bees-msg - 9/6/08 ਀ഊPeriod beekeeping. Notes on beekeeping now. ਀ഊNOTE: See also the files: bees-Markham-art, Beekeeping-AS-art, honey-msg, Pest-Control-art, basketweaving-msg, candles-msg, mead-msg, meadery-list-msg. ਀ഊ************************************************************************ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀 ⴀഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 䤀  栀愀瘀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀礀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 搀愀琀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀猀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀猀 礀攀猀琀攀爀搀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 昀椀氀攀 椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀椀氀攀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 匀琀攀昀愀渀✀猀 䘀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ ਀䤀  栀愀瘀攀 搀漀渀攀  愀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀洀漀甀渀琀  漀昀  攀搀椀琀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀  眀椀琀栀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀  眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀琀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀椀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 攀砀琀爀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀  洀攀猀猀愀最攀 䤀䐀猀  眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 挀氀甀琀琀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 洀礀 瘀椀攀眀瀀漀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀 洀愀欀攀  渀漀 挀氀愀椀洀猀  愀猀  琀漀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀  漀昀  琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀  最椀瘀攀渀  戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀  爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀  愀渀搀  攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 漀昀  琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀  琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀  挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀  漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀  椀猀  甀渀挀氀攀愀爀  愀琀 琀栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀昀  椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀  椀猀  瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀  昀爀漀洀  琀栀攀猀攀  洀攀猀猀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 最椀瘀攀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀Ⰰഊ Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous ਀                                          匀琀攀昀愀渀 愀琀 昀氀漀爀椀氀攀最椀甀洀⸀漀爀最ഊ************************************************************************ ਀ഊFrom: trifid at agora.rain.com (Roadster Racewerks) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㤀 䴀愀礀 㤀㄀ 　　㨀㄀㐀㨀㐀㤀 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Open Communications Forum ਀ഊHow old is the traditional STRAW beehive? You know, the round "beehive shaped" ਀搀漀洀攀搀 漀渀攀㼀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 猀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀氀 琀栀椀洀渀最Ⰰ 攀瘀攀渀 琀栀漀甀最栀 礀漀甀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 漀渀氀礀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀ഊpictures, and it's made by tightly bundling straw in long bundles about 1.5 inch ਀琀栀椀挀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀椀氀椀渀最 椀琀 愀爀漀甀渀搀Ⰰ 猀攀眀椀渀最 椀琀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 甀渀琀椀氀 椀琀 洀愀欀攀猀 愀 猀漀爀琀 漀昀 琀椀渀礀ഊstraw igloo for bees. I am of the impression this is quite old, but haven't ਀氀漀漀欀攀搀 椀琀 甀瀀 礀攀琀⸀ഊ ਀䔀氀愀椀渀攀 一椀挀䴀愀漀椀氀愀渀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: whheydt at PacBell.COM (Wilson Heydt) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㤀 䴀愀礀 㤀㄀ ㄀㔀㨀㌀㘀㨀㄀㌀ 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Pacific * Bell, San Ramon, CA ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊ ਀搀洀戀 愀琀 椀渀氀猀㄀⸀甀挀猀搀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀䐀漀甀最 䈀爀漀眀渀攀氀氀⤀ 眀爀椀琀攀猀㨀ഊ>Greetings unto the Rialto from Thomas Brownwell, ਀㸀ഊ>Milord Olafr Thordarson asks: ਀㸀㸀䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 琀栀椀渀欀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 戀攀攀栀椀瘀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀攀搀 甀渀琀椀氀 焀甀椀琀攀 氀愀琀攀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀吀栀攀 猀栀漀眀 搀椀搀渀✀琀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀猀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀ഊ>bees stationary, but the implication was that it was hard if ਀㸀渀漀琀 椀洀瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 琀漀 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀愀琀攀 琀栀攀洀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀洀ഊ>with suitable living conditions. I can certainly envision an ਀㸀椀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀漀甀猀 愀渀搀 戀爀愀瘀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 愀 栀椀瘀攀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 戀甀琀 椀琀ഊ>wasn't common. ਀ഊA good beginning book on beekeeping will have a historical section ਀猀栀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 琀爀愀搀椀漀渀愀氀 愀爀琀椀昀椀挀椀愀氀 栀椀瘀攀猀⸀  倀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 欀渀漀眀渀 椀猀ഊthe straw skep. That's the "beehive" shaped sort of basket-ish ਀氀漀漀欀椀渀最 琀栀椀渀最⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 最漀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 礀漀甀爀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 开吀爀攀猀 刀椀挀栀攀猀 䠀攀甀爀攀猀开Ⰰഊ(or similar works) you'll see examples. (At least I *think* I recall ਀猀攀攀椀渀最 愀 猀欀攀瀀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 漀昀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 瀀氀愀琀攀猀 ⸀ ⸀ ⸀⤀ഊ ਀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 椀猀 愀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 漀甀琀 氀漀最⸀ഊ ਀圀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 栀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 洀攀愀渀猀 琀漀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 漀甀琀ഊwithout having to destroy the physical structure--and thus keeping the ਀猀愀洀攀 最爀漀甀瀀 漀昀 戀攀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀渀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀ഊ ਀䤀琀 椀猀 琀爀椀瘀椀愀氀氀礀 攀愀猀礀 琀漀 最攀琀 戀攀攀猀 椀渀琀漀 愀 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 栀漀洀攀⸀  䨀甀猀琀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀ഊempty hive near a swarm of bees, and the odds are good taht they'll ਀洀漀瘀攀 爀椀最栀琀 椀渀⸀  䰀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀 洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 眀栀攀爀攀 礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 椀琀⸀ഊWhat's truly amazing is to see (literally) swarms of bees *walking* ਀椀渀琀漀 愀 栀椀瘀攀⸀ഊ ਀䨀甀猀琀 愀渀 䘀夀䤀 椀琀攀洀 昀漀爀 愀氀氀 漀昀 礀漀甀 愀漀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 ⸀ ⸀ ⸀  䄀 猀眀愀爀洀 漀昀 戀攀攀猀 椀猀ഊparticularly safe to be around (as compared to an occupied hive). The ਀戀攀攀猀 愀爀攀 昀甀氀氀 ⠀琀栀攀 ∀琀愀渀欀 甀瀀∀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀琀 眀攀爀攀Ⰰ 戀攀昀漀爀攀 猀眀愀爀洀椀渀最⤀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀ഊdon't yet have a home to defend. It is quite easy to work with a ਀猀眀愀爀洀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀渀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 最攀愀爀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 愀 瘀攀椀氀 椀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 愀 最漀漀搀 椀搀攀愀⸀ഊOn a pratical level, one can work a hive with bare hands--but the ਀昀椀爀猀琀 琀椀洀攀 礀漀甀 搀漀 猀漀 琀愀欀攀猀 愀 戀椀琀 漀昀 渀攀爀瘀攀 愀渀搀 椀琀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 琀愀欀攀猀ഊpatience. ਀ഊ --Hal, who used to keep bees. ਀ഊ Hal Ravn, Province of the Mists, West Kingdom ਀        圀椀氀猀漀渀 䠀⸀ 䠀攀礀搀琀Ⰰ 䨀爀⸀Ⰰ  䄀氀戀愀渀礀Ⰰ 䌀䄀 㤀㐀㜀　㘀Ⰰ  㐀㄀㔀⼀㔀㈀㐀ⴀ㠀㌀㈀㄀ ⠀栀漀洀攀⤀ഊ======================================================================= ਀䠀愀氀 䠀攀礀搀琀                    簀    倀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀 匀愀昀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀ഊAnalyst, Pacific*Bell | Use Kingdoms ਀㐀㄀㔀ⴀ㠀㈀㌀ⴀ㔀㐀㐀㜀                 簀     ⠀猀攀攀渀 漀渀 愀 戀甀洀瀀攀爀 猀琀椀挀欀攀爀⤀ഊwhheydt at pbhya.PacBell.COM | ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 匀吀䔀嘀䔀⸀䈀伀夀䰀䄀一 愀琀 漀昀昀椀挀攀⸀眀愀渀最⸀䌀伀䴀 ⠀匀琀攀瘀攀 䈀漀礀氀愀渀⤀ഊDate: 9 May 91 17:52:41 GMT ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊ ਀䜀爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀 漀渀挀攀 愀最愀椀渀 昀爀漀洀 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀甀洀洀攀爀 䌀漀甀渀琀爀礀⸀ഊ ਀䤀✀瘀攀 欀攀瀀琀 焀甀椀攀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 漀渀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 氀愀挀欀 漀昀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 椀渀 洀礀ഊresearch, but the topic keeps coming back and nobody else seems to ਀戀攀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀渀礀 氀甀挀欀 搀椀最最椀渀最 甀瀀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀椀琀栀攀爀℀ഊ ਀䠀攀爀攀✀猀 洀礀 搀椀氀攀洀洀愀 ⴀ 䤀 䬀一伀圀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 搀漀洀攀搀 猀琀爀愀眀 戀攀攀栀椀瘀攀 椀猀 挀攀渀琀甀爀椀攀猀ഊold, but I can't find a reference that will tell me when that form of ਀栀椀瘀攀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 眀椀搀攀猀瀀爀攀愀搀 漀爀 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀 漀爀 眀栀愀琀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 栀椀瘀攀猀ഊwere common. Beekeeping extends far back into prehistory, and the basic ਀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀氀攀 漀昀 戀攀攀猀 椀渀 瀀漀氀氀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀漀漀搀 昀愀爀 戀愀挀欀 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊpast, but I can't seem to find a good discussion of the history of the ਀愀爀琀 ⴀ 漀渀氀礀 戀漀漀欀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 栀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 栀椀瘀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 琀栀攀ഊbees healty and productive. ਀ഊAny academics out there have access to a good agricultural reference library? ਀䰀漀爀搀 吀愀爀愀渀 ⴀ 栀漀眀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 吀甀昀琀猀 瘀攀琀攀爀椀渀愀爀礀 氀椀戀爀愀爀礀㼀  伀爀 愀渀礀戀漀搀礀 愀琀 䌀漀爀渀攀氀氀㼀ഊHelp!! ਀ഊ(Heavens - if I could find enough information, I'd be able to have an ਀愀甀琀栀攀渀琀椀挀 栀椀瘀攀 漀爀 琀眀漀 椀渀 洀礀 嬀瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 搀椀猀琀愀渀琀 昀甀琀甀爀攀崀ഊmedieval garden!). ਀ഊ In hope of some assistance, ਀                                 ⴀ ⴀ 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀ഊ Visitor to Carolingia ਀                                     䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀猀琀ഊ Steve.Boylan at office.wang.com ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䐀䔀䜀刀伀䘀䘀 愀琀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀挀漀爀瀀⸀䌀伀䴀 ⠀䰀攀猀氀椀攀 䐀攀䜀爀漀昀昀⤀ഊDate: 9 May 91 18:58:03 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 吀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀ഊ To change topics, On bee's and bee keeping, someplace lost in ਀洀礀 洀攀洀漀爀礀 䤀 猀攀攀洀 琀漀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 挀攀爀愀洀椀挀 瀀漀琀猀 昀漀爀ഊhives, like the interesting post about straw hives it would ਀戀攀 愀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 愀渀搀 眀椀搀攀猀瀀爀攀愀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 爀攀愀挀栀⸀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: vnend at phoenix.Princeton.EDU (D. W. James) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㤀 䴀愀礀 㤀㄀ ㈀㄀㨀㄀㄀㨀㔀　 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: Princeton University ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊ ਀匀吀䔀嘀䔀⸀䈀伀夀䰀䄀一 愀琀 漀昀昀椀挀攀⸀眀愀渀最⸀䌀伀䴀 ⠀匀琀攀瘀攀 䈀漀礀氀愀渀⤀ 眀爀椀琀攀猀㨀ഊ)Here's my dilemma - I KNOW that the domed straw beehive is centuries ਀⤀漀氀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 挀愀渀✀琀 昀椀渀搀 愀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 琀攀氀氀 洀攀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀愀琀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀ഊ)hive became widespread or where it was used or what other types of hives ਀⤀眀攀爀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀        䤀 猀攀攀洀 琀漀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 愀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 挀漀愀琀 漀昀 愀爀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 琀栀爀攀攀 戀攀攀 栀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰഊso they are certainly period. ਀ ഊ)(Heavens - if I could find enough information, I'd be able to have an ਀⤀愀甀琀栀攀渀琀椀挀 栀椀瘀攀 漀爀 琀眀漀 椀渀 洀礀 嬀瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 搀椀猀琀愀渀琀 昀甀琀甀爀攀崀ഊ)medieval garden!). ਀⤀                                     匀琀攀瘀攀⸀䈀漀礀氀愀渀 愀琀 漀昀昀椀挀攀⸀眀愀渀最⸀挀漀洀ഊ ਀        䤀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 琀漀 匀攀漀渀愀椀搀 愀 䰀漀挀栀戀甀椀攀 氀愀猀琀 渀椀最栀琀⸀  匀栀攀ഊrecalls from her beekeeping class in college that this type of hive is ਀渀漀眀 椀氀氀攀最愀氀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀匀Ⰰ 猀椀渀挀攀 椀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 昀漀爀 攀砀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀ഊdisease in the hive. She also reports that they were made of rope as ਀眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 眀漀甀渀搀 猀琀爀愀眀⸀  夀漀甀✀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 挀漀洀攀 甀瀀 眀椀琀栀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀ഊlooks like the original but allows inspection, or use modern hives. ਀ഊKwellend-Njal ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䐀刀匀 愀琀 唀一䌀嘀堀㄀⸀䈀䤀吀一䔀吀 ⠀∀䐀攀渀渀椀猀 刀⸀ 匀栀攀爀洀愀渀∀⤀ഊDate: 10 May 91 17:40:00 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 吀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀ഊ ਀匀攀愀爀挀栀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀㨀 䘀 吀圀 䈀䔀䔀䬀䔀䔀倀䤀一䜀ഊSearch result: 210 records at all libraries ਀ഊ 1. ADAM, Brother, O.B.E. ਀      䈀攀攀ⴀ欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 愀琀 䈀甀挀欀昀愀猀琀 䄀戀戀攀礀 㨀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 洀攀愀搀洀愀欀椀渀最⸀ ㄀㤀㜀㔀ഊ 5. ADJARE, Stephen. ਀      吀栀攀 最漀氀搀攀渀 椀渀猀攀挀琀 㨀 愀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 漀渀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 昀漀爀 戀攀最椀渀渀攀爀猀⸀ ㄀㤀㠀㐀ഊ22. BENTON, Ralph. ਀     倀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀攀爀 愀渀搀 猀洀愀氀氀ഊ apiarist;. 