronger product. but no, it was very unlikely that they could ਀最攀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 欀椀渀搀 漀昀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀猀 琀栀愀琀 倀䜀䄀 ⠀ 瀀甀爀攀 䜀爀愀椀渀 䄀氀挀漀栀漀氀⤀ 挀愀渀 最攀琀 琀漀⸀ഊ ਀䤀琀 眀愀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 洀漀爀攀 氀椀欀攀 愀 ∀栀椀最栀 漀挀琀愀渀攀∀ 瘀漀搀欀愀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ഊ100 and 140 proof, when it was finished. ਀ഊTastelessness seems not to generally have been the goal (or the ਀椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀瀀椀挀椀渀最 眀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 猀漀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀⤀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 䤀 ഊthink French was describing what would be the effect of excessive ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 爀甀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 倀甀爀椀昀椀攀搀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 椀渀 圀椀渀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀ഊwas indistinguishable form that derived from Grain alcohol. ਀ഊI understand that some French "Eau de Vie" also fit the Aquavitae ਀洀漀氀搀⸀ഊ ਀䠀洀洀 䤀 猀攀攀 愀 昀愀戀甀氀漀甀猀 挀漀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀攀爀洀猀 栀攀爀攀 ഊ ਀䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀  㴀 圀愀琀攀爀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀ഊAquavit = Water of life ਀䔀愀甀 搀攀 嘀椀攀 㴀 圀愀琀攀爀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀ഊUisge Beatha = Water of life ਀嘀漀搀欀愀 㴀 眀愀琀攀爀 ⴀ 䐀攀爀椀瘀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 ∀䰀椀琀琀氀攀 眀愀琀攀爀∀ ⠀攀渀搀攀愀爀洀攀渀琀⤀Ⰰ 倀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀 ഊ "Water of life" origin, run through the mill of slang. ਀ഊBrandu ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㈀㠀 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　　 ㄀　㨀㌀㈀㨀㌀㔀 ⴀ　㐀　　 ⠀䔀䐀吀⤀ഊFrom: Jenne Heise ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀䔀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 吀栀攀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀昀眀搀⤀ഊ ਀㸀 䐀漀 礀漀甀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀㼀  䤀✀洀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀Ⰰഊ> because a historical reference suggested that period distillates would have ਀㸀 戀攀攀渀 漀渀氀礀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 㐀　 瀀爀漀漀昀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 猀甀最最攀猀琀 琀栀愀琀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀ഊ> distillations put it up in the 170 to 190 proof range. ਀ഊThese were taken from the original printing: ਀ഊFrench, John. The art of distillation. (The second edition, to which is ਀愀搀搀攀搀Ⰰ 吀栀攀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀ⴀ搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀爀⤀ 倀爀椀渀琀攀搀 戀礀 䔀⸀ 䌀漀琀攀猀 昀漀爀 吀栀漀洀愀猀 圀椀氀氀椀愀洀猀ⰀഊLondon, 1653. ਀ഊHowever, there is are several online versions: ਀ഊArt of Distillation, John French. 1651. Facsimile online via University of ਀倀攀渀渀猀礀氀瘀愀渀椀愀Ⰰ 匀挀栀漀攀渀戀攀爀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 吀攀砀琀 愀渀搀ഊImage: http://www.library.upenn.edu/etext/collections/smith/french/ ਀吀攀砀琀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 漀渀氀椀渀攀 愀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀渀 愀氀挀栀攀洀礀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀㨀ഊhttp://www.levity.com/alchemy/jfren_ar.html ਀ഊJadwiga Zajaczkowa, mka Jennifer Heise jenne at tulgey.browser.net ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㈀㤀 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　　 ㄀㠀㨀㐀㔀㨀㐀㈀ ⴀ　㜀　　 ⠀倀䐀吀⤀ഊFrom: Terri Spencer ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀  匀䌀 ⴀ 䰀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 ⠀氀漀渀最⤀ഊ ਀䈀愀氀琀栀愀稀愀爀 漀昀 䈀氀愀挀欀洀漀漀爀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> Do we have any period recipes, or ਀㸀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀甀最最攀猀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀愀氀琀栀礀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀栀攀洀㼀 ഊ ਀匀甀最最攀猀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 愀氀氀 䤀✀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀⸀  吀栀椀猀 攀砀挀攀爀瀀琀ഊincludes most of the hints that I've pieced together. ਀ഊTemair ਀ഊ ਀䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀 眀愀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 洀愀搀攀 戀礀 愀氀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀栀礀猀椀挀椀愀渀猀Ⰰ 洀漀渀欀猀 愀渀搀ഊapothecaries...The professional secret started to spread as early as ਀琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀猀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 眀愀猀 搀椀猀猀攀洀椀渀愀琀攀搀⸀⸀⸀吀栀攀 䘀漀爀洀攀 漀昀ഊCurye, a collection of recipes from about 1390, includes a sotiltee ਀挀愀氀氀攀搀 䌀栀愀猀琀氀攀琀攀猀 ⴀ 瀀愀猀琀爀礀 挀愀猀琀氀攀猀 昀椀氀氀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 昀愀爀挀攀搀 洀攀愀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀爀攀洀攀猀⸀ഊThe recipe stipulates that one "serve it forth with ew ardaunt", that ਀椀猀 昀氀愀洀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀礀 瀀甀琀琀椀渀最 ∀琀栀攀爀攀漀渀 愀 氀椀琀攀氀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀攀 愀渀搀 焀甀攀渀 栀椀琀 椀猀ഊdresset in dysshes light hit with a wax candel and serve it forthe ਀戀爀攀渀渀礀渀最攀∀⸀  䴀愀椀琀爀攀 䌀栀椀焀甀愀爀琀Ⰰ 栀攀愀搀 挀漀漀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䐀甀欀攀 漀昀 匀愀瘀漀礀Ⰰ 眀爀漀琀攀 漀昀ഊfire-breathing animal entremets. This was accomplished by soaking ਀挀漀琀琀漀渀 椀渀 愀焀甀愀 愀爀搀攀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀挀椀渀最 椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀甀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀愀爀Ⰰ 瀀椀最氀攀琀 漀爀ഊswan, and lighting it just before presenting it. This contradicts the ਀挀漀洀洀漀渀 戀攀氀椀攀昀 琀栀愀琀 攀愀爀氀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 瀀爀椀洀椀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰഊproducing only low-proof waters, since the aqua ardans would have to be ਀愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 ㄀　　 瀀爀漀漀昀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 攀昀昀攀挀琀    ഊ ਀䄀 最爀漀甀瀀 漀昀 氀愀琀攀 昀漀甀爀琀攀攀渀琀栀ⴀ挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀猀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 欀渀漀眀渀 愀猀ഊGode Kokery includes a recipe for aqua vite, with simple distillation ਀搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀  ∀猀攀琀琀攀 琀栀椀 最氀愀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀爀Ⰰ 猀攀琀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 栀漀甀攀氀Ⰰ ☀ 欀攀瀀攀 椀琀ഊwel that the hete come not o it; & sette thervndir a viol, & kepe the ਀眀愀琀椀爀∀⸀ 䤀琀 挀漀洀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀ഊfor ypocras (spiced wine with sugar), clarrey (spiced wine with honey), ਀戀爀愀欀漀琀琀 ⠀猀瀀椀挀攀搀 愀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 栀漀渀攀礀⤀Ⰰ 洀攀搀攀 愀渀搀 瀀漀礀渀愀甀渀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 挀氀愀爀爀攀琀椀ഊ(spiced wine fortified with aqua ardaunt). These were the drinks of ਀琀栀攀 搀愀礀⸀  吀栀攀礀 攀渀挀漀洀瀀愀猀猀攀搀 最漀漀搀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 ⠀眀椀渀攀 愀渀搀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀 戀攀椀渀最 最漀漀搀 昀漀爀ഊyou), conspicuous consumption (imported luxury goods) and good taste. ਀ഊThough there is no definitive written record of recreational use of ਀洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 栀椀渀琀猀⸀  䰀攀最愀氀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀㐀㄀㄀ഊindicate that brandy was distilled at that time in the Armagnac region ਀漀昀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀⸀  䤀渀 ㄀㐀㤀㐀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䔀砀挀栀攀焀甀攀爀 刀漀氀氀猀 漀昀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀愀琀 愀 昀爀椀愀爀ഊwas granted 8 bolls of malt to produce uisge beatha (whiskey) for King ਀䨀愀洀攀猀 䤀嘀 ⴀ 攀渀漀甀最栀 昀漀爀 ㄀㔀　　 戀漀琀琀氀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀爀攀氀礀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀ഊfor medicinal purposes. ਀ഊIn Germany, Hausbrand (homebrew) was sold by vintners and inn-keepers. ਀䄀瀀漀琀栀攀挀愀爀椀攀猀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 愀 猀琀愀氀氀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀欀攀琀瀀氀愀挀攀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀渀最ഊdistilled brandies known as gebrannter wein, bernewein or brandwein to ਀琀栀攀椀爀 瀀愀琀爀漀渀猀Ⰰ 猀椀挀欀 漀爀 渀漀琀⸀  䤀渀 ㄀㐀㤀㌀ 愀 搀漀挀琀漀爀 眀爀漀琀攀㬀  ∀䤀渀 瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 琀栀攀ഊfact that everyone at present has got into the habit of drinking aqua ਀瘀椀琀愀攀 椀琀 椀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 挀愀渀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀ഊoneself to drink and learn to drink it according to one's capacities, ਀椀昀 漀渀攀 眀椀猀栀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀栀愀瘀攀 氀椀欀攀 愀 最攀渀琀氀攀洀攀渀⸀∀  吀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀愀椀渀琀猀 椀渀ഊsome European towns of people visiting the apothecary in the morning ਀昀漀爀 愀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 愀渀搀 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 琀椀瀀猀礀⸀  䈀礀 ㄀㐀㤀㘀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 琀漀眀渀ഊof Nuremberg had blue laws outlawing the sale of alcohol on Sundays and ਀昀攀愀猀琀 搀愀礀猀㬀 ∀䄀猀 洀愀渀礀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀眀渀 栀愀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀戀氀礀 愀戀甀猀攀搀ഊdrinking aqauvit, the town council warns earnestly and with emphasis ਀琀栀愀琀 昀爀漀洀 渀漀眀 漀渀Ⰰ 漀渀 匀甀渀搀愀礀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 栀漀氀椀搀愀礀猀Ⰰ 渀漀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀ഊshall be kept in the houses, booths, shops or market and even the ਀猀琀爀攀攀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀眀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀昀 猀愀氀攀 漀爀 瀀愀椀搀 挀漀渀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀∀⸀ഊ ਀䠀攀渀爀礀 琀栀攀 嘀䤀䤀䤀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 搀椀搀渀✀琀 琀愀砀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀爀椀攀猀⸀ 䰀愀眀猀 眀攀爀攀 瀀愀猀猀攀搀ഊin France in 1506 to license, track and control the production and ਀搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀⸀  䰀漀甀椀猀 堀䤀䤀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀瘀椀氀攀最攀 漀昀ഊdistilling brandy to the guild of vinegar-makers in 1514. They didn't ਀攀渀樀漀礀 椀琀 氀漀渀最⸀  䤀渀 ㄀㔀㌀㜀 䘀爀愀渀挀椀猀 䤀 搀椀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀瘀椀氀攀最攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀ഊvinegar-makers and the victuallers, leading to quarrels over the ਀瀀爀漀昀椀琀猀⸀  䈀礀 ㄀㔀㜀㔀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 䄀瀀漀琀栀椀挀愀爀礀✀猀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 栀攀氀搀 攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀ഊlicense for distilled products for external use, but had lost their ਀爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀⸀  吀栀漀猀攀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 愀ഊselect few, and in 1638 these distillers filed a charter as a separate ਀挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀⸀  吀栀攀 最爀漀眀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 最甀椀氀搀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀猀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀ഊtrack the production of aqua vitae reflect the generous profits ਀椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 椀渀 愀 昀愀猀琀 最爀漀眀椀渀最 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀⸀  吀栀愀琀 最爀漀眀琀栀 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 挀漀洀瀀氀愀椀渀琀猀ഊand limits on distribution and consumption are evidence that it was ਀戀攀椀渀最 甀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 愀戀甀猀攀搀 愀猀 愀渀 椀渀琀漀砀椀挀愀渀琀⸀  ഊ ਀䈀礀 ㄀㔀㔀㤀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀爀猀 椀渀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 椀渀ഊaddition to those with home distillatories. A Jewell House of Art and ਀一愀琀甀爀攀 戀礀 匀椀爀 䠀甀最栀 倀氀愀琀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 ∀琀栀攀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 洀攀渀∀ 椀渀 栀椀猀 挀漀洀瀀氀愀椀渀琀ഊthat the wine lees that should go to them are being used to adulterate ਀最漀漀搀 眀椀渀攀⸀  䄀 琀愀瘀攀爀渀 椀渀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 䰀攀 䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀 䠀漀眀猀攀 眀愀猀 漀瀀攀渀 戀礀ഊ1572. One hundred years later, by 1673, a petition to the English ਀倀愀爀氀椀愀洀攀渀琀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 ∀䈀攀昀漀爀攀 戀爀愀渀搀礀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 渀漀眀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀漀氀搀ഊin every little ale-house...we drank good strong beer and ale...and ਀嬀椀琀崀 搀椀搀 琀栀攀洀 渀漀 最爀攀愀琀 瀀爀攀樀甀搀椀挀攀㬀 椀琀 栀椀渀搀攀爀攀琀栀 渀漀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 眀漀爀欀Ⰰ 渀攀椀琀栀攀爀ഊdid it take away their senses, nor cost them much money, whereas the ਀瀀爀漀栀椀戀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 眀漀甀氀搀⸀⸀⸀瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䠀椀猀 䴀愀樀攀猀琀礀✀猀ഊsubjects many of whom have been killed by drinking thereof, it not ਀愀最爀攀攀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀ഊ ਀匀漀甀爀挀攀猀ഊAn Encyclopedia of Drinks & Drinking, Frederick Martin, Toronto, Coles ਀倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀　⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䄀爀琀 漀昀 䌀漀漀欀攀爀礀 䤀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀Ⰰ 吀攀爀攀渀挀攀 匀挀甀氀氀礀Ⰰ 䈀漀礀搀攀氀氀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰഊ1995. ਀ഊCurye on Inglysch, Edited by Constance Hieatt and Sharon Butler, Oxford ਀唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㔀⸀ഊ ਀䘀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 䘀攀愀猀琀 椀渀 吀甀搀漀爀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 䄀氀椀猀漀渀 匀椀洀Ⰰ 匀琀⸀ 䴀愀爀琀椀渀✀猀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㜀⸀ഊ ਀吀愀猀琀攀猀 漀昀 倀愀爀愀搀椀猀攀Ⰰ 䄀 匀漀挀椀愀氀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 匀瀀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 匀琀椀洀甀氀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀ഊIntoxicants, Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Translated by David Jacobson, ਀嘀椀渀琀愀最攀 䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㈀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 匀挀漀琀猀 䌀攀氀氀愀爀Ⰰ 䘀⸀ 䴀愀爀椀愀渀 䴀愀挀一攀椀氀氀Ⰰ 䔀搀椀渀戀甀爀最栀Ⰰ 䴀愀挀䐀漀渀愀氀搀 倀爀椀渀琀攀爀猀Ⰰഊ1956. ਀ഊThe Apothicary's Shop Opened, Volumes I & II, Hugh Petrie, Stuart ਀倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㠀⸀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2000 16:57:18 -0400 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀渀攀 䄀 匀攀攀氀礀攀ⴀ䬀椀渀最 㰀洀攀爀洀愀礀搀攀 愀琀 樀甀渀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: SC - Bols ਀ഊ> Lucas Bols began a liqueur distillery in Amsterdam in 1575; Amsterdam ਀眀愀猀 愀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 栀愀爀戀漀甀爀 琀漀眀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀愀眀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀ⴀ琀爀愀昀昀椀挀ഊof sugar, spices and herbs. [There follows a speculation about using ਀猀甀最愀爀 眀愀琀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 眀愀猀栀椀渀最 搀漀眀渀 猀眀攀攀琀ⴀ洀愀欀攀爀猀✀ 琀爀愀礀猀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀椀氀⸀  一漀ഊsupport here for this.] Bols is now a multinational, apparently. ਀㸀 䌀愀椀爀椀猀琀椀漀渀愀ഊ ਀䤀渀 漀渀攀 漀昀 洀礀 洀愀渀礀 猀洀愀氀氀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 戀漀漀欀氀攀琀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀爀猀Ⰰ 䤀ഊhave the Bols Liqueurs & Brandies booklet. The inside front cover reads ਀琀栀甀猀氀礀㨀ഊ ਀∀吀栀攀 匀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 䈀伀䰀匀ऀഊThe year ws 1575. Holland was on the brink of its "Golden Age", and out ਀漀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀椀氀 爀漀愀搀 琀漀 䠀愀愀爀氀攀洀 昀爀漀洀 䄀洀猀琀攀爀搀愀洀 愀 琀椀渀礀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 眀愀猀 戀攀椀渀最ഊconstructed. It was soon to be known as " 't Lootsje", -the "little ਀猀栀攀搀∀ 漀昀 䰀甀挀愀猀 䈀漀氀猀⸀  椀琀 眀愀猀 栀攀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 礀漀甀渀最 洀愀猀琀攀爀 猀琀椀氀氀攀爀 眀愀猀 琀漀ഊstart his career as Holland's most renowned maker of liqueurs and ਀戀爀愀渀搀椀攀猀⸀  圀漀爀欀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 愀 挀爀甀搀攀 欀攀琀琀氀攀 愀渀搀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀礀 戀攀猀琀 最爀愀椀渀猀Ⰰഊseeds, fruits, and herbs, Lucas coaxed subtle characteristics of scent ਀愀渀搀 琀愀猀琀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀漀爀⸀  ∀䐀漀 渀漀琀 洀甀琀椀氀愀琀攀 渀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ∀ 栀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 猀愀礀⸀  ∀䜀甀椀搀攀 栀攀爀ഊto perfection." Still today nature is being "guided" with the ageless ਀爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 䰀甀挀愀猀 䈀漀氀猀 漀瘀攀爀 㐀　　 礀攀愀爀猀 愀最漀⸀  