Vintng-Harvst-art - 4/5/09 ਀ഊ"A Vineyard Experiment" by Baron Damon Hroarsson. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: Vintng-Tools-art, Vintng-Proces-art, wine-msg, Eiswein-msg, yeasts-msg, brewing-msg, grapes-msg, beverages-msg, coopering-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 眀愀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀琀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ ഊ ਀吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 漀爀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀漀爀⸀ഊ ਀圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 眀椀氀氀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 最椀瘀攀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀 琀礀瀀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 挀栀攀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 昀椀爀猀琀 漀爀 挀栀攀挀欀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 瀀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀ⰀഊMark S. Harris...AKA:..Stefan li Rous ਀猀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊThis paper was originally entered in the Kingdom of Ansteorra Arts & Sciences Competition in 2008. ਀匀礀渀漀瀀猀椀猀㨀ഊThis is a collection of several documents written by Damon Hroarsson to outline multiple aspects of the vintners' trade as was done in period, the method, and the process by which Damon reproduces those methods. ਀ഊThe first document is a paper outlining a research project done to obtain an understanding of the labor required to harvest a commercially viable vineyard. This is then contrasted with data from a still extant period vineyard site which Damon visited to acquire data. ਀ऀ⠀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀Ⰰ 嘀椀渀琀渀最ⴀ䠀愀爀瘀猀琀ⴀ愀爀琀⤀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 愀瀀瀀攀渀搀椀砀 攀砀愀洀椀渀攀猀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀椀渀最 眀椀渀攀洀愀欀椀渀最 琀漀漀氀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ഊ (Available in the Florilegium as Vintng-Tools-art, ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最⼀昀椀氀攀猀⼀䈀䔀嘀䔀刀䄀䜀䔀匀⼀嘀椀渀琀渀最ⴀ吀漀漀氀猀ⴀ愀爀琀⸀栀琀洀氀  ⤀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 愀瀀瀀攀渀搀椀砀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀攀洀愀欀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 愀猀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 漀甀琀 戀礀 䐀愀洀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀椀猀漀渀猀 琀漀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀ഊ (Available in the Florilegium as Vintng-Proces-art, ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最⼀昀椀氀攀猀⼀䈀䔀嘀䔀刀䄀䜀䔀匀⼀嘀椀渀琀渀最ⴀ倀爀漀挀攀猀ⴀ愀爀琀⸀栀琀洀氀  ⤀ഊ ਀䠀䔀 䐀愀洀漀渀 䠀爀漀愀爀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ 吀栀攀 䈀愀爀漀渀 䈀漀爀爀攀渀搀栀氀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀倀攀爀猀漀渀愀攀㨀  ഊDamon Hroarsson was born second son to the Yarl of Hedeby's shipwright during the middle of the 10th. Century. This took him to sea and eventual command of his own ship the Vindanser. Given land and title to Burg Borrendöhl in Frankonia by Otto I, Damon tears his receding hair out trying to take care of his fief, learn the wine trade, and spend time with his former hostage, now wife, Ismet. ਀ഊHugh Niewoehner is an Electrical Engineer who designs flight simulators for training pilots of corporate and commercial aircraft. "Born and raised" in the Barony of Three Rivers in the fall of 1977 he was given a firm basis in the ideals of The Society by a number of the founding characters of the region which became Calontir. Relocated to Tulsa (Northkeep) in '87, Damon has tried to contribute to the continued growth and activity of his Barony and Kingdom. ਀ഊA Vineyard Experiment ਀戀礀 䈀愀爀漀渀 䐀愀洀漀渀 䠀爀漀愀爀猀猀漀渀ഊ ਀ഊThis paper will examine the results of an experiment designed to give myself a better understanding of the manpower required to operate the period vineyard and Winery. Essentially, "how much wine for how much vine" and "how many people to make it happen". This paper will give the details of my personal experiences and compare them with details from a period winemaking establishment. Following an analysis of the vineyard and harvest we will examine examples of period machinery and equipment found at locations in Europe where I gathered a significant amount of this information. ਀䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀㨀ഊI have been making wine for a number of years and growing sufficient grapes on our property to make a single 5 gallon batch of wine. I've long been curious about the number of