1907 ਀㈀㐀⸀ 䈀刀伀圀一Ⰰ 刀⸀ 䠀⸀ഊ One thousand years of Devon beekeeping. 1975 ਀㌀㌀⸀ 䌀䠀䔀匀䠀䤀刀䔀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀欀 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀Ⰰ⸀⸀⸀ഊ Bees & bee-keeping; scientific and practical. A complete treatise on the ਀          愀渀愀琀漀洀礀Ⰰ⸀⸀⸀ ㄀㠀㠀㘀ഊ34. CHESHIRE, Frank Richard,... ਀     倀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 戀攀攀ⴀ欀攀攀瀀椀渀最㨀 戀攀椀渀最 瀀氀愀椀渀 椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀洀愀琀攀甀爀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀ഊ successful... 1879 ਀㌀㔀⸀ 䌀䰀䄀刀䬀Ⰰ 䔀搀⸀ 䠀⸀ഊ Constructive beekeeping,. 1918 ਀㐀　⸀ 䌀刀䄀一䔀Ⰰ 䔀瘀愀⸀ഊ The archaeology of beekeeping. 1983 ਀㐀㄀⸀ 䌀刀䄀一䔀Ⰰ 䔀瘀愀⸀ഊ Bees and beekeeping : science, practice, and world resources. 1990 ਀㐀㔀⸀ 䌀唀䴀䴀䤀一䜀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀Ⰰ ㄀㠀　㜀ⴀ㄀㠀㠀㄀⸀ഊ Bee-keeping. 1864 ਀㐀㜀⸀ 䐀䄀䐀䄀一吀Ⰰ 䌀⸀ 倀⸀ ㄀㠀㔀㄀ⴀ㄀㤀㌀㠀⸀ഊ Dadant system of beekeeping,by c. P. Dadant. 1920 ਀㔀㌀⸀ 䐀䤀䜀䜀䔀匀Ⰰ 䨀 䜀⸀ഊ The practical bee guide; a manual of modern beekeeping,. 1918 ਀㔀㜀⸀ 䐀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀㨀 愀 瀀漀挀欀攀琀 洀愀渀甀愀氀 漀昀 挀愀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 栀漀爀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀栀攀攀瀀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀爀礀ഊ ... with a chapter on bee-keeping. 1858 ਀㘀㤀⸀ 䘀刀䄀匀䔀刀Ⰰ 䠀攀渀爀礀 䴀愀氀挀漀氀洀⸀ഊ Beekeeping in antiquity. 1951 ਀㜀　⸀ 䘀刀䄀匀䔀刀Ⰰ 䠀攀渀爀礀 䴀愀氀挀漀氀洀⸀ഊ History of beekeeping in Britain. 1958 ਀㜀㌀⸀ 䜀䄀䰀吀伀一Ⰰ 䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀⸀ഊ Survey of a thousand years of beekeeping in Russia. 1971 ਀㤀㔀⸀ 䠀唀一吀䔀刀Ⰰ 䨀漀栀渀Ⰰ 䠀漀渀⸀⸀⸀⸀ഊ A manual of bee-keeping. 1875 ਀㄀㄀㤀⸀ 䴀䔀䰀䰀伀刀Ⰰ 䨀愀洀攀猀 䔀爀椀挀 䴀漀甀氀猀搀愀氀攀⸀ഊ Bee-keeping in Palestine and Egypt compared. June, 1927. 1929 ਀㄀㈀㄀⸀ 䴀䤀䰀䰀䔀刀Ⰰ 䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀 䌀⸀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㌀㄀ⴀ㄀㤀㈀　⸀ഊ A thousand answers to beekeeping questions,. 1917 ਀㄀㐀㜀⸀ 倀伀一䜀吀䠀䔀倀 䄀䬀刀䄀一吀䄀一䄀䬀唀䰀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㔀㄀ⴀഊ Beekeeping in Asia. 1986 ਀㄀㔀㐀⸀ 儀唀䤀一䈀夀Ⰰ 䴀漀猀攀猀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㄀　ⴀ㄀㠀㜀㔀⸀ഊ Mysteries of bee-keeping explained : containing the result of 35 years' ਀          攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⸀⸀⸀ ㄀㠀㘀㔀ഊ170. SMITH, Richard, of Quenington. ਀     吀栀攀 挀漀琀琀愀最攀爀猀✀ 戀攀攀ⴀ戀漀漀欀㨀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 爀攀洀愀爀欀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀ഊ bee-keeping, the... 1839 ਀㄀㤀㈀⸀ 圀䔀䈀匀吀䔀刀Ⰰ 圀⸀ 䈀⸀ഊ The book of bee-keeping. A practical and complete manual on the proper ਀          洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀⸀⸀⸀ ㄀㤀　㠀ഊ204. WELLS, Samuel R. 1820-1875. ਀     䐀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀㬀 愀 瀀漀挀欀攀琀 洀愀渀甀愀氀 漀昀 挀愀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 栀漀爀猀攀 愀渀搀 猀栀攀攀瀀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀爀礀㬀ഊ or, How to... 1858 ਀ഊ Robyyan Torr d'Elandris Dennis R. Sherman ਀     䬀愀瀀攀氀氀攀渀戀攀爀最Ⰰ 圀椀渀搀洀愀猀琀攀爀✀猀 䠀椀氀氀        䌀栀愀瀀攀氀 䠀椀氀氀Ⰰ 一䌀ഊ Atlantia drs at uncvx1.bitnet ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 瘀渀攀渀搀 愀琀 瀀栀漀攀渀椀砀⸀倀爀椀渀挀攀琀漀渀⸀䔀䐀唀 ⠀䐀⸀ 圀⸀ 䨀愀洀攀猀⤀ഊDate: 13 May 91 00:19:18 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 倀爀椀渀挀攀琀漀渀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀ഊ ਀䔀砀攀爀瀀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 ∀吀栀攀 䠀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䠀漀渀攀礀 䈀攀攀∀Ⰰ 攀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 䐀愀搀愀渀琀 愀渀搀 匀漀渀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㐀ⰀഊLib. of Congress CC# 63-15838 (No ISBN listed, sorry) ਀ഊChapter 1 ਀ഊThe World's Beekeeping -- past and present, by Eva Crane ਀ഊ Beekeeping up to 1500 ਀ഊ[Notes evidence of hives dating back to the stone age. Notes that ਀戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䔀愀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 漀昀 瀀漀琀琀攀爀礀 瘀攀猀猀攀氀猀 洀愀搀攀ഊfor bees back in the Neolithic (5000BC) and that this type of clay ਀瀀漀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀琀椀氀氀 椀渀 甀猀攀 琀漀搀愀礀 ⠀倀椀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 挀氀愀礀 瀀漀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀礀瀀攀 甀猀攀搀ഊin Lebanon and Israel today.) Egypt and adjoining regions used ਀瀀椀瀀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀一漀琀攀猀 甀猀攀 漀昀 戀愀猀欀攀琀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 栀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀漀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 ഊcoiled straw hive also dates back to the Neolithic. Notes that ਀眀椀挀欀攀爀 栀椀瘀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀⸀崀ഊ ਀∀倀爀椀洀愀琀椀瘀攀 栀椀瘀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 猀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀 眀愀渀琀攀搀 琀漀ഊencourage swarmdhs to populate his empty hives. Primitive beekeeping ਀挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀搀 漀昀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 欀椀氀氀椀渀最 琀栀攀ഊbees (for instance by plunging the hive into boiling water) to get the ਀栀漀渀攀礀 愀渀搀 眀愀砀⸀  䤀渀 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 䔀最礀瀀琀Ⰰ 猀洀漀欀攀 眀愀猀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 搀爀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 昀爀漀洀ഊtheir hive, and by ancient Roman times bees were fed. At some time in ਀琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䄀最攀猀Ⰰ 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀猀 搀攀瘀椀猀攀搀 愀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 眀攀愀爀 眀栀攀渀ഊhandling their hives (Fig. 6)." ਀ഊ[Figure six shows a figure in a long skirt, wearing an apron, long ਀猀氀攀攀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 戀氀漀甀猀攀搀 最氀漀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀 栀漀漀搀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 琀栀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 ഊopened before the face with a circular mesh. Part of it looks rather ਀爀椀最椀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 昀爀漀洀 匀攀戀愀猀琀椀愀渀 䴀甀㨀猀琀攀爀✀猀ഊ"Cosmographia", 1545. It includes two wicker hives about half the height ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀最甀爀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 愀猀 眀椀搀攀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 琀愀氀氀Ⰰ 搀漀洀攀ഊshaped.] ਀ഊ"Until the 16th century -- a significant one for the honey bee -- the ਀戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀✀猀 挀愀氀攀渀搀攀爀 爀攀洀愀椀渀攀搀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀氀礀 甀渀挀栀愀渀最攀搀㬀 椀渀 攀愀爀氀礀 猀甀洀洀攀爀 栀攀ഊcaught and hived the swarms which issued; in late summer he killed the ਀戀攀攀猀 椀渀 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 栀椀猀 栀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 挀甀琀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀戀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀椀渀攀搀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 昀爀漀洀ഊthe wax; in the fall, if necessary, he provided food in the remaining hives, ਀眀栀椀挀栀 栀攀 漀瘀攀爀眀椀渀琀攀爀攀搀⸀  䈀甀爀渀椀渀最 猀甀氀昀甀爀 眀愀猀 挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 欀椀氀氀椀渀最 琀栀攀 ഊbees. ਀ഊ"Little was understood as to what went on inside the hive, for the events ਀琀栀攀爀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 戀攀 猀攀攀渀⸀  䤀琀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 爀攀愀氀椀稀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 氀愀爀最攀 ∀欀椀渀最∀ 戀攀攀ഊwas in fact a female, the mother of the other bees in the hive, noe were ਀琀栀攀 猀攀砀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 搀爀漀渀攀猀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀漀漀搀Ⰰ 氀攀琀 愀氀漀渀攀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀琀猀 漀昀 洀愀琀椀渀最ഊbetween the queen and drone. It was not known that the bees themselves ਀猀攀挀爀攀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 眀愀砀 眀椀琀栀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀礀 戀甀椀氀琀 挀漀洀戀Ⰰ 渀漀爀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 瘀椀猀椀琀猀 琀漀 ഊflowers had anything to do with the formation of seeds and fruits." ਀ഊ Beekeeping--1500 to 1851 ਀ഊ"Three separate streams of events, each of great significance in the history ਀漀昀 戀攀攀猀 愀渀搀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最Ⰰ 眀攀爀攀 猀攀琀 椀渀 洀漀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㘀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀攀搀 漀渀ഊto Langstroth's advance in 1851. First, scientific and technical developements ਀攀渀愀戀氀攀搀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀猀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 昀愀挀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀昀攀 挀礀挀氀攀ഊand biology of their bees; second, and coupled with the first, there were ਀搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 最愀瘀攀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀猀 猀氀椀最栀琀氀礀 洀漀爀攀ഊcontrol over their bees; as well as greater opportunities for observing ਀琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀㬀 愀渀搀 琀栀椀爀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 戀攀攀猀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 猀瀀爀攀愀搀 漀瘀攀爀ഊtwo new continents, from one of which was to come the greatest single advance ਀椀渀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 挀爀愀昀琀 漀昀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀∀⨀䐀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䘀甀渀搀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 䘀愀挀琀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 䈀攀攀猀⸀⨀ 嬀攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀爀最椀渀愀氀崀 吀栀攀 ഊfirst description of the queen bee as a female, which laid eggs, was published ਀椀渀 匀瀀愀椀渀 椀渀 ㄀㔀㠀㘀Ⰰ 戀礀 䰀甀椀猀 䴀攀✀渀搀攀稀 搀攀 吀漀爀爀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀渀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀 䌀栀愀爀氀攀猀 䈀甀琀氀攀爀ഊshowed, in his _Feminine Monarchie_ (1609), that the drones were male bees, ਀愀渀搀 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 刀攀洀渀愀渀琀Ⰰ 椀渀 栀椀猀 开䐀椀猀挀漀甀爀猀攀 漀昀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀攀 漀昀 䈀攀攀猀开 ⠀㄀㘀㌀㜀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀ഊthe worker bees were females; Remnant had observed that they posessed "a ਀渀攀愀琀 瀀氀愀挀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瀀琀 漀昀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀 ⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀∀吀栀攀 昀愀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀攀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 爀愀椀猀攀 愀 焀甀攀攀渀 昀爀漀洀 攀最最猀 漀爀 瘀攀爀礀 礀漀甀渀最 氀愀爀瘀愀攀 眀愀猀ഊpublished in Germany in 1568 by Nickel Jacob, but the primary facts about ਀琀栀攀 洀愀琀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 焀甀攀攀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 搀爀漀渀攀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 甀渀琀椀氀 ㄀㜀㜀㄀⸀⸀⸀∀ഊ ਀∀⨀䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 䈀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 吀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀⨀∀ 嬀一漀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 漀渀攀 栀椀瘀攀ഊto keep several swarms over the winter, and a couple of tech. for "driving" ਀琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀⸀  䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 