吀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀ഊhave been handed down in confidence from father to son with the results ਀琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀氀椀挀愀琀攀 伀氀搀 圀漀爀氀搀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀 戀攀愀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䈀漀氀猀 渀愀洀攀 愀爀攀 愀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀ഊmost famous in the world." ਀ഊOn the back cover, the distributor information reads: ਀ 䰀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀 愀渀搀 䈀爀愀渀搀椀攀猀 ㌀　 ⴀ 㜀㠀 倀爀漀漀昀⸀  倀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 愀渀搀 䈀漀琀琀氀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀匀䄀ഊunder personal supervision of the Amsterdam Directors by Erven Lucas Bols ਀䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀Ⰰ 䰀漀甀椀猀瘀椀氀氀攀Ⰰ 䬀夀ഊ ਀䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀渀愀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: "Decker, Terry D." ਀吀漀㨀 ∀✀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最✀∀ 㰀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊSubject: ANST - Scotch whiskey (was - Wrasslin' with Saracens) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ ㌀　 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　　 ㄀㌀㨀　㤀㨀㌀㐀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊ ਀㸀 㰀㰀 吀漀漀 戀愀搀 眀攀 挀愀渀✀琀 瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 戀漀礀猀 愀琀 䈀愀渀渀漀挀欀戀甀爀渀 眀攀爀攀 昀椀爀攀搀 甀瀀 漀渀 猀挀漀琀挀栀 ഊ> whiskey. >> ਀㸀 䈀唀吀 吀䠀䔀夀 圀䔀刀䔀ⴀ  匀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 椀猀猀甀攀 昀漀爀 愀氀氀 䰀漀眀氀愀渀搀 昀椀最栀琀攀爀猀 ഊ> kits. Saw it in a document when at Edinburgh Castle about 6 years ago. All ਀㸀 栀愀搀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 挀愀渀琀攀攀渀 琀漀 栀愀渀最 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀栀漀甀氀搀攀爀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 漀昀 ഊ> life (single blend whiskey) ਀㸀 ഊ> Baron Bors of Lothian ਀ ഊLet me switch over to serious history mode on the question of whiskey at ਀䈀愀渀渀漀挀欀戀甀爀渀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀昀 琀栀攀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 礀漀甀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 搀愀琀攀猀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀氀礀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀ഊan interesting addition to the history of distillation. I certainly accept ਀琀栀攀 昀愀挀琀 琀栀攀 匀挀漀琀猀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 椀渀琀漀 戀愀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 猀攀爀椀漀甀猀ഊreservations that they did so at Bannockburn. ਀ഊThe date commonly given for Villanueve's brandy is 1299-1300. There is very ਀氀椀琀琀氀攀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 眀椀搀攀氀礀 欀渀漀眀渀 漀爀 甀猀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀ഊtime. The use of flammable spirits (at least 100 proof) appears in recipes ਀愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最氀礀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 甀猀愀最攀ഊappears in the 14th and 15th Century. ਀ഊBannockburn, where the Bruce engaged the English against over 3 to 1 odds ਀愀渀搀 爀漀甀琀攀搀 琀栀攀洀 昀爀漀洀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 漀挀挀甀爀爀攀搀 䨀甀渀攀 ㈀㐀Ⰰ ㄀㌀㄀㐀⸀  䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 洀漀猀琀ഊhistorians, aqua vitae, the Medieval white lightning, was relatively unknown ਀愀渀搀 瀀攀愀琀ⴀ猀洀漀欀攀搀 戀愀爀氀攀礀 猀椀渀最氀攀 洀愀氀琀 眀愀猀 猀漀洀攀眀栀攀爀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀⸀  䤀昀 琀栀攀ഊdocument dates to the first half of the 14th Century, then the historic view ਀漀昀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 搀爀愀猀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 椀搀攀愀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 眀愀猀 ∀椀猀猀甀攀搀∀ 氀攀愀搀猀 洀攀 琀漀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀ഊprobably dates no earlier than the mid-17th Century, after the unification ਀漀昀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 眀栀攀渀 匀挀漀琀猀 爀攀最椀洀攀渀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 爀愀椀猀攀搀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊArmy. ਀ഊBear ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㈀㌀ 䨀甀氀 ㈀　　　 ㈀㌀㨀㔀㤀㨀㐀㠀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: Stefan li Rous ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 吀攀焀甀椀氀氀愀 椀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀℀ഊ ਀䤀 猀愀眀 琀栀椀猀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 洀礀 氀漀挀愀氀ഊpaper today on Tequilla. Apparently the liquor is period, although not ਀瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 漀渀 愀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 戀愀猀椀猀 甀渀琀椀氀 ㄀㜀㠀㔀⸀ഊ ਀∀吀栀攀 氀椀焀甀漀爀 栀愀搀 椀琀猀 最攀渀攀猀椀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 愀 挀甀爀椀漀甀猀 匀瀀愀渀椀愀爀搀ഊdistilled fermented juice taken from the heart of the agave plants that ਀搀漀琀 琀栀攀 爀攀最椀漀渀⸀ 唀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀 戀氀甀攀 昀爀漀渀搀猀 眀攀爀攀 眀漀瘀攀渀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀ഊrooftops, baskets, rope and paper, while its root, a fruit resembling ਀愀 最愀爀最愀渀琀甀愀渀 瀀椀渀攀愀瀀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 眀愀猀 挀漀漀欀攀搀 愀猀 愀 搀攀氀椀挀愀挀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 琀愀猀琀攀 漀昀 栀漀渀攀礀ഊwater. ਀ഊBy 1795, Jose Maria Guadalupe Cuervo was given the first official ਀瀀攀爀洀椀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最 漀昀 匀瀀愀椀渀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 琀攀焀甀椀氀氀愀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀⸀∀ഊ- -- ਀䰀漀爀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀 氀椀 刀漀甀猀    䈀愀爀漀渀礀 漀昀 䈀爀礀渀 䜀眀氀愀搀    䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 漀昀 䄀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀ഊMark S. Harris Austin, Texas stefan at texas.net ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㌀ 匀攀瀀 ㈀　　　 　㜀㨀㐀㤀㨀　㤀 ⬀　㄀　　ഊFrom: "Melanie Wilson" ਀吀漀㨀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀䀀爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊSubject: Re: Old world Fruit (liqueurs and desserts) ਀ഊ<<< "Aqua vitae" - the water of life, described a clear alcoholic liquid. ਀吀栀攀爀攀ഊis a discussion going as to whether it was a clear brandy, early distilled ਀氀椀焀甀漀爀 漀爀 愀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 㸀㸀㸀ഊ ਀䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀 挀愀渀 猀琀椀氀氀 戀攀 戀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 洀愀渀礀 琀礀瀀攀猀 Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀攀爀攀ഊmay well have been in history, basically it seems to go take anything you ਀挀愀渀 琀甀爀渀 椀渀琀漀 䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀 ☀ 搀漀 猀漀 ℀℀ 䤀✀瘀攀 栀愀搀 愀 氀愀爀最攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀ഊproduced & home version in my travels & they vary a lot ! ਀ഊMel ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㌀ 匀攀瀀 ㈀　　　 　㠀㨀㐀㐀㨀㐀㌀ ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Wade Hutchison ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀䀀爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Old world Fruit (liqueurs and desserts) ਀ഊAqua Vitae is described in several period souces, including a 14th century ਀栀攀愀氀琀栀 䴀匀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 䘀漀爀洀攀 漀昀 䌀甀爀礀 戀礀 䠀椀攀愀琀琀 愀渀搀 䈀甀琀氀攀爀 ⠀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 䤀嘀⤀ഊIIRC, it has you mixing cinnamon and cloves(?) into wine and then distilling ਀椀琀 琀漀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 ∀䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀⸀∀  䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 琀攀爀洀 昀爀漀洀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 椀猀 ∀䄀焀甀愀 ഊArdente," or "strong water," which is also generally taken to be some form of brandy. ਀ഊI believe that the closest modern equivalent of Aqua Ardente would be Grappa, ਀琀栀攀 䤀琀愀氀椀愀渀 ∀昀爀攀猀栀∀ 戀爀愀渀搀礀⸀  吀栀攀 戀爀漀眀渀 挀漀氀漀爀 愀渀搀 洀甀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀洀漀漀琀栀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀ഊof modern brandies comes from aging in oak casks. I don't think that either ਀䄀焀甀愀 嘀椀琀愀攀 漀爀 䄀焀甀愀 䄀爀搀攀渀琀攀 眀愀猀 欀攀瀀琀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 氀漀渀最 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 愀最攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀洀漀漀琀栀ഊmellowness