coronets-msg - 1/5/15 Medieval coronets and crowns. SCA coronets and crowns. NOTE: See also the files: wearng-cornts-msg, jewelry-msg, beads-msg, gem-sources-msg, gloves-msg, headgear-msg, metals-msg, metalworking-msg, Signet-Rings-art. ************************************************************************ NOTICE - This file is a collection of various messages having a common theme that I have collected from my reading of the various computer networks. Some messages date back to 1989, some may be as recent as yesterday. This file is part of a collection of files called Stefan's Florilegium. These files are available on the Internet at: http://www.florilegium.org I have done a limited amount of editing. Messages having to do with separate topics were sometimes split into different files and sometimes extraneous information was removed. For instance, the message IDs were removed to save space and remove clutter. The comments made in these messages are not necessarily my viewpoints. I make no claims as to the accuracy of the information given by the individual authors. Please respect the time and efforts of those who have written these messages. The copyright status of these messages is unclear at this time. If information is published from these messages, please give credit to the originator(s). Thank you, Mark S. Harris AKA: THLord Stefan li Rous Stefan at florilegium.org ************************************************************************ Newsgroups: rec.org.sca From: zkessin at world.std.com (Zach) Subject: Re: Crowns, Coronets, & Law Organization: As little as posible Date: Fri, 11 Nov 1994 22:29:30 GMT blackhmr at alpha1.csd.uwm.edu (Robert M Van Rens) writes: >>Most of the SCA standards for coronets date to 1660. >> >>Guiliam >Where would one look for such information? I certainly don't know where to >begin...any suggestions anyone? I got it from "A Complete Guide to Heraldry" by Arther Charles Fox-Davies. Which is a good book to have and not to expensive. (There is a chapter on coronets) Guiliam >Eadric Blackhammer From: rorice at nickel.ucs.indiana.edu (rosalyn rice) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Re: Period Coronets! Help! Date: 24 Oct 1995 02:26:06 GMT Organization: Indiana University, Bloomington Check out Ottfried Neubecker's "Heraldry: Sources, Symbols, and Meanings". It's got a lot of good color pictures of medieval and renaissance crowns and coronets. For Byzantine, the definitive source would be the frescoes from the Haigia Sophia that show Justinian and Theodora. As I remember, the Byzantine crown was more of a bejewelled cap with "earrings" hanging off of each side. Lothar Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 18:03:59 -0500 From: theodelinda at webtv.net (linda webb) To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: Stumpwork The Victoria and Albert Museum has examples of Elizabethan guildmasters crowns done in raised embroidery, which is the step before full-blown stumpwork--These are velvet circlets with embroidery on them. The one I recall best has a pattern of leaves and flowers, with a crest in the center. I believe most, if not all, of the embroidery, including the raised work, is in metal threads.--Theo Subject: BG - Bryn Gwlad Coronets Date: Mon, 02 Feb 98 23:22:25 MST From: Dennis and/or Dory Grace To: bryn-gwlad at Ansteorra.ORG Alina wrote: >About Bryn Gwlad Baronial Coronets. Why not incorporate some, if not all >insignias or devices that are the barony's and use them on and around the >baronial coronets. It would definitely help identify and let everyone know >what barony our baron and baroness are from. Suggestion: Look at all baronial >devices.Figure out which and what looks the best and with what. End result is >the design for the baronial coronets. I rather like this idea. I wonder how well the badge/device elements would go together in such a way; I bet it would make for a very impressive set of coronets. BTW, if anyone is interested, you're welcome to take a close look at our coronets. I really like the way the pearls were designed and applied--they're all easily replacable. Small brass tubes were soldered behind each point, a slightly smaller brass tube slips into the soldered tube (fitting quite tightly) which accomodates a brass hat pin. Slip a pearl onto the hat pin, insert a small bit of sticky wax into the brass tubes, and insert the pearl-on-a-pin into the brass tube. Voila'. Very nice. (Especially for someone like me who tends to be just a weeeeeeeee bit prone to crack or knock the pearls off on occassion (gotta stop that head-butting in the circles ;->). Aquilanne Subject: BG - new coronets Date: Tue, 03 Feb 98 11:20:10 MST From: Chris Yone To: Bryn-Gwlad list here are some sources for crown examples (though mostly royal) that are online. http://www.royal.gov.uk/history/anglos.htm (this site may take some time to load -I thought it was slow on a T1, may have been a bad connection) Picturse and a little about English rulers through the centuries. Medieval England 3 they are selling these plates, but the online versions are worth looking at. they do give some mention of sources-though very broad. Another thing to consiter that I think adds grace and sophistication to crowns and coronets is a velvet cap underneath. It was done in England by the 15th c. and was used by royalty and nobles. The main distinction between the royal circlets and others was that royalty had more (and bigger) gemstones and semi precious stones and detail. Royalty also had the crossing hoops topped with an orb by the 15th c. Kirsten MacDonald From: geard at clear.net.nz (J Geard) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Masters' Crowns Date: Tue, 07 Apr 1998 09:33:10 GMT Greetings all, from Alys; I quote from "Elizabethan Embroidery" (London: Faber, 1963) by George Wingfield Digby, who was Keeper of Textiles at the Victoria & Albert Museum: "CROWNS (City Livery Companies) "Crowns, usually of embroidered velvet, were used for crowning the masters at ceremonies of the Courts of the Livery Companies of London. The following crowns are still in the possession of the Companies: the Carpenters, dated 1561; the Girdlers, from the second half of the 16th century; the Broderers, second half of the 16th century; and the Parish Clerks, a pair, dated 1601. The last are on permanent loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, but are withdrawn twice a year for the Company's dinners. "These crowns are of particular interest because they are typical examples of professional embroidery of the period; unquestionably this must be so in the case of the Broderers' own Company, and one of their two crowns is here illustrated, Pl. 11 (the other is in slightly less good condition). It is a crown of tawny-orange velvet and is embroidered with a rich floral pattern in which silver and gold in a great variety of threads and strips have been used, together with coloured silks, also with seed pearls, though