爀攀洀漀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀猀琀ഊdisturbance of the bees. This discussion is without dates, and that which ਀昀漀氀氀漀眀猀 椀琀 椀猀 愀氀氀 漀甀琀 漀昀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 氀愀琀攀爀 渀漀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 椀渀 䜀爀攀攀挀攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀ഊan unknown period of time that might well extend back into period, the ਀栀椀瘀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 甀瀀猀椀搀攀 搀漀眀渀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀 眀攀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀洀 瀀漀爀琀爀愀礀攀搀⸀  吀栀椀猀 挀愀甀猀攀搀ഊthe bees to attatch the comb to the slats that covered the top, rather ਀琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 猀氀漀瀀椀渀最 猀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀搀攀 昀漀爀 攀愀猀椀攀爀 爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀⸀  一攀眀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀攀挀栀⸀ഊreached England in 1682. It is noted that "Aristotle's account of the ਀氀椀昀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀 洀愀欀攀猀 椀琀 猀攀攀洀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 甀猀攀搀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 栀椀瘀攀猀 眀栀攀渀ഊwriting his _Natural History_."] ਀ഊ[Langstroth's discovery was the removable frame hive, the development ਀琀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀猀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀⸀ 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀⸀崀ഊ ਀䬀眀攀氀氀攀渀搀ⴀ一樀愀氀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: PORTERG at ruby.vcu.EDU (Greg Porter) ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㄀㐀 䴀愀礀 㤀㄀ ㄀㌀㨀㈀㠀㨀　　 䜀䴀吀ഊOrganization: The Internet ਀ഊ Greetings to the Rialto: ਀ഊ Bee folklore: I seem to remember reading that it was considered a ਀最漀漀搀 椀搀攀愀 琀漀 琀攀氀氀 漀渀攀✀猀 戀攀攀猀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 渀攀眀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀ 戀椀爀琀栀猀Ⰰ ഊdeaths, etc.). Otherwise, the hive might not prosper, and the bees would ਀氀攀愀瘀攀⸀  䤀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 椀搀攀愀⸀  䤀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀 琀漀 ഊspend time with his/her hive(s), thus noting potential problems early, and ਀洀愀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 愀 栀攀愀氀琀栀椀攀爀 栀椀瘀攀⸀ഊ ਀        䘀愀爀攀 眀攀氀氀Ⰰഊ ਀        䴀漀爀最愀渀 圀漀氀昀猀椀渀最攀爀 ⠀䌀愀琀栀攀爀椀渀攀 䐀攀䴀漀琀琀⤀ 戀礀 洀礀 氀漀爀搀✀猀 渀攀琀 愀挀挀攀猀猀ഊ Barony of Caer Mear, Atlantia ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 愀琀琀攀爀氀攀瀀 愀琀 瘀攀氀愀⸀愀挀猀⸀漀愀欀氀愀渀搀⸀攀搀甀 ⠀匀漀洀攀戀漀搀礀 䔀氀猀攀⤀ഊDate: 14 May 91 14:16:51 GMT ਀伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 伀愀欀氀愀渀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 刀漀挀栀攀猀琀攀爀 䴀䤀⸀ഊ ਀⠀䐀漀甀最 䈀爀漀眀渀攀氀氀⤀ 眀爀椀琀攀猀㨀ഊ> I can certainly envision an ਀㸀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀漀甀猀 愀渀搀 戀爀愀瘀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 愀 栀椀瘀攀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 戀甀琀 椀琀ഊ> wasn't common. ਀ഊ This is minimal information, but in the "Tres Riches Heures" (a French Book ਀漀昀 䠀漀甀爀猀 搀漀渀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 䐀甀挀 搀攀 䈀攀爀爀礀⤀ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 瀀椀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 愀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 漀昀 瀀攀愀猀愀渀琀猀Ⰰഊwith nothing more than a few sheep, an open barn in need of patching, a small ਀栀漀甀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 戀攀攀栀椀瘀攀猀⸀  䤀昀 戀攀攀栀椀瘀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 欀攀瀀琀 攀瘀攀渀 戀礀 瀀攀愀猀愀渀琀猀 琀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀ഊcouldn't have been all that uncommon. ਀  䐀漀攀猀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 栀愀瘀攀 洀漀爀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀㼀ഊ ਀                        䰀漀爀搀 䄀氀愀渀 䘀愀椀爀昀愀砀 䄀氀甀爀椀挀猀漀渀ഊ Canton of the Riding of Hawkland Moor ਀                        䈀愀爀漀渀礀 漀昀 一漀爀琀栀眀漀漀搀猀Ⰰ 䴀椀搀爀攀愀氀洀ഊ atterlep at vela.acs.oakland.edu ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䌀伀一匀⸀䔀䰀䘀 愀琀 愀椀搀愀⸀挀猀搀⸀甀甀⸀猀攀 ⠀∀崀欀攀 䔀氀搀戀攀爀最∀⤀ഊDate: 15 May 91 16:21:04 GMT ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊ ਀匀漀甀爀挀攀㨀ഊArchbishop Olaus Magnus: "History of the Nordic Peoples" ਀倀爀椀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 刀漀洀攀 䄀⸀䐀⸀ ㄀㔀㔀㔀⸀ഊ ਀∀䄀猀 琀栀攀 一漀爀搀椀挀 挀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀椀挀栀 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 琀栀椀渀最猀⸀⸀⸀琀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀 愀氀猀漀⸀⸀⸀ഊbeen blessed with an abundance of honey, and the people labor much ਀琀漀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 栀攀氀瀀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 琀愀欀攀渀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀ഊhives, the people have a custom to leave just enough thereof for the ਀礀漀甀渀最 戀攀攀猀 琀漀 氀愀猀琀 琀栀攀洀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 琀漀 猀愀礀 琀眀漀 琀栀椀爀搀猀⸀⸀⸀∀ഊ ਀嬀伀氀愀甀猀 最漀攀猀 漀渀 琀漀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀 䤀琀愀氀礀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 昀攀攀搀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 眀椀琀栀ഊshredded figs, dried grapes etcetera, but in Scandinavia these are ਀昀漀爀攀椀最渀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀攀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 瀀爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 氀攀愀瘀攀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀ഊthe honey.] ਀ഊ"In emergencies, instead of giving them honey, the people feed the ਀戀攀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 挀爀甀猀栀攀搀 戀攀愀渀猀 漀爀 瀀攀愀猀Ⰰ 挀漀漀欀椀攀猀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 瀀漀瀀瀀礀ⴀ猀攀攀搀Ⰰ 眀栀攀愀琀ഊflour moistened with mead, or with meat of freshly-slaughtered chickens, ਀猀栀爀攀搀搀攀搀⸀ 䈀甀琀 䄀爀椀猀琀漀琀氀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 栀椀猀 戀漀漀欀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀 ⠀戀漀漀欀 嘀䤀䤀䤀Ⰰഊchapter 14 and 17) writes that the ant, rat, mole and other insects ਀愀渀搀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀 栀椀搀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 氀愀椀爀猀 愀氀氀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 眀椀渀琀攀爀㬀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀琀ഊthe bees hide in their hives as long as the strong cold lasts, and do ਀渀漀琀 攀愀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀漀搀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 椀昀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 攀瘀攀爀 猀攀攀渀ഊto crawl out they look starved, with empty and transparent bellies." ਀ഊOlaus goes on to tell about bee keeping, most of which seems to have ਀戀攀攀渀 搀漀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 眀愀礀 愀猀 琀漀搀愀礀 ⠀猀甀爀瀀爀椀猀攀℀ 㨀ⴀ⤀⤀⸀ 䠀攀 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 爀攀最愀爀搀ഊthe swarming as an attempt by the bees to "escape" and tells of many ਀眀攀椀爀搀 眀愀礀猀 琀漀 氀漀挀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 猀眀愀爀洀 愀渀搀 最攀琀 椀琀 戀愀挀欀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 ⠀琀栀椀猀 猀漀甀渀搀猀ഊstrangest to me) glueing a thin thread on the back of a bee with some ਀瀀椀琀挀栀 愀渀搀 眀愀琀挀栀椀渀最 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 眀愀渀琀猀 琀漀 昀氀礀Ⰰ 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 氀漀渀攀氀礀 戀攀攀 椀猀 愀ഊ"scout" that wants to return to the main swarm. ਀ഊHe mentions that it is the law, that if a swarm of bees settles in a ਀挀栀甀爀挀栀 漀爀 戀攀氀昀爀礀Ⰰ 椀琀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀栀甀爀挀栀Ⰰ 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀ഊfor making candle wax. If the swarm settles on a cradle or on the ਀昀愀挀攀 漀昀 愀 猀氀攀攀瀀椀渀最 挀栀椀氀搀 ⠀℀⤀Ⰰ 椀琀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀栀椀氀搀Ⰰഊand this is seen as a good omen for the child who will become a fine ਀瀀攀爀猀漀渀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 猀愀椀搀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀攀搀 琀漀 匀愀椀渀琀 䄀洀戀爀漀猀椀甀猀⸀ഊ ਀䘀甀爀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 栀攀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀 䈀爀愀戀愀渀琀 愀渀搀 䘀氀愀渀搀攀爀猀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 洀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀猀ഊto the pasture lands in the summer because bees get more nourishment ਀琀栀攀爀攀⸀ 匀攀瘀攀爀攀 瀀甀渀椀猀栀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 椀渀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 眀栀漀 瀀氀甀渀搀攀爀猀 戀攀攀栀椀瘀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀吀眀漀 挀栀愀瀀琀攀爀猀 琀攀氀氀 漀昀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀愀琀 戀攀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 琀漀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀ഊfrom these. He notices that irritated bees may attack both humans and ਀愀渀椀洀愀氀猀⸀ 䔀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 最椀瘀攀渀 琀漀 愀琀琀愀挀欀 搀爀甀渀欀攀渀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 眀椀琀栀ഊstinking breath! ਀ഊOlaus gives advice on how to buy bees, how to recognize those that ਀愀爀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ ∀漀氀搀攀爀 戀攀攀猀 洀愀欀攀 猀眀攀攀琀攀爀 栀漀渀攀礀ഊthan young ones, because of the longer experience they have, but ਀琀栀攀礀 愀氀猀漀 猀琀椀渀最 眀漀爀猀攀∀⸀ 䈀攀攀猀 眀栀漀 栀愀瘀攀 戀爀漀欀攀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀攀攀ഊKing are said to commit suicide by stinging themselves! ਀ഊThese were just a few details from Olaus' book which has some ten ਀瀀愀最攀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 戀攀攀 欀攀攀瀀椀渀最⸀ഊ ਀圀椀氀氀椀愀洀 搀攀 䌀漀爀戀椀攀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: jab2 at stl.stc.co.uk (Jennifer Ann Bray) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: Period brewing and herbs... ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 ㈀㔀 一漀瘀 㤀㌀ ㄀㌀㨀㄀㐀㨀㐀㈀ഊOrganization: STC Technology Ltd., London Road, Harlow, UK. ਀ഊAlecost was used for brewing, I've got some growing in my back garden, ਀戀甀琀 猀愀搀氀礀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀渀✀琀 愀渀礀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀⸀ 匀漀 椀昀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 欀渀漀眀猀 眀栀愀琀 瀀愀爀琀 椀琀 搀椀搀ഊplay let me know. I suspect it was used like hops are now. ਀ഊThe fruit of the service tree was used to make beer in england, and ਀瀀甀戀猀 猀攀爀瘀椀渀最 愀氀攀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 昀爀甀椀琀 眀攀爀攀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 挀栀攀焀甀攀爀 瀀甀戀猀ഊbecause of the trees chequered bark. You can still find old pubs ਀挀愀氀氀攀搀 挀栀攀焀甀攀爀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 漀甀琀 猀攀爀瘀椀渀最 愀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀ഊservice tree. ਀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀 椀搀攀愀 椀昀 椀琀 栀愀搀 愀渀礀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀ഊguess its an old beverage because service trees won't seed in our ਀挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 挀漀氀搀 挀氀椀洀愀琀攀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀攀 挀甀猀琀漀洀 洀椀最栀琀 搀愀琀攀 琀漀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀ഊwas warmer a millenium ago? Nowadays the tree will grow from seed in ਀䘀爀愀渀挀攀 戀甀琀 椀猀 椀渀昀攀爀琀椀氀攀 栀攀爀攀 眀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 椀琀 挀愀渀 攀砀琀攀渀搀 戀礀 猀甀挀欀攀爀猀ഊfrom the root system. ਀ഊWhen the queen got into the supers of my beehives she layed brood all ਀漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 眀愀猀 愀 戀椀琀琀攀爀 琀愀猀琀椀渀最 栀漀渀攀礀⸀ 䤀渀 洀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀ഊbeekeeping where the queen was not restricted in her movements about ਀琀栀攀 挀漀氀漀渀礀 栀漀渀攀礀 昀氀愀瘀漀甀爀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 戀椀琀琀攀爀 戀爀漀漀搀 昀漀漀搀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀⸀ 圀攀ഊused the honey to brew a spicy metheglin and it tasted quite good, ਀瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀攀琀栀攀最氀椀渀 爀攀挀椀瀀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 甀猀攀 栀攀爀戀猀 漀爀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀 椀渀ഊmead were a result of brewers making best use of their worst honey? ਀䤀 猀甀瀀瀀漀猀攀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 焀甀椀琀攀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 眀栀攀爀攀愀猀 栀攀爀戀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 栀漀洀攀ഊgrown, so disguising a bad taste might be a more likely use for herbs ਀琀栀愀渀 猀瀀椀挀攀猀㼀ഊ ਀䨀攀渀渀椀昀攀爀ഊVanaheim vikings ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀⸀䄀⸀ 䈀爀愀礀 愀琀 戀渀爀⸀挀漀⸀甀欀ഊDate: 12/8/93 ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最ഊTo: Mark Harris ਀ഊ>What does this mean in non-beekeeper language? It sounds like the queen ਀㸀椀猀 欀攀瀀琀 椀猀漀氀愀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 愀爀攀愀猀 椀渀 愀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 