of a modern brandy. I base this mostly on the fact that if you ਀氀攀琀 椀琀 愀最攀 椀渀 漀愀欀Ⰰ 椀琀 搀漀攀猀渀✀琀 氀漀漀欀 氀椀欀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 愀渀礀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 渀漀眀 搀漀攀猀 椀琀㼀ഊ -----Gille MacDhnouill ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㌀ 匀攀瀀 ㈀　　　 　㤀㨀㈀㄀㨀㈀㘀 䔀䐀吀ഊFrom: ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀䀀爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Old world Fruit (liqueurs and desserts) ਀ഊwhutchis@bucknell.edu writes: ਀㰀㰀 䤀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 挀氀漀猀攀猀琀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 漀昀 䄀焀甀愀 䄀爀搀攀渀琀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 ഊGrappa, the Italian "fresh" brandy. >> ਀ഊGrappa is produced by fermenting the skins and stems left after the grapes ਀栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀攀搀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 洀愀猀栀 椀猀 琀栀攀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 ✀䜀爀愀瀀瀀愀⸀✀ ഊ ਀伀吀伀䠀Ⰰ 䌀栀爀椀猀琀椀愀渀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀猀 愀 挀氀攀愀爀 戀爀愀渀搀礀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 渀攀瘀攀爀 猀攀攀渀 眀漀漀搀⸀ ഊPerhaps that would be a viable alternative for aqua vitae. ਀ഊRas ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㌀ 匀攀瀀 ㈀　　　 ㄀㈀㨀㌀　㨀㌀㘀 ⴀ　㐀　　 ⠀䔀䐀吀⤀ഊFrom: Jenne Heise ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀䀀爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Old world Fruit (liqueurs and desserts) ਀ഊ> So it's not a tincture if you mix the herbs/spices in wine and then ਀㸀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀 琀栀攀 洀椀砀琀甀爀攀 琀漀 愀 栀椀最栀攀爀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀㼀  圀攀 渀攀攀搀 愀 最漀漀搀ഊ> term for this then. And, no, I've never seen one that included ਀㸀 猀眀攀攀琀攀渀椀渀最 椀琀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀最愀爀 漀爀 栀漀渀攀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀椀琀栀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 琀攀爀洀 椀猀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 眀愀琀攀爀猀⸀ഊTinctures are made by steeping something in alcohol (specifically ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀⤀⸀ഊ ਀㸀 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 琀眀漀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 昀漀爀 愀 眀栀漀氀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀ഊ> medicinal 'waters,' but they are both out of reach for the moment. ਀ഊJohn French's _Art of Distillation_ and Markham's _English Housewife_ ਀ഊJadwiga Zajaczkowa, mka Jennifer Heise jenne@tulgey.browser.net ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ ㄀㌀ 匀攀瀀 ㈀　　　 ㄀㈀㨀㔀　㨀㌀㠀 ⴀ　㐀　　ഊFrom: Ron Charlotte ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀ⴀ愀爀琀猀䀀爀愀瘀攀渀⸀挀挀⸀甀欀愀渀猀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: Re: Old world Fruit (liqueurs and desserts) ਀ഊAt 09:17 PM 9/12/00 -0500, KHvS wrote: ਀㸀䤀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ ∀吀愀欀攀 愀 䈀甀琀琀漀挀欀 漀昀 䈀攀攀昀攀Ⰰ∀ 戀礀 嘀攀爀椀琀礀 䤀猀椀琀琀Ⰰ 漀渀 瀀愀最攀 ㄀㜀㐀Ⰰ 椀猀 愀ഊ>recipe called "A Cordial Water of Sir Walter Raleigh. It reads... ਀㸀ഊ>"Take a Gallon of Strawberries, and put them into a pint of Aqua vitae, let them ਀㸀猀琀愀渀搀 猀漀 昀漀甀爀 漀爀 昀椀瘀攀 搀愀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀琀爀愀椀渀 琀栀攀洀 最攀渀琀氀礀 漀甀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀眀攀攀琀攀渀 琀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 愀猀ഊ>you please, with a fine Sugar, or else with perfume." ਀㸀ഊ>Now, I am not sure what Aqua vitae is (and I am hoping someone else on the list ਀㸀眀椀氀氀⤀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 爀攀搀愀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 ⠀最椀瘀攀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 瀀愀最攀⤀ 猀甀最最攀猀琀猀ഊ>using brandy. ਀㸀ഊ>KHvS (who has done some cordials, but never for competition) ਀ഊHere's the one, pre 17th century recipe that I have: ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊ ਀䔀砀挀攀爀瀀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 开吀栀攀 匀攀挀漀渀搀攀 瀀愀爀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀攀挀爀攀琀攀猀 漀昀 䴀愀椀猀琀攀爀 䄀氀攀砀椀猀 漀昀ഊPiemont --1563 (ISBN: 90-221-0839-2) ਀ഊTo make very good Aqua vitae. ਀ഊ Take wyne that is not to olde, that is to saye of a yere or smmewhat more ਀漀爀 氀攀猀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀攀琀 椀琀 戀攀 瘀攀爀礀 最漀漀搀Ⰰ 栀愀甀礀渀最 愀 最漀漀搀 漀搀漀甀爀㨀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀 椀琀 椀渀 愀ഊvessell of glasse hauynge a longe necke about fyve foote long, wyth a very ਀猀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 猀氀漀眀攀 昀礀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀愀欀攀 椀琀 甀瀀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 眀栀礀氀攀猀 椀琀 挀漀洀洀攀琀栀 昀甀爀琀栀攀ഊfaste, that is to saye, whan one droppe tarieth not for another, and it ਀猀栀愀氀戀攀 瘀攀爀礀 最漀漀搀 愀渀搀 瀀氀攀愀猀愀甀渀琀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀爀攀 猀栀愀氀戀攀 渀漀 琀栀椀渀攀 攀氀猀 戀甀琀 漀渀氀礀 琀栀攀ഊpart of the Wyne verye subtile and fine, true it is that it shalbe not very ਀栀漀琀攀Ⰰ 渀漀爀 戀甀爀渀攀 猀漀 洀甀挀栀 愀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 䄀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀攀猀 搀漀⸀ഊ ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊ ਀吀栀攀 猀瀀攀氀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀甀渀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀 漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀渀ഊEnglish translation of an original done about 10 years before in Italian, ਀猀漀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀 椀猀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 愀戀漀甀琀 ㄀㔀㔀　 漀爀 攀愀爀氀椀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀ऀ愀氀 吀栀愀愀氀椀戀椀 ⴀⴀ 䄀渀 䌀爀漀猀愀椀爀攀Ⰰ 吀爀椀洀愀爀椀猀ഊ Ron Charlotte -- Gainesville, FL ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㄀㐀 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　　 ㄀㘀㨀㈀㈀㨀㈀㤀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: "Daniel Phelps" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䠀漀氀氀愀渀搀猀 ഊ ਀圀愀猀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀㨀ഊwhy not aqua vitae out of Holland by way of the "gentlemen?" ਀ഊIf gin is what is meant, "Gin as we know it today seems to have been first ਀洀愀搀攀 戀礀 䘀爀愀渀挀椀猀ⴀ挀甀猀 搀攀 氀愀 䈀漀攀 ⠀㄀㘀㄀㐀ⴀ㜀㈀⤀∀⸀  䈀甀琀 戀礀 ㄀㔀㜀㔀 愀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 最椀渀ഊdistilled from rye was sold by Bols of Amsterdam. ਀ഊRegards aqua vitae Thaddeus of Florence (1223-1303)wrote a book about using ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀攀猀 琀椀琀氀攀搀 ∀䐀攀 嘀椀爀琀甀攀 䄀焀甀愀攀 嘀椀琀愀攀∀ 愀渀搀 椀渀 ㄀㌀㄀　 䄀爀渀愀甀搀 椀渀 爀攀昀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰഊin his book Liber de Vinis, to aqua vine, adds the comment "but some name it ਀⸀⸀⸀愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀∀  吀栀攀猀攀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀攀猀 漀昀 眀椀渀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 昀爀漀洀 ∀吀栀攀 倀攀渀最甀椀渀 䈀漀漀欀 漀昀 匀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 愀渀搀 䰀椀焀甀攀甀爀猀∀⸀ഊ ਀䐀愀渀椀攀氀 刀愀漀甀氀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 20:56:55 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 樀漀栀渀渀愀 栀漀氀氀漀眀愀礀 㰀樀漀栀渀渀愀 愀琀 猀椀琀欀愀⸀攀渀最椀渀⸀甀洀椀挀栀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊTo: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 䘀刀䔀䔀娀䤀一䜀 圀䤀一䔀ⴀⴀ匀漀甀爀挀攀猀ഊ ਀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 瀀愀瀀攀爀 漀渀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀ഊWilson, C. Anne. "Burnt Wine and Cordial Waters: The Early Days of Distilling" ਀䘀漀氀欀 䰀椀昀攀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㔀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㔀㐀ⴀ㘀㔀⸀ഊ ਀䄀氀猀漀 猀攀攀 䠀愀爀漀氀搀 䴀挀䜀攀攀✀猀 伀渀 䘀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 䌀漀漀欀椀渀最 眀栀椀挀栀 漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 戀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 猀栀攀氀昀 漀昀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀搀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 氀椀猀琀⸀⸀⸀ 椀琀 栀愀猀 愀 最漀漀搀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 氀椀猀琀 昀漀爀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀䨀漀栀渀渀愀 䠀漀氀氀漀眀愀礀ഊJohnnae llyn Lewis ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀∀ 㰀琀⸀搀⸀搀攀挀欀攀爀 愀琀 