these have now almost entirely disappeared; the use of silver strips in place of sequins is noteworthy. The method of embroidery is prinicipally couched work, with a certain amount of raised work. The centre of the crown has the Company's badge of the dove in a shaped cartouche. Inside the crown embroidered in large letters on the same velvet is the motto 'Omnia de Super'." The crown shown is made from a band of stiffened and lined velvet about 2 inches high. It's heavily encrusted with naturalistic fruit-flowers-and-foliage raised embroideries, and in the centre-front the embroidered Broderers' badge looks very stylish (although it also looks like a bird pinned out on a sun-patterned dissection plate). From what I can see of the motto inside the crown it's in large upper-case letters in a Roman serifed font. My first though when I found references to the embroidered crowns of masters and aldermen was "Way cool: how are they made?" My second thought was "Was it just the Broderers Company which used an embroidered crown?", to which the answer appears to be "No". My third was "Here's something that could be used in peerage ceremonies for Laurels and Pelicans (who don't seem to get nearly as much regalia as Knights)." Of course it's more complicated than that. It may be that a Company only ever had one or two crowns which were used by the Company's ranking master(s) at special events. It may have been a late-period-only practice. And it's another thing that would tie the arts and service peerages to the model of the medieval craft guild or livery company: essentially a middle- and artisan-class model with quite different connotations to the aristocratic model of knighthood. But I still think it's neat, and I still think the Pelicans and Laurels get shortchanged on symbolism and regalia, so... Does anyone out there know anything more about masters' crowns, and has anyone used them or known of their use in the SCA? Alys le Chaunster From: The Jones' Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Looking for merchant Date: Thu, 16 Apr 1998 13:17:23 -0400 I'm hoping someone can help me. I am looking for a merchant that I have seen at past Pennsic Wars. This lady made the most wonderful coronets. They were very delicate looking some with floral patterns and some just silver. I'm looking to purchase a coronet and always thought that if I ever had occasion to purchase one, I would like one of hers. Unfortunatly, I did not see her booth at this past Pennsic. She made other jewelry too. If you can help me, either reply to the newsgroup or directly to me. Baroness Genevieve Macpherson mka Diane Jones lochmor at ix.netcom.com From: satyrsong at aol.com (SATYRSONG) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Re: Looking for merchant Date: 17 Apr 1998 23:26:12 GMT Organization: AOL http://www.aol.com I believe the person you are looking for is Jan Wyman of Crafty Fox. Her wares were there last year, in Ashton's Dragon Heart tent. Some times she goes to the war as a solo merchant, some times not. The last address I have for her is: P O Box 471 E. Hamstead, N.H. 03826 SS Subject: RE: ANST - Vague Laws Date: Tue, 15 Sep 98 07:03:22 MST From: John Ruble To: "'ansteorra at Ansteorra.ORG'" Sir Alrek said: > 2.Engrailed coronets. They may have no more than six "points" or > projections, which may be surmounted by spherical projections of no > more than 1/2 inch diameter, and must have a smoothly concave outline > between each "point", so as to clearly distinguish them from County > coronets. > > In part 2. what does surmounted mean? In this case, I believe it means "topped". Early period coronets show "pearls on a stick" for some coronets. The pearls are stuck on the points. The kingdom sumptuary laws are more concerned with the silhouette than anything else, so this makes sense. Of course, you could always decorate it with pearls. The problem is their were no sumptuary laws recorded until late in period. The rule of thumb was to not make a coronet that was more impressive than those worn by higher ranking nobles. Check out Fox-Davies for a good discussion. Ulf Date: Wed, 17 Feb 1999 14:55:01 -0600 From: To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: circlets >Hi all! Last week I started a silversmithing course. Since we basicely get >to do what we want and the silver is fairly inexpensive I was planning on >making myself a circlet. Do any of you knowledgable folks know where I can >find some pictures of authentic 13-15 century circlets. Since I'm in >Drachenwald I don't need to think about sumptuary laws that much (I'm a >Lady). >Anna de Byxe I have not found a book dedicated primarily to circlets and crowns as yet (if there is one let me know). Most of the historical inspiration I have received have been from illuminations, paintings, sculptures/funeral statuaries and jewelry/enameling books. But, I would imagine that being in Drachenwald, you would have many primary sources of museum items to consider and possibly from historical crown jewel displays. If you choose to create a closed circlet, you may want to place your closure seam at the side of the circlet, over one ear, instead of at the back of the circlet. This will create less stress on the joint, and may be more comfortable. You can cover the seam up with a bezel-set stone or applique metal. Consider 20g metal or less, else you may be wearing a 'headache'. But, not so lightweight that you compromise structural integrity. I strongly suggest you check with your heralds regarding any sumptuary laws. While they may not be written down, there may be strongly held traditions that the Kingdom follows. And if you are currently in Drachenwald, is it possible that you will not be in the future? Not all Kingdoms will allow you to 'Grandfather' your coronet in your new Kingdom, should you move; even if it was perfectly acceptable where you made it. Save yourself some grief, check ahead. Without wanting to get into a discussion of Sumptuary Laws, my Kingdom, Ansteorra, does not recognize the law of metal circlets for AOA's (Lord/Lady), Anyone can wear one up to 1/2 in. width (though personally, I like the idea of AOA's getting a silver circlet allowed... helps one know how to address the person). Baronies are flat top or 6 pearl point coronets. Counts (1Crown) are Dovetailed or Embattled points and Dukes (2+ Crowns) are Strawberry Leaf Points. Good luck, Bn. Hillary Greenslade Canton of Westgate/Barony of Stargate/Kingdom of Ansteorra Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 01:09:39 EST From: To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: circlets marsha.greene at mpan.com writes: > I have not found a book dedicated primarily to circlets and crowns as yet > (if there is one let me know). Most of the historical inspiration I have > received have been from illuminations, paintings, sculptures/funeral > statuaries and jewelry/enameling books. But, I would imagine that being > in Drachenwald, you would