people and amount of land required to sustain a productive vineyard using period methods and techniques as we know them. ਀ഊIn order to get a better feel for the method and scale of the harvest task, Ismet and I decided to assist in the harvest of a full scale vineyard gathering grapes for one of the Oklahoma wineries. In the summer of 2004 we assisted with the harvest of Merlot grapes at a vineyard in Holdenville OK to determine the weight of grapes and amount of area which could be harvested by an individual during a working day. ਀ഊThe modern data will be compared to data from medieval records I've been able to locate through books and travel to vineyards which have been under cultivation since the 10th century. For this project the period specifics will come from the records of the Clos de Vougeot, a former Cistercian monastery located in the province of Burgundia, France. ਀ഊThe Modern Data: ਀吀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀 眀攀爀攀 琀爀攀氀氀椀猀攀搀 漀渀 愀 搀漀甀戀氀攀 挀愀渀漀瀀礀 眀椀爀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 眀椀琀栀 搀爀椀瀀 椀爀爀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 漀瀀琀椀洀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀椀猀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 琀爀攀氀氀椀猀椀渀最 椀猀 愀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 愀渀搀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 礀椀攀氀搀猀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀⸀  吀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 猀瀀爀愀礀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀猀攀挀琀椀挀椀搀攀猀 漀爀 䘀甀渀最椀挀椀搀攀猀 琀漀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀⸀  吀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀猀 䤀✀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 猀琀甀搀礀椀渀最 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 甀猀攀搀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 氀椀渀攀 琀爀攀氀氀椀猀 眀椀琀栀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 ⠀爀愀椀渀⤀ 椀爀爀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 洀愀渀甀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 眀愀琀攀爀 戀礀 洀攀愀渀猀 漀昀 栀愀甀氀椀渀最 眀愀琀攀爀 椀渀 戀愀爀爀攀氀猀⸀   䤀渀 琀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀 琀漀 戀攀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀攀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 渀漀 愀瀀瀀愀爀攀渀琀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀 漀爀 椀渀猀攀挀琀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀爀漀瀀 琀栀漀甀最栀 礀椀攀氀搀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 甀猀攀 漀昀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 愀最爀椀挀甀氀琀甀爀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀⸀  吀栀攀 最爀漀眀椀渀最 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 眀愀猀 栀攀愀瘀礀 猀漀椀氀 眀椀琀栀 瘀攀爀礀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 猀氀漀瀀攀⸀  吀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 眀愀猀 挀氀攀愀爀 漀昀 爀漀挀欀 愀渀搀 琀爀攀攀猀 最椀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀猀 猀甀渀氀椀最栀琀 昀爀漀洀 搀愀眀渀 琀漀 搀甀猀欀⸀  ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 琀眀攀渀琀礀 昀漀甀爀 漀昀 甀猀 瀀椀挀欀椀渀最 昀爀甀椀琀 愀渀搀 ㌀ 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀椀氀氀攀搀 戀漀砀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀漀瘀椀渀最 戀漀砀攀猀 琀漀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀椀渀琀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 戀漀砀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 眀攀椀最栀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 猀琀愀挀欀攀搀 漀渀 愀 琀爀愀椀氀攀爀 昀漀爀 氀愀琀攀爀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀攀爀礀⸀  圀攀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 㤀 愀⸀洀⸀  愀渀搀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 甀渀琀椀氀 㐀 瀀⸀洀⸀ 眀椀琀栀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 栀愀氀昀 愀渀 栀漀甀爀 漀甀琀 昀漀爀 氀甀渀挀栀⸀  圀攀 眀攀爀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 昀漀甀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀挀爀攀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 瘀椀琀椀挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 昀愀爀洀⸀  圀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 ㌀Ⰰ㌀　　 氀戀猀⸀ 漀昀 䴀攀爀氀漀琀 最爀愀瀀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 最椀瘀攀 愀 礀椀攀氀搀 漀昀 㠀㈀㔀 氀戀⼀愀挀爀攀 漀爀 爀漀甀最栀氀礀 ㄀㌀　 氀戀猀 瀀攀爀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀 椀渀 㘀⸀㔀 栀漀甀爀猀⸀   䌀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀攀搀 漀甀琀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀洀攀猀 琀漀 ㌀㤀 洀愀渀 栀漀甀爀猀 瀀攀爀 愀挀爀攀⸀ഊ ਀唀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀 愀瘀攀爀愀最攀 漀昀  ㄀㌀ 琀漀 ㄀㔀 氀戀猀⸀ 漀昀 最爀愀瀀攀猀 瀀攀爀 最愀氀氀漀渀 眀攀 攀渀搀 甀瀀 