栀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀ഊ>queen laid eggs and food? among the honey in your hive. Am I close? ਀㸀䠀漀眀 搀漀 礀漀甀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 焀甀攀攀渀 猀攀瀀攀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 栀椀瘀攀㼀ഊ ਀䄀瀀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀攀愀欀椀渀最 樀愀爀最漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 猀栀愀氀氀 琀爀礀 愀最愀椀渀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀⸀ഊ ਀䤀渀 愀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 栀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 焀甀攀渀渀 戀攀攀 ⠀眀栀漀 氀愀礀猀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 攀最最猀⤀ 爀漀愀洀猀 昀爀攀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊbottom part of the hive. There the young bees or brood are raised. For ਀琀栀椀猀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀砀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 挀漀洀戀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 椀猀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀ഊbrood box. ਀ഊThe queen is larger than the worker bees, so by putting a slotted mesh ਀戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 愀渀搀 琀漀瀀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀猀 挀愀渀 氀攀琀 眀漀爀欀攀爀 戀攀攀猀ഊinto the top of the hive whilst confining the queen to the bottom. ਀ഊThe boxes containing the combs at the top of the hive are called supers. ਀伀渀氀礀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀攀爀猀 栀愀瘀攀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀攀爀猀⸀ 䠀漀渀攀礀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 瀀漀氀氀攀渀 愀爀攀ഊstored in the supers. ਀ഊThe reason for all this is that honey tastes sweet and brood tastes bitter. ਀猀漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀猀 瀀爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 戀爀漀漀搀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 猀攀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 ഊfrom the honey storage area. Some african honey has a strong taste left ਀戀礀 戀爀漀漀搀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀琀 挀漀洀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 眀椀氀搀 挀漀氀漀渀礀猀 漀爀 挀漀氀漀渀礀猀 戀攀椀渀最 欀攀瀀琀 甀猀椀渀最ഊprimitive methods that don't allow the seperation of brood and honey. ਀ഊ(brood food is a white milky looking substance provided by the worker ਀戀攀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 戀爀漀漀搀⸀ 戀爀漀漀搀 昀漀漀搀 愀氀猀漀 琀愀猀琀攀猀 戀椀琀琀攀爀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀ഊsame as royal jelly except that royal jelly has more pantothenic acid. ਀䴀漀猀琀 爀漀礀愀氀 樀攀氀氀礀 猀漀氀搀 椀渀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 昀漀漀搀 猀栀漀瀀猀 椀猀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 戀爀漀漀搀 昀漀漀搀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀ഊa colony of bees produces very little royal jelly, but they produce lots ਀漀昀 戀爀漀漀搀 昀漀漀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀栀漀瀀猀 挀愀渀✀琀 琀攀氀氀 琀栀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀℀⤀ഊ ਀伀渀挀攀 愀 焀甀攀攀渀 栀愀猀 氀愀椀搀 戀爀漀漀搀 椀渀 愀 挀漀洀戀 椀琀 椀猀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀氀礀 琀愀椀渀琀攀搀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀ഊemerging adult bee leaves its larval skin behind coating the walls of the ਀挀攀氀氀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀欀椀渀 眀椀氀氀 氀攀愀挀栀 愀 戀椀琀琀攀爀 琀愀猀琀攀 椀渀琀漀 愀渀礀 ഊhoney stored in that cell. If a queen gets loose in the supers eec law ਀⠀攀攀挀 㴀 攀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 椀渀 挀愀猀攀 礀漀甀✀爀攀 渀漀琀 昀愀洀椀氀椀愀爀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀ഊterm)says honey from comb that has held brood may not be sold for human ਀挀漀渀猀甀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䴀攀 䤀 樀甀猀琀 琀甀爀渀 椀琀 椀渀琀漀 洀攀琀栀攀最氀椀渀 㴀 栀攀爀戀攀搀 漀爀 猀瀀椀挀攀搀 洀攀愀搀ഊ ਀䨀攀渀渀椀昀攀爀ഊ ਀ഊ[Submitted by: Donna Hrynkiw ] ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 㐀 䄀瀀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀 　㜀㨀　㘀㨀㔀㠀 䜀䴀吀ഊFrom: Dorothy J Heydt ਀吀漀㨀 猀挀愀 愀琀 洀挀⸀氀挀猀⸀洀椀琀⸀攀搀甀ഊSubject: "Killer" Bees (was Fire Ants) ਀ഊGlenn S. Lyford wrote: ਀㸀䤀 栀攀愀爀搀 ⠀愀渀搀 礀漀甀 洀愀礀 猀甀瀀漀漀爀琀 漀爀 搀攀戀甀渀欀 椀昀 礀漀甀 欀渀漀眀 洀漀爀攀⤀ 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀ഊ>that the europeans brought over with them were so tame that they were ਀㸀漀渀 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀最攀 漀昀 攀砀琀椀渀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 氀愀挀欀 漀昀 昀攀椀猀琀椀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀猀ഊ>of the "fierce" colonial bees were added to strengthen them. ਀ഊHaving kept bees, and done a certain amount of research, ... ਀ഊMy information is that there were no colonial, hive-building, ਀栀漀渀攀礀戀攀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀 䠀攀洀椀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀猀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀ഊthem in. Some Native American language, I'm told, renders "bee" ਀愀猀 ∀眀栀椀琀攀 洀愀渀✀猀 昀氀礀⸀∀ഊ ਀一漀眀Ⰰ 椀琀 挀愀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 戀攀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 栀漀渀攀礀戀攀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀ഊaggressive they are, the more honey they'll produce. This holds ਀甀瀀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 礀漀甀✀爀攀 琀愀氀欀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 瘀猀⸀ 䄀昀爀椀挀愀渀 戀攀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀渀攀ഊstrain versus another, or even just one colony compared to another: ਀愀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 戀攀氀氀椀最攀爀攀渀琀 栀椀瘀攀 漀昀 戀攀攀猀 椀猀 愀 瀀愀椀渀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀礀✀氀氀 戀攀ഊlikelier to attack you just on general principle, but they'll ਀愀氀猀漀 戀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 搀攀挀椀搀攀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 椀琀✀猀 眀漀爀琀栀 椀琀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 䄀昀爀椀挀愀渀 猀琀爀愀椀渀 漀昀 开䄀瀀椀猀 洀攀氀氀椀昀攀爀愀开 椀猀 洀甀挀栀 洀漀爀攀 戀攀氀氀椀最攀爀攀渀琀ഊthan the European one. If you merely walk by, umpteen yards from ਀琀栀攀椀爀 栀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 眀椀氀氀 猀攀渀搀 漀甀琀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀 眀漀爀欀攀爀猀 琀漀 猀琀椀渀最ഊyou first and ask questions later. ਀ഊThis is why they're called "killers." Any given Africanized bee ਀椀猀 渀漀 洀漀爀攀 瘀攀渀漀洀漀甀猀 琀栀愀渀 愀渀礀 最椀瘀攀渀Ⰰ 猀愀礀Ⰰ 䤀琀愀氀椀愀渀 眀漀爀欀攀爀⸀  䈀甀琀 愀渀ഊItalian colony won't try to sting you to death unless you give ਀琀栀攀洀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 挀愀甀猀攀⸀ഊ ਀一漀眀Ⰰ 愀 眀栀椀氀攀 戀愀挀欀 愀渀 愀瀀椀愀爀椀猀琀 椀渀 䈀爀愀稀椀氀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 猀漀洀攀 䄀昀爀椀挀愀渀ഊbees and started breeding them into his stock, knowing full well ਀栀漀眀 愀最最爀攀猀猀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀㨀 琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 椀搀攀愀㬀 栀攀 眀愀渀琀攀搀 愀 洀漀爀攀ഊproductive strain. The hybridized bees liked South America just ਀昀椀渀攀㬀 琀栀攀礀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 猀瀀爀攀愀搀椀渀最 漀甀琀眀愀爀搀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 匀漀甀琀栀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 愀渀搀ഊnorthwards into Central America, and because they were so ਀愀最最爀攀猀猀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀礀 挀漀甀氀搀 琀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 琀甀爀昀 愀眀愀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀ഊEuropean bees. They're now making their way into the southern US. ਀ഊNow, there's one joker in the deck. When it gets cold--like in a ਀䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 眀椀渀琀攀爀ⴀⴀ琀栀攀 戀攀攀 挀漀氀漀渀礀 栀愀猀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 眀愀爀洀 漀爀 瀀攀爀椀猀栀⸀  吀栀攀ഊEuropean bees have a technique whereby they all get together in ਀琀栀攀 挀攀渀琀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 栀甀搀搀氀攀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 愀渀搀 猀栀椀瘀攀爀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 眀愀爀洀ഊtill spring. The Africanized bees don't have this strategy. If ਀愀 挀漀氀漀渀礀 漀昀 䄀昀爀椀挀愀渀椀稀攀搀 戀攀攀猀 最攀琀猀 栀椀琀 戀礀 愀 挀漀氀搀 猀渀愀瀀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀✀氀氀 搀椀攀⸀ഊSo if you live in a place where it snows in the winter, you ਀栀愀瘀攀 瘀攀爀礀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 琀漀 眀漀爀爀礀 愀戀漀甀琀⸀  䔀瘀攀渀 栀攀爀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䈀愀礀 䄀爀攀愀Ⰰഊnoted for the mildness of its climate, I'm not seriously worried ਀愀戀漀甀琀 䄀昀爀椀挀愀渀椀稀攀搀 戀攀攀猀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 愀 琀漀攀栀漀氀搀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 愀琀ഊleast every few winters we'll get a cold snap that will reliably ਀欀椀氀氀 琀栀攀洀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀琀栀攀愀猀琀攀爀渀 唀匀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀✀猀 眀愀爀洀 攀渀漀甀最栀ഊthat they can settle in, is where most commercial bee breeders ਀愀爀攀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀ⴀⴀ戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀琀✀猀 眀愀爀洀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 挀愀渀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 挀漀氀漀渀椀攀猀ഊmore easily there. Commercial apiarists generally re-queen every ਀猀瀀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀琀爀愀椀渀猀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 ⠀愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀漀氀漀渀椀攀猀ഊhealthy). Even if you live in Minnesota, if you order in queens ਀昀爀漀洀 䜀攀漀爀最椀愀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀⤀ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 䄀昀爀椀挀愀渀椀稀攀搀 最攀渀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 挀爀攀瀀琀 椀渀琀漀ഊyour breeder's stock, you'll have very aggressive bees this ਀猀甀洀洀攀爀ⴀⴀ⨀愀渀搀⨀ 琀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀✀氀氀 搀椀攀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 眀椀渀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 礀漀甀✀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀ഊstart fresh in the spring. I don't know what the breeders are ਀搀漀椀渀最 琀漀 琀爀礀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀琀爀愀椀渀猀 瀀甀爀攀ⴀⴀ搀漀渀✀琀 昀漀爀最攀琀 琀栀愀琀ഊhoneybees mate in mid-air, and I don't believe they've developed ਀愀爀琀椀昀椀挀椀愀氀 椀渀猀攀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀洀ⴀⴀ戀甀琀 琀栀攀礀✀搀 戀攀琀琀攀爀ഊthink of something. ਀ഊDorothea of Caer-Myrddin Dorothy J. Heydt ਀䴀椀猀琀猀⼀䴀椀猀琀猀⼀圀攀猀琀                        唀䌀 䈀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀ഊArgent, a cross forme'e sable djheydt at uclink.berkeley.edu ਀倀刀伀 䐀䔀伀 䔀吀 刀䔀䜀䔀ഊ ਀ഊ[Submitted by: Donna Hrynkiw ] ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㈀㜀 䴀愀爀 ㄀㤀㤀㜀 ㈀㌀㨀㈀㐀㨀　㌀ ⴀ　㠀　　 ⠀倀匀吀⤀ഊFrom: Thomas Snelson ਀吀漀㨀 猀琀攀瀀猀 愀琀 愀渀琀椀爀⸀猀挀愀⸀漀爀最ഊSubject: FWD Period Beekeeping (long) ਀ഊAfter requesting info on period beekeeping I received this wonderful ਀爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 愀猀欀攀搀 琀漀 瀀漀猀琀 椀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀琀攀瀀瀀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 氀漀漀欀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀 琀漀 挀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 戀攀攀 氀漀瘀椀渀最 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 椀渀ഊthe future. ਀ഊGreetings Ruadhan O'Duinn from Bronwen Elgars ਀ഊI have been asked to respond to your request for information about ਀瀀攀爀椀漀搀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最⸀  䤀 搀漀 渀漀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 栀甀最攀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 琀漀 爀攀氀愀礀 琀漀 礀漀甀Ⰰ 戀甀琀ഊsome good places to start at least. ਀ഊFirst, there are two pieces in Tournaments Illuminated, (one is mine, ਀愀渀搀 椀猀 洀漀爀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 栀漀渀攀礀 琀栀愀渀 愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 攀氀猀攀⤀ 挀栀攀挀欀 琀栀攀 戀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀ഊin these pieces. ਀ഊThey are: ਀䘀愀氀氀 ㄀㤀㤀㌀ ⴀ ∀吀栀攀 唀猀攀 漀昀 䈀攀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 倀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀 漀昀 䈀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀渀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀ഊTimes" by Ross Eddington (Elliot Ashenstaff) ਀愀渀搀ഊSummer 1996 - "Treatise on the History of Honey in Medieval Eurasia" by ਀吀攀爀爀椀 䄀⸀ 䴀漀爀爀椀猀漀渀 ⠀䈀爀漀渀眀攀渀 䔀氀最愀爀猀⤀ഊ ਀一攀砀琀Ⰰ 䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 猀攀渀搀 礀漀甀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 漀渀 琀栀攀 圀攀戀 昀漀爀 䤀䈀刀䄀 ⴀ 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䈀攀攀ഊResearch Association. They have *everything* there is that's available for ਀爀攀愀搀椀渀最⸀ 䄀 氀漀琀 漀昀 椀琀 椀猀 洀漀爀攀 瀀爀漀漀昀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 眀愀猀 戀攀椀渀最 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀搀ഊthan actual methods. ਀ഊOf special note are: ਀ ∀匀甀爀瘀攀礀 漀昀 䄀 吀栀漀甀猀愀渀搀 夀攀愀爀猀 漀昀 䈀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀渀 刀甀猀猀椀愀∀ 戀礀 䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀 䜀愀氀琀漀渀 ⴀഊHuge efforts in the Northern Forest areas in Tree beekeeping noticable in ਀愀戀漀甀琀 㘀琀栀 琀栀爀甀 ㄀㈀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 圀䄀堀 琀爀愀搀攀⠀洀礀ഊpersonas time and place) ਀ഊ"John Evelyn's Manuscript on Bees" from Elysium Britannicum edited by D.A. ਀匀洀椀琀栀 䈀攀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䄀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀 ㄀㤀㘀㘀 ⴀ 䨀漀栀渀 䔀瘀攀氀礀渀 氀椀瘀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀㘀㈀　 琀漀ഊ1706 and was an English Diarist interested in gardening. ਀ഊ"The Archaeology of Beekeeping" by Dr. Eva Crane - Dr. Crane's work is ਀攀砀琀攀渀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 猀栀攀 戀攀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀攀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䄀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀ഊmany years. She has produced many, many books on the history of bees and ਀栀漀渀攀礀⸀ 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀椀猀 戀漀漀欀 椀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀栀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 瀀椀攀挀攀 漀昀 眀漀爀欀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀漀 洀愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 戀漀漀欀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 ⠀挀栀攀挀欀 琀栀攀 戀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀ഊbooks listed above). You can order most thru your library. I bought the ਀琀栀爀攀攀 戀漀漀欀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀 昀爀漀洀 䤀䈀刀䄀Ⰰ 甀猀椀渀最 愀 挀爀攀搀椀琀 挀愀爀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 挀漀洀攀 昀爀漀洀ഊEngland and have to be charged at the current currency transfer rate of ਀瀀漀甀渀搀猀 琀漀 搀漀氀氀愀爀猀 ⠀漀爀 眀栀愀琀攀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 洀漀渀攀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀猀⤀⸀  吀栀攀 戀漀漀欀猀 挀愀洀攀 椀渀ഊabout 3 weeks after ordering. IBRA's catalog of books and their order ਀昀漀爀洀 椀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 圀攀戀 匀椀琀攀⸀ഊ ਀䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 瀀椀攀挀攀Ⰰ 漀昀 洀愀樀漀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 琀漀 洀攀 ⠀戀甀琀 䤀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 琀漀ഊyou) is "Mad Honey - Bees and the Baneful Rhododendron" by Adrienne Mayor in ਀琀栀攀 一漀瘀⼀䐀攀挀 ㄀㤀㤀㔀 攀搀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䄀爀挀栀愀攀漀氀漀最礀 䴀愀最愀稀椀渀攀 ⴀ 昀愀猀挀椀渀愀琀椀渀最 瀀椀攀挀攀 漀渀ഊtoxic honey. It's what really got me interested in the subject. ਀ഊOne more thing - I have corresponded with a gentleman on the other side of ਀琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀 眀栀漀 椀猀 愀 䬀攀攀瀀攀爀 ⴀ 栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀漀琀攀猀ഊ------------------------------ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 圀攀搀Ⰰ 㠀 䴀愀礀 㤀㘀 ㄀㐀㨀㐀㌀㨀㄀　 唀吀ഊFrom: "James Rossé II" ਀吀漀㨀 ∀吀攀爀爀椀 䄀⸀ 䴀漀爀爀椀猀漀渀∀ 㰀渀漀爀猀攀洀愀渀 愀琀 琀攀氀攀瘀愀爀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: beekeeping ਀ഊFrom: Terri A. Morrison ਀匀攀渀琀㨀   䴀漀渀搀愀礀Ⰰ 䴀愀礀 　㘀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㄀㄀㨀㌀㄀ 倀䴀ഊTo: James Rossé II ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀        ⠀渀漀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀⤀ഊ ਀䠀椀Ⰰ 洀礀 渀愀洀攀 椀猀 䈀爀漀渀眀攀渀 愀渀搀 䤀 氀椀瘀攀 椀渀 吀栀攀 匀栀椀爀攀 漀昀 䄀洀戀攀爀最愀爀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 漀昀ഊAnTir. I read in Ethereal Rolls that you have an interest in ਀戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最⸀  䤀 愀洀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀猀琀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 栀漀渀攀礀⸀ഊGot any advise or interesting discussion concerning the subject? ਀ഊadvice 1- don't wear bug repellent or use perfume around them. ਀          椀 眀愀琀挀栀攀搀 洀礀 洀漀琀栀攀爀 最攀琀 戀椀琀 甀瀀 瀀爀攀琀琀礀 最漀漀搀 眀栀攀渀 椀 眀愀猀ഊ working the bees because she was wearing bug repellent. i only wash ਀          眀椀琀栀 椀瘀漀爀礀 猀漀愀瀀 昀漀爀 愀 眀栀椀氀攀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀 搀漀渀✀琀 甀猀攀ഊ shampoo, because you don't want to smell different than the smoke you ਀          甀猀攀⸀ഊ ਀愀搀瘀椀挀攀 ㈀ⴀ 搀漀渀✀琀 琀爀礀 琀漀 甀猀攀 愀 猀欀攀瀀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 戀攀攀猀 椀渀⸀  礀漀甀 挀愀渀✀琀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 焀甀攀攀渀ഊ separate, and you are more likely to get a fungal problem. I want to ਀          戀甀椀氀搀 愀 猀欀攀瀀 猀漀洀攀搀愀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 戀甀礀 漀渀攀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 椀 栀愀瘀攀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 椀琀 琀漀 ഊ teach SCAdians about medieval honey, but i would never use one. ਀ഊadvice 3- read the book by Aebis. i don't have it handy right now, i have ਀          愀 挀漀瀀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀琀✀猀 眀漀爀琀栀 椀琀⸀  猀栀漀眀猀 礀漀甀 栀漀眀 琀漀 最攀琀 猀漀洀攀 猀攀爀椀漀甀猀 栀漀渀攀礀ഊ production without a lot of work. ਀ഊadvice 4- never use a shopvac to empty your hive. ਀ഊI have more, but i'll let you work on these. ਀ഊhawk ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ ㄀　 䴀愀礀 㤀㘀 　㘀㨀㈀㘀㨀㔀㈀ 唀吀ഊFrom: "James Rossé II" ਀吀漀㨀 ∀洀漀爀爀椀猀漀渀∀ 㰀渀漀爀猀攀洀愀渀 愀琀 琀攀氀攀瘀愀爀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: RE: beekeeping ਀ഊFrom: morrison ਀匀攀渀琀㨀   䘀爀椀搀愀礀Ⰰ 䴀愀礀 ㄀　Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㘀 ㄀㈀㨀　㌀ 䄀䴀ഊTo: James Rossé II ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最ഊ ਀㸀㸀愀搀瘀椀挀攀 ㄀ⴀ      搀漀渀✀琀 眀攀愀爀 戀甀最 爀攀瀀攀氀氀攀渀琀 漀爀 甀猀攀 瀀攀爀昀甀洀攀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀洀⸀ഊ>>i only wash with ivory soap for a while ਀ഊ>How long is awhile? ਀ഊawhile depends on how much i'm going to work with the bees. i tend to use ਀甀渀猀挀攀渀琀攀搀 猀琀甀昀昀 愀渀礀眀愀礀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀 瀀爀攀昀攀爀 椀琀⸀  琀栀攀 戀甀最 爀攀瀀攀氀氀攀渀琀 琀栀椀渀最 椀✀洀ഊserious about, because the only time my mother was ever bitten was when she ਀眀愀猀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 最愀爀搀攀渀 眀攀愀爀椀渀最 戀甀最ⴀ爀攀瀀攀氀氀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 挀愀洀攀 愀昀琀攀爀 栀攀爀⸀  椀ഊrecommend at least a week, because insect noses are still better than ਀漀甀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀㸀㸀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀 搀漀渀✀琀 甀猀攀 猀栀愀洀瀀漀漀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 礀漀甀 搀漀渀✀琀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀ഊ>> smell different than the smoke you use. ਀ഊ>So I guess this means you need to be pretty careful with ਀㸀搀攀漀搀漀爀愀渀琀猀 琀漀漀㼀ഊ ਀椀 甀猀攀 漀氀搀 猀瀀椀挀攀 猀琀椀挀欀 搀攀漀搀漀爀愀渀琀猀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀 眀漀爀欀 椀渀 愀 猀甀椀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 搀愀礀猀⸀ഊhowever, like i said, i try not to wear anything when i have to work ਀琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀        吀栀攀 戀漀漀欀 䤀 愀洀 洀漀猀琀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最 爀椀最栀琀 渀漀眀 椀猀 䐀漀爀漀琀栀礀ഊGalton's "Survey of a Thousand Years of Beekeeping in Russia", 1971. I have ਀漀爀搀攀爀攀搀 椀琀 琀栀爀甀 漀甀爀 氀椀戀爀愀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 愀洀 渀漀眀 眀愀椀琀椀渀最 昀漀爀 椀琀 琀漀 戀攀ഊdelivered. ਀ഊaebis' work is not historical, but it tells you how to live with bees. please ਀琀栀椀渀欀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀椀猀⸀  ∀栀漀眀 琀漀 氀椀瘀攀 眀椀琀栀 戀攀攀猀∀⸀  渀漀琀 ∀戀攀攀猀 昀漀爀 昀甀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀∀Ⰰഊnot "how to make money off bees", not "how to make a living from beekeeping". ਀∀栀漀眀 琀漀 氀椀瘀攀 眀椀琀栀 戀攀攀猀∀⸀  栀攀 琀愀氀欀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 栀漀眀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 礀漀甀爀 栀椀瘀攀嬀猀崀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀⸀ഊwhich means a high bee survival rate, and high production. i started off with ਀漀渀攀 栀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 愀 琀椀渀礀 琀栀椀渀最 漀昀 戀攀攀猀 猀攀渀琀 瘀椀愀 爀愀椀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀攀 栀愀搀 琀漀 最漀 瀀椀挀欀 椀琀 甀瀀 昀爀漀洀ഊthe train station. there were bees on the outside of the carrier, and we had ਀琀漀 搀爀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瘀愀渀 眀攀愀爀椀渀最 瘀攀椀氀猀 椀渀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀⸀  眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 眀椀渀琀攀爀 栀椀琀ഊand killed them [no spring thaw, nothing we could do about it], we had only ਀猀攀瘀攀渀 栀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 眀攀 愀爀攀 瘀攀爀礀 挀愀爀攀昀甀氀 渀漀琀 琀漀 氀攀琀 琀栀攀洀 猀瀀氀椀琀⸀  眀攀 搀椀搀渀✀琀ഊcultivate them like we could have, and each of our hives was producing ਀漀瘀攀爀 ㈀　 最愀氀氀漀渀猀 漀昀 栀漀渀攀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀攀 氀攀昀琀 愀 氀漀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䴀礀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀 䔀搀 愀渀搀 䤀 愀爀攀 琀爀礀椀渀最 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀✀猀 昀爀漀洀 㤀琀栀 漀爀 ㄀　琀栀ഊcentury, norse, iceland, russia, byzantine who are involved in forest ਀戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀搀攀 漀昀 栀漀渀攀礀 愀渀搀 戀攀攀猀眀愀砀⸀  䴀礀 栀甀猀戀愀渀搀 琀漀漀欀 挀氀愀猀猀攀猀 漀渀ഊbeekeeping in high school, but I really do not know how much he remembers. We ਀栀愀瘀攀 愀 昀攀眀 昀爀椀攀渀搀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀ⴀ眀漀爀欀攀爀猀 眀栀漀 愀爀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀攀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀ഊtalking about how it might be for us to manage "one" swarm of our own. Alot ਀漀昀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 渀攀攀搀猀 琀漀 戀攀 搀漀渀攀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 眀攀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 氀椀欀攀 琀栀愀琀⸀ 䈀甀琀 琀栀攀ഊbook study of it, really is fascinating and has made me more aware of what is ਀最漀椀渀最 漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 眀漀爀氀搀 愀渀搀 䤀✀洀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 琀漀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 昀漀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀⸀  䤀ഊthink we will be getting involved in honey harvest at the end of the summer ਀眀椀琀栀 琀眀漀 漀爀 琀栀爀攀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀 欀攀攀瀀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 欀渀漀眀⸀ഊ ਀        䐀漀 礀漀甀 眀攀愀爀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 最愀爀洀攀渀琀猀 眀栀攀渀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀⸀ 䄀爀攀ഊthese garments period? Do you know what they used to wear? ਀ഊthe garments i wear are probably not period. i have seen illustrations of bee ਀瘀攀椀氀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀琀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 椀猀猀甀攀 洀甀挀栀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀 椀渀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀ഊof using period equipment because of my fear of equipment failure, and ਀栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 昀愀挀攀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 戀攀攀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 眀爀漀渀最 琀椀洀攀⸀ഊ ਀匀琀爀漀渀最 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 戀漀搀礀 漀搀漀爀 挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 愀渀最爀礀㼀  䠀漀眀 搀漀 礀漀甀ഊthink our ancestors ridded themselves of their body odors? ਀ഊFor starters, they probably smelled a lot more like smoke than we do, all the ਀琀椀洀攀⸀  愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀椀渀最 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 爀愀椀搀攀搀Ⰰ 椀 搀漀渀✀琀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀ഊcared about bee survival as much. ਀ഊDo you not use shampoo, or do you wash your hair with ivory soap too. Does it ਀栀攀氀瀀 琀漀 戀攀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 猀洀漀欀攀 昀漀爀 愀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 漀昀 搀愀礀猀 琀漀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 猀洀攀氀氀ഊ(of the smoke) into your hair? ਀ഊi just worry about the smoke smell when i am doing the work. i even sing to ਀琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀⸀⸀⸀搀甀洀戀 猀漀渀最⸀⸀⸀⸀∀椀✀洀 愀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 瀀甀昀昀 漀昀 猀洀漀欀攀∀ 愀渀搀 椀 ∀琀栀椀渀欀 猀洀漀欀攀ഊthoughts", just to be on the safe side. ਀ഊ Have you ever thought about writing for Compleat Anachronist? ਀䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 愀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀猀猀甀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 猀漀漀漀漀漀漀漀漀 挀漀漀氀⸀ഊ ਀䤀✀瘀攀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 椀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀漀爀欀 栀愀猀 洀攀 瘀攀爀礀 戀甀猀礀 爀椀最栀琀 渀漀眀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀✀洀 渀漀琀ഊprepared to write a good coverage of it. i've been thinking about it, ਀戀甀琀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 欀渀漀眀 栀漀眀 椀渀ⴀ搀攀瀀琀栀 椀✀氀氀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀⸀ഊ ਀        圀栀礀 猀栀漀甀氀搀渀✀琀 礀漀甀 甀猀攀 愀 瘀愀挀 琀漀 挀氀攀愀渀 漀甀琀 礀漀甀爀 栀椀瘀攀㼀ഊ ਀䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀琀 欀椀氀氀猀 ⨀愀氀氀⨀ 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 椀渀 礀漀甀爀 栀椀瘀攀⸀  倀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀猀 搀漀 椀琀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀ഊbuying new hives is the cost of doing business. I won't abide by it. ਀ഊbronwen ਀ഊhawk ਀ഊ_______________________________________________________________________________ ਀䤀 栀漀瀀攀 琀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 最攀琀 猀漀洀攀 猀攀渀猀攀 漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀愀琀⸀  䤀 眀漀甀氀搀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀 礀漀甀 琀漀ഊcorrespond with Hawk and myself. There are not many of us out there that ਀愀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀⸀  䤀 猀琀椀氀氀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀 愀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀猀猀甀攀 漀昀ഊThe Compleat Anachronist is needed and perhaps as we all three get further ਀椀渀琀漀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 眀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀攀 漀甀爀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 眀爀椀琀攀ഊone. ਀ഊI am not on the Cathedral Steps and feel bad that our correspondence can not ਀最漀 琀栀爀甀 琀栀愀琀 爀漀甀琀攀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 最攀琀 椀琀 戀愀挀欀 琀栀攀爀攀 昀漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 琀漀 爀攀愀搀Ⰰഊthat would be really great. ਀ഊGood luck on this fascinating search for information and your ਀爀攀ⴀ挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 挀爀愀昀琀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 愀洀 礀漀甀爀猀 椀渀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀ഊBronwen Elgars ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䈀愀愀愀猀琀愀爀搀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊDate: Thu, 22 May 1997 00:14:23 -0400 (EDT) ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 栀漀渀攀礀 瘀猀⸀ 猀甀最愀爀ഊ ਀䜀爀攀攀琀椀渀最猀Ⰰഊ ਀䤀 愀洀 渀漀琀 瘀攀爀礀 椀渀昀漀爀洀攀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 猀甀最愀爀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀漀 䤀✀氀氀 氀攀愀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀漀ഊsomeone else. ਀ഊHowever, as far as honey is concerned, the bees can live in any of the ਀爀攀最椀漀渀猀 礀漀甀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀⸀  䄀猀 昀愀爀 愀猀 椀琀 最漀攀猀Ⰰ 栀漀渀攀礀 戀攀攀猀 愀爀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀椀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 愀ഊlarge degree(from the perspective of the beekeeper, not scientists) based ਀甀瀀漀渀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀洀攀渀琀⸀  䈀攀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 爀攀最椀漀渀猀 琀攀渀搀 琀漀 戀攀 渀椀挀攀爀Ⰰ 氀攀猀猀ഊirritable. Italian bees are the standard bee kept in this country and to a ਀氀愀爀最攀 攀砀琀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀⸀  吀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 最攀渀琀氀攀猀琀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀洀攀渀琀⸀ഊ Caucasian bees, originating in Eastern block countries are also relatively ਀昀爀椀攀渀搀氀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀⸀  䜀攀爀洀愀渀 戀攀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 猀漀 渀椀挀攀⸀  ഊ ਀伀渀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 栀愀渀搀Ⰰ 猀漀甀琀栀攀爀渀 戀攀攀猀⠀䄀昀爀椀挀愀Ⰰ 䴀椀搀搀氀攀愀猀琀⤀ 愀爀攀 搀漀眀渀爀椀最栀琀 洀攀愀渀⸀  匀漀洀攀ഊbreeds will start stinging you if you walk within 40 yards of the hive. They ਀愀爀攀 瘀攀爀礀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 琀漀 爀愀椀猀攀㬀 琀栀攀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 愀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀攀爀 眀栀漀 椀猀 栀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀ഊto pain. I don't have sources for this, but I know that bees were kept in ਀琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀愀猀琀 椀渀 栀椀瘀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 挀氀愀礀 瀀漀琀猀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 猀椀搀攀眀愀礀猀⸀ഊ African bees have not been domesticated. If you want the honey you chop off ਀瀀椀攀挀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 瀀愀礀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀挀攀 昀漀爀 椀琀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀椀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 攀爀爀漀渀攀漀甀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 洀礀 最甀攀猀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀Ⰰ 戀攀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 欀攀瀀琀 洀甀挀栀 洀漀爀攀ഊextensively in the north because it was a less harmful profession in those ਀愀爀攀愀猀⸀  伀渀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀 挀漀甀氀搀 搀攀愀氀 眀椀琀栀 洀漀爀攀 栀椀瘀攀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 栀漀瀀攀 琀栀椀猀 栀攀氀瀀攀搀⸀ഊMichael Farrell ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀 䈀氀漀挀栀 㰀猀戀氀漀挀栀 愀琀 愀搀氀㄀㔀⸀愀搀攀氀瀀栀椀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊDate: Fri, 23 May 1997 21:15:38 -0400 (EDT) ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 栀漀渀攀礀 瘀猀⸀ 猀甀最愀爀ഊ ਀䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 䘀愀爀爀攀氀氀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> ... southern bees(Africa, Middleast) are downright mean. Some ਀㸀 戀爀攀攀搀猀 眀椀氀氀 猀琀愀爀琀 猀琀椀渀最椀渀最 礀漀甀 椀昀 礀漀甀 眀愀氀欀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 㐀　 礀愀爀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀⸀  吀栀攀礀ഊ> are very difficult to raise; they require a beekeeper who is highly resistant ਀㸀 琀漀 瀀愀椀渀⸀  䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 欀渀漀眀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 欀攀瀀琀 椀渀ഊ> the Middleast in hives that were essentially clay pots turned sideways. ਀㸀  䄀昀爀椀挀愀渀 戀攀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀琀 戀攀攀渀 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀愀琀攀搀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 礀漀甀 挀栀漀瀀 漀昀昀ഊ> pieces of the hive and pay the price for it. ਀ഊSome time in the last year, _Aramco World_ published a fascinating ਀⠀挀漀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀⤀ 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 漀渀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 䄀爀愀戀椀愀渀 瀀攀渀椀渀猀甀氀愀⸀ഊApparently there are varieties of honey that they refuse to sell for ਀攀砀瀀漀爀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 琀栀攀礀 最漀 昀漀爀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 搀漀氀氀愀爀猀 愀 瀀漀甀渀搀⸀ഊAnyway, there's also some discussion of hives, swarming, and practical ਀猀琀甀昀昀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀愀琀⸀ഊ mar-Joshua ibn-Eleazar ha-Shalib ਀                                                 匀琀攀瀀栀攀渀 䈀氀漀挀栀ഊ sbloch at panther.adelphi.edu ਀ऀऀऀऀऀ 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀搀攀氀瀀栀椀⸀攀搀甀⼀縀猀戀氀漀挀栀⼀ഊ Math/CS Dept, Adelphi University ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䈀愀愀愀猀琀愀爀搀 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀ഊDate: Mon, 26 May 1997 16:12:23 -0400 (EDT) ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 匀䌀 ⴀ 䠀漀渀攀礀ഊ ਀倀漀氀氀攀渀 椀猀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀⸀  䠀漀渀攀礀 椀猀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀甀最愀爀⸀  吀栀攀 洀甀琀甀爀攀ഊbees utilize very little protein. The only time in their lifecycle that they ਀渀攀攀搀 椀琀 椀渀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 椀猀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 氀愀爀瘀愀氀⸀  吀栀攀 洀愀琀甀爀攀 戀攀攀猀ഊconsume honey primarily, they are very active and need lots of energy. ਀ഊMichael Farrell ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀䔀氀氀攀渀 䄀渀最氀椀渀∀ 㰀愀渀最氀椀渀 愀琀 洀椀⸀瘀攀爀椀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 ∀倀攀爀椀漀搀∀ 䠀漀渀攀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 戀爀攀眀椀渀最 漀爀 挀漀漀欀椀渀最ഊDate: Thu, 9 Sep 1999 14:01:25 -0700 ਀ഊ I am a hobbyist beekeeper, and this year I finally produced some honey ਀甀猀椀渀最 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀⸀ ⠀一漀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 栀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 渀漀 挀攀渀琀爀椀昀甀最愀氀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀⤀ഊI have 40 pounds of mixed wildflower honey that was produced by bees living ਀椀渀 愀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 挀愀瘀椀琀礀 栀椀瘀攀⸀ ⠀䄀 吀漀瀀 戀愀爀 栀椀瘀攀ⴀ 匀欀攀瀀猀Ⰰ 琀栀漀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀攀最愀氀ഊdue to impossibility of inspecting for disease.) ਀ഊ The naturally built combs were harvested by hand, and the honey was ਀猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 眀愀砀 戀礀 挀爀甀猀栀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 樀甀猀琀 愀猀 椀琀 眀愀猀 搀漀渀攀 椀渀ഊperiod. ਀ഊ What is not period about this honey- ਀        ㄀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 猀甀氀昀甀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 欀椀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀⸀ഊThe hive is alive and well and ready for winter. ਀        ㈀⸀ 吀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 椀猀 昀爀攀攀 昀爀漀洀 戀椀琀猀 漀昀 戀爀漀漀搀 ⠀䈀愀戀礀 戀攀攀猀⤀  䤀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰഊhoney was scooped out of the skep, and as it was harvested some of the brood ਀眀愀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 愀氀猀漀⸀  ⠀吀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 椀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 昀漀爀ഊthe production of some beverages.) This is clean honey. ਀    ㌀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀椀砀 漀昀 眀椀氀搀昀氀漀眀攀爀猀 椀猀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 ⠀䴀椀挀栀椀最愀渀⤀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀⸀ഊ ਀伀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀椀猀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 栀漀渀攀礀 眀愀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 洀甀挀栀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 眀愀礀 愀猀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 栀漀渀攀礀ഊwas. ਀    䄀渀礀漀渀攀 漀甀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 猀漀洀攀 琀漀琀愀氀氀礀 愀甀琀栀攀渀琀椀挀 䄀☀匀 攀渀琀爀椀攀猀㼀ഊDrop me a line if you would be interested in buying some, or would like more ਀椀渀昀漀⸀⸀⸀ഊ ਀䴀椀猀琀爀攀猀猀 䔀氀攀渀 䜀爀攀攀渀栀愀渀搀ഊRiding of Hawkland Moor ਀䈀愀爀漀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一漀爀琀栀眀漀漀搀猀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: quester at sjm.infi.net (Harold Groot) ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: "Period" Honey available for brewing or cooking ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䘀爀椀Ⰰ ㄀　 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 　㄀㨀㌀㠀㨀　㔀 䜀䴀吀ഊ ਀伀渀 吀栀甀Ⰰ 㤀 匀攀瀀 ㄀㤀㤀㤀 ㄀㐀㨀　㄀㨀㈀㔀 ⴀ　㜀　　Ⰰ ∀䔀氀氀攀渀 䄀渀最氀椀渀∀ 㰀愀渀最氀椀渀 愀琀 洀椀⸀瘀攀爀椀漀⸀挀漀洀㸀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ ਀㸀    圀栀愀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀椀猀 栀漀渀攀礀ⴀഊ> 1. The bees were not sulfured and killed to harvest the honey. ਀㸀吀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 椀猀 愀氀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 眀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 爀攀愀搀礀 昀漀爀 眀椀渀琀攀爀⸀ഊ> 2. The honey is free from bits of brood (Baby bees) In period, ਀㸀栀漀渀攀礀 眀愀猀 猀挀漀漀瀀攀搀 漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀欀攀瀀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀猀 椀琀 眀愀猀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀攀搀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀爀漀漀搀ഊ>was often collected also. (The presence of this protein is necessary for ਀㸀琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 戀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀⸀⤀  吀栀椀猀 椀猀 挀氀攀愀渀 栀漀渀攀礀⸀ഊ> 3. The mix of wildflowers is American (Michigan), not European. ਀㸀ഊ>Other than this, this honey was produced much the same way as period honey ਀㸀眀愀猀⸀ഊ ਀䤀 猀攀攀洀 琀漀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 昀爀漀洀 愀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 栀漀渀攀礀戀攀攀猀 眀攀 渀漀眀ഊhave were the result of extensive and deliberate crossbreeding between ਀戀攀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀 ⠀䜀爀攀愀琀 䈀爀椀琀愀椀渀㼀⤀ 愀渀搀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 戀攀攀 猀琀爀愀椀渀猀ഊfrom the Middle East and northern Africa. ਀ഊOf course, I am not an expert on this and have no documentation handy, ਀戀甀琀 琀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 愀爀攀愀 琀漀 氀漀漀欀 愀琀 昀漀爀 樀甀猀琀 栀漀眀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 琀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀ഊproduct is. ਀ഊStill, since the selection in crossbreeding was to both increase ਀焀甀愀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 最攀琀 攀砀挀椀琀攀搀 琀漀漀 攀愀猀椀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀ഊhoney itself may well be very close. ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 氀漀爀搀砀戀爀攀眀㈀ 愀琀 愀漀氀⸀挀漀洀 ⠀䰀漀爀搀堀䈀爀攀眀㈀⤀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 ∀倀攀爀椀漀搀∀ 䠀漀渀攀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 戀爀攀眀椀渀最 漀爀 挀漀漀欀椀渀最ഊDate: 12 Sep 1999 04:50:59 GMT ਀ഊRespond to Xaviar_the_eccentric at yahoo.com ਀ഊ I think we are getting a bit carried away with periodness. None of these ਀昀愀挀琀漀爀猀 ⠀攀砀挀攀瀀琀 琀栀攀 昀氀漀眀攀爀猀⤀ 眀椀氀氀 愀昀昀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀愀猀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 漀爀 琀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀ഊproduct, Well I forget the presence of bee parts But dont forget that you ਀愀氀眀愀礀猀 戀漀椀氀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀攀礀⸀⸀  䤀昀 礀漀甀 猀琀愀爀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀礀 爀愀眀 栀漀渀攀礀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 椀猀ഊunprocessed, I think you will get the very same end product. ਀ഊI have still yet to see a period recipe for meads. Digby though very useful is ਀漀甀琀 漀昀 漀甀爀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀⸀⸀琀栀愀琀 椀猀 倀爀攀 ㄀㜀琀栀 挀攀渀琀⸀   䄀渀搀 䌀椀渀搀礀 刀攀渀昀爀漀眀 眀栀漀✀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀ഊis wonderful, will only release non period recipes and then say buy her book. ਀匀漀爀爀礀 搀漀渀琀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀爀攀 挀愀猀栀 愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䄀渀搀 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 搀漀渀琀 戀爀椀渀最 甀瀀 琀栀攀 琀栀攀ഊ1650 arguement again it is tiresome. ਀ഊXaviar who has brewed many batches from raw honey cooked in cast iron over ਀漀瀀攀渀 昀氀愀洀攀猀 戀爀攀眀攀搀 椀渀 眀漀漀搀 猀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀愀琀挀栀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 礀攀愀猀琀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀ഊbrewing batch of beer and found the final mead to be unpalatable for almost a ਀礀攀愀爀 眀栀椀氀攀 椀琀 愀最攀搀⸀  倀愀猀猀 漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 眀椀氀氀 猀琀椀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀猀 䤀 欀漀渀眀 琀栀愀琀 氀愀甀爀攀氀ഊbrewers use.... ਀渀甀昀昀 猀愀椀搀⸀⸀⸀ഊX ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀刀攀瘀⸀ 䴀椀欀攀 䴀愀爀琀椀渀∀ 㰀洀洀愀爀琀椀渀㄀㌀㤀 愀琀 栀漀洀攀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最ഊDate: Fri, 21 Dec 2001 18:11:07 GMT ਀ഊCynthia Virtue wrote: ਀㸀 㸀 䤀昀 礀漀甀爀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀猀 漀戀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 眀椀氀氀 礀漀甀 猀琀椀氀氀 椀渀猀琀愀氀氀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀㼀ഊ> If I were considering it, I probably would. ਀㸀 ഊ> Firstly, the various bee diseases have pretty much wiped out non-farmed ਀㸀 ⠀眀椀氀搀⤀ 戀攀攀猀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀栀攀 挀栀漀椀挀攀 眀攀 栀愀瘀攀 椀猀 氀漀挀愀氀 戀攀攀猀 瘀猀⸀ 渀漀 戀攀攀猀 琀漀ഊ> pollinate trees, flowers, and crops. ਀㸀 ഊ> Secondly, although the bees come and go, it's not like the effect of a ਀㸀 猀眀愀洀瀀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 洀漀猀焀甀椀琀漀猀 ⴀⴀ 愀猀椀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀氀礀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀ഊ> hive, I think most people wouldn't notice an increase in the local bee ਀㸀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ> ਀㸀 挀瘀ഊ ਀ 匀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 琀栀椀渀最猀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀椀猀 愀 洀漀爀攀 瀀氀攀愀猀攀渀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀猀⸀ഊ ਀ 䴀愀欀攀 匀唀刀䔀 礀漀甀爀 戀攀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 挀氀漀猀攀 愀琀 栀愀渀搀 䈀䔀䘀伀刀䔀 礀漀甀 椀渀猀琀愀氀氀 琀栀攀洀⸀ഊIf they get to collecting water from the neighbors birdbath they will ਀欀攀攀瀀 搀漀椀渀最 猀漀 攀瘀攀渀 眀栀攀渀 眀愀琀攀爀 礀漀甀 瀀甀琀 漀甀琀 椀猀 挀氀漀猀攀爀⸀ഊ ਀ 䤀昀 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀椀瘀愀挀礀 昀攀渀挀攀 漀爀 猀栀爀甀戀戀攀爀礀 漀爀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀猀ഊthe bees fly higher to get out of your "yard" then they will mostly fly ਀愀戀漀瘀攀 礀漀甀爀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 眀漀渀✀琀 攀瘀攀爀 攀瘀攀渀 猀攀攀 琀栀攀洀Ⰰ 洀甀挀栀 氀攀猀猀 最攀琀ഊstung by them. ਀ഊ It's always a better option to feel the neighbors out and see if they ਀眀漀甀氀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀 䈀䔀䘀伀刀䔀 礀漀甀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 椀渀Ⰰ 猀洀漀漀琀栀椀渀最 爀甀昀昀氀攀搀 昀攀愀琀栀攀爀猀ഊafter the fact won't do you any good but a little education before hand ਀愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 洀椀最栀琀 洀愀欀攀 椀琀 愀 眀愀礀 洀漀爀攀 瀀氀攀愀猀攀渀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀ 䠀爀漀琀栀最愀爀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: "Rev. Mike Martin" ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: beekeeping ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 匀愀琀Ⰰ ㈀㈀ 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㄀ 　㈀㨀㌀㘀㨀㔀㐀 䜀䴀吀ഊ ਀刀漀砀礀䜀爀攀攀渀猀琀爀攀攀琀 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ ਀㸀      䤀 眀愀渀琀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 䜀愀爀搀攀渀 戀攀攀栀椀瘀攀⸀  䤀琀 椀猀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 栀椀瘀攀Ⰰഊ> developed for, well, uh, an English Garden....you know, long and narrow behind ਀㸀 愀 ✀琀漀眀渀 栀漀甀猀攀✀ 琀礀瀀攀 甀渀椀琀Ⰰ 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 猀甀戀甀爀戀愀渀 愀爀攀愀⸀  吀栀攀 嘀䐀䄀䌀  爀攀瀀ഊ> recommended this unit to me because I want to run a small bee yard and I ਀㸀 最爀攀愀琀氀礀 搀攀猀椀爀攀 愀 氀漀眀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀 甀渀椀琀⸀ഊ year, Hrothgar. Are you in a suburban area? Do you have your hive(s) fenced ਀㸀 椀渀㼀  䄀爀攀 礀漀甀 猀攀攀椀渀最 嘀愀爀爀漀猀攀愀 䴀椀琀攀猀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀漀爀琀猀 漀昀 椀渀昀攀猀琀愀琀椀漀渀㼀ഊ ਀ 䤀✀洀 椀渀 愀 爀甀爀愀氀 愀爀攀愀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀猀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 洀漀爀攀 愀渀搀 洀漀爀攀 猀甀戀甀爀戀愀渀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀ഊlast decade (don't get me started on how much this annoys me) and I DID ਀栀愀瘀攀 琀眀漀 栀椀瘀攀猀 栀攀爀攀 昀漀爀 愀 眀栀椀氀攀 戀甀琀 洀礀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀 ⠀眀栀漀 椀猀 洀愀爀爀椀攀搀 琀漀 愀ഊrelative) got pissy. Since she doesn't own the property (she rents it ਀昀爀漀洀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀⤀Ⰰ 䤀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 挀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 欀攀瀀琀 琀栀攀洀 栀攀爀攀 戀甀琀 椀琀ഊwasn't worth the strife it would have caused with her so I moved them. ਀ഊ Currently I have two outyards, both 40 miles away (one east and one ਀眀攀猀琀Ⰰ 搀漀渀✀琀 搀漀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀 礀漀甀爀猀攀氀昀℀ 䤀✀洀 洀漀瘀椀渀最 洀椀渀攀 挀漀洀攀 猀瀀爀椀渀最⤀ 愀渀搀 琀眀漀 漀昀ഊthem (the west yard) died out due to varroa last winter. The other two ਀愀爀攀 漀渀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 䤀 搀漀渀✀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀洀攀渀琀 戀甀琀 䤀✀洀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 猀甀爀攀ഊthose have died out. ਀ഊ I'll be re-starting come spring with the two hives in the west yard at ਀氀攀愀猀琀 愀渀搀 洀愀礀戀攀 琀眀漀 洀漀爀攀 戀攀猀椀搀攀猀 琀栀愀琀⸀⸀⸀ 搀攀瀀攀渀搀猀 漀渀 栀漀眀 洀甀挀栀 攀砀瀀攀渀搀愀戀氀攀ഊcash I have when it's time to buy splits. ;) ਀ഊ> May your threads never tangle, ਀㸀 刀漀砀愀渀渀攀 䜀爀攀攀渀猀琀爀攀攀琀ഊ ਀ 䠀漀眀 昀甀渀渀礀⸀⸀⸀ 搀椀搀 礀漀甀 欀渀漀眀 䤀 猀瀀椀渀 愀渀搀 眀攀愀瘀攀 愀氀猀漀㼀 㬀⤀ 䤀琀✀猀 愀渀 愀搀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ഊ ਀ 䠀爀漀琀栀最愀爀ഊ (Oh BTW, the reason I think those fancy hives are a ripoff is they run ਀漀瘀攀爀 ␀㄀　　 戀甀挀欀猀 昀漀爀 愀 戀爀漀漀搀 挀栀愀洀戀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀椀爀 栀愀爀搀 琀漀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀瀀攀爀猀Ⰰഊand you can MAKE a TBH so much easier for almost nothing with basic ਀挀愀爀瀀攀渀琀爀礀 猀欀椀氀氀猀⸀⸀⸀⤀ഊ-- ਀刀攀瘀⸀ 䴀椀欀攀 䴀愀爀琀椀渀    䰀漀爀搀 䠀爀漀琀栀最愀爀 琀栀攀 匀洀椀琀栀ഊ ਀ഊFrom: "Rev. Mike Martin" ਀一攀眀猀最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 爀攀挀⸀漀爀最⸀猀挀愀ഊSubject: Re: beekeeping ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 吀栀甀Ⰰ ㈀㜀 䐀攀挀 ㈀　　㄀ ㄀㔀㨀㐀㈀㨀　㘀 䜀䴀吀ഊ ਀䜀栀攀氀攀渀愀㘀㘀㄀ 眀爀漀琀攀㨀ഊ> I am very interested in getting instructions for the top bar hive. I had ਀㸀 椀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀漀 戀甀椀氀搀 愀 栀椀瘀攀 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 漀昀 漀爀搀攀爀椀渀最 漀渀攀⸀ഊ ਀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 最漀漀搀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 椀渀昀漀 漀渀氀椀渀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀洀ഊ(oftentimes however, your local Beekeepers are a great source as well). ਀ഊ Check out part of my website(sadly in need of an overhaul but I think ਀洀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 氀椀渀欀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 眀漀爀欀⤀ 愀琀ഊhttp://members.home.net/mmartin139/bees.html ਀ഊ> I cannot install a stocade fence due to a number of reasons. Many trees ਀㸀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 挀漀洀攀 搀漀眀渀⸀  䤀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 洀攀琀愀氀 昀攀渀挀攀⸀  䤀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 愀 挀愀最攀ഊ> around the garden section to prevent small children and animals from being ਀㸀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀漀甀挀栀 椀琀⸀ഊ ਀ 匀漀甀渀搀猀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 昀椀渀攀⸀ഊ ਀㸀  䴀礀 漀渀氀礀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀 ⠀䤀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 嘀䐀䄀䌀⤀ 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 洀椀最栀琀 琀愀洀瀀攀爀 眀椀琀栀ഊ> the hive. As in "I double dog dare you to kick the beehive" He answered that ਀㸀 琀栀攀礀 眀椀氀氀 漀渀氀礀 搀漀 椀琀 漀渀挀攀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀⸀嘀䐀䄀䌀 愀搀瘀椀猀攀搀 洀攀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀椀氀攀 䤀 愀洀 氀椀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 眀栀愀琀ഊ ਀ ⨀䜀刀䤀一⨀ 夀攀愀栀⸀⸀ 栀愀氀昀 愀 搀漀稀攀渀 猀琀椀渀最猀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 礀漀甀 渀漀琀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 攀瘀攀爀 搀漀ഊthat again. You might consider putting a sign nearby (a small one) that ਀猀愀礀猀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 氀椀欀攀 ∀䬀椀挀欀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 戀漀砀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 戀愀搀⸀⸀⸀∀ 㬀⤀ഊ ਀㰀匀一䤀倀㸀ഊ> keepers (one of which is the Norfolk Zoo) and my bees will not be large in ਀㸀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 愀猀 䤀 搀漀 渀漀琀 椀渀琀攀渀搀 琀漀 爀甀渀 愀 氀愀爀最攀 戀攀攀 礀愀爀搀⸀  嘀䐀䄀䌀 椀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀瀀椀渀椀漀渀 ഊ ਀ഊ You should consider keeping two hives, in case your Queen dies or ਀猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 礀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 栀椀瘀攀 琀漀 ∀爀漀戀∀ 戀爀漀漀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀搀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀ഊhive alive until you can get a replacement. ਀ഊ> Hrothgar, did you attempt to treat your bees for mites or did the ਀㸀 愀昀昀氀椀挀琀椀漀渀 挀漀洀攀 漀渀 琀漀漀 猀甀搀搀攀渀氀礀㼀ഊ ਀ 䤀 琀爀攀愀琀攀搀 漀渀 愀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 猀挀栀攀搀甀氀攀 ⠀䴀攀搀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 戀攀攀栀椀瘀攀猀 椀猀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最ഊof a full time deal... you don't wait for the problem and then treat or ਀椀琀✀猀 琀漀漀 氀愀琀攀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀⤀ 戀甀琀 䤀 眀愀猀渀✀琀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 琀愀欀攀 愀猀 最漀漀搀 挀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀 愀猀ഊI would have liked as they were so far away. I believe the first hive ਀搀椀攀搀 漀甀琀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 爀甀渀渀椀渀最 漀甀琀 漀昀 爀漀漀洀 ⠀䤀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 愀搀搀 猀甀瀀攀爀猀ഊbut got there late...) and the population dropped enough that the mite ਀氀漀愀搀 欀椀氀氀攀搀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 栀椀瘀攀 爀漀戀戀攀搀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 栀椀瘀攀 漀昀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀椀爀ഊhoney as soon as the first hive died down enough to not be able to keep ਀琀栀攀洀 漀甀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀椀挀欀攀搀 甀瀀 愀 栀攀愀瘀礀 洀椀琀攀 氀漀愀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀愀琀 戀漀砀⸀⸀⸀ 戀甀琀 䤀✀洀 渀漀琀ഊsure exactly. ਀ഊ Hrothgar ਀ⴀⴀഊRev. Mike Martin Lord Hrothgar the Smith ਀ഊ ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䴀愀爀愀栀愀 吀猀椀最愀渀攀 㰀唀爀挀栀攀漀渀䈀氀攀甀 愀琀 挀漀瀀瀀攀爀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊNewsgroups: rec.org.sca ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 戀攀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最ഊDate: Sun, 30 Dec 2001 17:02:35 -0500 ਀ഊGhelena661 wrote: ਀㸀      䐀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 渀愀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀栀漀漀搀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀Ⰰ 䤀 愀洀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀ഊ> stake my hive into the ground so that it cannot be simply flipped over, nor ਀㸀 眀椀氀氀 椀琀 戀氀漀眀 漀瘀攀爀 椀渀 栀甀爀爀椀挀愀渀攀 猀攀愀猀漀渀⸀  䐀甀攀 愀氀猀漀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 㐀 