have many primary sources of museum items to > consider and possibly from historical crown jewel displays. I've seen a nice coffee table book by a Northern European Prince (real one not Scadian, but I can't remember of where) detailing the Crown Jewels of Europe. Not everything was period but it had lots of Crowns and Coronets from well within the allowable time table. Not much suited to non Royal peers though. It's a very pretty book, lots of great photos. Aralyn Thorgrimsdottir AEthelmearc Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 16:41:58 -0500 From: Carol Thomas To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: circlets > I've seen a nice coffee table book by a Northern European Prince (real >one not Scadian, but I can't remember of where) detailing the Crown Jewels of >Europe. >Aralyn Thorgrimsdottir Prince Michael of Greece? The title was, of course, Crown Jewels of Europe, from Harper & Rowe. Lady Carllein Date: Mon, 22 Mar 1999 09:21:09 +1200 From: Peter Grooby To: "'sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu'" Subject: RE: fastening pearls? Anna Troy [SMTP:Anna.Troy at bibks.uu.se] wrote: > I just have the rugh polishing of my circlet to do before adding the stones > (it'll be four small garnets) I also have some baroque pearls. Now I know > you fasten them with wire that has a small head but that's only on the > front. How do I fasten the wire on the back after I've treaded it through > the hole in the circlet. I can't solder it'cause that would damage the > pearl and I would like to avoid glueing. I have some good pictures of > medieval jewellery but none where I can see the back. Help! I did this recently. They were small pearls, and the holes were very small. I used brass pins (for lace making) for the pearls. I had holes drilled in the circlet. I just bent over half an inch of pin on the back of the circlet and glued in place. There was a lining added to the back of the circlet, so the pins were covered. No documentation for this, I just made it up. Vitale ------------------------------------------------------------------- Peter Grooby pgrooby at trimble.co.nz -=0 0=-/ Trimble Navigation http://www.geocities.com/Athens/3069 |_{|}/ / Christchurch, NZ. _| \ Date: Sun, 21 Mar 1999 09:57:05 -0800 (PST) From: H B To: sca-arts at raven.cc.ukans.edu Subject: Re: fastening pearls? ---Anna Troy wrote: >I also have some baroque pearls. Now I know > you fasten them with wire that has a small head but that's only on the > front. How do I fasten the wire on the back after I've treaded it through > the hole in the circlet. I can't solder it'cause that would damage the > pearl and I would like to avoid glueing. I have some good pictures of > medieval jewellery but none where I can see the back. Help! > > Anna de Byxe Anna -- Yes, soldering the pins on with the pearls in place will damage the pearls; the trick is, you solder on a pin (length of wire) WITHOUT a head, long enough to pass completely through the pearl with 1/4 to 1/2 inch extra, and then slide the pearl on and trim the wire to more like 1/8 inch (2-3mm) beyond the end. Peen a head on the pin that will hold the pearl there -- like a rivet. Use wire as big as will fit through your drill hole. I don't know if glue was used in period or not, but I wouldn't be at all surprised; it's used currently when fixing half-drilled pearls and other gemstone beads to earring posts and such. Good luck! Harriet Date: Thu, 13 May 1999 17:34:14 -0400 From: Irene leNoir To: Subject: Re: bead work Thora wrote: >Would you please elaborate on the documentation? I am familiar with the >circlet in the painting that was featured in the 1995 Medieval Women >calendar. Irene put it on-line at: > >http://home.ici.net/~beowulf/jessica/beadwork/images/beauty.jpg > >But it's not clear to me whether this detail represents an idealized, >allegorized, or realistic depiction. and Daniella replied: >I'm sorry to say you would have to ask Irene that information. For I am >basing my studies on the actual portraits. It looks to me to be as close to >exact as possible from what all I have studied. Close attention was paid to >detail and jewelry. To fess up... I don't know whether the coronet depicted in the painting in question is allegorical or not. Admittedly, the woman wearing the coronet is a Saint, and I have not yet found a full view of the painting in order to compare the entirety of her outfit to reality. On the other hand, I find myself suspecting that if the coronet were completely made up and not based on some existing example, the artist wouldn't have gone to the trouble to so accurately depict the separate beads and the different methods of construction that they are put together with. My opinion only... add salt to taste. Jessica Clark SCA: Irene leNoir From: rlobinske at aol.com (Richard Lobinske) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Date: 19 Dec 2000 18:41:50 GMT Subject: Re: Circlets >Does anyone have a source for metal circlets. I used to deal with Ingasbo >but all I get now is an 404 error. You can make simple circlets out of strip stirling silver (I use 1/4 or 1/2 inch). I order from Rio Grande, but any other source will do. After determining desired size, you can hand form around an anvil horn or a lenght of pipe. The ends can be soldered together for a fixed size, or you can use round-nose pliers to turn the ends in a small loop, then thread some cloth or leather through to tie off. Victor Hildebrand vonn Koln mka Richard Lobinske Trimaris From: Tanya Guptill Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Making a Coronet--new web page Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2001 13:37:53 -0700 Noble friends, HL Conor O'droi has webbed the process he used for making a coronet for me. It can be found at http://www.teleport.com/~sca/conor/coronet.html , if you are interested. Warmly, Mira Silverlock From: Bert Garwood Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Re: baronial coronet needed- Date: Mon, 04 Jun 2001 19:50:40 -0500 For really pretty stuff, see: http://www.ne.infi.net/~fcderosa/ Of course, it is priced accordingly. Berwyn From: Tanya Guptill Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Subject: Re: baronial coronet needed- Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 12:28:50 -0700 You may want to check out: http://www.dragonsjewels.com/crown1.htm http://www.signetring.com/Coronet/Coronet_how_to_make/coronet_how_to_make.htm http://www.teleport.com/~sca/conor/coronet.html Mira Silverlock From: "Elaine Koogler" To: Subject: RE: [Sca-cooks] OT....Search for a Coronet Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 09:26:00 -0500 >I am seeking a source or crafter for Coronets. Any and all > sugestons welcome !!! > Aethelwulf If you are looking for early period designs, go to The Crafty Celts. Master Vortigern does wonderful early period work...fairly expensive, but exquisitely done. Another really good source is Drachenstein