眀椀琀栀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 ㈀㈀㜀 最愀氀氀漀渀猀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀椀猀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 漀爀 㔀㔀 最愀氀氀漀渀猀 漀昀 昀椀渀椀猀栀攀搀 眀椀渀攀 瀀攀爀 愀挀爀攀⸀    䘀爀漀洀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀 眀椀渀攀 洀愀欀攀爀猀Ⰰ ㈀　 愀挀爀攀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 愀挀爀攀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀 瘀椀愀戀氀攀 瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀⸀   唀猀椀渀最 㠀㈀㔀 氀戀⼀愀挀爀攀 礀椀攀氀搀 眀攀✀爀攀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 愀琀 ㄀㘀Ⰰ㔀　　 氀戀猀 昀爀漀洀 ㈀　 愀挀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀 昀椀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀昀 ㄀Ⰰ㄀　　 最愀氀氀漀渀猀⸀  䴀椀猀猀漀甀爀椀✀猀 猀洀愀氀氀攀猀琀 戀漀渀搀攀搀 眀椀渀攀爀礀 ⠀䜀氀漀爀椀愀 圀椀渀攀爀礀 椀渀 䌀愀戀漀漀氀⤀ 洀愀欀攀猀 ㌀Ⰰ　　　 最愀氀氀漀渀猀 瀀攀爀 礀攀愀爀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 戀愀爀攀氀礀 挀漀猀琀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀⸀  吀漀 洀愀欀攀 ㌀Ⰰ　　　 最愀氀氀漀渀猀 最椀瘀攀渀 琀栀攀 礀椀攀氀搀 攀渀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀 礀漀甀 眀漀甀氀搀 渀攀攀搀 㔀㔀 愀挀爀攀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 挀甀氀琀椀瘀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ㈀Ⰰ㄀㐀㔀 洀愀渀 栀漀甀爀猀 琀漀 瀀椀挀欀 㔀㔀 愀挀爀攀猀⸀  ഊ ਀吀栀攀 倀攀爀椀漀搀 䐀愀琀愀㨀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䌀氀漀猀 搀攀 嘀漀甀最攀漀琀Ⰰ 䈀甀爀最甀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀挀攀ഊ ਀䔀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 ㄀㈀琀栀⸀ 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 䌀氀漀猀 搀攀 嘀漀甀最攀漀琀 椀猀 愀 栀漀氀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀漀渀愀猀琀攀爀礀 漀昀 䌀琀攀愀甀砀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀攀渀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀甀爀最甀渀搀椀愀渀 爀攀最椀漀渀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 琀栀攀 䌀漀琀攀 䐀✀伀爀⸀  吀栀攀 氀愀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䌀漀琀攀 䐀✀伀爀 椀猀 愀 最攀渀琀氀礀 猀氀漀瀀椀渀最 瘀愀氀氀攀礀 椀搀攀愀氀氀礀 猀甀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 最爀漀眀琀栀 漀昀 最爀愀瀀攀猀⸀   吀栀攀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀漀渀愀猀琀攀爀礀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 洀漀搀攀猀琀  愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 氀愀渀搀⸀  䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 栀漀氀搀椀渀最 最爀攀眀 爀愀瀀椀搀氀礀 搀甀攀 琀漀 搀漀渀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 戀攀栀攀猀琀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀⸀  䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 漀渀攀 最椀昀琀 洀愀搀攀 戀礀 愀 氀漀挀愀氀 洀椀渀漀爀 氀愀渀搀栀漀氀搀攀爀 漀昀 ㌀ 伀甀瘀爀攀 漀昀 氀愀渀搀 ∀昀漀爀 瀀爀愀礀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀愀氀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀礀 瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 眀椀昀攀∀ 嬀㄀崀⸀   ഊ ਀䘀椀爀猀琀 猀漀洀攀 琀攀爀洀椀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀猀 愀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 愀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䌀氀漀椀猀琀攀爀 嬀㈀崀⸀ഊ ਀匀甀爀昀愀挀攀 䄀爀攀愀 琀攀爀洀猀㨀ഊAres: 1/10 Acre ਀伀甀瘀爀攀㨀 㐀⸀㈀㠀 䄀挀爀攀猀 ⠀䌀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 漀渀攀 搀愀礀猀 眀漀爀欀 昀漀爀 漀渀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀⸀⤀ഊJournal: 8 Ouvreé ਀䠀攀挀琀愀挀爀攀㨀 ㈀⸀㐀㜀 䄀挀爀攀猀ഊ ਀䰀椀焀甀椀搀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀㨀ഊQuartaût: 1/4 cask, 57 liters ਀䘀攀甀椀氀氀椀攀琀琀㨀ऀ㄀⼀㈀ 栀漀最猀栀攀愀搀Ⰰ ㄀⼀㈀ 挀愀猀欀Ⰰ 漀爀 ㄀㄀㐀 氀椀琀攀爀猀ഊPièce: Cask or Tun, 228 liters ਀儀甀攀甀攀㨀 ऀ㈀ 吀甀渀猀Ⰰ 㐀㔀㘀 氀椀琀攀爀猀ഊHectoliter: 100 Liters/26.41 gal ਀ഊA surviving 15th Century record at the Clos indicates that 50 hectacres yielded from 15 to 35 hectolitres of wine per hectacre depending on that year's harvest. ਀ഊ50 Hac. yields 1,500 to 3,500 liters/ Hac. Converted this amounts to 607 to 1,417 Liters per acre or 160 to 347 gallons per acre. Going back to the modern data of 55 gal/acre we can see that the "professional" growers of the period vineyard actually yielded much better than the modern, optimally trellised Oklahoma vineyard. ਀ഊIn order to continue the examination of the productivity of the period vineyard and winery we will look at the finished quantities produced. ਀ഊThe Brothers were able to obtain 153,000 liters ( 40,418.32 gal) from 496,039.5 lb yielding 235,000 bottles. Or, in my terms, roughly 12.57 pounds of fruit per gallon of yield. Not bad…their yield per pound of fruit is within range of those seen in vineyards which use lower irrigation volumes or several of the less meaty varietals such as the Cynthiana. ਀ഊThe Clos has under cultivation 130 Journeaux of vines + 4.5 Ouvreé & 29 Rods of vine inside the walls of the Clos. Working out the numbers it becomes 1,044.5 Ouvreé or 4,470.46 