眀漀爀氀搀渀攀琀⸀愀琀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊTo: ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 䈀攀攀爀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀愀最攀猀 伀伀倀  圀䄀匀㨀刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 䴀夀 䐀䄀夀 䤀一 䌀䰀䄀匀匀ഊDate: Wed, 29 Jan 2003 23:16:47 -0600 ਀ഊ"Proof" as a measure of alcoholic strength is twice the percentage of ਀愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀⸀  䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀琀 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀ഊrather than simple fermentation, proofing actually starts about 20% or 40 ਀瀀爀漀漀昀⸀  䤀琀 搀攀爀椀瘀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 琀攀猀琀 漀爀 ∀瀀爀漀漀昀∀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀ഊbeverage. Whiskey that will let gunpowder burn is usually double or triple ਀爀甀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 最甀渀瀀漀眀搀攀爀 琀攀猀琀 椀猀 ∀瀀爀漀漀昀∀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀攀爀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 最攀琀 ㄀㤀㤀 瀀爀漀漀昀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 漀瀀攀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀ഊair hydrates the solution to about 190 proof (IIRC), which I believe is ਀䔀瘀攀爀挀氀攀愀爀✀猀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀漀昀⸀  吀眀攀渀琀礀 礀攀愀爀猀 愀最漀 䤀 眀愀猀 甀猀椀渀最 ㄀㤀㤀 瀀爀漀漀昀 洀攀琀栀愀渀漀氀ഊto flash dry photographic negatives. ਀ഊBear ਀ഊ ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀ伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊ>Proof was supposedly (as I remember being told) determined by whether upon ਀㸀戀甀爀渀椀渀最 愀 猀攀琀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 漀渀 猀漀洀攀 最甀渀瀀漀眀搀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀搀攀爀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀爀礀ഊ>enough to fire after the liquid was burned (GOD I hope that makes sense). ਀㸀吀栀愀琀 眀漀爀欀猀 漀甀琀 琀漀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 氀椀欀攀 㔀㈀ 漀爀 㔀㐀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 愀瀀瀀愀爀攀渀琀氀礀⸀ 䘀漀爀ഊ>some reason we here in North America settled on 50% as the number for ਀㸀∀瀀爀漀漀昀∀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 椀猀 瀀爀漀漀昀 椀昀 椀琀✀猀 㔀　─ 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀⸀ 䔀瘀攀爀挀氀攀愀爀 椀猀ഊ>almost 200 proof, as it's almost pure alcohol. Keeping alcohol from taking on ਀㸀眀愀琀攀爀 椀猀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 ⠀䄀⤀ 琀栀攀爀攀✀猀 猀漀 洀甀挀栀 漀昀 椀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀 愀渀搀 ⠀䈀⤀ഊ>the Alcohol molecule is sort of a ring that accepts the water molecule quite ਀㸀眀攀氀氀 琀栀愀渀欀礀漀甀瘀攀爀礀洀甀挀栀⸀⸀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀䌀漀爀眀礀渀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Tue, 14 Sep 2004 10:59:42 -0400 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䨀攀昀昀 䜀攀搀渀攀礀∀ 㰀最攀搀渀攀礀㄀ 愀琀 椀挀漀渀渀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] kumiss and aphrodisiacs ਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀㸀 䤀琀✀猀 氀椀欀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 戀攀椀渀最 䴀愀猀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀渀搀 䠀甀最攀氀礀 䤀氀氀攀最愀氀 愀渀搀 一漀ഊ> Matter How Scientific The Reason, No, You Still Can't Try To ਀㸀 䐀甀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀 䄀渀礀 伀昀 吀栀漀猀攀 一椀昀琀礀 刀攀渀愀椀猀猀愀渀挀攀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 䔀氀椀砀攀爀猀 䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀 圀攀 ഊ> At The BATF Said So. ਀ഊNow now, margaret, it is NOT illegal to distill... ਀ഊIt is just illegal to distill WITHOUT paying appropriate excise tax... ਀ഊ...and to facilitate the correct consideration of excise taxes you need ਀琀漀 昀椀氀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀 瀀愀瀀攀爀眀漀爀欀 愀渀搀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 ഊregular and surprise site inspection and records assessment, certain ਀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀戀氀攀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀攀挀甀爀攀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 ഊproduction equipment, in a nonresidential setting, with all recipes ਀昀椀氀攀搀 椀渀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䈀䄀吀䘀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀氀氀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 眀漀爀欀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 ഊaccounted for and stored separately. ਀ഊFailure to do all of these things is called Tax Evasion, and you can ਀最攀琀 爀漀礀愀氀氀礀 栀愀洀洀攀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 椀琀⸀ഊ ਀䤀Ⰰ 洀礀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀攀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 ഊexemptions and at possibly licensing a still... ਀ഊThe experimental distilled spirits exemption in 27CFR19.65 does not ਀爀攀愀氀氀礀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 ⴀⴀ 椀琀猀 椀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀甀攀氀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 ⴀⴀⰀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀 ഊof getting the exemption (personal appeal to the ATF director) is ਀搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 愀渀搀 甀渀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀琀礀 漀爀 猀漀 瀀愀最攀猀 漀昀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀 ഊbeverage spirits plant, but the smallest classification there is I ਀戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀Ⰰ 㐀㔀 吀䠀伀唀匀䄀一䐀 最愀氀氀漀渀猀 愀 礀攀愀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊThe ATF just does not believe and cannot actually conceive that ANYONE ਀眀漀甀氀搀 最漀 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀爀漀甀戀氀攀 漀昀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最 甀瀀 愀 猀琀椀氀氀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 ഊpurposes, so either you are legal commercial plant or a moonshiner, ਀愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 琀眀漀 眀愀礀猀 琀栀攀礀 琀栀椀渀欀 漀昀 礀漀甀⸀ഊ ਀⸀⸀⸀ 䈀吀圀Ⰰ 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 䄀吀䘀 爀甀氀攀猀 爀攀最愀爀搀椀渀最 琀愀砀攀猀Ⰰ 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 ഊpaperwork will apply as well to your home brewing and vintning, _if_ ਀礀漀甀 愀爀攀 甀渀眀椀猀攀 攀渀漀甀最栀 愀猀 琀漀 戀爀攀愀欀 琀栀攀 爀甀氀攀猀 爀攀最愀爀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 眀愀椀瘀攀爀 漀昀 琀愀砀 ഊliability... ਀ഊIf you sell your product, or give in exchange for any value any wine or ਀戀攀攀爀 礀漀甀 栀漀洀攀 戀爀攀眀Ⰰ 漀爀 礀漀甀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 琀漀漀 洀甀挀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 攀砀挀椀猀攀 琀愀砀 ഊregulations are no longer waived (and it is just a waiver of Taxes), ਀戀甀琀 琀栀攀渀 洀愀礀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 琀愀砀攀猀 漀眀椀渀最 琀漀 攀瘀攀爀礀搀爀漀瀀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 攀瘀攀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ഊthat now also becomes tax evasion. ਀ഊThe BATF is a branch of the Treasury, and has authority to sumarrily ਀猀攀椀稀攀 愀氀氀 礀漀甀爀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 愀渀搀 樀愀椀氀 礀漀甀爀 洀漀漀渀猀栀椀渀椀渀最 戀甀琀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀✀琀 ഊdo a thing about it until you are cleared in court. ਀ഊThey are not an agency one can flout with impunity. ਀ഊI suggest that everyone out there who home brews or makes wine be ਀琀栀漀爀漀甀最栀氀礀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀愀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀最愀爀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 眀愀椀瘀攀爀 漀昀 ഊtaxes, just as a matter of course. ਀ഊwine exemption is 27CFR24.75 ਀氀漀漀欀 栀攀爀攀 昀椀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀 㜀㔀 愀渀搀 挀氀椀挀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 昀椀氀攀㨀 ഊhttp://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/27cfr24_03.html ਀ഊBeer exemption is 27CFR25.205 ਀氀漀漀欀 栀攀爀攀 昀椀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀 ㈀　㔀 愀渀搀 挀氀椀挀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 昀椀氀攀㨀ഊhttp://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/27cfr25_03.html ਀ഊCapt Elias ਀䈀攀攀渀 琀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 搀漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 瀀甀氀氀攀搀 洀礀 栀愀椀爀 漀甀琀⸀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Thu, 25 Nov 2004 18:06:40 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䈀椀氀氀 