Treasures. Master Lothar does wonderful stuff as well, though later in period. Drachenstein can be reached at www.dragonsjewels.com, and the Crafty Celt at www.craftycelts.com. Under no circumstances should you have anything to do with Jan Wyman at Crafty Fox. I have found her to be a dishonest merchant who doesn't live up to her contracts. I have yet to receive a ring that I ordered 4 years ago...stupidly paid in full in advance...despite numerous requests, one in person, for either the ring or my money returned. Kiri From: Billfog1 at aol.com Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 09:44:57 EST To: sca-cooks at ansteorra.org Subject: [Sca-cooks] Coronets... I got my coronet from Master Lothar at Drachenstein Treasures and it is absolutely beautiful! It was done on time and the price was fair. I definitely recommend him! Suzanne From: Burke McCrory Date: May 30, 2006 10:22:10 PM CDT To: "Kingdom of Ansteorra - SCA, Inc." Subject: Re: [Ansteorra] Warlord news I though I would post this site again as these people make some very nice simple "light weight" coronets. http://www.ingasbo.com/ Burke Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2006 14:45:06 -0700 (PDT) From: Katheline van Weye Subject: [Sca-cooks] OT: Coronet Merchant Recommendation To: Cooks within the SCA It's time for me to begin the search for a coronet merchant as my husband and I are halfway through our landed baroness/baron term and will need personal coronets when we step down (should Their Majesties deem us worthy of the Bannthegn/Thegn positions at that time). I haven't really seen the style of coronet I like from any of the artisans in Atenveldt so I thought I would search further out. My preference is for either a pierced metal or etched "lacy" design as my ultimate goal is to have a coronet with a traditional Elizabethan blackwork design on it. I find the various "vine" coronets out there to be quite lovely but with all of the soldering on them I am very worried about breakage so I do not think those styles will do for me. I do not care for the hinged coronets as our Barony has one set of those and all they do is rip out my hair. The Apples and Flowers Coronet on Craft Fox at http://www.craftyfox.com/coronets/sterling-silver.html is a good example of the pierced design that I like. Drachenstein Treasures also shows a pierced coronet at http://www.dragonsjewels.com/bar31.jpg. A simple etched coronet on Drachenstein Treasures is at http://www.dragonsjewels.com/bar45.jpg. Any suggestions or recommendations for merchants? I turn to you all because though I see a lovely coronet on a website, it doesn't guarantee that the merchant is able to produce such a coronet again in the time frame we need or with the same quality. But you all know which merchants have done well by you and which haven't so I hope you can help me with this quest. Katheline van Weye Date: Wed, 06 Sep 2006 20:15:40 -0400 From: Elaine Koogler Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] OT: Coronet Merchant Recommendation To: Cooks within the SCA I have one of Drachenstein's coronets...not one of the ones you showed, but one that is a Pelican/Laurel combination. I really enjoy working with them...Master Lothar is a consummate craftsman and takes a great deal of pride in his work. I can't be sure, but I believe that Crafty Fox is the company I had a great deal of trouble with some years back. I ordered a ring from them...stupidly prepaid for the whole thing, and never got my ring or my money. This transaction happened at Pennsic. Their work is exquisite, which is why this bothered me so much. I have purchased several Pelican medallions and a coronet from them...so was really stunned when they treated me in such a cavalier fashion. I know that other folks from Atlantia had problems with them as well. If it were I, I would go with Drachenstein...great work, reliable and honest. Kiri Date: Thu, 07 Sep 2006 08:23:01 -0400 From: wildecelery at aol.com Subject: [Sca-cooks] Coronet To: sca-cooks at lists.ansteorra.org Try Willofyre Studios as well. Mistress Safia does stunning work. www.willofyre.com -Ardenia Date: Thu, 07 Sep 2006 22:01:06 -0400 From: Elaine Koogler Subject: Re: [Sca-cooks] OT: Coronet Merchant Recommendation To: Cooks within the SCA Michael Gunter wrote: > You might like the work of my squire's lady. She is getting to be pretty well > known for her coronets. She made both the coronets you usually saw me wear > and knows how to do hinged right. You know my hair and it has never gotten > caught in mine. > > http://home.texoma.net/~bperkins/gallery.html > > The coronets are posted in the jewelry section and you can see she can > fit a variety of styles. > > Gunthar Gunthar, Her work is wonderful! I'll keep her pages bookmarked in case I run across anyone else who needs a pointy hat! Kiri From: Chris Zakes Date: November 10, 2007 10:22:43 PM CST To: "Kingdom of Ansteorra - SCA, Inc." Subject: Re: [Ansteorra] Ducal Perogative At 11:15 AM 11/10/2007, Robin wrote: > "robert segrest" wrote: >> At any rate, I am continually amazed that a system of governance that >> theoretically should be one of the worst possible methods for choosing >> leaders seems to usually produce high quality administration, not >> only from our monarchs, but also from the officers they appoint. > > The SCA is a volunteer organization, and the principles of government are > different. The essential control over the government is not the > vote, but the fact that we can always walk away. Precisely. Engraved on the inside of the Crowns of Caid are the words: "You rule because they believe." That's a good thing for *any* Crown to keep in mind. -Tivar Moondragon Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 05:38:02 +0800 From: "Damian Forlani-Brennan" Subject: Re: [Lochac] Regalia for Viscounts and Viscountesses To: "The Shambles, the SCA Lochac mailing list" <<< I believe it is 16 points. Ingerith >>> Heraldic sources such as von Neubecker show sixteen points adopted universally across Europe and England for coronets worn by Viscounts and Viscountesses as of the 1700's. There is much debate about how early this practice was adopted and how much it reflected previous tradition from what year and in which countries. In heraldic art, a sixteen pointed circlet is drawn in 2D with seven full visible points (at the front) and two half points (at the sides). Similarly an eight pointed circlet would be drawn with three full points (at the front) and two half points (at the side). Period paintings show examples of sixteen pointed circlets in period for Viscounts but also a range of others before standardisation in the 1700's to 16 points, including at least one example with eight points. (Outside of England most baronial circlets were not eight points but a plain band wrapped in a string of pearls.) What you do not see are any examples of people with titles wearing circlets with a single point or decoration on a plain band. According to