礀攀愀爀 漀氀搀ഊ> children who play without adult supervision in this neighborhood I will ਀㸀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀 愀 挀愀最攀 漀渀氀礀 愀 琀愀氀氀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 瀀氀椀攀爀猀 挀愀渀 愀挀挀攀猀猀⸀  䤀 洀愀礀 愀氀猀漀 ഊ> install a small lock on the hive roof. ਀ ഊAlthough their honey production is not high, you can obtain stingless ਀愀渀搀 氀漀眀 愀最最爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 戀攀攀 猀琀爀愀椀渀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 礀漀甀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 洀愀砀椀洀椀稀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀⸀ ഊHowever, even common strains are relatively benign. As children, my sibs ਀愀渀搀 䤀 瀀甀琀 眀愀琀攀爀 漀渀 漀甀爀 昀椀渀最攀爀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀漀洀椀渀最 戀攀攀猀 琀漀 搀爀椀渀欀⸀  圀栀椀氀攀 椀琀 ഊworried Mom, we were never stung. Of course, we did this primarily in ਀栀漀琀 猀甀洀洀攀爀 愀昀琀攀爀渀漀漀渀猀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 眀愀猀 戀甀猀椀攀猀琀 ⠀愀渀搀 琀栀椀爀猀琀椀攀猀琀⤀⸀  䄀琀 ഊsuch times, the cloud of bees is impressive, but not dangerous if you ਀愀瘀漀椀搀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 戀氀漀挀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀椀爀 眀愀礀⸀ഊ ਀䴀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀最攀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 栀椀瘀攀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 搀甀爀椀渀最 爀愀椀渀礀 眀攀愀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 渀椀最栀琀Ⰰ ഊwhen the hive is mostly dormant. This coincides with times teenagers ਀⠀愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀⤀ 愀爀攀 漀甀琀⸀ഊ ਀䴀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 昀椀渀愀氀氀礀 洀漀瘀攀搀 栀椀猀 ㈀ⴀ㌀ 栀椀瘀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀漀漀昀 漀昀 漀甀爀 ⠀搀攀琀愀挀栀攀搀⤀ ഊgarage after vandals destroyed one. The site is partially shaded and ਀最愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 愀 挀氀攀愀爀 瀀愀琀栀 漀瘀攀爀 愀搀樀愀挀攀渀琀 礀愀爀搀猀 ⠀愀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 眀攀 氀椀瘀攀搀 ഊjust east of Columbus, OH). ਀ഊUnfortunately, it is very difficult to secure a hive without making it ਀搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 昀漀爀 戀漀琀栀 礀漀甀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀攀攀猀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 眀椀琀栀⸀  䤀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 最攀琀 ഊa locking rod which would pass through exterior brackets in the hive ਀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 氀漀挀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀洀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 椀洀瀀攀搀椀渀最 瘀攀渀琀椀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 瀀愀猀猀愀最攀⸀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Wed, 26 Jan 2005 14:50:55 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀漀栀渀渀愀 䠀漀氀氀漀眀愀礀 㰀樀漀栀渀渀愀 愀琀 猀椀琀欀愀⸀攀渀最椀渀⸀甀洀椀挀栀⸀攀搀甀㸀ഊSubject: [Sca-cooks] Bees and Honey ਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 猀漀洀攀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀猀 栀攀爀攀 漀渀 戀攀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀漀渀攀礀 椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀ഊIt turns out that there are two new works being published on the topic ਀漀昀 戀攀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀漀渀攀礀⸀ഊ ਀匀眀攀攀琀渀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 䰀椀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 䴀礀猀琀攀爀椀漀甀猀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䠀漀渀攀礀戀攀攀 戀礀ഊHattie Ellis. Harmony. ISBN: 1-4000-5405-2 $23. ਀ഊBees in America. How the Honey Bee Shaped a Nation by Tammy Horn. ਀唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䬀攀渀琀甀挀欀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ  䤀匀䈀一㨀  　ⴀ㠀㄀㌀㄀ⴀ㈀㌀㔀　ⴀ堀    ␀㈀㜀⸀㔀　ഊ ਀䈀漀琀栀 愀爀攀 搀甀攀 椀渀 䴀愀爀挀栀 ㈀　　㔀⸀ഊ ਀䨀漀栀渀渀愀攀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 23:05:51 -0400 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 䨀漀栀渀渀愀 䠀漀氀氀漀眀愀礀 㰀樀漀栀渀渀愀攀 愀琀 洀愀挀⸀挀漀洀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] weird question - honey fast??? ਀吀漀㨀 䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀㰀㰀㰀 倀氀攀愀猀攀 攀渀氀椀最栀琀攀渀 洀攀 䤀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 渀漀琀 昀椀最甀爀攀 栀漀眀 愀渀礀漀渀攀 漀渀攀 挀愀渀 昀愀琀栀漀洀 ഊhoney as a meat product. ਀匀甀攀礀 㸀㸀㸀ഊ ਀伀欀 䤀 栀椀琀 䜀漀漀最氀攀 䈀漀漀欀猀 琀栀椀猀 攀瘀攀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀愀洀攀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 愀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 漀昀 甀渀甀猀甀愀氀 ഊdocuments buried in that vast archive of stuff. ਀ഊFrom Senate Documents, Otherwise Publ. as Public Documents and Executive ਀䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀猀㨀 ㄀㐀琀栀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㄀猀琀 匀攀猀猀椀漀渀ⴀ㐀㠀琀栀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀Ⰰ ㈀渀搀 匀攀猀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 ഊSpecial Session ਀䈀礀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀⸀ 匀攀渀愀琀攀ഊPublished by , 1856 ਀伀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 昀爀漀洀 伀砀昀漀爀搀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀ഊDigitized Dec 7, 2006 ਀ഊ ਀  䈀䔀䔀匀Ⰰ 圀䄀堀Ⰰ 䄀一䐀 䠀伀一䔀夀⸀ഊ ਀䈀䔀䔀ⴀ䌀唀䰀吀唀刀䔀 䤀一 刀唀匀匀䤀䄀⸀ഊ ਀吀栀攀 爀攀愀爀椀渀最 漀昀 戀攀攀猀 椀猀 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀愀爀琀猀ഊof European Russia, particularly in the central and southern governments, ਀愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀漀氀椀猀栀 愀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀ⴀ䌀愀甀挀愀猀椀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀⸀ഊThis insect acclimatises up to a very high latitude, even in Siberia. ਀䤀琀 眀愀猀 氀漀渀最 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 挀氀椀洀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀琀攀爀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀ഊwas utterly unsuitable for the rearing of bees ; but experiments made ਀愀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀ഊTomsk, Omsk, and Jenisseisk have proved the contrary. It has ਀最爀攀愀琀氀礀 猀甀昀昀攀爀攀搀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀ഊthe forests; for the bee prefers well wooded districts, where it is ਀瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀攀搀ഊfrom the wind. The honey procured from the linden tree ( ਀吀椀氀椀愀 攀甀爀愀瀀挀攀搀⤀ 椀猀 漀渀氀礀 漀戀琀愀椀渀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 琀漀眀渀 漀昀 䬀漀眀渀漀Ⰰ 漀渀 琀栀攀ഊriver Niemen, in Lithuania, which is surrounded by an extensive forest ਀漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀爀攀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀爀椀渀最 漀挀挀甀瀀椀攀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀ഊof the inhabitants. The Jews of Poland furnish a close imitation ਀漀昀 琀栀椀猀 栀漀渀攀礀Ⰰ 戀礀 戀氀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 欀椀渀搀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀渀 愀椀爀ഊduring frosty weather. ਀吀栀攀 挀攀爀攀洀漀渀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀爀攀攀欀 挀栀甀爀挀栀Ⰰ 爀攀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 愀 氀愀爀最攀 挀漀渀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀ഊof wax candles, greatly favor this branch of rural economy in ਀刀甀猀猀椀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀攀爀瘀攀 椀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 搀攀挀氀椀渀攀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀琀 椀猀 攀砀瀀漀猀攀搀 椀渀ഊother countries, from the increasing use of stearine, oil, gas, and other ਀昀氀甀椀搀猀 昀漀爀 椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀渀最 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀攀愀猀愀渀琀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 眀愀砀 猀漀ഊcheaply that, notwithstanding the consumption of this article has ਀最爀攀愀琀氀礀 搀椀洀椀渀椀猀栀攀搀 愀戀爀漀愀搀Ⰰ 椀琀 猀琀椀氀氀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀猀 琀漀 昀漀爀洀 愀渀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀ഊitem of the commerce of the country ; but the exportation of honey ਀栀愀猀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀戀氀礀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 椀渀 挀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 甀猀攀 漀昀 瀀漀琀愀琀漀ഊsyrup, which has also injured the honey trade in the interior. ਀吀栀攀 爀攀愀爀椀渀最 漀昀 戀攀攀猀 椀猀 渀漀眀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀ഊmanufacture of candles for religious ceremonies, and on the consumption ਀漀昀 栀漀渀攀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 䰀攀渀琀Ⰰ 椀琀 戀攀椀渀最 琀栀攀渀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 漀昀 猀甀最愀爀Ⰰ 戀礀 琀栀攀ഊstrict observers of the fasts. The government encourages this branch ਀漀昀 爀甀爀愀氀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀昀昀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀攀愀猀愀渀琀 愀渀 攀砀琀爀愀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 椀渀挀漀洀攀Ⰰഊand has adopted various measures for the accomplishment of ਀琀栀椀猀 攀渀搀⸀ 圀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 搀椀昀昀甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀猀椀琀攀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 愀洀漀渀最ഊthe people of the public domains, bee-hives, and a course of practical ਀椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 漀昀 戀攀攀ⴀ挀甀氀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 愀琀ഊseveral of the crown farms, and pupils are sent every year, at the expense ਀漀昀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 椀渀 吀猀挀栀攀爀渀椀最漀眀Ⰰഊfounded for the purpose, in 1828. ਀ഊSee also ਀䌀漀洀洀攀渀琀愀爀椀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 䘀漀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 刀甀猀猀椀愀ഊBy Ludwik Te;goborski ਀倀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 䰀漀渀最洀愀渀Ⰰ 䈀爀漀眀渀Ⰰ 䜀爀攀攀渀 愀渀搀 䰀漀渀最洀愀渀猀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㔀㔀ഊOriginal from the University of Michigan ਀䐀椀最椀琀椀稀攀搀 䄀甀最 㐀Ⰰ ㈀　　㘀ഊ ਀匀漀 栀攀爀攀 眀攀 栀愀瘀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 戀攀椀渀最 甀猀攀搀 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 漀昀 猀甀最愀爀 搀甀爀椀渀最 䰀攀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ഊ19th century; perhaps this is just the Eastern Orthodox Church. An Egg At Easter mentions that prior to the Revolution, the Russians ate only vegetables, honey, fruit, and bread during Lent. ਀吀栀攀 䐀漀洀漀猀琀爀漀椀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 愀琀攀 栀漀渀攀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 䰀攀渀琀⸀ഊ ਀䨀漀栀渀渀愀攀ഊ ਀ഊDate: Mon, 11 Aug 2008 21:30:09 -0500 ਀䘀爀漀洀㨀 ∀吀攀爀爀礀 䐀攀挀欀攀爀∀ 㰀琀⸀搀⸀搀攀挀欀攀爀 愀琀 眀漀爀氀搀渀攀琀⸀愀琀琀⸀渀攀琀㸀ഊSubject: Re: [Sca-cooks] weird question - honey fast??? ਀吀漀㨀 ∀䌀漀漀欀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䌀䄀∀ 㰀猀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀 愀琀 氀椀猀琀猀⸀愀渀猀琀攀漀爀爀愀⸀漀爀最㸀ഊ ਀㰀㰀㰀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀愀挀琀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀攀猀 开愀爀攀开  愀渀椀洀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀 瀀漀椀渀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 ഊmentioned repeatedly by several people here. The reader must conclude you ਀愀爀攀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 甀渀愀眀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀愀挀琀  ⠀眀栀椀挀栀 猀攀攀洀猀 甀渀氀椀欀攀氀礀⤀ 漀爀 愀爀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀渀最 ഊthat medieval Europeans were unaware of it (which is more likely, but ਀猀琀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀攀ഊ ਀䄀搀愀洀愀渀琀椀甀猀 㸀㸀㸀ഊ ਀䄀爀椀猀琀漀琀氀攀Ⰰ 倀氀椀渀礀 愀渀搀 䐀椀漀猀挀漀爀椀搀攀猀 爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 戀攀攀猀 愀猀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀Ⰰ 䤀䤀刀䌀⸀  吀栀攀椀爀 ഊworks contain a number of very solid observations and a number of errors of ਀椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀猀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 ഊbees animals is rather low in my opinion. ਀ഊBear ਀ഊ ਀䐀愀琀攀㨀 䴀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㄀ 䄀甀最 ㈀　　㠀 ㄀㤀㨀㌀㘀㨀　㔀 ⴀ　㜀　　ഊFrom: "Laura C. Minnick" ਀匀甀戀樀攀挀琀㨀 刀攀㨀 嬀匀挀愀ⴀ挀漀漀欀猀崀 眀攀椀爀搀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 ⴀ 栀漀渀攀礀 昀愀猀琀㼀㼀㼀ഊTo: Cooks within the SCA ਀ഊTerry Decker wrote: ਀㰀㰀㰀 䄀爀椀猀琀漀琀氀攀Ⰰ 倀氀椀渀礀 愀渀搀 䐀椀漀猀挀漀爀椀搀攀猀 爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 戀攀攀猀 愀猀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀Ⰰ 䤀䤀刀䌀⸀  ഊTheir works contain a number of very solid observations and a number ਀漀昀 攀爀爀漀爀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 䴀攀搀椀攀瘀愀氀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀猀 ഊdid not consider bees animals is rather low in my opinion. ਀ഊBear >>> ਀ഊI found that in most of the bestiaries, bees are grouped with birds. The ਀戀攀猀琀椀愀爀椀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 欀渀漀眀渀 昀漀爀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀⸀ 㬀ⴀ⤀ഊ ਀✀䰀愀椀渀椀攀ഊ ਀㰀琀栀攀 攀渀搀㸀ഊEdited by Mark S. Harris bees-msg Page 24 of 24 ਀ഊ