acres under cultivation. Taking our experimental value of 39 man hr/acre we arrive at 174,348 man hours to complete the harvest. ਀ഊThe grapes are at their optimal harvest period for 4 days. Today we know the exact timing of this period through the use of instrumentation and laboratory testing. Tradition, experience, and the science available in the 15th C. would bring the Vineyard master to similar conclusions. ਀ഊRecords give an average of 6.5 to 7.25 hours of daylight in the region of Burgundy during the months of August and September [3]. Personal experience participating in pickings and discussions with professional vineyard owners has shown that you can begin picking approximately half an hour before dawn and can continue until half an hour after sunset. For a working number I will use 7.5 hours and give the brothers one week to carry out the harvest. For an estimate of manpower requirements this equates to: ਀㄀㜀㐀Ⰰ㌀㠀㌀ 洀愀渀 栀漀甀爀猀 ⼀ ⠀㜀⸀㔀 栀漀甀爀猀 愀 搀愀礀 砀 㜀 搀愀礀猀⤀ 㴀 ㌀㌀㈀㄀ 洀攀渀⸀   ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䌀氀漀猀 栀愀搀 搀漀爀洀椀琀漀爀礀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀漀爀 ㈀　　⸀   䐀甀爀椀渀最 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 琀栀攀礀 挀漀甀氀搀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀 愀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀椀爀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀椀渀最 䄀戀戀攀礀 漀昀 䌀琀攀愀甀砀Ⰰ ㄀㠀 洀椀氀攀猀 愀眀愀礀⸀   䔀瘀攀渀 猀漀Ⰰ 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀礀 挀漀甀氀搀 挀漀洀攀 甀瀀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀漀爀琀 漀昀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 洀礀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 搀愀琀愀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀  匀漀Ⰰ 䤀 欀渀漀眀 洀礀 搀愀琀愀 椀猀 昀氀愀眀攀搀⸀  ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀⸀  ഊ ਠ∀ 倀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀⸀    圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 爀愀眀 搀愀琀愀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 漀甀琀 琀漀 ㄀㌀　 氀戀⸀ 瀀攀爀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀Ⰰ 愀氀氀 戀甀琀 㔀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀眀 眀攀爀攀 爀愀渀欀 愀洀愀琀攀甀爀猀 ⠀昀椀爀猀琀 琀椀洀攀爀猀⤀⸀   䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 瘀愀爀礀椀渀最 搀攀最爀攀攀猀 漀昀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 搀攀琀愀椀氀⸀   䤀猀洀攀琀 愀渀搀 䤀 攀愀挀栀 瀀椀挀欀攀搀 㠀ⴀ㄀　 挀爀愀琀攀猀 攀愀挀栀 愀琀 縀㌀㔀 瀀漀甀渀搀猀 瀀攀爀 眀栀椀氀攀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 洀愀渀愀最攀搀 琀漀 昀椀氀氀 漀渀氀礀 ㈀ 琀漀 㔀 挀爀愀琀攀猀⸀  䘀爀漀洀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀最椀漀渀 琀栀攀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀搀 瀀椀挀欀攀爀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　 挀爀愀琀攀猀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀椀洀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀 愀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀搀 挀爀攀眀 漀昀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀 琀漀 攀焀甀愀氀 漀爀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 琀栀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 䤀猀洀攀琀 愀渀搀 䤀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀⸀  吀栀攀礀 栀愀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀 漀瘀攀爀眀栀攀氀洀椀渀最 眀漀爀欀 攀琀栀椀挀⸀ഊ ਠ∀ 圀漀爀欀椀渀最 搀愀礀⸀  吀栀攀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀氀礀 眀椀氀氀椀渀最 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 洀甀挀栀 栀愀爀搀攀爀 昀漀爀 氀漀渀最攀爀 栀漀甀爀猀⸀  䐀甀爀椀渀最 漀渀攀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 䤀猀洀攀琀 愀渀搀 䤀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 礀攀愀爀猀 愀最漀 眀攀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 愀猀 猀漀漀渀 愀猀 椀琀 眀愀猀 氀椀最栀琀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀猀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 琀眀椀氀椀最栀琀 栀漀甀爀猀 礀漀甀 愀搀搀 昀漀甀爀 琀漀 猀椀砀 洀漀爀攀 栀漀甀爀猀 漀昀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀椀洀攀⸀  ഊ ਠ∀ 刀椀瀀攀渀椀渀最 挀礀挀氀攀⸀  吀栀攀 氀愀礀漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 漀昀昀攀爀攀搀 愀 猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  吀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀礀愀爀搀 挀漀瘀攀爀猀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀 猀氀漀瀀椀渀最 瘀愀氀氀攀礀⸀   䜀椀瘀攀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 最爀愀瀀攀Ⰰ  琀栀漀猀攀 瘀椀渀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 甀瀀瀀攀爀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀氀氀攀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 洀愀琀甀爀攀 猀氀椀最栀琀氀礀 攀愀爀氀椀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀漀猀攀 氀漀眀攀爀 搀漀眀渀⸀  ഊ ਠ∀ 儀甀愀氀椀琀礀 嘀愀爀椀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ∀䘀椀爀猀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最Ⰰ 