von Neubecker this is called a "circlet of pretence" heraldically and was worn by the untitled, presumably on occasions where everyone else was wearing a crown or coronet they were entitled to. This circlet of pretence eventually became more elaborate as the tiara we know of today and often has two lesser points on either side of the large front point. The curious SCA style three pointed crown adopted by some early SCA kingdoms was I believe either inspired by the tiara or from a confusion of the 3D with the 2D artistic convention for coronets. Either way I am pleased that we don't see them much in these parts and favour more period practice in Lochac. Reynardine, first Viscount of Lochac From: Hillary Greenslade Date: April 6, 2010 5:19:31 PM CDT To: ansteorra at lists.ansteorra.org Subject: Re: [Ansteorra] New Crowns and Coronets Very glad to see that Star Principal Herald, Emma, and Rhiannon have encouraged artisans to consult the Heraldic law and guidelines; perhaps even having Star Principal validate that a potential design passes the laws. Having known at least 3 or 4 royal /nobility who did not, the mistake in designing a coronet that is not allowed for kingdom and/or SCA standards can be costly and time consuming. Having spoken to several coronet artisans at Pennsic and Gulf Wars, the merchants generally expect the customer has had their designed approved by the Heralds office. As a student of coronet designs in history, I've bookmarked the following sites for SCA coronet designs: http://www.goldenstag.net/MiscSCA/CrownsAndCoronets.htm http://www.flickr.com/groups/scacrowns/pool/ (love the shots with coronet and eye's only - a great guessing game to figure who it is) Sumptuary Laws of SCA Kingdoms: http://sca-garb.freeservers.com/articles/sumptuary.htm (article's a bit out of date, links may not work) In addition to SCA artisans, here are some SCA merchants of some experience, a starter list... http://www.dragonsjewels.com/Misc1.htm (Drachenstein Treasures from Gulf Wars) http://www.darkridgejewels.com/ (Lyn was apprentice to Drachensteins, now has her own shop at Gulf Wars) http://www.signetring.com/Coronet/coronet.htm (created the Bryn Gwlad coronets) http://www.sunshadowdesign.com/index.html http://www.billdawsonmetalsmith.com/index.html http://www.blackwood.tierranet.com/ http://www.scametalwork.com/coronets_index.html http://www.craftyfox.com/coronets/gold-plated.html (may not be actively taking commissions) and good books on the subject: Crown Jewels of Europe by Prince Michael of Greece Royal Jewels: From Charlemagne to the Romanovs edit by Diana Scarisbrick and others Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures, by Fredrik Hiebert (Love the coronet in this book, the projections are removeable, so it can be a flat hat and also folds for travel.) Good luck with this project, Hillary Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2010 15:46:42 +0000 From: Jenny Andersen Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets To: Hi Alexander, <<< What is the general rule, or lacking one, the general consensus, on circlets? >>> SCA wide there really is no consensus, apart from number/kind of points for different royal ranks. This is however based more on Victorian heraldry rules ie strawberry leaves on ducal coronets, but again not every Duke/Duchess will have strawberry leaves on their coronets - have a look at this Flickr group to see the wide range of coronets: http://www.flickr.com/groups/scacrowns/ <<< 'some kingdoms' restrict them to AoA-holders only, according to Cunnan. Does anyone have any more details than that? >>> Some kingdoms also have width restrictions (as well as restrictions on carrying of knives) depending on which award you have, there is also in some kingdoms a metal restriction ie silver or gold for different ranks, Lochac however (and I think this reflects Australian egalatarianism :) has no such restrictions in its laws. But generally if you keep your circlet non pointy and under 5cm width (decorated as much or as little as you like) you'll be laughing. Maeve Date: Thu, 3 Jun 2010 12:29:27 +1000 From: Ian Whitchurch Subject: Re: [Lochac] History of Circlets To: "The Shambles: the SCA Lochac mailing list" Worked my way through the equivalent thesis for sumptuary laws in England (warning, badly machine scanned document). http://www.archive.org/stream/sumptuarylegisla00bald/sumptuarylegisla00bald_djvu.txt As far as period sumptuary laws in England and Italy go, Coronets seem to be just jewelry. Nothing more, nothing less. My gut is telling me that ducal, viscounty etc etc coronets are a Victorian innovation, but I cant back that up. Anton Date: Thu, 3 Jun 2010 15:01:12 +1200 From: Bob Bain Subject: Re: [Lochac] History of Circlets To: <<< My gut is telling me that ducal, viscounty etc etc coronets are a Victorian innovation, but I cant back that up. Anton >>> As I understand these things the types and designs of coronets and robes for the british peerage were laid down in the time of Charles I and have varied little since then. What I've not found out is if the rules were brought in to introduce baronial, ducal et al coronets to let the peerage wear them or if the rules were brought in to limit and control the use of regalia by a peerage who were already using them. Any thoughts? Callum Date: Thu, 3 Jun 2010 15:06:24 +1200 From: "Lila Richards" Subject: Re: [Lochac] History of Circlets To: "The Shambles: the SCA Lochac mailing list" <<< As far as period sumptuary laws in England and Italy go, Coronets seem to Be just jewelry. Nothing more, nothing less. My gut is telling me that ducal, viscounty etc etc coronets are a Victorian innovation, but I cant back that up. >>> However, I found the following, from the Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, which suggests that some rank-distinguishing designs, at least, date much earlier than the Victorian era, though perhaps not in the forms we have today: coronet The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | 2008 | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information) Copyright coronet , head attire of a noble of high rank, worn on state occasions. It is inferior to the crown. British peers wear their coronets at the coronation of their sovereign. Although dukes wore coronets to mark their rank by the 14th cent., it was in the reign of Elizabeth I that individual patterns were adopted for other peers, and barons received distinguishing insignia in 1661. The coronet of a duke is bordered by 8 strawberry leaves; that of a marquess, by 4 strawberry leaves alternating with 4 silver balls (sometimes called pearls) on low points; that of an earl, by 8 strawberry leaves alternating with 8 silver balls on high points; that of a viscount, by 16 silver balls on the rim; that of a baron, by 6 silver balls on the gold rim. Sinech. Date: Thu, 3 Jun 2010 16:53:40 +1000 From: Raymond Wickham Subject: Re: [Lochac] History of Circlets To: chapter 23 of fox