䘀椀猀栀攀爀 㰀氀椀愀洀昀椀猀栀攀爀 愀琀 最洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] beer, wine, whiskey, scotch in food ਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀伀渀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㈀㔀 一漀瘀 ㈀　　㐀 ㄀㈀㨀㈀㄀㨀㌀㜀 ⴀ　㘀　　Ⰰ 匀琀攀昀愀渀 氀椀 刀漀甀猀ഊ wrote: ਀㸀 䌀愀搀漀挀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀攀搀㨀ഊ> Do we have any evidence of [distilled beverages] being used in period this ਀㸀 眀愀礀㼀 伀爀 椀渀 昀漀漀搀 愀琀 愀氀氀㼀ഊ> ਀㸀 匀琀攀昀愀渀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀 猀漀洀攀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀渀 椀琀 唀椀猀最攀 䈀攀愀琀栀愀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀搀攀挀攀猀猀漀爀 琀漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 䤀爀椀猀栀ഊWhiskey and Scotch, was around for centuries, but lacked the character ਀椀琀 栀愀猀 琀漀搀愀礀⸀  䄀氀猀漀⸀ 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 猀欀椀氀氀 椀琀 琀漀漀欀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 椀琀Ⰰ 椀琀ഊseems to have been used medicinally. ਀ഊ(taken from http://www.celtic-whisky.com/histrya.htm ) ਀䤀渀 栀椀猀 ∀䌀栀爀漀渀椀挀氀攀猀 漀昀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀∀ 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀ഊ1577, Raphael Holinshed describes as follows the incomparable virtues ਀漀昀 唀椀猀最攀 䈀攀愀琀栀愀 㨀ഊ ਀∀䈀攀椀渀最 洀漀搀攀爀愀琀攀氀礀 琀愀欀攀渀Ⰰഊit slows the age, ਀椀琀 挀甀琀猀 瀀栀氀攀最洀Ⰰഊit lightens the mind, ਀椀琀 焀甀椀挀欀攀渀猀 琀栀攀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀Ⰰഊit cures the dropsy, ਀椀琀 栀攀愀氀猀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀愀渀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰഊit pounces the stone, ਀椀琀猀 爀攀瀀攀氀猀 最爀愀瘀攀氀Ⰰഊit pulls away ventositie, ਀椀琀 欀攀攀瀀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀攀爀瘀攀猀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀搀 昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀爀氀椀渀最Ⰰഊthe eyes from dazzling, ਀琀栀攀 琀漀渀最甀攀 昀爀漀洀 氀椀猀瀀椀渀最Ⰰഊthe mouth from snuffling, ਀琀栀攀 琀攀攀琀栀 昀爀漀洀 挀栀愀琀琀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰഊthe throat from rattling, ਀琀栀攀 眀攀愀猀愀渀 昀爀漀洀 猀琀椀昀昀椀渀最Ⰰഊthe stomach from womblying, ਀琀栀攀 栀攀愀爀琀 昀爀漀洀 猀眀攀氀氀椀渀最Ⰰഊthe belly from wincing, ਀琀栀攀 最甀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 爀甀洀戀氀椀渀最Ⰰഊthe hands from shivering, ਀琀栀攀 猀椀渀攀眀猀 昀爀漀洀 猀栀爀椀渀欀椀渀最Ⰰഊthe veins from crumpling, ਀琀栀攀 戀漀渀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀挀栀椀渀最Ⰰഊthe marrow from soaking, ਀愀渀搀 琀爀甀氀礀 椀琀 椀猀 愀 猀漀瘀攀爀攀椀最渀 氀椀焀甀漀爀ഊif it be orderly taken." ਀ഊA remedy definitely miraculous and most indispensable ! ਀ഊCadoc ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ 㠀 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㐀 ㄀㠀㨀㈀　㨀㈀㠀 ⴀ　㘀　　ഊFrom: "Terry Decker" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 䠀愀爀搀 氀椀焀甀漀爀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 眀愀猀 䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀ഊ pants? ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀㸀 椀 猀攀攀洀 琀漀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 椀爀椀猀栀 眀攀爀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊ> 12th century. ਀㸀ഊ> cailte ਀ഊIIRC, this is just historical misinformation origin put out by a distillery ਀倀刀 昀氀愀欀⸀  䨀愀戀椀爀 椀戀渀 䠀愀礀礀愀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 愀渀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 猀琀椀氀氀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最ഊof the 9th Century and alembics have been used for many years, but the first ਀瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㄀㐀琀栀ഊCentury. Credit is often given to Arnaldus de Villa Nova (AKA Arnaud de ਀嘀椀氀氀攀渀甀攀瘀攀 䄀䬀䄀 䄀爀渀漀氀搀甀猀 嘀椀氀氀愀渀漀瘀愀渀甀猀⤀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀漀渀瀀攀氀氀椀攀爀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 昀漀爀ഊthe first distillation of brandy. ਀ഊBear ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ 㠀 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㐀 ㈀㄀㨀㈀㌀㨀㄀㌀ ⴀ　㘀　　ഊFrom: "Terry Decker" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 䠀愀爀搀 氀椀焀甀漀爀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 眀愀猀 䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀ഊ pants? ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀䤀 眀攀渀琀 爀漀漀琀椀渀最 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 䌀愀洀戀爀椀搀最攀 圀漀爀氀搀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 䘀漀漀搀 昀漀爀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀ഊhard liquor in period. The following comments and citations are based on ਀琀栀愀琀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀⸀ഊ ਀䈀攀愀爀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 眀椀琀栀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 椀猀 琀漀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 戀漀椀氀 漀昀昀 琀栀攀ഊalcohol and cool the vapors to collect the liquid distillate. The alembic ਀愀氀氀漀眀猀 琀漀漀 洀甀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀瀀漀爀 琀漀 挀漀漀欀 漀昀昀⸀  吀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀ഊbeverages primarily occurs after the development of the worm cooler and the ਀瀀漀琀 猀琀椀氀氀⸀ഊ ਀䌀甀氀琀甀爀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 刀漀洀愀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䴀漀猀氀攀洀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 愀瘀漀椀搀攀搀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀搀  ഊspirits. ਀ഊThere are 4th Century Chinese references to "strong wine" from the "western ਀爀攀最椀漀渀猀Ⰰ∀ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀愀琀椀挀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 愀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀ഊalcoholic concentration by freezing (refrigerator distillation). ਀一攀攀搀栀愀洀Ⰰ䨀漀攀猀瀀栀⸀ ㄀㤀㠀㐀⸀ 匀瀀愀最礀爀椀挀愀氀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ ∀匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 䌀椀瘀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䌀栀椀渀愀Ⰰ 嘀漀氀⸀ 㔀Ⰰ 倀愀爀琀 㐀∀Ⰰ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 㘀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 䤀爀椀猀栀 搀愀琀攀 椀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 琀椀攀搀 琀漀 愀 䈀甀猀栀洀椀氀氀✀猀 䐀椀猀琀椀氀氀攀爀礀 瀀椀攀挀攀ഊattributing the introduction of distillation to Ireland by St.Patrick. ਀䘀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 䠀攀渀爀礀 䤀䤀✀猀 椀渀瘀愀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀 ⠀㄀㄀㜀㄀ 䌀䔀⤀ 䤀爀椀猀栀 ∀眀椀渀攀∀ 眀愀猀 琀愀砀攀搀Ⰰഊwhich might mean mead, ale or whiskey. Old Bushmills claims its founding ਀昀爀漀洀 琀栀椀猀 搀愀琀攀⸀ഊ ਀䄀爀挀栀攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀 眀漀爀洀 挀漀漀氀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀氀攀洀戀椀挀 瀀漀琀猀 椀渀 唀氀猀琀攀爀 搀愀琀椀渀最ഊfrom the Late Middle Ages suggest that distillation was occurring. The size ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀攀猀猀攀氀猀 猀甀最最攀猀琀猀 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊMcDuire, E.B. 1993. Irish Whiskey: A history of the spirit trade, ਀搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 攀砀挀椀猀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀 椀渀 䤀爀攀氀愀渀搀 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀⸀ഊ ਀嘀漀搀欀愀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 猀琀愀爀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㘀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Fri, 05 Jan 2007 15:17:33 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀漀栀渀渀愀 䠀漀氀氀漀眀愀礀 㰀樀漀栀渀渀愀 愀琀 猀椀琀欀愀⸀攀渀最椀渀⸀甀洀椀挀栀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Sugar Cane ਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀一攀眀 戀漀漀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀ⴀⴀഊAnd a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten Cocktails ਀䤀琀✀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 攀愀爀氀礀 ㄀㜀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ഊJohnnae ਀ഊStefan li Rous wrote: ਀㸀 夀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀猀 昀愀爀 愀猀 䤀 挀愀渀 琀攀氀氀 爀甀洀 椀猀 瀀漀猀琀ⴀ瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ 伀爀 搀漀攀猀 猀漀洀攀漀渀攀ഊ> have contrary documentation? ਀㸀 匀琀攀昀愀渀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 22 Jun 2008 08:50:55 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀∀ 㰀琀⸀搀⸀搀攀挀欀攀爀 愀琀 眀漀爀氀搀渀攀琀⸀愀琀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Brewing...along similar lines... ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀㰀㰀㰀 伀渀 愀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 戀甀琀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 琀漀瀀椀挀⸀⸀⸀⸀挀愀渀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 最椀瘀攀 洀攀 愀渀 椀搀攀愀 漀昀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 渀漀琀 匀挀漀琀挀栀 椀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 椀渀 椀琀猀 愀渀琀攀挀攀搀攀渀琀猀㼀  䤀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 猀挀漀琀挀栀 昀氀漀眀攀爀ഊcordial that has turned out much better than I thought it would and would ਀氀椀欀攀 琀漀 攀渀琀攀爀 椀琀 椀渀 愀渀 甀瀀挀漀洀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀⸀   圀栀椀氀攀 䤀 欀渀漀眀 䤀 挀愀渀渀漀琀ഊdocument the cordial itself, it would be great if I could at least ਀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀⸀ഊ ਀䬀椀爀椀 㸀㸀㸀ഊ ਀∀吀漀 䘀爀椀愀爀 䨀漀栀渀 䌀漀爀Ⰰ 戀礀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 嘀䤀䤀䤀 戀漀氀氀猀 漀昀 ഊmalt." - Exchequer Rolls 1494-95, vol x, p. 487 ਀ഊLord High Treasurer's Accounts: "Et per liberacionem factam fratri Johanni ਀䌀漀爀 瀀攀爀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀甀洀 挀漀洀瀀漀琀漀爀甀洀 爀漀琀甀氀愀琀漀爀椀猀Ⰰ 甀琀 愀猀猀攀爀椀琀Ⰰ 搀攀 洀愀渀搀愀琀漀 搀漀洀椀渀椀 ഊregis ad faciendum aquavite infra hoc compotum viij bolle brasii" vol 1, p. ਀㄀㜀㘀⸀ഊ ਀䌀漀甀爀琀攀猀礀 漀昀 圀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀 ⠀愀渀搀 猀愀瘀椀渀最 洀攀 琀栀攀 栀愀猀猀氀攀 漀昀 琀爀礀椀渀最 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 琀栀攀 ഊreference), this is the first known record of distillation in Scotland. ਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 爀攀挀漀爀搀 漀昀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 渀漀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 洀攀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 氀攀最愀氀 ഊdefinition of Scotch whisky. Barley is the basic ingredient of Scotch, ਀愀焀甀愀瘀椀琀愀 椀猀 氀椀焀甀漀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 戀礀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䘀爀椀愀爀 䨀漀栀渀 䌀漀爀 眀愀猀 椀渀 ഊScotland, so it can be inferred that some form of Scotch whisky was produced ਀瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 ㄀㘀　　⸀ഊ ਀䄀 戀漀氀氀 椀猀 猀椀砀 戀甀猀栀攀氀猀 漀昀 最爀愀椀渀⸀ഊ ਀䈀攀愀爀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 22 Jun 2008 10:37:48 -0400 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䔀氀愀椀渀攀 䬀漀漀最氀攀爀∀ 㰀欀椀爀椀搀漀渀漀 愀琀 最洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Brewing...along similar lines... ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀猀Ⰰ 䈀攀愀爀⸀  䄀昀琀攀爀 猀攀渀搀椀渀最 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀Ⰰ 䤀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 椀渀 圀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀 愀渀搀ഊfound the same reference. I also followed one of their footnote links to a ਀瀀愀最攀Ⰰ 眀眀眀⸀眀栀椀猀欀礀⸀挀漀洀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀搀 愀 氀漀渀最攀爀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀礀 渀漀琀攀搀ഊthat in the 19th c. a still was invented that permitted the distillation of ਀最爀愀椀渀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 愀 氀椀最栀琀攀爀Ⰰ 氀攀猀猀 椀渀琀攀渀猀攀 眀栀椀猀欀礀 琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀ഊthen blended with the more potent malt whisky to produce what we now have as ਀戀氀攀渀搀猀⸀  䘀漀爀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 眀栀漀✀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀 眀漀渀搀攀爀昀甀氀 瀀愀最攀 琀栀愀琀 最椀瘀攀猀 愀ഊmore in-depth history. ਀ഊAs I said, I can't document the cordial itself...but I can at least document ਀琀栀攀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀⸀  䜀甀攀猀猀 琀栀愀琀✀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 搀漀℀ഊ ਀䬀椀爀椀ഊ ਀伀渀 匀甀渀Ⰰ 䨀甀渀 ㈀㈀Ⰰ ㈀　　㠀 愀琀 㤀㨀㔀　 䄀䴀Ⰰ 吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀 㰀琀⸀搀⸀搀攀挀欀攀爀 愀琀 眀漀爀氀搀渀攀琀⸀愀琀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊwrote: ਀㰀㰀㰀 ∀吀漀 䘀爀椀愀爀 䨀漀栀渀 䌀漀爀Ⰰ 戀礀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 嘀䤀䤀䤀 戀漀氀氀猀 漀昀ഊmalt." - Exchequer Rolls 1494-95, vol x, p. 487 ਀ഊBear >>> ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　㠀 ㄀㄀㨀㈀㤀㨀㐀㄀ ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: "Terry Decker" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 䈀爀攀眀椀渀最⸀⸀⸀愀氀漀渀最 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 氀椀渀攀猀⸀⸀⸀ഊTo: "Cooks within the SCA" ਀ഊ<<< There they noted that in the 19th c. a still was invented that permitted the distillation of grain-based alcohol, which produced a lighter, less intense whisky that was then blended with the more potent malt whisky to produce what we now have as blends. >>> ਀ഊThe column still which uses continuous fractional distillation rather than ਀猀椀洀瀀氀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  䄀 瀀漀琀 猀琀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀猀 㐀　ⴀ㔀　─ 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀⸀  䄀 挀漀氀甀洀渀 猀琀椀氀氀 ഊproduces over 90% alcohol. The practical limit is between 95-96% alcohol. ਀䄀戀漀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 栀礀最爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀搀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 ഊto keep it from absorbing moisture from the air. The still is also called a ਀瀀愀琀攀渀琀 猀琀椀氀氀Ⰰ 愀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 漀爀 愀 挀漀昀昀攀礀 猀琀椀氀氀 ⠀愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀漀爀⤀⸀ഊ ਀䤀琀 椀猀 愀渀 攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 搀攀猀椀最渀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 眀漀爀欀 搀漀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㠀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀㰀㰀㰀 䄀猀 䤀 猀愀椀搀Ⰰ 䤀 挀愀渀✀琀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀 椀琀猀攀氀昀⸀⸀⸀戀甀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 ഊdocument the ingredients. Guess that'll have to do! ਀ഊKiri >>> ਀ഊIf you can document the cordial process you used, then I would say you have ਀愀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀 ∀椀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀渀攀爀 漀昀∀⸀  一漀琀 愀渀 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 爀攀挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 ഊcertainly a historical interpretation worth considering. ਀ഊBear ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀甀渀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䨀甀渀 ㈀　　㠀 ㈀　㨀㐀㔀㨀　㜀 ⴀ　㔀　　ഊFrom: Stefan li Rous ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 䈀爀攀眀椀渀最⸀⸀⸀愀氀漀渀最 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 氀椀渀攀猀⸀⸀⸀ഊTo: SCA-Cooks maillist SCA-Cooks ਀ഊKiri asked: ਀㰀㰀㰀 伀渀 愀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 戀甀琀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 琀漀瀀椀挀⸀⸀⸀⸀挀愀渀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 最椀瘀攀 洀攀 愀渀 椀搀攀愀 漀昀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 漀爀ഊnot Scotch is period, at least in its antecedents? I have a scotch flower ਀挀漀爀搀椀愀氀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀猀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 漀甀琀 洀甀挀栀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 䤀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 椀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀渀搀 眀漀甀氀搀ഊlike to enter it in an upcoming competition. While I know I cannot ਀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀爀搀椀愀氀 椀琀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 最爀攀愀琀 椀昀 䤀 挀漀甀氀搀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀ഊthe ingredients. >>> ਀ഊPerhaps this will help. Unfortunately, I didn't finish reading it so ਀䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 栀漀眀 洀甀挀栀 漀昀 椀琀 挀漀瘀攀爀猀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 猀瀀愀渀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 ㄀㘀　　⸀  ഊPerhaps you can get from ILL. ਀ഊ"Scotch Whisky : A Liquid History" ਀䴀愀挀䰀攀愀渀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀ഊISBN: 1-84403-401-1 ਀䌀愀猀猀攀氀氀 䤀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀ഊ288 pages ਀ഊStefan ਀ⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀⴀഊTHLord Stefan li Rous Barony of Bryn Gwlad Kingdom of Ansteorra ਀    䴀愀爀欀 匀⸀ 䠀愀爀爀椀猀           䄀甀猀琀椀渀Ⰰ 吀攀砀愀猀           ഊ ਀ഊDate: Fri, 28 Nov 2008 11:26:01 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䔀氀愀椀渀攀 䬀漀漀最氀攀爀∀ 㰀欀椀爀椀搀漀渀漀䀀最洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Scottish cuisine (and now, blood dishes) ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀䀀氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 猀漀洀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀 搀椀搀 昀漀爀 愀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 愀 昀攀眀 洀漀渀琀栀猀 戀愀挀欀Ⰰ 椀琀ഊappears that single malt scotches were being made in Scotland in period ਀⠀昀椀爀猀琀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀琀 戀攀椀渀最 椀渀 ㄀㐀㤀㐀Ⰰ 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 眀眀眀⸀眀栀椀猀欀礀⸀挀漀洀⸀  䤀琀 眀漀甀氀搀ഊseem that these distillates were very strong, often to the point of being ਀搀愀渀最攀爀漀甀猀⸀ 䤀琀 眀愀猀渀✀琀 甀渀琀椀氀 ㄀㠀㌀㄀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 愀 洀攀琀栀漀搀 眀愀猀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀椀渀最ഊspirits from grain was invented...and therefore brought about the blending ਀漀昀 猀挀漀琀挀栀 愀渀搀 最爀愀椀渀 眀栀椀猀欀椀攀猀 戀礀 唀猀栀攀爀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㘀　⸀  吀栀攀 ㄀㐀㤀㐀 搀愀琀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀ഊprinted mention...in an Entry in Exchequer Rolls regarding Friar Cor making ਀愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 戀礀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最⸀  䴀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 ㄀㔀　　 戀漀琀琀氀攀猀ഊwere delivered, this indicates that distillation was already an established ਀瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀ഊ ਀䴀礀 洀愀椀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀ഊhttp://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jhb/whisky/history.html ਀愀渀搀 眀栀愀琀 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 瘀攀爀椀昀椀攀搀 漀渀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀攀戀 猀椀琀攀猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀⸀ഊ ਀䬀椀爀椀ഊ ਀伀渀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ 一漀瘀 ㈀㠀Ⰰ ㈀　　㠀 愀琀 㤀㨀㈀㠀 䄀䴀Ⰰ 吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀 㰀琀⸀搀⸀搀攀挀欀攀爀䀀愀琀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ<<< As I recall, the last time the subject came up, I found a reference that ਀瀀氀愀挀攀搀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 洀愀欀椀渀最 椀渀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 樀甀猀琀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  䈀甀琀 搀椀搀渀✀琀 昀椀渀搀ഊanything to tell me how similar or dissimilar it was to modern Scotch ਀眀栀椀猀欀攀礀⸀ 㸀㸀㸀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Fri, 28 Nov 2008 13:31:55 -0600 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀∀ 㰀琀⸀搀⸀搀攀挀欀攀爀䀀愀琀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Scottish cuisine (and now, blood dishes) ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀䀀氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 猀琀甀昀昀 戀攀椀渀最 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀 眀愀猀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀攀氀礀 甀渀戀氀攀渀搀攀搀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 ഊfrom malted barley, but there is no evidence for or against peat roasting ਀琀栀攀 戀愀爀氀攀礀 琀漀 最椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀洀漀欀攀礀 昀氀愀瘀漀爀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 猀椀渀最氀攀 洀愀氀琀猀⸀  䤀 ഊsuspect that peat may have been used to fire the malting kilns because it ਀眀愀猀 爀攀愀搀椀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 椀渀樀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀攀愀琀 猀洀漀欀攀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 ഊkilns is to perpetuate the tradition. ਀ഊGrains were distilled into alcohol well before 1831. The 1831 date is ਀焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀琀 眀愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㠀㌀　✀猀 眀栀攀渀 䌀漀昀昀攀礀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀 ഊstill, an improved version of Stein's columnar still. What the continuous ਀猀琀椀氀氀 搀椀搀 眀愀猀 琀漀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀 猀椀渀最氀攀 洀愀氀琀 琀漀 戀攀 椀渀昀甀猀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 最爀愀椀渀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 ഊsecondary distillation, easily producing blended whiskey. Grain whiskey and ਀戀氀攀渀搀攀搀 眀栀椀猀欀攀礀 愀爀攀 琀眀漀 搀椀猀琀椀渀挀琀氀礀 猀攀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀✀洀 渀漀琀 琀漀漀 栀愀瀀瀀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 礀漀甀✀爀攀 甀猀椀渀最⸀  䤀琀 最椀瘀攀猀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 ഊthat alcohol could be distilled as early as 800 BCE, but the alembics ਀挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀氀礀 猀琀愀爀琀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 ㄀　　　 䌀䔀⸀  吀栀攀 愀挀琀甀愀氀 ഊrecord of such distillation occurs between 300 to 400 years later. I would ਀愀氀猀漀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀　　 戀漀琀琀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 搀漀 渀漀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 猀椀稀攀 漀昀 琀栀漀猀攀 ഊbottles. According to MacLean, Fifteenth Century distillation used a more ਀瀀爀椀洀椀琀椀瘀攀 戀愀爀氀攀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 愀氀攀洀戀椀挀猀 漀爀 瀀漀琀 猀琀椀氀氀猀 ⠀眀栀椀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 ഊresearch supports), so their yield would be less than today. A boll is ਀爀漀甀最栀氀礀 ㈀㐀　 瀀漀甀渀搀猀Ⰰ 猀漀 攀椀最栀琀 戀漀氀氀猀 椀猀 爀漀甀最栀氀礀 㠀㜀　 欀最Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 ഊmodernly produce 350 liters of whiskey or about 466 bottles of 750 ml. 1500 ਀戀漀琀琀氀攀猀 椀洀瀀氀椀攀猀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 爀漀甀最栀氀礀 ㄀⼀㈀ 瀀椀渀琀⸀  䴀礀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀琀漀渀攀 挀爀漀挀欀猀 栀漀氀搀 愀琀 ഊleast a quart (and no, I never had a chance to ask my Grandfather what he ਀瀀甀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀洀⤀⸀ഊ ਀䴀愀挀䰀攀愀渀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀Ⰰ ∀匀挀漀琀挀栀 圀栀椀猀欀攀礀∀Ⰰ ㈀　　㔀Ⰰ 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 猀漀氀椀搀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 昀漀爀 ഊinformation about Scotch and its distillation. Good footnotes. ਀ഊBear ਀ഊ<<< According to some research I did for a competition a few months back, it ਀愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀椀渀最氀攀 洀愀氀琀 猀挀漀琀挀栀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 匀挀漀琀氀愀渀搀 椀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀ഊ(first mention of it being in 1494, according to www.whisky.com. It would ਀猀攀攀洀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 瘀攀爀礀 猀琀爀漀渀最Ⰰ 漀昀琀攀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀 漀昀 戀攀椀渀最ഊdangerous. It wasn't until 1831, when a method was invented for distilling ਀猀瀀椀爀椀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 最爀愀椀渀 眀愀猀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀攀搀⸀⸀⸀愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 戀氀攀渀搀椀渀最ഊof scotch and grain whiskies by Usher in 1860. The 1494 date is the first ਀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀⸀⸀⸀椀渀 愀渀  䔀渀琀爀礀 椀渀 䔀砀挀栀攀焀甀攀爀 刀漀氀氀猀 爀攀最愀爀搀椀渀最 䘀爀椀愀爀 䌀漀爀 ഊmaking ਀愀焀甀愀 瘀椀琀愀攀 戀礀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最⸀  䴀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 ㄀㔀　　 ഊbottles ਀眀攀爀攀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 愀渀 ഊestablished ਀瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀ഊ ਀䴀礀 洀愀椀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀ഊhttp://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jhb/whisky/history.html ਀愀渀搀 眀栀愀琀 䤀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 瘀攀爀椀昀椀攀搀 漀渀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀攀戀 猀椀琀攀猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀⸀ഊ ਀䬀椀爀椀 㸀㸀㸀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Fri, 28 Nov 2008 16:13:47 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀漀栀渀渀愀 䠀漀氀氀漀眀愀礀 㰀樀漀栀渀渀愀攀䀀洀愀挀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] Scottish cuisine (and now, blood dishes) ਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀䀀氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀䄀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 渀漀眀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 戀攀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 愀琀 椀猀㨀ഊC. Anne Wilson's Water of Life ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀搀猀瀀愀挀攀⸀搀椀愀氀⸀瀀椀瀀攀砀⸀挀漀洀⼀琀漀眀渀⼀氀愀渀攀⼀欀愀氀㘀㤀⼀猀栀漀瀀⼀瀀愀最攀猀⼀椀猀戀渀㐀㘀㌀⸀栀琀洀ഊ ਀䨀漀栀渀渀愀攀ഊ ਀㰀攀渀搀㸀ഊEdited by Mark S. Harris bev-distilled-msg Page 57 of 57 ਀ഊ