一攀砀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 䌀栀甀爀挀栀Ⰰ  䘀椀渀愀氀氀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 洀愀渀⸀∀ⴀ 瀀爀漀瘀攀爀戀 猀攀攀渀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䴀漀渀愀猀琀攀爀礀⸀   吀栀攀 䌀椀猀琀攀爀挀椀愀渀 戀爀漀琀栀攀爀猀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 眀椀氀氀椀渀最 琀漀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 愀渀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 ✀椀搀攀愀氀✀ 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀   䘀氀愀瘀漀爀Ⰰ 愀氀挀漀栀漀氀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀ 眀漀甀氀搀 猀甀昀昀攀爀 戀甀琀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 挀漀洀攀 椀渀琀漀 瀀氀愀礀⸀  圀椀氀氀 礀漀甀爀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀 愀 氀漀眀攀爀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 琀栀漀甀最栀 猀琀椀氀氀 猀愀氀愀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀㼀   ഊHarvest Method ਀∀吀栀攀 搀攀洀愀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀椀琀椀挀甀氀琀甀爀愀氀 礀攀愀爀 愀爀攀 猀攀琀 漀甀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀琀栀ⴀ挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 挀栀愀爀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀戀戀攀礀 漀昀 䴀甀爀椀Ⰰ 猀漀甀琀栀眀攀猀琀 漀昀 娀甀爀椀挀栀⸀  䤀琀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 琀栀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 氀椀欀攀 氀漀漀猀攀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀漀椀氀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀猀 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 爀愀椀渀眀愀琀攀爀 眀漀甀氀搀 猀漀愀欀 椀渀 搀攀攀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 昀攀爀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瘀椀渀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 洀愀渀甀爀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀甀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀礀椀渀最 甀瀀 琀栀攀 猀栀漀漀琀猀Ⰰ 氀漀漀猀攀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀漀椀氀 愀最愀椀渀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 洀椀搀猀甀洀洀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀攀愀瘀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀栀愀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀甀渀⸀  伀渀挀攀 瀀椀挀欀攀搀Ⰰ 最爀愀瀀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 挀爀甀猀栀攀搀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀氀礀 戀礀 昀漀漀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀攀搀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀漀猀攀 搀攀猀琀椀渀攀搀 昀漀爀 戀攀琀琀攀爀ⴀ焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 眀栀椀琀攀 眀椀渀攀 眀攀爀攀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀搀 昀椀爀猀琀⸀  圀椀渀攀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀挀爀攀眀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀洀攀 氀愀爀最攀爀 愀猀 琀栀攀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀愀瀀攀猀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀⸀  匀洀愀氀氀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 瀀攀愀猀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 挀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 愀昀昀漀爀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀眀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 甀猀攀搀 琀栀漀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 氀漀爀搀猀 漀爀 眀攀愀氀琀栀椀攀爀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀猀Ⰰ 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 昀漀爀 瀀愀礀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 眀椀渀攀⸀  伀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 樀甀椀挀攀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀愀猀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 眀漀漀搀攀渀 戀愀爀爀攀氀猀 昀漀爀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  䈀愀爀爀攀氀猀 眀攀爀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 漀甀琀 漀昀 漀愀欀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀椀稀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀搀 戀礀 爀攀最椀漀渀⸀∀ऀ嬀䄀 匀栀漀爀琀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 圀椀渀攀Ⰰ 瀀㤀㜀崀 嬀㐀崀⸀ ഊ ਀䠀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ഊIn period the grapes were harvested in baskets and brought to the fermenting shed. ਀ഊThe baskets were strapped over the shoulder of the harvester and could be dumped into wagons or directly into the vats. This statue at the Clos illustrates the harvester with his basket. If we imagine carrying this basket loaded with fruit all day long we get a feel for the meaning the phrase "back breaking labor" Most modern wineries use plastic bins which hold approximately 35 lbs of fruit. These can be easily stacked and loaded on to vehicles for transport to the fermenting shed. ਀ഊ ਀伀渀挀攀  瀀椀挀欀攀搀 愀渀搀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀栀攀搀 琀栀攀 最爀愀瀀攀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀攀ⴀ猀琀攀洀洀攀搀⸀  匀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 搀攀ⴀ猀琀攀洀洀椀渀最 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 攀砀椀猀琀  伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 琀椀洀攀猀 愀爀攀 栀甀渀最 漀渀 琀栀攀 眀愀氀氀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀攀爀洀攀渀琀椀渀最 栀漀甀猀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䌀氀漀猀⸀  䄀 猀挀爀攀攀渀 猀栀愀瀀攀搀 氀椀欀攀 愀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 琀攀渀渀椀猀 爀愀挀欀攀琀Ⰰ 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀眀漀瘀攀渀Ⰰ 渀愀爀爀漀眀 戀爀愀渀挀栀攀猀 漀爀 爀漀瀀攀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 昀爀甀椀琀 琀漀 戀攀 猀琀爀椀瀀瀀攀搀 漀昀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀攀洀猀⸀   䤀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀攀搀 琀漀 最攀琀 愀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 椀琀攀洀猀 眀攀爀攀 栀甀渀最 椀渀 猀甀挀栀 愀 眀愀礀 愀猀 琀漀 戀攀 瀀漀漀爀氀礀 氀椀琀 愀渀搀 漀甀琀 漀昀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 洀礀 昀氀愀猀栀 甀渀椀琀⸀  ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 搀攀ⴀ猀琀攀洀洀攀爀Ⰰ 昀漀甀渀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 漀昀 圀椀渀攀 椀渀 䈀攀甀愀渀渀攀Ⰰ 眀漀爀欀猀 椀渀 愀 洀攀琀栀漀搀 瘀攀爀礀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀 瀀氀愀焀甀攀 漀渀氀礀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 搀愀琀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀琀栀 䌀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀    ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊCrushing was performed in the long romanticized method of just walking on the grapes in a large open topped vat. In this case the vats seen at left are of 16,000 liters capacity and the Clos has 26 of them. Here the grapes would undergo primary fermentation converting the sugars to alcohol and extracting tannins, etc. from the fruit prior to pressing. ਀吀栀攀 倀爀攀猀猀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 猀挀愀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀 戀礀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀椀渀最 椀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀椀稀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀漀漀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀愀氀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀攀昀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䌀氀漀猀 嘀漀甀最攀漀琀 栀愀猀 㐀 氀愀爀最攀 瀀爀攀猀猀攀猀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀攀搀 漀昀 伀愀欀⸀  䄀猀 漀昀 ㈀　　㔀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀愀椀搀 琀漀 戀攀 漀瘀攀爀 㜀　　 礀攀愀爀猀 漀氀搀⸀  䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀漀搀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 琀爀攀攀猀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 ㌀　　 礀攀愀爀猀 漀氀搀 眀栀攀渀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀攀搀⸀  吀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 攀砀攀爀琀 漀瘀攀爀 㜀 琀漀渀猀 漀昀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀爀甀椀琀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀欀攀琀⸀    ഊ ਀倀爀攀猀猀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀猀攀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 椀渀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀愀瀀攀猀琀爀椀攀猀⸀  䐀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 漀昀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀爀攀 猀琀椀氀氀 挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 猀栀漀眀渀 戀攀氀漀眀⸀ഊ ਀䰀攀昀琀㨀 䴀礀猀琀椀挀 瀀爀攀猀猀⸀ 䘀椀昀琀攀攀渀琀栀ⴀ挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 洀愀渀甀猀挀爀椀瀀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 刀椀戀攀愀甀瀀椀攀爀爀攀 䈀椀戀氀攀⸀ 匀甀爀爀漀甀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀 愀爀攀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀  漀昀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀攀 甀猀攀搀  椀渀 猀愀挀爀愀洀攀渀琀⸀ 倀甀戀氀椀挀 䰀椀戀爀愀爀礀 漀昀 䌀漀氀洀愀爀⸀  刀椀最栀琀㨀  䐀愀洀漀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 栀椀猀 瀀爀攀猀猀 愀琀 栀漀洀攀⸀ഊAs the grapes were transferred into the press, juice which comes out before pressure is applied is called the 'free run' juice. This free run must was collected into Oak barrels and aged separately from the must extracted by pressing. The free run wine was considered "premium" even as it is today. Wine made from the free run would be kept separate from the pressed juice. This Vin du Roi was then sent to the Pope or the King. Wine made from juice extracted by press would be was sold to support the monastery and it's works. ਀ഊThe wine, collected into oak barrels, would be aged in the cloisters "cellars" until ready for shipment and delivery. In the image below the entrance to the cellars can be seen at ground level. The Dormitory for the Cistercian Brothers is on the upper floor. ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊ ਀ഊThe Clos de Vougeot is, oddly enough, not located in part of the province where caves are readily available for the storage and aging of the wine. Instead an aging cellar was built of thick stone walls. This insured a chamber with a fairly consistent temperature and humidity for quality wine production. For comparison, Veuve Amiot (a small producer) in the Val d'Loire has 18 hectacres (44.46 acres) of tunnels carved into the chalk hillsides of St. Hilaire. ਀ഊHere is an example of an oak barrel used for aging, storage, and transport. During aging the wine picks up more tannin and flavor from the oak. Thick rope which had been waxed is wrapped tightly around the barrel. This would hold the barrel tightly together to prevent leakage in addition to providing some degree of protection to the wood staves when being moved around the winery and during delivery. Once the barrel arrived at it's ultimate destination the ropes would be cut away.[5] ਀ഊConclusion ਀ഊWhile the experiment succeeded in it's educational intent of helping me get a better perspective of harvesting a commercial vineyard in period, the numbers are not really useable to compare to the productivity of the period vineyard and vineyard workers. I guess this only means I'm going to have to try again. Yay! ਀ഊThanks to the experience gained through participation in several commercial harvest's my visit to the Clos de Vougeot definitely had more impact and I was better able to grasp the effort those Cistercian Brothers went through in gathering the harvest, crushing, pressing, and aging the wine. ਀ഊBibliography and source material ਀唀渀氀攀猀猀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 渀漀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀氀氀 瀀栀漀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀猀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 愀爀攀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀㨀ഊHugh and Belinda Niewoehner © 2008 ਀ഊPerson to person: ਀圀栀椀氀攀 䤀✀瘀攀 爀攀愀搀 愀 昀愀椀爀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 戀漀漀欀猀 䤀 洀甀猀琀 猀愀礀 琀栀愀琀 䤀✀瘀攀 最漀琀琀攀渀 洀礀 戀攀猀琀 琀椀瀀猀 漀渀 眀椀渀攀洀愀欀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀猀 䤀✀瘀攀 攀渀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀攀搀 椀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 唀匀⸀  䤀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 䄀渀搀爀攀眀 倀漀猀琀Ⰰ  䌀攀氀氀愀爀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀漀猀琀 䘀愀洀椀氀氀攀 圀椀渀攀爀礀Ⰰ 䄀氀琀甀猀 䄀刀⸀  ഊ ਀䄀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 圀椀渀攀  䠀⸀ 圀愀爀渀攀爀 䄀氀氀攀渀Ⰰ 䠀漀爀椀稀漀渀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㄀ഊA Short History of Wine Rod Phillips, Harper Collins, 2000 ISBN: 0-00-621282-0 ਀䄀氀挀漀栀漀氀椀挀 䐀爀椀渀欀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀⸀  ഊ Marc Shapiro. Complete Anachronist #60. Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc. ਀䄀渀挀椀攀渀琀 圀椀渀攀 ⴀ 吀栀攀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀猀 漀昀 嘀椀渀椀挀甀氀琀甀爀攀  ഊ Patrick McGovern Princeton University Press ਀䄀爀琀 漀昀 䴀愀欀椀渀最 圀椀渀攀Ⰰ 吀栀攀  匀琀愀渀氀礀 䘀⸀ 䄀渀搀攀爀猀漀渀 ㄀㤀㜀　 䤀匀䈀一㨀 　ⴀ㔀㈀㔀ⴀ㐀㠀㔀　　ⴀ㜀Ⰰ    䠀愀眀琀栀漀爀渀⼀䐀甀琀琀漀渀⸀ഊBOKE OF NURTURE, John Russell, dates from 1460-1470. ਀䌀䄀 䜀甀椀搀攀 琀漀 戀爀攀眀椀渀最Ⰰ 吀栀攀  䰀礀⸀ 䄀爀眀攀渀 䔀瘀愀椀渀攀 昀攀爀琀 刀栀礀猀 愀瀀 䜀眀礀渀攀搀搀⸀  ഊ Complete Anachronist #5. 1983, Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc. ਀䌀氀漀猀攀琀 漀昀 䬀攀渀攀氀洀 䐀椀最戀礀Ⰰ 䬀琀⸀ 伀瀀攀渀攀搀Ⰰ 吀栀攀  伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 ㄀㘀㜀㜀 ഊ Reprinted by Falconwood Press ਀䜀爀漀眀椀渀最 圀椀渀攀 䜀爀愀瀀攀猀  吀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 圀椀渀攀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 䤀匀䈀一㨀 　ⴀ㤀㘀㄀㤀　㜀㈀ⴀ　ⴀ㜀ഊMaking Mead. Bryan Acton & Peter Duncan 1978, SBN: 900841-07-9 ਀     䄀洀愀琀攀甀爀 圀椀渀攀洀愀欀攀爀 倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 䰀琀搀⸀ഊMaking of Melomels and Flower Metheglins, The ਀䠀椀猀 䜀爀愀挀攀 匀椀爀 匀栀愀搀愀渀 匀攀挀愀爀椀甀猀⸀  吀漀甀爀渀愀洀攀渀琀猀 䤀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀攀搀⸀  匀漀挀椀攀琀礀 昀漀爀 䌀爀攀愀琀椀瘀攀 䄀渀愀挀栀爀漀渀椀猀洀Ⰰ 䤀渀挀⸀ഊMaking Wild Wines and Meads Vargas and Gulling, Storey Books ISBN: 1-58017-182-6 ਀䴀攀渀愀最椀攀爀 搀攀 倀愀爀椀猀 ⠀㄀㌀㤀㌀⤀ ഊ I owned a copy but it disappeared. It can be found on-line at: http://www.best.com/~ddfr/Medieval/Cookbooks/Menagier/Menagier.html#BEVERAGES ਀吀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 䠀漀甀猀攀眀椀昀攀   䜀攀爀瘀愀猀攀 䴀愀爀欀栀愀洀 䔀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 䈀攀猀琀Ⰰ 䴀挀䜀椀氀氀ⴀ儀甀攀攀渀✀猀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀攀猀猀 ⠀匀攀瀀琀⸀ ㄀㤀㤀㐀⤀  䤀匀䈀一ⴀ㄀㌀㨀 㤀㜀㠀ⴀ　㜀㜀㌀㔀㄀㄀　㌀㌀ഊThe Forme of Cury (1390). ਀唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 圀椀渀攀 䌀漀甀爀猀攀Ⰰ  䴀愀爀椀愀渀 䈀愀氀搀礀 倀栀 䐀⸀  ഊ USC Davis dept. of Oenology and Viticulture ਀嘀椀攀爀欀愀 圀椀渀攀 戀漀漀欀Ⰰ 吀栀攀  䘀爀椀攀搀爀椀挀栀 匀愀甀攀爀Ⰰ 䬀⸀䜀⸀Ⰰ 匀琀甀琀琀最愀爀琀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀⸀  ഊWassail! In Mazers of Mead. G. Robert Gayre. 