davies has a piece on headwear http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~bprince/hr/foxdavies/fdguide23.htm Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2010 09:22:14 +1000 From: "Melina Hall" Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets To: "The Shambles: the SCA Lochac mailing list" Anton said, "if you build something too tacky, then people will think you bought it at Copperart. Personally, I think that should be the biggest concern - kingdom law can be changed much more easily than good taste." And I agree with him! Each year at Pennsic, I see some gigantic, horrendous coronets. Mostly they turn out to be court [baronies]. Asa Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2010 11:57:43 +1200 From: tamara at suncrow.com Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets To: lochac at lochac.sca.org Quoting Melina Hall : <<< Anton said, "if you build something too tacky, then people will think you bought it at Copperart. Personally, I think that should be the biggest concern - kingdom law can be changed much more easily than good taste." And I agree with him! Each year at Pennsic, I see some gigantic, horrendous coronets. Mostly they turn out to be court [baronies]. >>> Some of the jeweled items I've seen in museums have been pretty gigantic and horrendous. :^) Could be that those sorts of things lasted long enough to make it to a modern museum *because* they were so OTT, though. Of course "visual display of wealth and power" and "subtle" tend to be at odds more often than not in any case. Kazimira Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2010 10:53:00 +1000 From: Tiffany Brown Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets To: "The Shambles: the SCA Lochac mailing list" On 23 June 2010 10:18, Zebee Johnstone wrote: <<< They don't have to be ostentatious *now*. But in period? damn right they did. >>> A number of the gaudiest medieval crowns I've seen have been the victims of being herilooms. Most of them started out being generally well designed with a thematic elegance by the standards of their era (although there is always the odd ugly one, and 12th C asthetics can seem rather gaudy by modern standards). But then someone just had to add an extra bit becuase so-and so had one, and started an arms race. But because the crown was an item of history (that links you to your right to rule, especially if your bloodline isn't too clear), they often didn't just design a bigger or flashier new one , but instead added on tacky extras to the one with the history.(and it was cheaper too) Teffania Date: Thu, 24 Jun 2010 13:05:45 +1000 From: Ian Whitchurch Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets To: "The Shambles: the SCA Lochac mailing list" It's appalling. It's utterly appalling. I love it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schatzkammer_Residenz_Muenchen_Krone_Heinrich_II_1270.jpg Anton Date: Thu, 24 Jun 2010 12:09:57 +0800 From: Rebecca Lucas Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets To: Oooh, I can add: Monomakh's Cap: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomakh's_Cap The Reliquary Crown: http://politikfuerfranken.blogspot.com/2009/03/die-heinrichskrone.html Crown of Eric XIV: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_crown_of_Sweden.jpg And the non-European Crowns of Silla: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_Silla In my very limited experience, the closest thing I've seen look like a 'tasteful' crown was described as a wedding crown. There's an extant 16th century Semigallian one (if I remember right, it was sheet metal stiffened with birchbark), but that was classy peasant dress instead of noble (ie. it was due to budget, not refined taste). ~Asfridhr <> 1) stick more gemstones on it. On any surface that is bare. 2) add a structure over the top of the head. either a single arch or a pair of perpendicular arches in the byzantine fashion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire 3) add extra decorative bits sticking out the top (or in our case, we could replace them with fancier ones) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_Charlemagne 4)add byzantine style pendant bits handing off the bottom (after adding the bits on the top - otherwise it would look silly) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary <> Date: Thu, 24 Jun 2010 15:54:26 +1000 From: Chris Anderson Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets To: The Shambles: the SCA Lochac mailing list Ian Whitchurch wrote: <<< It's appalling. It's utterly appalling. I love it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schatzkammer_Residenz_Muenchen_Krone_Heinrich_II_1270.jpg >>> I'm quite sure that those are indeed the precious and semi-precious items they are supposed to be, but the whole thing looks ... I dunno, fake? Very nicely made, though. Date: Fri, 25 Jun 2010 21:25:53 +1000 From: Steve Roylance Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets To: lochac at lochac.sca.org http://www.residenz-muenchen.de/englisch/treasury/pic11.htm From: Hroller McKnutt Date: March 11, 2011 1:32:27 PM CST To: CALONTIR at listserv.unl.edu Subject: Re: [CALONTIR] Leather Worked Needed On Fri, Mar 11, 2011 at 1:16 PM, Stefan li Rous wrote: <<< I'm curious, why are you wanting a coronet of leather? Most of the ones I've seen seemed to be made of metal, often brass. >>> I don't know about Bel, but my Knight had one made of leather because metal ones hurt to sit on, are heavy, heat up in the sun, and cost a lot. Besides, it's easier to play coronet ring toss with a leather coronet. Hrothgar From: Belanna Date: March 11, 2011 1:58:03 PM CST To: CALONTIR at listserv.unl.edu Subject: Re: [CALONTIR] Leather Worked Needed I currently have 2 metal coronets. One was a gift from Baron Geoffrey of York from the Midrelm made by Dranconstien Treasures and is lovely. One I had commissioned with my personal design. The current leather one was made with mine and my X husbands arms on it. This is my field coronet, meaning in the heat of Pennsic and the damp of Gulf War when running around and wanting a light weight comfy coronet the leather one is just right. Now since he is my X husband I prefer to have my coronet with just my arms on it. I know too much information, but inquiring minds wanted to know. Bel On Mar 11, 2011, at 11:06 AM, Belanna wrote: <<< I am in the market for a new leather unlanded baronial coronet. The one I have currently is in sad shape. If you would like to make some money and work with leather. Please email me at baroness_belanna at att.net and we can discuss terms and ideas. Bel >>> <<< I'm curious, why are you wanting a coronet of leather? Most of the ones I've seen seemed to be made of metal, often brass. Weight? cost? a persona thing? Stefan >>> From: Dee Thompson Date: March 11, 2011 3:14:38 PM CST To: CALONTIR at listserv.unl.edu Subject: Re: [CALONTIR] Leather Worked Needed <<< Weight? cost? a persona thing? Stefan >>> Weight is one reason. Having something to wear that you don't mind being damaged while you work is another. I made one for Stanislaus for that reason. And to add to that, I'm sure having one made of leather when you're flying on the way to Pennsic, Estrella or Gulf Wars makes things easier as well... You don't have to worry about explaining it so much in your carry-on, or worry about it getting stolen if you put it through the check-in baggage. If it goes missing, it's easy enough to replace. Fionnuala From: Cyn Wise Date: March 12, 2011 8:26:46 AM CST To: CALONTIR at listserv.unl.edu Subject: Re: [CALONTIR] Leather Worked Needed My daughter and son-in-law's County coronets are leather. They are much more comfortable to wear for long periods of time, I'm told, than anything metal. Gwynneth Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2011 20:01:37 +1300 From: michaela de bruce Subject: Re: [Lochac] jewelry wish-list To: "The Shambles: the SCA Lochac mailing list" And for pure flight of fancy some coronets based on extant crowns (I think 15th/16thC German- guild or bridal can't recall) with text around the base. They are silly and glorious all at once. Sadly google foo fails me. And then fine work like this: http://www.darkridgejewels.com/gallery/RenaissanceJewelryAvail Window shopping only. Willemyne Date: Sat, 19 Mar 2011 13:57:35 +1100 From: "Tig" Subject: Re: [Lochac] jewellery wish-list To: "Shambles" Interesting to note that not one person has noted the US spelling throughout. The pedant jeweller in me has corrected the subject line accordingly :) I'd like to thanks Kazimira for raising the topic. It's been fascinating from my perspective! Gui's reply - <<< The coronets in the Moulins Triptych http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hey_Moulins_Triptych.jpg I'm not even sure I'd ask the price. >>> to which Giles replied - <<< Which means you can't afford them :) >>> I doubt *any* of us could afford reproductions in the same materials. The originals, if extant, given their provenance, would be in the high millions (I stalk auction house results for such things). Reproduced in the same materials, you're still looking at several low million. Depends on how many of the gemstones are precious as opposed to semi-precious ie rubies vs garnets, sapphires vs blue topaz, size of pearls, colour and lustre etc. Do we know if they're still around or if this painting is the only record. There may be a list of materials in a stocktake of regalia somewhere... Would LOVE to see it... To give a quick comparison of one item I was in charge of maintaining and occasionally even carried in my handbag to exhibitions for a previous employer, I give you an 18ct gold and diamond collar necklace about 5cm wide at the centre and tapering towards the catch. Quite Egyptian looking. The surface was studded in various cuts of Argyle diamonds, mostly the champagne and cognac colours (cheaper than white) but the occasional pink (more expensive than white) here and there. We had manufactured it as a talking point to encourage the 'stars' to commission us to make their bling. I valued it (as the resident registered valuer) for replacement cost, at one million AUD. It contained mostly cheap diamonds and little extra technique such as etching, niello inlay, enamelwork etc. Lighter than a coronet too. William commented - <<< The tastefully tiered one in the background, or the boring single-tier ones worn by the kneeling couple? >>> I'm sure Gui was referring to the elegant single-tiered ones, rather than the gaudy, migraine starting, lightning rod in the background ;-P. Besides, up close, those single tier ones can be extremely busy in of themselves. Have made some very similar to those two although I'd like to see a close up. Anyone got any more info on them? ~ Tig Date: Fri, 20 May 2011 00:04:48 -0400 From: "E. L. Wimett" To: Subject: [MR] Laurel Precedent on "Grandfathered Regalia" Without commenting on the substance of the proposal on symbols of rank, I should note that there has indeed been for more than twenty-five years an explicit Laurel precedent on the use of regalia earned in a kingdom different from that in which an individual is resident. I can speak with some authority on this matter since the Laurel ruling was made in direct response to a query/request for ruling from me when I was Brigantia Principal Herald of the East. Drachenwald was then still part of the East and Drachenwald viscounts and viscountesses were experiencing some "issues" when they PCSed to certain kingdoms where they were being told, more or less officially (and somewhat officiously!) that they could not wear their viscounty coronets since they did not follow the usual local pattern for such things. (Almost exactly the sort of situation over which Viscount Axel has expressed concern!) This precedent appeared in the cover letter to the July, 1984, LoAR available on line at http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1984/07/cl.htm. The relevant text is: ?Another problem which has developed is the situation with kingdoms having different sumptuary standards and the cases where people from one kingdom travel to or move to another kingdom. The Middle had, until recently, laws on the size and style of banners allowed to different ranks. Both the Middle and Meridies have laws concerning the designs and materials allowed for coronets and circlets for various ranks. Some people have had their personal coronets questioned when they moved to another kingdom having different standards. Whether or not the College decides to have standard designs for things like viscounty coronets, baronial circlets, armigers' circlets, etc., I would like to make one thing quite clear: anyone who has received an item of regalia according to the customs and laws of the kingdom or principality in which they earned the right to such regalia, whether it be a medallion, a circlet, a coronet, or some other emblem of regalia, has the right to continue to use that regalia wherever else in the SCA they may move or travel to. Kingdom or Principality sumptuary codes apply only to regalia earned in that kingdom or principality or made new while living in that kingdom or principality. Thus, if a court Baron is given a golden circlet by the King when he is made a court Baron he has the right to wear that circlet when he travels to or moves to another kingdom whose custom or law is to have court Barons wear silver circlets. Should that court Baron later wish to make a new circlet, then that new circlet should conform to the customs or laws in the new area of residence. The old regalia legally obtained in the previous kingdom of residence is protected under a grandfather-clause exemption from sumptuary laws in other kingdoms. To make sure that the Powers That Be are aware that foreign regalia has entered the Kingdom, and to provide a clear indication that the foreign regalia has indeed been granted an exception, I