1986, Gayre, Gayre & Nigg. ਀    䤀匀䈀一 　ⴀ㤀㌀㜀㌀㠀㄀ⴀ　　ⴀ㐀  吀栀椀猀 椀猀 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 琀栀攀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀瘀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 䴀攀愀搀 洀愀欀椀渀最⸀ഊWine André Domainé, Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, Köln, Germany ਀圀椀渀攀 ⴀ 吀栀攀 㠀Ⰰ　　　 礀攀愀爀 漀氀搀 猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀攀 琀爀愀搀攀⸀  ഊ Thomas Pellechia Thunders Mouth Press, New York 2006 ਀圀椀渀攀洀愀欀攀爀✀猀 刀攀挀椀瀀攀 䠀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀⸀  刀愀礀洀漀渀搀 䴀愀猀猀愀挀挀攀猀椀 ㄀㤀㜀㘀⸀ഊWinemaking, Recipes, Equipment, and Techniques for making wine at home. ਀     匀琀愀渀氀攀礀 䘀⸀ 䄀渀搀攀爀猀漀渀 ☀ 䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀 䄀渀搀攀爀猀漀渀⸀ ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 䠀愀爀挀漀甀爀琀 䈀爀愀挀攀 ☀ 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀⸀ഊWinemaking, the Concentrate Method. Art Lynch 1988, Crosby and Baker Books. ਀䘀漀爀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀 礀攀愀猀琀 栀攀氀瀀 䤀✀瘀攀 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀攀搀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 䐀爀⸀ 䌀氀愀礀琀漀渀 䌀漀渀攀 漀昀 䰀愀氀氀攀洀愀渀搀 䤀渀挀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀 漀昀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 夀攀愀猀琀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀Ⰰ 䈀愀氀琀椀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀礀氀愀渀搀⸀  ⠀夀漀甀 攀渀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀 栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 眀栀攀渀 礀漀甀 漀瀀攀渀 琀栀愀琀 瀀愀挀欀攀琀 漀昀 䰀愀氀瘀椀渀 礀攀愀猀琀⤀⸀   ഊ ਀嘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䐀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 伀攀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 嘀椀琀椀挀甀氀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 唀⸀䌀⸀ ⴀ 䐀愀瘀椀猀⸀ഊ ਀䄀渀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 琀栀攀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瀀漀椀渀琀攀爀猀 最椀瘀攀渀 洀攀 戀礀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀 䜀攀爀愀氀搀 䜀漀漀搀眀椀渀攀⸀ഊ ਀倀愀爀琀椀愀氀 氀椀猀琀 漀昀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 䤀✀瘀攀 甀猀攀搀 ⠀瀀攀爀椀漀搀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀⤀㨀ഊ ਀䘀漀漀琀渀漀琀攀猀㨀ഊ ਀嬀㄀崀  刀攀挀漀爀搀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 氀攀搀最攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䌀氀漀猀 搀攀 嘀漀甀最攀漀琀Ⰰ 䈀甀爀最甀渀搀椀愀⸀ 䘀爀愀渀挀攀⸀  吀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 䰀攀 䴀甀猀攀 搀攀 䌀氀漀猀 搀攀 嘀漀甀最攀漀琀⸀ഊ [2] The following measurements of volume, acreage, etc. are extracted from books, pamphlets, translations of the records which exist at the Clos de Vougeot except where noted. Translated and published by Le Museé de Clos de Vougeot, Burgundia, France. ਀嬀㌀崀  䴀椀琀挀栀攀氀氀 䈀攀愀稀氀攀礀 䌀氀愀猀猀椀挀 圀椀渀攀 䰀椀戀爀愀爀礀Ⰰ  䈀甀爀最甀渀搀礀 戀礀 䄀渀琀栀漀渀礀 䠀愀渀猀漀渀⸀  伀挀琀漀瀀甀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 最爀漀甀瀀 䰀吀䐀⸀  䰀漀渀搀漀渀 ㄀㤀㠀㈀  䤀匀䈀一㨀 ㄀ 㠀㐀　　　 㤀㄀㌀ 㘀ഊ[4] A Short History of Wine Rod Phillips, Harper Collins, 2000 ISBN: 0-00-621282-0 ਀嬀㔀崀  䴀甀猀攀 搀攀 嘀椀渀Ⰰ 倀氀愀挀攀 搀攀猀 䐀甀挀猀 搀攀 䈀漀甀爀最漀最渀攀Ⰰ 䈀攀愀甀渀攀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀挀攀ഊ------ ਀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 ㈀　　㠀 戀礀 䠀甀最栀 一椀攀眀漀攀栀渀攀爀Ⰰ 㘀㤀㌀㄀ 匀⸀ 㜀㌀爀搀⸀ 䔀愀猀琀 䄀瘀攀⸀Ⰰ 吀甀氀猀愀 伀䬀Ⰰ 㜀㐀㄀㌀㌀⸀ 㰀戀甀爀最戀漀爀爀攀渀搀漀栀氀 愀琀 瘀愀氀漀爀渀攀琀 搀漀琀 挀漀洀㸀⸀ 倀攀爀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 匀䌀䄀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 挀爀攀搀椀琀攀搀⸀  䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 椀猀 渀漀琀椀昀椀攀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀昀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀猀 愀 挀漀瀀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀猀 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 愀渀 攀洀愀椀氀 琀漀 洀礀猀攀氀昀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 挀愀渀 琀爀愀挀欀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 爀攀瀀爀椀渀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀愀渀欀猀⸀ ⴀ匀琀攀昀愀渀⸀ഊ ਀㰀琀栀攀 攀渀搀㸀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊ?? ਀ഊEdited by Mark S. Harris Vintng-Harvst-art Page 12 of 12 ਀ഊ