recommend that the custom be established that immigrating armigers with rights to particular regalia check with the Principal Herald of the new kingdom of residence and get such regalia cleared. Such clearance should be relatively routine, except in excessive cases. In period, anyone who could afford the materials and labor to make one (and also to pay the sumptuary tax) could wear a jeweled circlet. The right of all SCA members to wear a simple thin circlet to hold their headdress/hair down should not be abridged in any kingdom of the SCA. For the sake of courtesy and hospitality, visitors from other kingdoms should never be questioned on matters of regalia, beyond a tactful inquiry as to what the regalia is for and whether it is standard in the person's home kingdom. Someone moving to another kingdom should inquire into and be informed of any sumptuary customs or laws in effect in that kingdom, and would be well advised to consider conforming to local customs, but s/he should not be required to throw away legally received regalia. Alisoun Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2012 12:19:48 +1000 From: " the_brinsmeads at netspeed.com.au " Subject: Re: [Lochac] Circlets - what is okay and what isn't? To: " The Shambles: the SCA Lochac mailing list " The good news is that Lochac doesn't have sumptory laws. It appears most kingdoms in North America do - particularly those that grew from the East Kingdom, rather than from the West (like big island Lochac). Hence the conflicting information on the web. A good rule of thumb is: For circlets, use laurel leaves only when a Laurel, seven points if a Baron/Baronness, strawberry leaves if holding a duchy. I'd leave roses for Ladies of the Rose too. Apart from that, they can be skinny, wide, tall, metal, leather, what ever takes your fancy and looks good. Ragnhildr Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2012 10:49:43 +1100 From: Alessandra Dellamorot Subject: [Lochac] Henry VIII replica crown To: lochac at lochac.sca.org http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/video/2012/oct/07/henry-viiis-crown-video?fb=native In case anyone is interested. To: Gleann Abhann (mail list) Subject: Re: Circlets Posted by: "Hillary" hillaryrg at yahoo.com hillaryrg Date: Fri Mar 1, 2013 11:40 am ((PST)) --- In gleannabhann at yahoogroups.com, "brmscribe at ..." wrote: <<< Could someone give me a few online sources for AoA & GoA circlets. Bailey Rose >>> Simple patterned 'wire' can be purchased at Rio Grande: http://www.riogrande.com/ Enter search 'Patterned wire', and you should see resources for stirling silver and gold filled (not cheep). There are two copper wire choices. Also, check out Metalliferous at: http://www.metalliferous.com/ Look for pattern wire, wire strip, copper and brass strip (sheet can be cut down to thinner strips with bench sheers) Otto Frei: www.ottofrei.com Has sterling silver flat patterned wire That should get you started. Cheers, Hillary To: Gleann Abhann (mail list) Subject: Re: Circlets Posted by: "Susan" salambert at yahoo.com salambert Date: Wed Feb 27, 2013 1:50 pm ((PST)) My husband and I have used Tomas the Lapidary for our AOA, GOA, and court barony coronets. He will be at Gulf Wars. His prices are good and if you have a problem with the product he will fix it. Also he will adjust the circle, coronet when you buy it on site. I mail ordered my coronet and he adjusted it at the next event we were both at. Baroness Susan Landbeorht From: Tim McDaniel Subject: Re: [Ansteorra] Crown Coronets Date: April 14, 2013 10:11:50 PM CDT To: "Kingdom of Ansteorra - SCA, Inc." On Sun, 14 Apr 2013, Alice Morrow Harris wrote: > Who pays for all the crowns and coronets? Who pays for the thrones? Who pays for the little table between them, if that's part of the kingdom stock of property? Who pays for the pillows? Who pays for the banners? If there's a kingdom trailer to haul it, who pays for that? In short, who pays for all the property that is owned by the kingdom and that is handed from crown to crown? Crowns were not necessarily worn in period. For example, Henry II Plantagenet abandoned either most or all of his ceremonial crown-wearings (I don't recall which), which were held at a few feasts per year. Daniel Lincoln To: EKMetalsmiths at yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: medieval crowns Date: Thu Dec 26, 2013 10:29 am (PST). Posted by: "Ron Charlotte" al_thaalibi On 12/26/2013 10:39 AM, irene purificato wrote: > I read somewhere (maybe it was here) that the way to put all the gems > on medieval crowns was to use tabs. > > Do the tabs show on the back? > > Irene That's kind of a "where and when" sort of detail. There are a bunch of schemes that were used to mount gems on crowns. _most_ involved building a bezel setting of some sort, but some used elaborate filigree, some pinned thought the stone like a mounted bead, some used a split bezel (which might be what you are thinking of as "tabs"). -- Ron Charlotte Gainesville, FL ronch2 at bellsouth.net or thaalibi at gmail.com To: EKMetalsmiths at yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: medieval crowns Date: Thu Dec 26, 2013 9:42 pm (PST). Posted by: "Charles Anderson" Tabs? Claws (prongs), maybe? You could make the tabs like claws, and you wouldn't see anything on the back at all. You could use a bezel setting that would be almost un-noticable. Regards Charles from Oz From: "willowdewisp at juno.com via Ansteorra" Subject: [Ansteorra] neat site brass hats Date: May 29, 2014 5:16:56 AM CDT To: ansteorra at lists.ansteorra.org hi I found this site looking for something else. It might be out of date but it give a pretty good overview of what people may or may not wear on their heads in each kingdom. Very good for reference.http://www.tomasthelapidary.net/store52/html/documentation/Sumptuary%20Laws%20Compiled.pdf Have fun. Duchess Willow de Wisp. Locked in for the summer. To: 12thcenturygarb at yahoogroups.com Subject: 12c crown Posted by: "Pam Perryman" pam at bobwhitman.com Date: Thu Jun 5, 2014 9:33 pm ((PDT)) Some time back someone was inquiring about circlets or crowns of the 12th century. The History Blog (http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/category/medieval) posting for April 24, 2014, has a picture of the crown buried with Swedish king Eric IX of Sweden (reigned 1156-60). Clicking on the photo enlarges it so you can see some good detail. Yseult To: 12thcenturygarb at yahoogroups.com Subject: 12c Circlets Posted by: pam at bobwhitman.com Date: Tue Jul 8, 2014 10:12 pm ((PDT)) Found another 12c circlet. The current issues of Histoires et Images Médievales (No. 56) has an article about the items from the Abbaye de Saint-Maurice d'Agaune that are apparently currently on display at the Louvre. One of the pieces is a head reliquary of Saint Candide, from about 1165. It's in the photo album Yseult's Miscellany, the 8th picture. Yseult Edited by Mark S. Harris coronets-msg Page of 20